Solution

Polymerization
I. Introduction
Monomer and
initiator must be
soluble in the
liquid and the
solvent must have
the desired chain
transfer
characteristics,
boiling point
(above the
temperature
necessary to
carry out the
polymerization and
low enough to
allow for ready
removal if the
polymer is
recovered by
solvent
evaporation). The
presence of the
solvent assists in
heat removal and
control (as it also
does for
suspension and
emulsion
polymerization
systems). Polymer
yield per reaction
volume is lower
than
for bulk reactions.
Also, solvent
recovery and
removal (from the
polymer) is
necessary. Many
free
radical and ionic
polymerizations
are carried out
utilizing solution
polymerization
including water-
soluble polymers
prepared in
aqueous solution
[namely poly
(acrylic acid),
polyacrylamide,
and poly
(N-vinyl
pyrrolidinone)].
Polystyrene, poly
(methyl
methacrylate),
poly (vinyl
chloride), and
polybutadiene are
prepared from
organic solution
polymerizations,
[1].
 Solution
Polymerization
I. Introduction
Monomer and
initiator must be
soluble in the
liquid and the
solvent must have
the desired chain
transfer
characteristics,
boiling point
(above the
temperature
necessary to
carry out the
polymerization and
low enough to
allow for ready
removal if the
polymer is
recovered by
solvent
evaporation). The
presence of the
solvent assists in
heat removal and
control (as it also
does for
suspension and
emulsion
polymerization
systems). Polymer
yield per reaction
volume is lower
than
for bulk reactions.
Also, solvent
recovery and
removal (from the
polymer) is
necessary. Many
free
radical and ionic
polymerizations
are carried out
utilizing solution
polymerization
including water-
soluble polymers
prepared in
aqueous solution
[namely poly
(acrylic acid),
polyacrylamide,
and poly
(N-vinyl
pyrrolidinone)].
Polystyrene, poly
(methyl
methacrylate),
poly (vinyl
chloride), and
polybutadiene are
prepared from
organic solution
polymerizations,
[1].
 Solution
Polymerization
I. Introduction
Monomer and
initiator must be
soluble in the
liquid and the
solvent must have
the desired chain
transfer
characteristics,
boiling point
(above the
temperature
necessary to
carry out the
polymerization and
low enough to
allow for ready
removal if the
polymer is
recovered by
solvent
evaporation). The
presence of the
solvent assists in
heat removal and
control (as it also
does for
suspension and
emulsion
polymerization
systems). Polymer
yield per reaction
volume is lower
than
for bulk reactions.
Also, solvent
recovery and
removal (from the
polymer) is
necessary. Many
free
radical and ionic
polymerizations
are carried out
utilizing solution
polymerization
including water-
soluble polymers
prepared in
aqueous solution
[namely poly
(acrylic acid),
polyacrylamide,
and poly
(N-vinyl
pyrrolidinone)].
Polystyrene, poly
(methyl
methacrylate),
poly (vinyl
chloride), and
polybutadiene are
prepared from
organic solution
polymerizations,
[1].
 Solution
Polymerization
I. Introduction
Monomer and
initiator must be
soluble in the
liquid and the
solvent must have
the desired chain
transfer
characteristics,
boiling point
(above the
temperature
necessary to
carry out the
polymerization and
low enough to
allow for ready
removal if the
polymer is
recovered by
solvent
evaporation). The
presence of the
solvent assists in
heat removal and
control (as it also
does for
suspension and
emulsion
polymerization
systems). Polymer
yield per reaction
volume is lower
than
for bulk reactions.
Also, solvent
recovery and
removal (from the
polymer) is
necessary. Many
free
radical and ionic
polymerizations
are carried out
utilizing solution
polymerization
including water-
soluble polymers
prepared in
aqueous solution
[namely poly
(acrylic acid),
polyacrylamide,
and poly
(N-vinyl
pyrrolidinone)].
Polystyrene, poly
(methyl
methacrylate),
poly (vinyl
chloride), and
polybutadiene are
prepared from
organic solution
polymerizations,
[1].
Monomer and
initiator must be
soluble in the
liquid and the
solvent must have
the desired chain
transfer
characteristics,
boiling point
(above the
temperature
necessary to
carry out the
polymerization and
low enough to
allow for ready
removal if the
polymer is
recovered by
solvent
evaporation). The
presence of the
solvent assists in
heat removal and
control (as it also
does for
suspension and
emulsion
polymerization
systems). Polymer
yield per reaction
volume is lower
than
for bulk reactions.
Also, solvent
recovery and
removal (from the
polymer) is
necessary. Many
free
radical and ionic
polymerizations
are carried out
utilizing solution
polymerization
including water-
soluble polymers
prepared in
aqueous solution
[namely poly
(acrylic acid),
polyacrylamide,
and poly
(N-vinyl
pyrrolidinone)].
Polystyrene, poly
(methyl
methacrylate),
poly (vinyl
chloride), and
polybutadiene are
prepared from
organic solution
polymerizations,
[1].
Technical College of Engineering
Department of Petrochemical
COURSE: Polymer

Name of Experiment: polymerization of acrylamide with a redox system

in aqueous solution and convert it to sodium polyacrylate salt and
subsequent conversion to polyacrylic acid

Submitted by: Bayar Shawkat , Soran Najib , Zhwan Ramadan

Experiment No: 7
Date of experiment: 27/10/2019

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EVALUATION

Activity During Experiment & Procedure

Data & Results

Discussion, Conclusion & Answer to the Questions

Neat and tidy report writing

Overall Mark
 Objective
 To polymerize acrylamide in water and produce a polyacrylamide by
oxidation-reduction reaction system in aqueous solution.
 To convert polyacrylamide to sodium polyacrylate
 To convert sodium polyacrylate solution into polyacrylic acid
powder.

Introduction
A redox (or oxidation-reduction) reaction is a type of chemical reaction
that involves a transfer of electrons between two species.
We can say there has been a transfer of electrons if there is any change
in the oxidation number between the reactants and the products.
Redox reactions are everywhere! Your body uses redox reactions to
convert food and oxygen to energy plus water and CO2 which we then
exhale. The batteries in your electronics also rely on redox reactions,
but in this experiment it used to form a polymer by transfer a electron
to produce a initiator , which we called redox polymerization

Polyacrylic acid powder

Discussion
in this experiment we produce a polyacrylamide which is polymer by
redox reaction initiator, after we mix acrylonitrile with distillate water
we must extract the oxygen out from R.B.F , putting the nitrogen in a
R.B.F and close it, to prevent the oxygen from getting inside, after that
we mix that solution with another solution which is (H2O2, Fe +2 ) or
initiator , our initiator is made up from donating a electron from Fe +2
and accepting electron by H2O2 which is :
H2O2(aq) + 2Fe2+(aq) + 2H+(aq)→ 2 Fe3+(aq) + 2H2O
After shaking it for a period of time we mix it with a (methanol & HCl)
to precipitate polymer ,then we filtrated it to getting a powder which is
polyacrylic acid powder.