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ISO 9346 Mass Transfer
ISO 9346 Mass Transfer
INTERNATIONAL i50
STANDARD 9346
First edition
1987-11-01
AMENDMENT 1
1996-02-01
Thermal insulation -
Mass transfer - Physical
quantities and definitions
AMENDMENT 1
AMENDEMENT 1
Reference number
I S 0 9346:1987/Amd.l :I 996(E)
IS0 9346:1987/Amd.l:1996(E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through I S 0
technical cornmittees. Each member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. I S 0
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IECI on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
O I S 0 1996
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 CH-1 21 1 Genève 20 Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
II
Page 6
3.30 density of gas flow rate: Mass of gas passing through a material as a M
function of time and area of surface, under specified conditions.
NOTES
1 For the case of gas transfer through a material bound by parallel surfaces this is often
referred to as "gas transmission rate".
3.32 gas permeability: Product of the gas permeance and the perpendicular P
distance between the surfaces of the material under consideration.
NOTES
1 This is only quantifiable for heterogeneous materials and systems.
3.33 gas diffusion coefficient: Rate of gas diffusion through a material. D m2/s
NOTES
NOTE -An alternative form of definition IS in use where "amount of substance" replaces
"mass" and with the corresponding units written in terms of the unit mol instead of kg.
1
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3.35 gas solubility coefficient: Gas solubility divided by the permeant pressure. S Pa-1
NOTES
1 The relationship S = c/p is Henry's Law, where c IS a function of the permeant gas, the
permeated material and temperature.
I3.36 gas permeability coefficient: Product of the diffusion coefficient and the
solubility coefficient.
NOTE -An alternative form of definition is in use where "amount of substance" replaces
"mass" and with the corresponding units written in terms of the unit mol instead of kg.
m 2 / b Pa)
2
COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization
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4851903 0646566 391
I S 0 9346:1987/Arnd. 1:I
996[E)
~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~
Reference number
I S 0 9346 : 1987 (E)
93Yb-87 I 4 8 5 1 4 0 3 00678Y7 T r
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies), The work of preparing International
Standards is normally carried out through I S 0 technical committees. Each member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern-
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
International Standard IS0 9346 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163,
Thermal insulation.
Users should note that all International Standards undergo revision from time to time
and that any reference made herein to any other International Standard implies its
latest edition, unless otherwise stated.
Printed in Switzerland -
This International Standard forms part of a series of 2.1 mass transfer : Transmission of mass (especially
vocabularies relafed to thermal insulation. moisture or air) by various mechanisms.
The series will include 2.2 moisture : Water in gaseous, liquid or solid phase.
ISO 7345, Thermal insulation - Physical quantities and defini- 2.3 water vapour : Moisture in the gaseous phase.
tions.
2.4 water vapour diffusion : Movement of water vapour
I S 0 9251, Thermal insulation - Heat transfer conditions and molecules in a gas mixture tending to equalize the vapour con-
properties of materials - Vocabulary. tent in the air or the partial pressure of the vapour, with the
total pressure being constant.
IS0 9346, Thermal insulation - Mass transfer - Physical
2.5 water vapour convection : Transfer of water vapour in
quantities and definitions.
a gas mixture by movement of the whole gas mixture due to a
difference in total pressure.
IS0 9229, Thermal insulation - Thermal insulating materials
and products -
Vocabulary. 2.6 hygroscopic sorption curve : Relation between
moisture content in a porous material and the relative humidity
IS0 9288, Thermal insulation - Heat transfer by radiation - of the ambient air at equilibrium.
Physical quantities and definitions.
NOTE - There are curves for sorption and for desorption. Because of
measuring difficulties there is an upper limit for the relative humidity at
95 % to 98 %.
1 Scope and field of application 2.7 suction curve : Relation between the equalized moisture
content in a porous material and the suction (negative pore
pressure) in the pore water.
This International Standard defines physical quantities and
other terms in the field of mass transfer relevant to thermal in- NOTE - Generally there are curves for sorption and for desorption.
sulation systems, and gives the corresponding symbols and Theoretically the suction curve covers the whole moisture range, from
units. absolute dryness to full saturation.
1
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3.1 humidity by volume :Mass of water vapour divided by the volume of the gaseous mixture. V kg/m3
NOTES
1 Humidity by volume is the same as the partial m a s density of water vapour, eV
2 At saturation the notations vsat and are used.
3.2 humidity by mass : Mass of water vapour divided by the mass of dry air. X kglkg
3.3 partial water vapour pressure : Partial pressure of water vapour in a gaseous mixture. Pv Pa
3.6 moisture content mass by volume : Mass of evaporable water divided by volume of
material. W kg/m3
NOTE - Volume of material can either be that of wet state or dry state and shall be specified when quoting
moisture content. The method of evaporating water from a moist material must be stated.
3.7 moisture content volume by volume : Volume of evaporable water divided by volume of
material. w m31m3
-
NOTE Volume of material can either be that of wet state or dry state and shall be specified when quoting
moisture content. The method of evaporating water from a moist material must be stated.
3.8 moisture content mass by mass : Mass of evaporable water divided by mass of material. u k0/kg
NOTE -
Mass of material can either be that of wet state or dry state and shall be specified when quoting
moisture content. The method of evaporating water from a moist material must be stated.
3,9 degree of saturation : Mass of water in a porous body divided by the mass of water at
saturation, s
NOTE - The method of reaching saturation must be stated.
3.10 suction : The pressure difference between the pore water pressure and the ambient total
pressure. S Pa
2
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IS0 9346 : 1987 (E)
Symbol Unit
3.11 moisture flow rate : Mass of moisture transferred to or from a system divided by time. G kgls
3.12 density of moisture flow rate : Moisture flow rate divided by area. g kg/(m2.s)
3.13 water vapour diffusion coefficient in the air : Quantity defined by the following
relation : D m2/s
j” -Dgradv
where
where
NOTE - Water vapour transmission through porous materials can be related to different driving mechanisms.
Humidity by volume or partial vapour pressure are commonly used.
The word diffusion should not be used in this context, as part of the moisture flow is in liquid phase.
The transfer coefficients are dependent on the level of the corresponding relative humidity or moisture content
of the material.
where
3
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Symbol Unit
ZV s/m
zp=+ ) - P2
( P = TPi
ZP m2.s. Pa/kg
3.17 moisture resistance factor : Water vapour diffusion coefficient in air, D, divided by the P
moisture permeability, d,, of a porous material.
where
NOTE - Moisture diffusivity and moisture conductivityare principally usedto describe moisturetransfer in the
liquid phase, but they include also the gaseous phase.
g = &,grads
where
s is the suction.
NOTE - Moisture diffusivity and moistureconductivityare principally usedto describe moisture transfer in the
liquid phase, but they include also the gaseous phase.
3.20 surface coefficient of water vapour transfer : Quantity defined by the following
relations :
ßv m/s
ßP kg/(m2.s.Pa)
va and v, are the humidities by volume of ambient air and at the surface respectively;
and pv, are the partial vapour pressures of ambient air and at the surface respectively.
pva
4
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Symbol Unit
(=-
dw r . kg/m3
d@
where
NOTE - This value indicates the tangent of the hygroscopic sorption curve.
3.22 thermal diffusion coefficient of moisture : Quantity defined by the following relation :
g = D, grad T DT kg/(m.s.K)
where
T is the temperature.
NOTE -The thermal diffusion coefficient is dependent on how the flow related to moisture gradients is
described.
where
where
x is the penetration depth of the water front during sorption from a water surface;
t is time.
3.25 air flow rate : Volume of air transferred to or from a system divided by time. R m3/~
3.26 density of air flow rate : Air flow rate divided by area. r m3/ím2.s)
k m2
where
5
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Symbol Unit
3.28 air permeance : Quantity defined by the following relation : K m3/ í m2.s. Pa)
r = Kip, - p2)
where
NOTE - The term K for air permeance includes the effect of the viscosity of air at constant temperature.
3.29 air resistance : Reciprocal of air permeance : S m2.c. pa/ m3
1 Pl - P2
S=K;r=.- S
4 Subscripts
v vapour
w water, liquid
sat saturation
a ambient
6
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