Nueva Vizcaya State University College of Arts and Sciences

Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya Graduate School

SOLUTIONS
OF
FIRST-ORDER
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
RICHARD J. TACLAY
Lecturer

Saturday, 19 October 2019

Nueva Vizcaya State University College of Arts and Sciences
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya Graduate School

BERNOULLI’S
EQUATIONS

Saturday, 19 October 2019

Nueva Vizcaya State University College of Arts and Sciences
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya Graduate School

Bernoulli’s Equation
The differential equation
𝒅𝒚
+ 𝑷 𝒙 𝒚 = 𝑸 𝒙 𝒚𝒏
𝒅𝒙
Where 𝑛 is any real number, is called Bernoulli’s Equation.

Note: If 𝑛 = 0 and 𝑛 = 1, the equation is linear.

Saturday, 19 October 2019

Nueva Vizcaya State University College of Arts and Sciences
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya Graduate School

Bernoulli’s Equation

The Substitution
𝒘 = 𝒚𝟏−𝒏
transforms it into a linear differential equation in the unknown
function w 𝑥 .

Saturday, 19 October 2019

Nueva Vizcaya State University College of Arts and Sciences
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya Graduate School

Bernoulli’s Equation
Steps in Solving Bernoulli’s Equation
1. Put the equation in standard form:

𝒅𝒚
+ 𝑷 𝒙 𝒚 = 𝑸 𝒙 𝒚𝒏
𝒅𝒙

Saturday, 19 October 2019

Nueva Vizcaya State University College of Arts and Sciences
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya Graduate School

Bernoulli’s Equation
Steps in Solving Bernoulli’s Equation
2. Let:

𝒘 = 𝒚𝟏−𝒏

𝒅𝒘 −𝒏
𝒅𝒚
= 𝟏−𝒏 𝒚
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙

Saturday, 19 October 2019

Nueva Vizcaya State University College of Arts and Sciences
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya Graduate School

Bernoulli’s Equation
Steps in Solving linear First Order ODE’s
3. Substitute to the equation in step 1, to eliminate 𝑦.

𝒅𝒘
+ 𝟏−𝒏 𝑷 𝒙 𝒘= 𝟏−𝒏 𝑸 𝒙 𝐋𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐄𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝒅𝒙

Saturday, 19 October 2019

Nueva Vizcaya State University College of Arts and Sciences
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya Graduate School

Bernoulli’s Equation
Steps in Solving linear First Order ODE’s
4. Solve the resultant linear equation, then substitute

𝒘 = 𝒚𝟏−𝒏

Saturday, 19 October 2019

Nueva Vizcaya State University College of Arts and Sciences
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya Graduate School

Bernoulli’s Equation
Obtain a family of solutions.
1. 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦/𝑥 = 𝑥𝑦 2 𝐴𝑛𝑠: −𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑐𝑥𝑦 = 1
2. 𝑦 ′ + 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑥 2 /2
𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑐𝑦𝑒 +𝑦 =1
3. 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑦 −2 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑦 3 = 1 + 𝑐𝑥 −3
4. 𝑦 ′ = 𝑦 𝑥𝑦 3 − 1 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑦 −3 = 𝑥 + 1 3 + 𝑐𝑒 3𝑥
5. 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 2 = 𝑥𝑦 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑒 𝑥 𝑦
= 𝑐𝑥

Saturday, 19 October 2019

Nueva Vizcaya State University College of Arts and Sciences
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya Graduate School

Bernoulli’s Equation
Solve the initial – value problem:
−3
9 49
2 ′ 4
1. 𝑥 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 3𝑦 ; when 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1/2. 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑦 =− + 6
5𝑥 5𝑥 2
𝑦
−
2. 𝑥𝑦 1 + 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ = 1; when 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 0 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑥 −1 2
=2−𝑦 −𝑒 2

10

Saturday, 19 October 2019

Nueva Vizcaya State University College of Arts and Sciences
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya Graduate School

---Thank you---

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Saturday, 19 October 2019