Mikroplastik berdasarkan WHO

- Sebenarnya tidak ada definsi yang sepakat disetujui oleh ilmuwan mengenai
mikroplastik, hampir kebanyakan definisi mikroplastik fokus pada komposisi dan
ukuran

Definisi microplastic

- Small pieces of plastic, less than 5 mm (0.2 inch) in length, that occur in the
environment as a consequence of plastic pollution.
https://www.britannica.com/technology/microplastic
- lastic debris can come in all shapes and sizes, but those that are less than five
millimeters in length (or about the size of a sesame seed) are called
“microplastics.” National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationU.S.
Department of Commerce. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/microplastics.html
- Microplastics are tiny plastic particles up to 5mm in diameter. In the last four
decades, concentrations of these particles appear to have increased significantly
in the surface waters of the ocean. UN Environment Program
https://www.unenvironment.org/resources/report/microplastics

- Microplastics have been attributed with numerous size-ranges, varying from study
to study, with diameters of <10 mm, <5 mm, 2-6 mm, <2 mm (Ryan et al.
2009) and <1 mm (Claessens et al. 2011). This inconsistency is particularly
problematic when comparing data referring to microplastics, making it increasingly
important to create a scientific standard (Claessens et al. 2011, Costa et al. 2010).
- Plastics have become indispensible in many areas of modern life, used for
clothing, storage, transportation, packaging, construction and a host of consumer
goods. One of plastics’ greatest properties, its durability, is also one of the main
reasons that plastics present a threat to the marine environment. The risk
increases as long as plastic continues to enter the ocean. The term microplastics
was introduced within the last decade to describe small pieces of plastic found in
the ocean, commonly defined as < 5mm in diameter.
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Kemungkinan Risiko Kesehatan Terkait dengan Mikroplastik pada Air Minum

- Potensi dari hazard terkait dengan mikroplastik didasarkan 3 kondisi
1. Karena partikel itu sendiri (mikroplastik) yang menimbulkan bahaya fisik
2. Adanya senyawa kimia yang (monomer tidak terikat, senyawa additive dan senyawa
kimia yang diserap dari lingkungan)
3. Adanya mikroorganisme yang mungkin menempel dan berkoloni pada mikroplasik
sebagai biofilm.

Karena partikel itu sendiri (mikroplastik) yang menimbulkan bahaya fisik

- Belum ada data yang cukup untuk mengetahui sejauh mana bahayanya
- Sudah melakukan percobaan -> dampaknya gimana

Rekomendasi dari WHO terkait Isu Mikroplastik

Routine monitoring of microplastics in drinking-water is not recommended at this time, as there

is no evidence to indicate a human health concern. Concerns over microplastics in drinking-
water should not divert resources of water suppliers and regulators from other important
issues, including the removal of microbial pathogens, which remains the most significant risk to
human health from drinkingwater. Water suppliers should establish water safety plans and
ensure that control measures, including water treatment processes, are optimized for particle
removal, and microbial safety, which will incidentally improve the removal of microplastic
particles. However, more research is needed to better understand the occurrence of
microplastics in the environment and in media that may result in human exposure. Although
routine monitoring is not recommended, it would be appropriate to undertake targeted,
welldesigned and quality-controlled investigative studies to better understand the sources and
occurrence of microplastics in fresh water and drinking-water, the efficacy of different
treatment processes and combinations of processes, and the significance of the potential return
of microplastics to the environment from treatment waste streams including the application of
sludge biosolids to agricultural land. To help inform water supply management options, more
information is needed on the source of microplastic pollution in fresh water and drinking-water,
as well as the mechanisms and efficacy of removing plastic particles in both wastewater and
drinkingwater treatment. However, regardless of the human health risk posed by exposure to
microplastics in drinking-water, improving management of plastics and reducing the use of
plastics where feasible, to minimize the number of plastics released into the environment is
recommended because these actions can confer other benefits to

the environment and human well-being. Strategies to minimize microplastic inputs can result in
other benefits as well, for example, improvements to water treatment can result in the removal
of a range of contaminants, from microbial pathogens to emerging contaminants including
microplastics in both wastewater and drinking-water, providing a more sustainable and
comprehensive solution than microplastic removal alone.