CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
Transport or Transportation is a movement of cargo, public,animals,and goods from one place to
another place.There are five modes of transportation include air, water,rail, cable,pipeline. The
stream can be divided into infrastructrure,vehicle and operation.
A four basis modes of transport modes are the means by which people and freight cargo achieve
mobility. They fail into one of three basic types, depending on over the surface they travel in a
land
1 Road
2 Rail
3 Water
4 Air
Modes of transportation
There are various modes used for a movement for each mode, there are several means of
transport
They are
1 Inland transportation (Rail, road)
2 Sea transportation (costal, ocean)
3 Air transportation
4 pipelines

We are basically going to focus on INLAND TRANSPORTATION , ROADWAYS and mainly

focus on BEST and NMMT BUSES.

1.1 Brihanmumbai Electricity Supply and Transport (BEST)

The BRIHANMUMBAI ELECTRICITY SUPPLY and TRANSPORT abbreviated as
BEST.BEST was previousaly known as BOMBAY ELECTRIC SUPPLY AND
TRANSPORT. It was originally set up in 1873 as a tramway company called "Bombay
Tramway Company Limited". The company set up a captive thermal power station at the
Wadi bunder in November 1905 to generate electricity for its trams and positioned it to also
supply electricity to the city and re-branded itself to "Bombay Electric Supply & Tramways
(BEST)" Company. In 1926, BEST also became an operator of motor buses. In 1947, the BEST
became an undertaking of the Municipal Corporation and rebranded itself to "Bombay Electric
Supply & Transport (BEST)". In 1995 the organisation was renamed to "Brihanmumbai Electric
Supply & Transport (BEST)" alongside Bombay was renamed to Mumbai. It now operates as an
autonomous body under the Municipal Corporation. BEST operates one of India's largest fleets
of buses. The bus transport service covers the entire city and also extends its operations outside
city limits into neighbouring urban areas.
Till 2015, the BEST runs a total of 3,600 buses, ferrying 5 million passengers over 443 routes,
and has a workforce strength of 38,000, which includes 22,000 bus drivers and conductors.
Besides buses, BEST operates a ferry service since 1981 in northern Mumbai, across the Manori
Creek.

1.1.1 HISTORY

Following history of BEST (BRIHANMUMBAI ELECTRICITY SUPPLY and

TRANSPORT)

1873–1905: Bombay Tramway Company Limited, introduction of horse-drawn trams

The "Bombay Tramway Company Limited" was set up in 1873.After a contract was entered into between the
Bombay Tramway Company, the municipality and Stearns and Kitteredge company, the Bombay Presidency
enacted "The Bombay Tramways Act, 1874", under which the Company was licensed to run a horsecar
tramway service in the city.On 9 May 1874, the first horse-drawn tram made its début in the city, plying on the
Colaba–Pydhone via Crawford Market, and Bori Bunder to Pydhonie via Kalbadevi routes. The initial fare was
three annas (15 paise) , and no tickets were issued. As the service became increasingly popular, the fare was
reduced to two annas (10 paise). Later that year, tickets were issued for the first time to curb increasing
ticketless travel. Stearns and Kitteredge reportedly had a stable of 900 horses when tram service began.
1905–1947: Bombay Electric Supply & Tramway Company Limited, introduction of
electric trams and buses
In 1905, "Bombay Electric Supply & Tramway Company Limited" (B.E.S.T.) was formed. The B.E.S.T.
Company was granted the monopoly for electric supply and the running of an electric tram service in the city.
It bought the assets of the Bombay Tramway Company for Rs.9,850,000.] Two years later in 1907, the first
electric tram debuted in the city. Later that year, a 4,300 kilowatts (5,800 hp) steam power generator was
commissioned at Wari Bunder. In 1916, the Tata Power group began purchasing power and by 1925, all power
generation was outsourced from Tata. The passing years aggravated the problem of rush-hour traffic and to
ease the situation, double-decker trams were introduced in September 1920.

1947–1995: Bombay Electric Supply & Transport, further expansion

As the company grew, it increased its fleet from 242 to 582 buses over the next decade. In 1949, it took over
the Bandra Bus Company, which used to ply buses in the suburbs. In 1951, the electricity division switched
over from direct current (DC) to the more efficient alternating current (AC). The company launched its
services in the eastern suburbs in 1955. That year, the Undertaking and private operators went to court with
BEST asking for a complete closure of the private companies. The case dragged on for four years before the
Supreme Court of India granted the organisation a complete monopoly over bus services in the Greater
Bombay area. In 1964, due to high operational costs and poor public support, its long-running tram services
were terminated. The company became the first company in the country to issue computerised billing in 1974.
In 1994, the company introduced electronic meters in a move to replace the less accurate electric meters.
 1.1.2 Organizational structure of BEST

General manager

Assistant general manager Deputy General Manager

(Traffic)

Assistant General Manager

Chief Traffic
Manager

Chief Engineer

Traffic Manager Traffic Manager Traffic Manager Traffic Manager Traffic Manager

Assistant
General
Manager
Traffic Super Intendant
1.1.3 Current Affairs

1 .on 12 July,2019 The BEST introduces AC buses services were started for office gores at
CSMT, Churchgate, station and Dadar.in comparison with other buses of BEST the AC bus
charges little bit high amount,the AC bus charges rs.6 for 5 km where as the other bus charges
rs.5 for 5 km. (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/)

2. The will get its first conductor- less buses on two routes. Route number 111 from CSMT to
Gateway of India and route number 100 from churchgate to nariman point.
(https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/)

3. Chief minister Devendra Fadnavis launched 25 hybrid electric AC buses for Mumbai. These
AC buses,will cater to communicate in Bandra-kurla complex and as far as Borivali, Thane and
kharghar. The fares will be a minimum rs 15 and maximum rs 110 depending on distance.The
buses are produced by MMRDA and will operated by the BEST. (http://memumbai.com/)

4 .BEST has places an order for 50 double decker buses to replace the first batch of buses BEST
has began phasing out their 70 of their 120 buses which have complited their shelf life of 14
years.

5.The BEST AC buses, the minimum non Ac-bus fare from rs 8 to 5 for the first five kilometers.
The maximum fare for this class has been capped at rs 20.For BEST AC buses, the minimum
fare has been brought down from rs 20 to rs 6 and maximum fare has been kept at rs 25.

6. BEST will add 37 ladies special buses named Tejaswini to its fleet and run them on major
routes in the city and suburbs to ensure comfortable and safe travel for women commuters.

7. Adding electric buses to its intra city fleet, the Brihan Mumbai Electricity Supply and
Transport Undertaking (BEST) deployed 10-9 meter electric buses in Mumbai.
 1.2 NAVI MUMBAI MUNICIPAL TRANSPORT (NMMT)

Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT) was started on 23 January 1996 with 25 buses. .
Presently NMMT undertaking has 475 buses catering to 3,00,000 passengers daily and operating
on 77 routes. . It is presently plying in Mumbai, Borivali, Bandra, Mantralaya,World trade
center, Andheri, Mulund, Thane, Dombivali, Kalyan, Badlapur, Kharghar, Kalamboli, Panvel,
Ulwe Node, Karanjade, Koporli, and Uran. And till now it has crossed many milestones in
Transportation Service as well as Passenger Service and Satisfaction. NMMT have dedicated
their services to fulfill the transportation needs of the fastest Developed and Growing city Navi
Mumbai and its neighborhood. NMMT believe in Better Connectivity, Clean Environment, Good
Behavior and Moral Values.
NMMT has always welcomed new technologies and methodologies to improve efficiency
and quality. Working alongside Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation, NMMT has established
itself firmly in the region by creating extensive network or routes.
All the bus lines add up to a total route length of 1895 kms. and have an average length of 26
kms. The average headway is about 15 minutes, the maximum being 65 minutes and a minimum
of 7-10 minutes. NMMT has three depots Turbhe, Asudgaon and Ghansoli and 13 bus terminals
one depot in Rabale is also proposed.

1.1.2 HISTORY

CIDCO the developing authority of Navi Mumbai was the first to provide transport service. It
was being rendered as part of its development program for New Bombay. On November 15,
1979, CIDCO incorporated a separate company known as "CIDCO Transport Corporation
Limited" and later on or about April 1, 1980, the campany name was changed to "Bombay
Metropolitan Transport Corporation Limited" It operated in 28 routes in New Bombay and had a
fleet of 200 buses. But due to continuous loss and dispute with the around 1700 working staff the
company its service came to a standstill in or about February, 1984. By September, 1985, it
transferred 50 buses to Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC) inorder to ply
service in New Bombay. However neither MSRTC nor BEST were able to provide transport
service in the internal routes of Navi Mumbai. Considering the fact Navi Mumbai Municipal
Corporation Bureaucrats and Political Leaders passed the resolution and on 22 January 1996
Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport an undertaking of NMMC was initiated. It was created to
provide appropriate public transport service in the internal areas of Navi Mumbai. It was initiated
with around 26 Buses.
1.1.3 TYPES OF BUSES 0

Sr .no Buses No of buses

1 Ashok Leyland-BS-II 055

2 2.Ashok Leyland-BS-III 025

3 Ashok Leyland (CNG) 143

4 Ashok Leyland-Low Flour 075

5 Tata 095

6 Volvo A/C (Diesel) 080

7 Volvo A/C (Hybrid) 002

Total 475
STAFF POSITION

Sr no Department No. of
employees
1 Administrative Dept.& Account Dept. 55

2 Traffic Dept. Officer & Supervisory Staff 297

3 Permanent Driver & Conductor 716

4 Fixed pay & Daily Wages Driver/ Conductor 1590

5 Engineering Dept. 76

6 Engineering Dept. Fixed Pay (mech & Helpers) 101

Total 2835
The existing details of NMMT