Tutorial-6, MA 108 (ODE)

Spring 2015, IIT Bombay

1. Find the Laplace transform of the following functions using the definition of Laplace trans-
form.
(
1, 0 ≤ t < 4
(a) f (t) =
t, t≥4
(
t2 , 0 ≤ t < 1
(b) f (t) =
0, t≥1

2. Find the Laplace transform of the following functions using the Laplace transform of step
functions.
(
tet , 0 ≤ t < 1
(a) f (t) =
et , t≥1

 t,
 0≤t<1
(b) f (t) = 2
t , 1≤t<2

 0, t≥2

3. Find the inverse Laplace transform of the following functions.

e−πs (1 − 2s)
(a) H(s) =
s2 + 4s + 5
   
1 2 −2s 3 1 −3s 4 3
(b) H(s) = − 3 + e − +e +
s s s s2 s s2

4. Solve the following IVPs using Laplace transform.

(
e2t , 0 ≤ t < 2
(a) y 00 − y = y(0) = 3, y 0 (0) = −1.
1, t≥2

 1,
 0≤t<1
00 0
(b) y − 5y + 4y = −1, 1 ≤ t < 2 y(0) = 3, y 0 (0) = −5.

 0, t≥2

3π
 cos t, 0 ≤ t < 2



(c) y 00 + 9y = y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0.

 3π
 sin t, t≥

( 2
t, 0≤t<π
(d) y 00 + y = y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0.
−t, t≥π

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 (
0, 0≤t<2
(e) y 00 − 3y 0 + 2y = y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0.
2t − 4, t≥2
(
et , 0≤t<1
(f) y 00 + 2y 0 + y =
t y(0) = 3, y 0 (0) = −1.
e − 1, t≥1

2 0≤t<1
 t ,

00 0 y(0) = 2, y 0 (0) = −1.
(g) y + 2y + 2y = −t, 1≤t<2

 −1, t ≥ 3π
5. Solve the IVP and find a formula in terms of f for the solution that does not involve any step
functions and represents y on each interval of continuity of f

(a) y 00 + y = f (t) y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0;

f (t) = m + 1, mπ ≤ t < (m + 1)π, m = 0, 1, . . ..
(b) y 00 + y = f (t) y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0;
f (t) = (−1)m , mπ ≤ t < (m + 1)π, m = 0, 1, . . ..
(c) y 00 − y = f (t) y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0;
f (t) = m + 1, mπ ≤ t < (m + 1)π, m = 0, 1, . . ..
1 − rm+1
Hint: You will need the formula for 1 + r + . . . + rm = (r 6= 1).
1−r
(d) y 00 + 2y 0 + 2y = f (t) y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0;
f (t) = (m + 1)(sin t + 2 cos t), 2mπ ≤ t < 2(m + 1)π, m = 0, 1, . . ..

6. Let 0 = t0 < t1 < . . . < tn . Suppose fm is continuous on [tm , ∞) for m = 1, . . . n. Let

(
fm (t), tm ≤ t < tm+1 m = 1, . . . , n − 1
f (t) =
fn (t), t ≥ tn

Show that the solution of

ay 00 + by 0 + cy = f (t), y(0) = k0 , y 0 (0) = k1 .

as defined for peicewise continuous forcing functions is given by


 z0 (t),
 0 ≤ t < t1
f (t) = z0 + . . . + zm (t), tm ≤ t < tm+1 m = 1, . . . , n − 1

 z + . . . + z (t)
0 n t ≥ tn
where z0 is a solution of
az 00 + bz 0 + cz = f0 (t), z(0) = k0 , z 0 (0) = k1
and zm is a solution of
az 00 + bz 0 + cz = fm (t) − fm−1 (t), z(tm ) = 0, z 0 (tm ) = 0
for m = 1, . . . , n.

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7. Express the following inverse transform as an integral.
1
(a)
s2 (s2 + 4)
s
(b)
s2 (s2 + 4)
s
(c)
(s + 2)(s2 + 9)
1
(d)
(s + 1)2 (s2 + 4s + 5)
1
(e)
s2 (s − 2)3
8. Find the Laplace transform
Rt
(a) 0 sin aτ cos b(t − τ ) dτ .

Rt
(b) 0 sinh aτ cosh b(t − τ ) dτ .

Rt
(c) et 0 sin ωτ cos ω(t − τ ) dτ .

Rt
(d) et 0 e2τ sinh(t − τ ) dτ .

Rt
(e) 0 (t − τ )4 sin 2τ dτ .

Rt
(f) 0 (t − τ )7 e−τ sin 2τ dτ .

9. Find a formula for the solutions of the IVP.

(a) y 00 + 3y 0 + y = f (t), y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0.

(b) y 00 + 4y = f (t), y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0.

(c) y 00 + 6y 0 + 9y = f (t), y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = −2.

(d) y 00 + ω 2 y = f (t), y(0) = a, y 0 (0) = b.

(e) y 00 − 5y 0 + 6y = f (t), y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 3.

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10. Solve the integral equation
Rt
(a) y(t) = t − 0 (t − τ )y(τ ) dτ .

Rt
(b) y(t) = 1 + 2 0 cos(t − τ )y(τ ) dτ .

Rt
(c) y(t) = t + 0 y(τ )e−(t−τ ) dτ .

11. Use the convolution theorem to solve the integral

Rt
(a) 0 (t − τ )7 τ 8 dτ

Rt
(b) 0 (t − τ )6 τ 7 dτ

Rt
(c) 0 e−τ sin(t − τ ) dτ

12. Show that f ∗ g = g ∗ f .

13. Show that if p(s) = as2 + bs + c has distinct real zeros r1 and r2 then the solution of

ay 00 + by 0 + cy = f (t), y(0) = k0 , y 0 (0) = k1

is
r2 er1 t − r2 er2 t er2 t − er1 t
y(t) = k0 + k1
r2 − r1 r2 − r1
Z t
1
+ (er2 τ − er1 τ )f (t − τ ) dτ
a(r2 − r1 ) 0

14. For the above problem find a formula for the solution if the roots of p(s) are repeated and is
given by r, and when the roots are complex λ ± iω.