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Anatomy of Pregnancy
Pregnancy brings about many physical changes. The baby grows in your uterus supported by an
organ called the placenta. The placenta begins to form and grow at the time the fertilized egg
implants in the uterus. The placenta aids in the delivery of nutrients and oxygen the baby needs
for growth; it also helps remove waste products and produces hormones that support your
pregnancy.
When you are pregnant, you have up to 50% more blood in your bloodstream. This is so the
placenta and baby will receive enough blood to work well. If the placenta does not have enough
blood flowing through it, the uterus may become “irritable” and start contracting. The blood
vessels that bring blood to and from the placenta lie behind the uterus. When you lie on your
back later in pregnancy, the weight of the uterus and baby on these vessels may decrease the
amount of blood flow to the placenta. This is why your doctor or nurse asks you to lie on your
side, especially if you had preterm contractions. Lying on your side, or with a pillow or wedge
under your hip, will help prevent a drop in blood flow to the placenta and the oxygen flow to the
baby.
The baby floats inside the amniotic sac located inside your uterus. This sac is filled with a
watery fluid (amniotic fluid), which cushions the baby. This sac does not normally break until
labor begins.
Your cervix is located at the bottom of your uterus. During pregnancy, your cervix is pointed
toward the back of your vagina and is firm (like the tip of your nose) and closed. When labor
begins, the cervix begins to shorten and open. This allows the baby to pass from the uterus into
the vagina and then out of your body.
What is Preterm?
The length of pregnancy is counted from the first day of your last period. Your due date is
calculated as 40 weeks from the first day of your last period. Here are some other terms that are
used:
A miscarriage is a pregnancy that ends before 20 weeks
A delivery is a pregnancy that ends at or after 20 weeks
A term birth is delivery at or after 37 weeks
A preterm birth is delivery between 20 and 37 weeks
Emergency Situations
Sometimes, a problem can occur that needs immediate attention. If you notice any of the signs
below, CALL YOUR DOCTOR.
Bleeding If you have vaginal bleeding, a large gush or steady stream of bright red blood,
it is an emergency. Get help right away, lie on your side and put your feet higher than
your head. Save any pads or cloths used to catch the blood.
Rupture of the bag of water (amniotic sac) Sometimes the bag of water breaks
prematurely. If you notice a gush of fluid or a steady trickle, call your doctor. Note any
color or odor of the fluid and save pads if you go to the hospital.
Severe stomach pain If you have sharp, constant, severe pain that doesn’t go away when
you change position, with or without contractions or bleeding, call your doctor.
What is Labor?
Labor is the process by which the uterus contracts or tightens in a regular pattern and causes the
cervix to open and prepare for delivery. When both uterine contractions and cervical change
occur, you are in labor. If this occurs before 37 weeks, you are in preterm labor. The changes in
the cervix can be evaluated during a vaginal exam by your practitioner. The cervical changes
that occur during labor include: