DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISOIDIS 17836-2 sone ase s ‘Secretariat ANSI Yoting begins o: Yoting torminatos 2: 2or0s-04 aoroeon Non-destructive testing of welds — Radiographic testing — Part 2: X- and gamma-ray techniques with digital detectors Contéle non destruct dos assemblages sousés — Conte par radiceraphie — Parte 2 Teenniques pa ayons X ou gamma 8 Taide de detectors umriques Ics 26,160.40 ‘This tttnas boon desop win he EuopaanConmitoe tr Standaazston (CEN and pacessed| Uterine GENond mae of alaaraon ae ene te Vana Agent ‘Ris ea ny bie he 150 marr ose an ithe CEN maar asf apart! ‘Should his daft be accept a tna a, eal onthe tals of commer aed il be Storie operat woman appro! tein ISO a tna vlan CEN “To expedite devotion, tis document I circled a received rom tha sommes sacar {80 Cental Seerstanat wort of eating and text ompositon wi be undertaan at publeation| © Intemational Orgniaton fr Sanderson, 2010Iso1vis 176362 rob nds ee the onc ach se wbedod re Henan Yo and nated on the compe poms he dieg. A eg pr eBoy at ee fy. eC See Conran natce tis 180 document is # Ora ternational Standard ad is copyright protcted by ISO. Excpl ae period indar te applosie Ins ofthe users cour. eer fs ISO drat nor any exact fom may be screed, soed ina retrolaystem orirenemiodin any fom or y ny mean leone, stoaopy ng, recording or otherwise without pr watan pormsson balngsocaos requests or permision to reproduce shouldbe adresse to eth ISO atthe adrast below or 180’ emer by in tho county ofthe requester, 180 cong tion (Cavs postale $0 "CH-1211 Genova 20 Yel wt 22 7900 1 Fax $4522 7490887 mall copyright ion orp Web weary Reproducion maybe subject to royay payers oa cendng agreement. Viltors maybe prosacited.prENISO 17636-2:2010 (E) Contents Page Foreword : - = — “ Introduction : = eae 1 Scope : die wt 2 Normative reterences... 2 : 1 3 Terms and definitions y 7 2 4 Symbols and terms 7 ss 5 5 Classification of radiographic techniques. so 8 Ganera se - 6 5.4 Protection againai ionizing radiation outs 62 Surface preparation and stage of manuiacture 7 6 63 Location ofthe weld inthe radiograph on £4 dentication of ralogrephe! 0 om 5 65 Marking : : : 7 56 Overap of digital images. 7 £7 Types and positions of image quality indicators 7 6.3 Minimum image quit value ~ 3 69° Personnel qualfiestion.. te 7. Recommended techniques for making cial radiographs. cnn Ta Testarangements ncn aisles . 744 Gonera 8 7.12 Radiation source located in front ofthe object and with tho datecor a to opposite side (Gee Figure 1) = 17.13 Radiation source located cuts th abject and detector inside (eve Figures 2to 4) 3 144 Raclation soures contrally located Inside the abject and wit the detector outside (88 Figures Sto) ea 10 7.15 Radlation source located off-canire eid the object and detector oulsice (soe iguros 8 for) 7 nanan 1 118 Epica te Fg i ——= 12 TAT Perpendicular tochique 12 TAB Radiat source ocsed oui the obec and detector otha ae si Figures 130 18). z veel 1.1 Technique for dtr material thicknesses (ace Figure 18) 7 15 72° Choien of tue vatage an radiation source — 18 124 Keay dovicas up t 1000 KV nen eens 18 13. Datactor systems and metal screens, a : a7 134 Minimum normalized Signal-te Notee-Raio (SNR) i 132 Compensation principte 7 18 133 Seroons for Band shi = 18 TA Rilgnment of beam: oe anit 0 113. Reduction af seatered radiation 2 ” 2 154 Mota fiters and collimators Sa 152 Interception of backscattered radiation. oa 18 Sourceto-objectdstance. = ry 17 agniteation technique 2 1h Maximum area tra single exposure a 19. Processing ead 7.4 Scam and ead out of image 2 is 08s sane "prEN 180 17636-2:2010 (6) 1792. Calibration of DAS. sec 793 Bad pial nterpo 734° image processing ” 740. Monitor viewing conditions and storage of digital radiograph sven 8 Examination report = [Annex A (ntmat) Recommended numberof expest ‘ofa clreumferantal But Welds mee ‘Annex (normative) Minimum image quality values [Annex € (normative) Determination of basic spatial resolution “Annex D (namie) Determination of minimum grey values for CR practice. Dit Determination of normalized SNRy rom SNRmessured oc D2. Determination of minimum grey values ‘Annex E (informative) Grey value, general remarks Biography. esrENISO 17636-2:2010 ) Foreword SO (the Intemational Organization fr Standardization) i a wordwie federation of nana etandards bodies (080 member bodies), The wort of preparing htamatonal Standards normally saree aut toegh 150, technical coritoes, Each membar body intersted ina subject fr wich a tochncalcormtoe haa been testabchad has the right to be raresented on that commee,ntematonal organza, goveneral ord hongovernmental, in taisan wih ISO, also lake part ne work ISO ‘olaboates closly win the Intemational lctotechncal Commission (IEC) on allmatirs of elocoischricasardarizaton Intemational Standards are drafted in accordance with tho rues gra thaISOAEC Drectves, Pat 2. ‘The main task of tecnlal commits I o prpare Intemational Stands, rat international Sand adopts by tho tocinisal conmioes are eesinod to tho monboer bodies fer vag. Publetion Intemational Standard requres approval by at lsat 75 of tha memoer bodes cast a vote, ‘Attention is eau tthe possibly thet some af the elements ofthis dacaent may be the subject of patant ‘gts. ISO shal not be Red responsible or niyng ary orl such Fatnt es 150 17690-1 was prepared by Technical Commitee CENVTC 12%, Welding and ty Tachnesl Corsnitie ISO1TC 44, Walang and sled processes, Subcarmion SC 5 mn colaboraton “This second edition cancels and replaces the fist edon ISO 17636: 2008 which has been technically reves “The main changes re — normative rforoncs were updates — document was doit two pais where the present pati appeable or radiographic tasting with figtal tec: Xray dovcas up to 1 000 KY ware ince — normative Annex Con eterminaton of basi spatial resoiion was ae — noxatioe Annex 0 on detonation of misinum grey values for CR practon was introduc lofrative Annex E wth gonaal emer on grey vlues was added — documant was edly evsed 150 17636 consats of the following pans, under the general tle Nondasiucve testing of welds— Radiographic tasting — Part 1 x-ana gamma ray techniques th fin — Part 2%: ant gama ray techniques wih ctl detectorsPrEN ISO 17636-2:2010 (E) Introduction This standard epoxies fundamental echniques of radiography withthe obec of enabling Sst an ‘epestabe suet be obtanad economscaly. The tectmiques are based on generally raxgnzed prackoe fad endamenta! theory ofthe subs, inpecto a fsion wade ots with dial radegashie delecors. Digital detectors provide a pt grey value insge which canbe vowed and avtuatod wi computor ely ‘The pracice dovsrbes the recarmnended precodure for detucor sticton and radcgraphie prac, Sclecion of expat, software, manta, par and viewing conatons are‘mporant bt nt inthe main focus of tos sansa “Tne procese spect inthis standard, provides he minum eauvemants and pacts which permis to ‘xpoce an acquire ig adogrape wn oqutaont sony for detection ofmperectons a Am Fadlerophy, speci n part 1 of his standardDRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISOIDIS 1766-2 Non-destructive testing of welds — Radiographic testing — Part 2: X- and gamma-ray techniques with digital detectors 1 Seope “This European Standard species fundamental schiques of ata! rSography with the objct of enabling 4stsfactory and repestatie resuls to be obained economical. The fechnguee are Boted on general ‘fecoanizes practice and fnsamertal heey ofthe sues. ‘This standard appli to tho digital ractograpic examination of ion wolsed jens in metal materials. i apples to the joints of patos or pipes. Sesitos ts conventional meaning pipe" as wad inthis standard Should be understood to cower ther eyindsel bode such a tubes, gansta, bell drums and pressure ‘vessels. The standara compos wih EN 147642, ‘This Par of 1S0 17636 species the roquremens for gal radiographic X- nd gana ay testing by hor ‘computed raciography (CR) of racgraphy ity cptl datector arrays (00), othe wolsed nt of metale tubes forthe detection of mperactons, Digital detectors provide a dial grey value image which can be viowsd and evaluated on basie of a computor ani. This practic describes the rcommended produ for detctor seein sn radiographic bractee. Selecion of compute, sofware, mentor, pntr ad wen cantons are mportant but net tthe fain focus ofthis sardara. Th procedite spect nth standard, provses he imum cegulements an bractce which permits fo exposb and acquire gta radograpns with equivalent sana for detcton of Imperfections a im radiography anes speed i Part ft stancard. “This standard does not spect acceptance levels of he inccaions. conracting pares apply wer est rtra the quality achioved may be slniiarty lower than when this ‘standard is sity apes 2 Normative references. ‘The following referenced documents are indispensable forthe application of the document. For dood felerences, only the scion cited apples. For undated reference, the lates econ of te referenced Gocument including any amenaments) apes. EN 462-1, Nondestuctve testing. Image qually of raciogaphs. Part 1: Image qual idles (wie yp), Geterminaion ofimage aly vale EN 482.2, Non-ostucive testing Image qulty of radiographs, Part 2: Image qulty indlestor (stepnce ‘ype), Determination of mage quay vave, EN 482.5, Non deste testing, mage ually of racigrephs. Par S: nage qual indicators (duplex wie ‘ype, determination of mage ursharpeess val. N73, Nondsuetve testing — Qualification ond certicaton of NDT personnel — General poniesrEN 180 17636-2:2010 (E) EN 12543 (al pats), Non destuctive tsting — Characters of focal spats minus Xray systoms for tine inorder testing EN 12578, Nendesructve festng— Delerminaton of the size of India radognphe. souces — Fadographic method EW 14764-12005, Non destruc tasting — Industria compued recegaphy with stage aosphe aging plates ~ Part Classteaton of systems $0 5576, Non-destuctv testing — Industri Xray and gamma-ayradlogy — Vocabulay, 180.9712, Non dostntve testing — Qualification and caiicaton ef personne 80 19222-1, Non destructive testing — Image qualy of rasograpns — Part Image quay indicators (re ype) Detonation of age qual value 180 19232-2, Non-destuctve testing — mage qually of radiographs — Fart 2 image quay incstors {stepnae ype) - Determination a mage quality value 180 19232-9, Non-destuctve testing — Image qualiy of rdograptis~ Pat: Image cual classes for terous metals 150 19232-4, Non-destuctv tsting — mage quality of racographs — Part 4 Experian! evaluation of Image qualiy values and image quay anes 180 10232-5, Nomdestnctve tasting — Image quality of radlogranhs — Part: Image quality nacators [alex ma type) - Determination of mege unsharpness valve 3. Terms and definitions, For he purposes of ths document, te terms ard dtntons gan n SO 5576:1957 and the folowing spy. aa Computed adiography ‘Storage phosphor maging plato system Compile system of a storage phosphor mages plate P) and a coresponding read ou wnt (Scanner oF ‘aden, whch converts the oration of th Pn a gt inage 32 Soro oheeporinaging pate ‘otostinulabe unescent mater thats capable of string a tent radiographic images material being ‘examined and, upon simulation by 9 sour of fed specrum ight of appropiate wavelengh, wil eneate TGminessonce proportional to raaaon absorbs NOTE When prong omuted etary, an I used in eu tn, hen oso ectniques altos {Sasi fos geomet IP erate aa Gatactr. soucetndladorananse ot S00) a3 ‘iia detector array system DA system focrenie coves that cones loniing or penetrating radiation ino a state aay of fre subsoquaniy ciytees and arsed fo a campute for play as a dtl mage covesponding tothe Fadologie energy attr Inpated upon the inp region ofthe device a4 Siructure noise off “ruchre ue fo homegeneti inthe senaive layer (garinass) ond cutace of an IP 2 2180208 Aras rnanesPrENISO 17636-2:2010 (€) NOTE 1 _Aterscaming ote exoceed meg slate ne nhomogensties Soper a Cala had ta in ho Saline. NOTE 2 This mo ims he axinurn achievable image cual gt Fags ad ean be corpo wth ne ‘rnc ni open a _Stvcture de io dforent properties of etecter slants (ple) / NOTE. Atar readout oft exposed uncalerted ODA. The nhomogonsae appara cnr fod ptm ie Seat mem A Do case te cere bane sro oo Gre Pe a6 rey value Fume value of apelin a aigtal mage NOTE This picaly nerchangosbe wih he tem pe sue, Saeco” respond, ariel unt, ant (actor sa a7 linearised grey value rurere valve fa pil whichis croc inearsod proparinal to tho dtoctorexpssur dose and has the Vale zero tha detector was not exposed NOTE Tse nolo mixenengato wih etm nanos pl va, a nearod detec spat a8 ‘signalto-nolse ratio ‘uation of moan valve ofthe linearised grey values and standord dovtion of he inaarsed grey velues {hots} ina given gion ointarat na egal mage basic spatial resolution E cortecponds fo 6 ofthe measured imago unharpess in a cipal image and coresponds to the elective pitt so and ndicates he smallest goometial dtl, wei canbe roscvedn a ital image NOTE The moasuromortrunharposts seb in 150 162325, 560 oo ASTI E1000. a0 normalized signelto-noise ttle ‘SNR, normalized by Ihe basic spa resolution SR as measured dreely the oigtal mage andi eaeueted Worn measured SNRoaneng SNR, “SNR an (8860/52) aa ‘ontrastto-noiee ratio {uotent of he diferonce of the moan signal lvelsbotvaon two image areas andthe averaged standard ovation of he signal aves NOTE 1 doserbes 9 component ct ogo quay sé ends apposmaay on th padi of adoorahie ‘etn otic Sma ae CAR 9 gh rama SoprEN ISO 17636-2:2010(€) a2 dilasing Eitan that appear n an image when the spatial Foquency of ho input is higher than tho ouput is capable ‘treprodueng NOTE Tis woken appear ae ined sepped econ a ner as ol pats 7 an ) ‘iter kernel pols / KP Dre which do nothave 5 or mere goo neighbour pss ‘ominal thickness do not have to be fakon into omit ticks of he parent material only wher manufacturing tolerant soonunt 348 penetration thickness change “change of penetrated wal thickness relative to the nominal thickness due to beam angle a6 Penetratd thickness ‘ckness of mata in the decton ofthe radiation beam calculate on basis a he nominal ticeesses of ponetrated wats sar dbjectto-detecor distance : lengest (maximum) distance beeen the ration sie of he tat bjt ane the detector surface measired in ‘recon ote rodtaion| ase Source size : ‘eo of the radiation source (eM 12670199, dtton 2.1) fourcotordetectr distance S00 ‘Tstanca betweon th sou oration and he detect measuredn th direction ofthe beam Nore soo=y+8 4 / sedges evwathatnine £ fistnoe between he source of radon and the source side ofthe lst object, mos stant othe detector, measured slog he adation Dear 4 (2180299 tage sanarEN ISO 17636-2:2010 €) 21 diameter minal extraldamotsr of the pipe 4 Symbols and terms Forthe purposes of his standard, te symbols given in Table apply fe ieciodeace daianee oi ebjectio detector dtance perpondiouar oes object, (om duster kemel pls = (am const to-nose ra ce Computed raciooraphy a rare oe ca gia! dtecar ay iG eros ince Ir sourcodo-bject stance ___]perpentctaro test abject a Siorage phossfor maging pave s Resaton soos on Reraro-nose rao SRR rormaied igrarionoe ao SR ast spatial resluton 2 poneatin tcneae cage ‘georerio unsharpness inherent unaharpness Required mage unsharpaess otal age unsharpness| ‘magneton 7 pensaoetcnase (21802008 pharaanes 5rEN ISO 17636-2:2010 (E) 5 Classification of radiographic techniques “Te rasographl tciques ae ve into wo classes — Class A: bsitechriques — Chas improved teenies WN Class 8 techiques wil be used when class A might be suficlnty sansiive, 7 ‘eer techniques compared to las 8 are possible and may be agreed tetwesn the cBniacbng partos by spectction of al appropiate tet parameters “The choie of gl asographicechique sha be agred botwoon the coasting Bis. Neverthaless. he porepton of ws using fm aclography cr dgtlracogrsoh equiva by using dass ‘and case teconques, reepechvely. The perceptibly shal be owen by whe use ofl according 12 EN'462-, EN 4E2-2 ond EN 862-5 oF 192821, 20r-S for tecnica reasons, ts not possible o eet ane of the condiais seed for cass 8 such as typeof radiaion source orthe sourceio-bjet stance / may be agreed batween the conractg pares thatthe Condon oles may be that species for class A Tho loss of soneiviy shal be compensated by an Increase ot maimum gry value and SNR, for CR or SNR, for the ODA ecnique. Because of the bar "erat compared o ass A, the fet specimen may be regarded as examined wha css, tho caret Tal senstiniy fs ocheved. Ths cows not apy W the special SOD reductons ae decenbed in 7-8 for test farangomens 7 4/and 715 reused 6 General 6.4. Protection against ionizing radiation WARNING— Exposure of any part of the humen body to X-ays or gamma-ays can be highly Injurious to heath, Wherever X-ray equipmont or radioactive sourees are in use, spproprate legal quirements must be applied. Local ornationa or inemtinal safety prcautons when using lnzing radon shal be sicly apples. 62. Surface preparation and stage of manufacture In general surface preparation fat necessary, but where surface imporecions or coatings might cause “Stic detecting ceocs the srace shal be ound smcth ortho casings shal be roroved Unless othe spaced intl raciography shall Be care out afar the fal stage of manufacture, e9 or gening or haat tear 6.2 Location ofthe wold in the radiograph ere heal asographdoas not show the wold, high density markers shat be placed on ether sige of thewek. 64 Identification of radiographs ‘Symbols shall be affxed to each section of tho cbjoct boing digital adiogaphed. The images of these ‘Shmbols sal appearin tho dnl raiograph ouside the felon o!nerest whore posse and shal encure ‘ambiguous Klenteaon of he secon 6 ergo 20rENISO 17626-2:2010 (E) 65 Marking Permanent markings on the object o be examined shal be made inorder to accra locate the postion of ach tal radogreph Were the nature ofthe metal andr ts service conditions do not permit permanent making, the location maybe recorded by mears of accurate sketches 6 Overlap of eigital images \Wnen cigtaly raciographing an ara wth two or mor separate detactors (naa até). hey shal overlap ‘fcr fo ensure thatthe compsiaragion of interests dial radesraphon, Ths shal be verted by Fig donsty markor on the surface ofthe ojo! when wl appear on each gal mage the radographs wil be akon sequently, te high deny markor shall bo volo on each eth ratoarar. 6.7 Types and positions of image quality indicators (1!) “The quay of nage shal bo verified by use of As In accordance wih ISO 18252-1 a ISO 192522. ¥¥ appeabe, Ils in accordance with 1S0 19232-5 (dupe wre) shuld be used fr verification ofthe otal image uncharpness andlor basi spall rsolion, Tho dup wr 1) shal ba postoned few degrees ied (2:5) 10 he data rows or columns of tha dgeal mage. Ihe 1 posiioned 45" 1 the dal nes ors the obtained Il number shal be ecuoed by ene Ifthe dupox wire 1a canna be used forthe production rasograghs 2 gta reference mage shall taken to ‘measure the Basic spatalrsolvon of ho Used ital detector. The base spatial msauton or plex te ‘al shal bo delemined o very, the vses hafdwere fn agreement wth the required values forthe Inspected minimum mates thesness as specied in table 6.13 or B.1d, The measured base Spatial Fesoluton (see Annex A er EN 1478-1) shal not sxcood the value it Tables 83or 8.14 for hat mae ‘hiomess, For sige Image nspecion the angle wal thckness shall bo vsod in Tables B13 and 8.14. For double mage mepeeton se Spectod sx Fepzes 12 oF 73 the pipe clameler can be ised instead of ho wall "hanes for solcton of rues maximum base spatial rasllon af minimum cle wre number. "tot eyo il op tt ead y of a, arc wih he pee appteaton as gvenin Tables B. To B 12 (so aso ISO 10202-1 or 190 19232-)-The single wre ors hole ts use, sal be placed profraby onthe source sie of We lest cbject at he conta ofthe area ot Interest onthe parent ma beside he weld. The 1 shal bo in lose contact win the surface ofthe joe. ts locaton shal be in Section OF uiform tckness characterized by @unfcem gay value ean) in the ‘igtal mage, According to tho 10 ype used, two casos hall be considered 8) When using single wie IG! the wios shall bo direct porpendcuar othe wed andi location sha ‘ensure tat a ast 10 rem of he wr ong wl how in 2 section of unon ey val or SHR, which inthe parent eal adjacent fo the wol. At oxposures in seoordance wih 7-18 and 1117 the "Ol canbe placed with tbe ies across to the pipe ae ard thay should not be aojctas it the age ofthe wala ») When using a stpmote ait shal place n such way hat tha hoe number repured is placed close fo the we, A exposuras in accordance with 71.6 and 717 the IO ype vse can be placed ether on the source oon ‘ha datecr ade Ihe 10s cannot be plased in aotordance th the above condone, he 1a i be placed {an the deletor side and the mage qualy sal be detarminea al least once om carparison excoaur ih ‘oe It placed atte source de and oneal he detector sie ence tre some condos Foc double wat exposures, when he 10s placad onthe detctr eto, the above eis nat necessary and in thes caso shouldbe refered fo abies of coraspandence given a nies (018020 gh rasenes 7rEN ISO 17636-2:2010 (E) Were the IOs ae placed at te detactar sia, the liter "F shal be placed near the Inland it shal be remared he ts eport stops have been taken to guarenae tht ipa ndlograpns or smartest bjcts and regone am proces vith Werte! exposure ae processing echniques and no dsorencos nthe image qual vs atoll. the Image quaty need not be vried for evry Sigal ralograph, the extnt of frage quay veiaion bg ‘ute o agteoment beeen th contacting partes. " For exposures of pipes wih ameter 200 mm and above wth the source canraly lost teat tra Ile Should be placed equally spaced atthe crcumferonce, Tho detectoys) showing Fal images are ten ‘orslered feprventave for he wheleccumference, 6.8. Minimum image quality values ‘ebles 8.1 t2B.14 In AnnoxB show the minimum gusty values for metalic (atria For oer matras these. requremenis. of corresponding roquroments may be agreed upon by contrading partes. The ‘quirements shal be determined in acsordance wits ISO 19232-4 |e or tp ole sin accordance to ISO 192521 or-2 shall bo use fr 3 production adographs. [Adduonaly dupe wie 1s (ISO 192525) shal be used by users 2s sped jn AnnecC (se also EN {7941 2005, 6.3) for determination of Base spatial image fesotuton for Hnago unzbarrness) for al fedlopopts, exposed mils geome rnageeaion tacinque, and for detocor sualiison to eect the ‘Sone! dett detector andor magneton in accordance a Tablas 8.13 or 16 Dhl refeenceratlographe shal be taken wih pate ofthe smalls! thickness to be rsiographod inthe Sposimon and wid fais for maseurng of contest senssiviy as ISO 192321 00 -2 and wih Ile a5 i80 122825 for measuring of ho base spate oseuton of to dtacor system or he image magnilstion technique used to quay the tocrique depending on the Inspected mater, the materi hikes, the {eed adaon quay, ers, sereans and he wed Sotoctr. 69. Personnel qualification Personne! pefonring nondestciva sxaminnton ip accordance with his standard shal be quad in Scuordance mth [60 3790 oF EN-473 or equvaent fo an appropriate level inte flea nus Sector {he personnal shal rove sectoral raining équaleston in gl ndusalrailogy. 7 Recommended techniques for making digital radiographs TA. Test arrangements TAA General Nonmaly eit radiographic tecniquésin scardonce wh 7121071. shall bo used ‘Tho elipical tecrique (double watldouble image) in accordance wih Figure 11 should not be used fr ‘pternal dameter D> 100 mm, wal thickness > 8 mmo weld wth > De! 4. Two 90° ceplaced images ‘re sulicent 1D, = 0,12, The tance blween the wo weld projcns shallbe about ene weld with “When iis dieu camry out an eligi examination at Dy < 100 mm, te perpendicular technique Ia bccordance wth 7.17 may be sed (see Figure 12). n his cave, thee exposures 120 or 60° apart are rogured Fortes arargemonts in acordance wih Figures 11.13 and 14, the inclination of he beam shall be Kept as “sl at poanla and be such ast paver sypesmposiin ofthe two Images. The saute object tance, ‘Shale kept as sates posable, in secon wh 76, The IO shall be placed cose tho detector wih Seadletae'prEN ISO 17636-2:2010 (€) Other digital raciographic tchniques may be agreed by tha contacting partes when it is stu, efor rosa ike the goomaty of the pees or flernes in mato icine In 7. anaxampe cf such a case Is presented NOTE In Amex A th misimum nue of digs raographs necessary vn nec ois an scarab ‘apophiceomrnge othe tn reamirece of abut wed De Imoging plates shallbe placed as close tothe object as poss, floxbiecassetes are not applicable and rg cassette or planar dg! decor ays ae US6d as shown in Figures 2,8, 13b and 1, th source fo decor distance shal be calculated fom tha wall thickness F lnc the Inrgest distance ofthe detecor fo the source side suraco ofthe abort bara he focal spot see oF Source size, as spoctiod n 7-8, equations (3) and 1.12 Radaton source located in front ofthe object and with te detector at the opposta side (see Figure 1) Key radiation source Detector Figure 1 —Tost arrangement for plane welds and singlewall penstration 7.13, Ratlation source located outsids the object and detctor inside (ee Figuas 240.4) | —— 8) th curved detectors b) man planar etectors Figure 2— Test arrangement for singlewall penetration of curved objects 0.2200 anaes °prEN ISO 17636-2:2010(€) Figure 4—Test arrangement for TAA _ Radiation source centrally lc Figures Sto) 10 isoznm suet enesrENISO 17636-2:2010 (E) Figure 7 —Testazengement fer single-wait ration of curved objec (se-on wold) 74.8. Radiation source located offcentre Inside the. at and detector outside (ae figures 8 to 10) , oe 2 o ° 4 = rr a SS } ‘ Py 4 iy } ! 5 5 5 5 win coved ators wth planar cetectrs Figure 8 — Tes arrangement for single-all penetration of curved objects 180 28 ana raane "