Lesson 1

I. Computing, Information Technology

and the Industries

Figure 1.
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II. Terminology
 COMPUTING
 TECHNOLOGY
 INFORMATION
 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Computing
 Process of using computer technology to complete a given goal-oriented task.
 A branch of engineering science that deals with the systematic study of algorithmic
processes, which are used to describe and transform information.
 WHAT CAN BE SUCCESSFULLY OPERATED?

Technology
 The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry.
 Collection of techniques, skills, methods, and processes used in the production of goods
or services or in the accomplishment of objective.
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Information
 Data as processed, stored, or transmitted by a computer.

Information Technology
 a business sector that deals with computing, including hardware, software,
telecommunications and generally anything involved in the transmittal of information or
the systems that facilitate communication.

III. Industry Application of Information

Technology
 HOME  ENGINEERING
 SCIENCE  ENTERTAINMENT
 HEALTH & MEDICINE  MEDIA & ARTS
 EDUCATION  COMMUNICATION
 GOVERNMENT  COMMERCE

Figure 2. Application in Education Figure 3. Application in Education

Figure 4. Application in
Commerce
Figure 6. Application in Medicine Figure 5. Application in Media & Arts
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IV. Industry Application of Information

Technology
 Computer Theory  Computer Vision
 Algorithms  Big Data
 Cryptography  Neural Networks
 Distributed Computing  Networking
 Cloud Computing  Platform Technologies
 Computational Learning  User Interface Design

Computer Theory
 Branch of computer science concerned with finding out how efficiently a given problem
can be solved on a model computer using a given algorithm.

 Computability theory is concerned with finding out whether or not a problem is solvable
with a finite number of computations.

 Complexity Theory deals with finding out how much time an algorithm will take to solve
a problem based on how many elements are involved with the computation.

 Formal languages are a way of talking about languages in the abstract.

 Formal languages are a set of strings of symbols that may be constrained by rules that
are specific to it.

Algorithms
 An explicitly described method for solving a problem.
 Set of sequential steps in solving a problem.

Figure 7. Example of Algorithms

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Cryptography
 science of encrypting data
 offers data security especially sensitive information

Figure 8. Data Encryption

Distributed Computing
 Means of breaking up a complex problem, distributing the pieces to various computers
across a network (usually the Internet), and having them work on the problem
concurrently until the problem is solved.

Figure 9. Network Distribution

Cloud Computing
 Cloud computing is a recent trend in IT that moves computing and data away from
desktop and portable PCs into large data centers.

Figure 10. Cloud Storage

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Computational Learning
 Field that is dedicated to the development of algorithms and techniques that allow
computers to adapt an algorithm based on inputs.
 Software engineering falls on this.

Figure 11. Weather forecast using Computational Learning

Computer Vision
 Field of computer science in which the goal is to process video or still images and
produce from them a representation of the world.
 Graphics, gaming and multimedia fall under this.

Figure 12. X-ray Scanning falls on Computer Vision

BIG data
 Collection, organization and analysis of large amounts of data

Figure 13. YT's Recommendation is considered as Big Data.

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Artificial Intelligence (A.I)

 Artificial intelligence agents that simulate biological neuron structures to process inputs
and produce outputs.

Figure 14. Artificial Intelligence

Networking
 Manage networks between computers worldwide.

Figure 15. Computer Network

User Interface Design

 Process of making interfaces in software or computerized devices with a focus on looks
or style.

Figure 16. Graphical User Interface.

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V. Professional Career in Computing

 Database Administrators  Computer and Information Systems
 Information Security Specialist Managers
Analysts  Computer and Information Research
 Network and Computer Systems Scientists
Administrators  Computer Network Architects
 Software / Application Developers  Computer Programmers
 Web Developers  Computer Support Specialists
 I.T. Educators  Computer Systems Analysts

1. Computer and Information Systems Manager

 Plan, coordinate, and direct computer-related activities in an organization.
 Help determine the information technology goals of an organization and are responsible
for implementing computer systems to meet those goals.
 Chief Information Officers (CIOs) determine the technology or information goals of
an organization and then oversee implementation of technology to meet those goals.
 Chief Technology Officers (CTOs) evaluate new technology and determine how it
can help their organization. When both CIOs and CTOs are present, the CTO usually has
more technical expertise.

Figure 18. Benjamin Fried CIO at Google Figure 17. Kevin Scott CTO at Microsoft

 IT directors help to determine the business requirements for IT systems, and they
implement the policies that have been chosen by top executives.
 IT security managers plan security policies and promote a culture of information
security throughout the organization.

2. Computer and Information Research Scientists

 Invent and design new approaches to computing technology and find innovative uses for
existing technology.
 Study and solve complex problems in computing for various fields and industries.
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 Data science: write algorithms that are used to detect and analyze patterns in very
large datasets.
 Robotics: explores how a machine can interact with the physical world.
 Programming: design new programming languages that are used to write software.

Figure 19. Robotics

3. Computer Network Architects

 Design and build data communication networks, including local area networks (LANs),
wide area networks (WANs), and Intranets ranging from small connections between two
offices to next-generation networking capabilities such as a cloud infrastructure that
serves multiple customers.

Figure 20. Network Architects

4. Computer Programmers
 Write and test code that allows computer applications and software programs to function
properly.
 Turn the program designs created by software developers and engineers into instructions
that a computer can follow.

Figure 21. A Happy Programmer?

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6. Computer Support Specialists

 Provide help and advice to computer users and
organizations.
 Support computer networks.
 Provide technical assistance directly to computer
users.
 Computer Network Support Specialists:
 Also known as Technical Support Specialists
 Analyze, troubleshoot, and evaluate computer
network problems Figure 22. CSR or Call Centre Agents.
 Computer User Support Specialists:
 Also known as Help Desk Technicians
 provide technical help to non-IT computer users

5. Computer System Analysts

 Sometimes called systems architects.
 Studies an organization’s current computer systems and
procedures, and design solutions a more efficient and
effective operations.
 Brings business and information technology (IT) together
by understanding the needs and limitations of both. Figure 23. CSA work

 Software quality assurance (QA) analysts:

 in-depth testing and diagnose problems of the systems to meet critical requirements
 write reports to management recommending ways to improve the systems
 Programmer analysts:
 design and update their system’s software and create applications tailored to their
organization’s needs

7. Data Administrators
 use specialized software to store and organize data
 make sure that data are available to users and secure from
unauthorized access
 System DBAs:
Responsible for the physical and technical aspects of a database Figure 24. Data Admins

 Application DBAs:
Support a database that has been designed for a specific application or a set of applications.
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8. Information Security Analysts

 Plan and carry out security measures to protect an
organization’s computer networks and systems from
cyber-attacks.

Figure 25.Information Security Analyst

in his environment

9. Information Security Analysts

 Organize, install, and support an organization’s computer
systems, including local area networks (LANs), wide area
networks (WANs), network segments, intranets, and
other data communication systems.
 Figure 26. ISA installing Network.

10. Software Developers

 Develop the applications that allow people to do specific
tasks on a computer or another device.
 Develop the underlying systems that run the devices or
that control networks.
 System SDs:
Figure 27. System Developer in his
Create the systems that keep computers workplace
functioning properly such as operating systems and system interface.
 Application SDs:
Design computer applications such as games, office program suites even custom-
made programs for companies.

11. Web Developers

 Design and create websites.
 Responsible for the site’s technical aspects, such as
its performance and capacity.
 Create website content.
 Often have programming and graphic design skills.
Figure 28. Coding a Website
 Back-end WDs: website overall technical
construction.
 Front-end SDs: website interface.
 Webmasters: maintain websites and keep them updated.
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VI. Important Qualities

 Analytical skills. Analyze problems and consider and select the best ways to solve
them.
 Business skills. Develop and implement strategic plans to reach the goals of their
organizations.
 Communication skills. Explain their work to top executives and give clear
instructions to their subordinates or teammates.
 Decision-making skills. Make important decisions about how to allocate resources in
order to reach their organizations’ goals.
 Leadership skills. Lead and motivate IT teams or departments so that workers are
efficient and effective.
 Organizational skills. Coordinate the work of several different IT departments or
teams to make the organization run efficiently.
 Critical-thinking skills. Can work on many complex problems.
 Detail oriented. Pay close attention to their work, because a small error can cause an
entire project to fail.
 Ingenuity. Continually come up with innovative ways to solve problems, particularly
when their ideas do not initially work as intended.
 Logical thinking. Talent for reasoning because computers rely on logic.
 Math skills. Knowledge of advanced math and other technical topics that are critical in
computing.
 Interpersonal skills. Can work with different types of employees to successfully
design and implement computer and information networks.
 Concentration. Focus at work to achieve the deliverables.
 Troubleshooting skills. Check for errors and fix any they find.
 Customer-service skills. Patient and sympathetic as helping people who are
frustrated with the software or hardware they are trying to use.
 Listening skills. Understand the problems described by the clients or co-workers and
know when to ask questions to clarify the situation.
 Problem-solving skills. Identify both simple and complex computer problems,
analyze them, and solve them.
 Speaking skills. Describe the solutions to computer problems in a way that even a
nontechnical person can understand.
 Lesson 1

 Writing skills. Strong writing skills are useful for preparing instructions and email
responses for employees and customers, as well as for real-time web chat interactions.
 Creativity. An ability to “think outside the box” is important with finding innovative
solutions to computer problems.
 Multitasking skills. Work on many problems and tasks at the same time.

VII. References

 https://www.techopedia.com/definition
 https://www.iup.edu/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=195331
 https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/home.htm
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VIII. Exercises

1. This quality defines on how IT identify both simple and complex computer problems,
analyze them, and solve them.
a.) Ingenuity
b.) Concentration
c.) Analytical Skill
d.) Problem-Solving Skills
2. This quality defines how IT explain their work to top executives and give clear
instructions to their subordinates or teammates.
a.) Communication Skill
b.) Writing Skill
c.) Speaking Skill
d.) Interpersonal skill
3. Continually come up with innovative ways to solve problems, particularly when their
ideas do not initially work as intended.
a.) Problem solving skills
b.) Analytical Skills
c.) Concentration
d.) Ingenuity
4. Pay close attention to their work, because a small error can cause an entire project to fail.
a.) Troubleshooting skill
b.) Detail-oriented skill
c.) Analytical Skill
d.) Problem Solving skill
5. Understand the problems described by the clients or co-workers and know when to ask
questions to clarify the situation.
a.) Listening Skill
b.) Concentration Skill
c.) Speaking Skill
d.) Communication skill
6. Responsible for the Site’s technical aspects, such as its performance and capacity.
a.) Database Analyst
b.) Data Administrators
c.) Software Developer
d.) Web Developer
7. Means of breaking up a complex problem, distributing the pieces to various computers
across a network (usually the Internet).
a.) User Interface Design
b.) Networking
c.) Distributed Computing
d.) Big Data
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8. Refers to the processed facts of data.

a.) Datum
b.) Data
c.) Information
d.) System
9. This is a collection Information that usually are used in YouTube Recommendations and
etc…
a.) Artificial Intelligence
b.) Big Data
c.) Cloud Computing
d.) Distributed Computing
10. A business sector that deals with computing, including hardware, software,
telecommunications and generally anything involved in the transmittal of information or
the systems that facilitate communication.
a.) Information System
b.) Technology
c.) Information Technology
d.) System
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