The Elements of Culture that are represented in the film

‘MUMBAKI’
Material Culture – In the film, the material they used was their clothes (which is bahag) and the
weapons they used for protecting their tribe.

Language – The Ifugaos talk to their Gods in different language which only them can
understand.

Sanctions – The Ifugaos have this type of bylaw which the one who violates the norms will
receive a punishment.

Laws – They also have rules, when they make an agreement, it must be executed. Just like the
scene of the Father Joseph’s tribe and the Alimit’s tribe, they make an agreement of sharing trees for
their needs but Alimit’s tribe was treacherous. They break their agreement and it started the war between
them.

Values – In the film, they showed the good and bad habits of the people in the movie. The good
habits was often shown by Dr. Felix Lorenzo, even though he’s not an Ifugao, he cares for the other
Ifugaos and treat himself as an Ifugao. The bad habits shown by the Ifugaos in the both tribe which
cause a chaos between them.

Folkways – In the film, Ifugaos have rituals. The first ritual that was shown was the death ritual,
which all of the male Ifugaos dance and walk from the bottom and top of the mountain to show respect
for the dead. Secondly, the feast they make when they cut the head of their foe.

Norms – In the film, there are some unquestionable standard of their culture. For example, the
part of the film where Joseph was possessed by their ‘baki’(God) which is his grandfather. That is one of
their unquestionable standard. The other one was the way they dance to praise their “baki’s”(Gods) to
show their love and seek for guidance.

Belief – The main belief of Ifugaos in the film was their ‘BAKI’ which means God. They believe
in Gods. In terms of their health, they call their bakis’ to heal them.

Mores – In the film, they show how Ifugaos behave and how they interact which each other.
Some knows how to deal with the right and wrong decisions in life just like Joseph did.

Technology – The film shows how the medical equipment of doctors in the tribe.