ALPHABET OF LINE

Is list of line symbols that engineers use in technical drawings communicate specific shape, sizes and surfaces.

1. OBJECT OR VISIBLE LINES – Thick dark line use to show outline of object, visible edges and surfaces.

2. CONSTRUCTION LINE – Very light and thin line use to construct layout work.

3. DIMENSION LINE – Thin and dark lines use to show the size (span) of an object with a numeric value. Usually
terminates with arrowheads or tick markings.

4. HIDDEN LINE – Short dash lines use to show non visible surfaces. Usually shows as medium thickness.

5. CENTRE LINE – Long and short dash lines. Usually indicates centre of holes, circles and arcs. Line is thin and dark.

6. EXTENSION LINE – Thin and dark line use to show the starting and ending of dimension.

7. CUTTING PLANE LINE – Extra thick line use to show cutaway views or plane of projection where a section view is
taken. Arrow indicates direction of view.

8. SHORT AND LONG BREAK LINES –Short and long medium line use to show cutaway view of a long section.

9. LEADER LINE – Medium line with arrowhead to show notes or label for size or special information about a feature.

10. PHANTOM LINE – Long line followed by two short dashes use to show alternate position of a moving part.

11. SECTION LINE – Medium lines drawn at 45 degrees use to show interior view of solid areas of cutting plane line.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

FRONTAL PLANE
- Such a plane which is placed in front of an object, while projections are drawn, is called the Frontal plane.

HORIZONTAL PLANE
- This is a plane which is placed upward or downward in the horizontal position of an object. Top view of the
object is constructed on this plane.

PROFILE PLANE
- Such a plane which is placed to the right or left of an object. Side view of the object is drawn on this
plane.
FRONT VIEW
- This view is prepared by placing the object in front.
TOP VIEW
- This view is prepared by looking to the object from the upper side.
SIDE VIEW
- This view is prepared by looking to the object from the left or right side.
DIMENSIONING
- Are given on drawings by extension lines, dimension lines, leaders, figure, notes, and symbols.
NOTES
- Are to simplify of complement dimensioning giving information on a drawing in condensed and
systematic manner.