Cairo Governorate              Department : English 

Nozha Directorate of Education           Form             : 6th  Primary  
    Nozha Language Schools                          Revision Sheet   
  “Ismailia Road” Branch                          Second Term 

Unit 8
* New Words :
pollution making air , water , earth harmful to people , animals and plants .
waste a wrong use of money , substances , time , energy and abilities .
a survey an examination of opinions , behaviours made by asking people questions
a questionnaire a written list of questions given to a number of people for collecting data .
energy the power taken from something such as electricity or heat or the capacity
of doing work .
wild life animals and plants that grow independently of people
refillable (adj.) can be filled again .
reuseable (adj.) can be used again .
materials (n) a physical substance with things that can be made from .
shrubs a plant with many small branches .
a passenger someone who is travelling in a vehicle but is not driving it .
dripping taps the falling water of taps .
- care about be interested in sth .
- find out discover .
- cut down decrease – make it less .
- cut down on make the best use of something .

* New structure
Shall past should
Should = ought to
Can past could
Necessity “ present”[ has to / have to / must / need to ]
“ Past” [ had to ]
Absence of Necessity doesn’t have to / don’t have to /
don’t need to - doesn’t need to needn’t + inf.

1
Choose the correct answer :
1. Cigarettes , cars , and buses cause [ portion – pollution – devotion ] to the
environment
2. Using [ refillable – throwaway – re-usable ] pens is not green .
3. Some children want to do a [ homework – survey – selection ] about keeping
their school green , others think a questionnaire is a better idea .
4. We should put waste in the [ rubbish bin – bed room – cage ] .
5. I should turn [ on – off – up ] the lights before I go out .
6. If you want to keep your school green , you should use [ throwaway – re-usable – plastic ] bags .
7. Cars , buses and trains are means of [ transplant – transport – sport ] .
8. We should cut [ on – down – to ] waste .
9. Radios need [ mobile – batteries – TVS ] to work .
10. [ Dripping – Dragging – Digging ] taps waste a lot of water , so we should fix them .
11. Christopher wants to save the forest in order to save [ the school – the city – the wild life ] .
12. Refillable pens are [ throwaway – re-usable – glass ] pens .
13. [ Bicycles – Cars – Metros ] cause pollution .
14. Pollution is bad for the [ wild life – cars – buses ] .
15. Put the waste in the [ litter – letter – leather ] bin .
16. The [ waste – wasp – wash ] from the factory was taken away in lorries .
17. This [ graph – grape –grave ] shows the population growth over 50 years .
18. Using [ chemicals – chemists – chemistry ] pollutes the environment .
19. There are lots of grass , trees and [ shrubs – shrimps – shrink ] in the wild life .
20. You can ride your bike here , but [ watch out – take out – put out ] the cars !
21. She should [ go – goes – going ] to school on time .
22. I [ will help – helped – helping ] you next week .
23. You [ should – mustn't – ought to ] play with knives .
24. How [ shall we – we shall – did we ] travel to Alex. tomorrow ?
25. I [ ought to – shouldn't – couldn't ] help my parents .
26. We [can – will – could ] come back early yesterday .
27. She must [ help – helps – helped ] her mother .
28. They [ leaves – leaving – will leave ] tomorrow morning .
29. We [ can – could – will ] fix the TV yesterday .
30. You [ ought not to – ought to – shouldn't ] be quiet in class .
31. [ Do – Will – Must ] you help me , please ?
32. She [ can – is – was ] ride a bike .
33. I [ am – can – must ] go now , I'm late .
34. He [ couldn't - wasn't – mustn't ] swim , when he was young .
35. [ Could – Must – Had ] you tell me the way to the bank .
2
* Give one word for :
1. Something done to examine people's opinions through asking questions .
………………………
2. The power from something such as heat or electricity .
………………………
3. A wrong use of money , substances , time , energy and abilities
.………………………
4. Animals and plants that grow independently of people .
………………………
5. A written list of questions given to a number of people for collecting information
………………………
6. Can be filled again . ………………………
7. Making [ air , water , earth ] harmful to people , animals and plants
.…………………
8. A plant with many small branches . ……………………
9. A person who is travelling in vehicle but is not driving it .
…………………….
10. The falling water of taps . ………………..…..

* Complete the following sentences :

1. The school throws away a lot of ………………
2. It is important to save water and watch out for ………………
3. ………….. pens are not good for a green school .
4. We use ……………….. to calculate numbers .
5. We should put waste in ……………………
* Re-write the following sentences using the words in brackets :
1. I will go to the zoo on foot . [ How ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
2. She will help me . [ not ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
3. I help my mother . [ just ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
4. I've just finished . [ not ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Dina visits her uncle once a week . [ How ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
6. It is necessary to do my homework . [ must ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
3
7. Mona has to be at home by night . [ need ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
8. Ahmed has to eat healthy food . [ mustn’t ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
9. Yes ; we ought to go now . [ Ought ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
10. It isn’t necessary to play computer now . [ oughtn’t to ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
11. You can’t stay here . [ must ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
12. I need to do the washing up . [ needn’t ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
13. You should drive slowly . [ needn’t ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
14. We have to take the bus . [ not ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
15. We need to go to the supermarket today . [ not ]
………………………………………………………………………………..

4
 Unit 9
* New Words :
mathematician a person who studies and teaches numbers .
tailor someone whose job is to adjust, repair and make clothes .
inventor a person who designs or creates something which has never been
made before .
rooster male chicken .
gravity the force which attracts any object to wards the ground .
rotors a part of a machine that spines . The spinning blades of a helicopter .
an oil rig large structure with equipment for removing oil from under the
ground , esp. under the sea .
astronauts a person who has been trained for travelling in a space craft
- bend move the upper part of your body down .
- smash break to small pieces
* Structure
( Relative Pronouns )
( who / which / that )
- James Watt was a scientist who invented a steam engine .
- Ibn El Haytam invented a camera which used light .
- A helicopter is a machine that flies .
* Choose the correct answer :
1. [ An invitation – An inventor – An explorer ] is someone who invents new things
2. Newton was an [ explorer – mathematician – teacher ] .
3. A [ baker – scientist – tailor ] uses a sewing machine .
4. A [ foster – rooster – toaster ] a male chicken .
5. A helicopter has [ rotors – wings – swings ] .
6. Newton discovered [ America – gravity – ability ] .
7. Watt invented a method of copying letters using a special [ pink – ink – milk ] .
8. TVS , radios and cameras are [ inventions – toys – discoveries ] .
9. A [ pilot – tailor – mathematician ] is someone who is very good at calculating numbers .
10. The thieves [ broke – booked – barked ] into the house during the night and took the hi.fi .
11. She dropped the plate and it [ smashed – smuggled – smelt ] completely.
12. This is the thief [ who – which – whose ] stole my bag .
13. Dina has a rooster [ who – which – whose ] is dark brown .

5
14. The car hit the boy [ which – who – whose ] was going to school .
15. Ahmed is the boy [ who – which – whom ] runs the fastest .
16. Huda is the girl [ who – which – whom ] smiles a lot .
17. That is the dog [who – which – whose ] bit my sister .
18. My uncle has a cat [ who – which – whom ] is very calm .
19. Snow White ate the apple [ who – which – whom ] was poisonous .
20. Alia is the girl [ which – who – whom ] broke the window .
21. That is the house [ who – whose – that ] Jack built .
22. The farmer [ who – whose – which ] cow got lost in the market was sad .
23. [ Who – Whose – Which ] one of these boys is your friend ?
24. I lost my new camera [ which – who – whose ] was expensive .
25. The picture [ that he drew it – which he drew it – which he drew ] was very nice .
26. The new apartment [ in which we live – which we live – which we live in it ] is very big .
* Give one word
1. The spinning blades of a helicopter . ………………………..
2. A person who designs or creates something which has never been made before .
………………………..
3. The force which attracts any object towards the ground . ………………………..
4. Someone whose job to adjust , repair and make clothes . ………………………..
5. A person who studies and teaches numbers . ………………………..
6. Male chicken . ………………………..
7. A space man . ……………………….
8. Something that is used for removing oil from underground , esp. under the sea .
………………………..
* Complete the following sentences :
1. Isaac Newton discovered ………………………………………….
2. …………………. is a male chicken .
3. A helicopter has ………………….. instead of wings .

6
* Re-write the following sentences using the words in brackets :
1. My uncle has a dog . It is very dangerous . [ which ]
……………………………………………………………………
2. Isaac Newton was a mathematician . He discovered gravity . [ who ]
……………………………………………………………………
3. The ox chased the boys . They were playing in the field . [ who]
……………………………………………………………………
4. Mona always eats fish and chips . [ not ]
……………………………………………………………………
5. They were playing football when it rained . [ football ]
……………………………………………………………………
6. The children will go to club next week . [ where ]
……………………………………………………………………
7. A widow is a woman . Her husband is dead . [ whose ]
……………………………………………………………………
8. The police caught the boy . He stole the lady's purse . [ who ]
……………………………………………………………………
9. This is the house . My uncle built it . [ which ]
……………………………………………………………………
10. Alexandria is a nice city . You can enjoy your time there . [ where ]
……………………………………………………………………
11. I fed the cat . Its kittens are black . [ whose ]
……………………………………………………………………
12. They went to the park . It was crowded . [ which ]
……………………………………………………………………
13. She bought a car . [ use : just ]
……………………………………………………………………

7
 Unit 10
New Voc. :
cycling : a sport of riding bikes .
skipping : jumping
massage : the action of rubbing someone's body with your hands to make
muscles relax .
weight (n) : heaviness of a stated amount .
weigh (v) : to measure the heaviness of an object .
over weight (adj) : too heavy or fat .
anxious : worried
tense : stressed
diet : a plan to eat only certain kinds of food for personal or medical reasons .
go on diet
come up with : to think of a certain idea .
cut down on : to make the best use of sth .
cut down : to decreased to make less
plenty : enough or more than enough .
steamed : cooked with steam .
fried : cooked with oil .
boiled : cooked with water .
grilled : cooked by fire .
pant : to breathe quickly.
relieve : (v) to put someone at ease .
tired : exhausted
New Structure
( First & Second Conditional )
* First conditional :
If + present simple will + inf .
Ex.
- If you boil your food you will lose a lot of vitamins .
- She will harm her teeth , if she eats too much sugar .
* Second Conditional :
If + past simple would + inf .
8
Ex.
- If you exercised before bedtime , you would sleep better .
- She would lose weight , if she had a good diet .

I- Choose the correct answer :

1. Meat and fish belong to [ energy food – body building food – fresh fruits ] .
2. Fresh fruits and vegetables contain lots of [ proteins – vitamins – hormones ] .
3. Rice and chocolate bars are [ energy foods – body building food – vegetables ].
4. Dalia is worried [ about – at – over ] her exam results .
5. A [ message – massage – mirage ] is a good way to feel relaxed .
6. Tea , coffee and cola keep you [ sleepy – awake – asleep ] at night .
7. [ Milk – Fruit – Rice ] is a body –building food .
8. If you exercise hard , you will need more [ water – fish – milk ] .
9. Mum is [ cross – crossing – across ] with Adam because he doesn't study well .
10. The doctor told me to get more [ vitamin – vital – visual ] A and C .
11. Coco is a [ fizzy – lazy – noisy ] drink .
12. Smoking can damage your [ health – healthy – heart ] .
13. It's important to [ exercise – exhaust – exist ] regularly .
14. The doctor told her that she was [ over weight – overtake – overall ] and she should do more
exercise .
15. You'll be overweight if you eat [ fried – died – lied ] food .
16. A healthy [ diet – dial – digit ] is a plan to eat only certain kinds of food .
17. He took a deep [ breath – breathe – breast ] and dived into water .
18. People like to [ breathe – breath – breast ] the fresh sea air .
19. She has been trying to lose [ wait – weight – wheat ] for months .
20. If you boil your food , you [ lose – would lose – will lose ] a lot of vitamins .
21. If she had enough money , she [ buy – would buy – will buy ] a camera .
22. We [ will travel – travelled – would travel ] to Luxor if we had enough time .
23. If Tamer [ joins – joined – join ] the team , we will win the match .
24. If you don't sleep well , you [ would have – will have – wouldn't have ] a
headache .
25. If you sleep early , you [ would be – will be – are ] able to wake up early .

9
26. If you [ don't smoke – didn't smoke - doesn't smoke ] , you would feel better .
27. She wouldn't travel to America if her husband [ staying – stayed – stay ] in Egypt .
28. Your nails [ wouldn't look – won't look – aren't looking ] so terrible if you didn't bite them .
29. If he [ studies – will study – studied ] hard , he will succeed .
30. If I [ knew – would know – will know ] the answer , I would tell you .
31. He [ gets – will get – got ] very tired , if he works all day .
32. If we did our homework , we [ gave – would give – will give ] it to the teacher .
33. He will buy another one , if he [ lost – will lose – loses ] his mobile phone .
34. If I [ am – were – would be ] rich , I would buy a new flat .
II- Give one word :
1. A plan to eat only certain kinds of food for personal or medical reasons .
……………………….
2. Too heavy or fat . ……………………….
3. The action of rubbing someone's body with your hands to make muscles relax .
……………………….
4. To measure the heaviness of an object . ……………………….
5. To breathe quickly. ……………………….
6. A sport of riding bikes . ……………………….
7. A word which means worried . ……………………….
8. A word which means tired . ……………………….
III- Complete the following sentences :
1. You will lose …………………. . if you boil food .
2. If you gently …………………….. your brother's muscles , he won't be worried .

Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets :

1. The food is salty , so I can’t eat it . [ If ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
2. She doesn’t study hard . She fails her exams . [ If ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
3. If the story is boring, I won’t read it . [ Unless ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
4. If you played with matches , you would burn yourself . [ Unless ]
………………………………………………………………………………..

10
5. She doesn’t practise well ,so she doesn’t win the race . [ If ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
6. He will visit his uncle if he has time . [ Unless ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
7. She will buy this car if she has enough money . [ Unless ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
8. I would do my homework if I understood it . [ Unless ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
9. She gets up late .She doesn’t catch the bus . [ If ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
10. I will take my umbrella if it rains . [ Unless ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
11. She doesn’t sleep early , so she gets up late . [ If ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
12. How heavy does this box weigh ? [ weight ]
………………………………………………………………………………..
13. What’s the height of this tower ? [ How ]
………………………………………………………………………………..

11
 Revision A ( Units 8 - 9 - 10 )
Choose :-
1- A recent [ survey – pollution – energy ] found that 58 % of people didn’t know
where their heart is .
2- Did you find [ in – out – on ] what’s going on outside ?
3- Chemicals [ pollutes – pollute – pollution ] the environment .
4- [ Let’s – Shall we – How about ] playing basketball ?
5- We [ have – should – could ] to wear a uniform .
6- They [ don’t need – needn’t – mustn’t ] to wait for a long time .
7- Do you know who the [ inventor – discover – explorer ] of the telephone is ?
8- Armstrung was the first [ engineer – astronaut – inventor ] who walked on the moon .
9- Without [ oil – air – gravity ] , people would fly .
10- That is the car [ who – which – what ] my father bought last month .
11- A pilot is the person [ which – that – when ] flies planes .
12- That is the house [ where – which – who ] my grandfather lives .
13- This is the garden [ where – which – who ] I play everyday .
14- A [ scientist – cyclist – geologist ] is the person who rides bikes .
15- What is the [ weigh – weighs – weight ] of this bag ?
16- I want to lose weight so I’ll [ went – go – gone ] on a diet .
17- If I were you , I [ would – should – could ] see a doctor .
18- [ If – Unless – Without ] he studied hard , he wouldn’t pass the test .
19- You will understand the lesson if you [ listen – listens – listened ] carefully .
20- He [ will – would – wouldn’t ] come to the party unless I invited him .
21- [ Astronaut – Asteroid – Atmosphere ] is one of many rocky objects
which circle the sun .
22- If I [ had – had had – have ] free time , I would travel around the world .
23- If you [ drove – had driver – would drive ] a little faster , we could get
there by noon .
24- If Ali ever went camping , he [ would find – will find – can find ] it difficult
to survive .
25- I wish I [ am – were – did ] a rich and famous director .
26- I can’t visit America . I wish I [ were – could – would ] go there .
27- When I saw John , I said , “ [ Merry – Funny – Merrily ] Christmas”.
28- My stomach was [ rummaging – running – rumbling ] , I was so hungry .
29- The [ pigeon – parrot – lark ] is a small wild brown bird that sings .
30- I always wear [ goggles – trainers – glass ] to protect the eyes .
31- Both patients have been [ injected – injured – initiated ] with a new drug .
32- Thousands of people could [ stash – starve – eat ] to death .
33- What a [ gigantic – small – ginger ] phone bill , It’s so huge .
34- The dishes [ will – will be – would ] be washed by Mona .

12
Give one word for :-
1- A kind of pens you can fill more than once . ……………………
2- To be interested in something . ……………………
3- Someone who adjust , repair and make clothes . ……………………
4- To break something into small pieces . ……………………
5- Heaviness of a stated amount . ……………………
6- Enough or more than enough . ……………………

Complete :-
1- ……………. green is your school .
2- Amy suggests a …………….. because they need information from the whole
class .
3- ………………… was a scientist who invented a steam engine .
4- A helicopter is a ………………. that doesn’t have wings .
5- If you eat too many sweets , you will harm ……………….
6- You will not get enough …………… if you do not eat fresh food .

Re-write :
1- What about visiting the museum . [ Why don’t ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
2- You shouldn’t be noisy . [ ought ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
3- You aren’t allowed to smoke in a hospital . [ mustn’t ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
4- Where is the pen ? I gave it to you yesterday . [ which ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
5- This is a woman . Her purse was stolen . [ whose ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
6- That’s a flat . My uncle bought that flat two years ago . [ which ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….

13
 Unit 11
Endangered : sth which is about to disappear , or threatened by danger.
ivory : the hard white substance from which the tusks of some animals are made .
bracelet : a piece of jewellery which is worn around the first or arm .
tusks : long teeth growing outside the mouth of some animals such as elephants .
reptile : a slow crawling animal like a snake & lizard .
scholar : one who has done advanced study in a special field or a learned person .
jade : precious green stone from which jewellery are made .
pearl : the substance which forms a small round object usually white
inside a shell of an oyster .
herbs : a type of a plant whose leaves are used in cooking to give flavour to food or
which are used in medicine .
landscape : a large area of country side in relation to its appearance .
creature : a living being .
habitat : the natural surroundings in which an animal or a plant usually lives
crane : a tall bird with long thin legs and a long neck . It's a sea bird .
fierce : physically violent , frightening , strong or powerful .
bam boo : a tall tropical grass with hard hollow stems .
extinct : died out
tree bark : a solid part that covers a trunk of a tree .
trap : unable to move or escape from – caught in sth.
wise : someone who behaves well and gives advice to others .
rediscover : to discover again .
cut down forest : reduce .
decorated with : make beautiful .
precious = valuable – very expensive .
* New Structure
( Non – defining relative clauses )
who person When time
which things Where place
* Elephants are the largest land animals . Elephants are in danger .
- Elephants , which are the largest land animals , are in danger .
* My father is the boss of a big company . He is very rich .
- My father , who is the boss of a big company , is very rich .
14
I- Choose the correct answer :
1. The Arctic fox is hunted for its [ tusks – meat – fur ] .
2. Elephants' tusks are made of [ gold – ivory – wood ] .
3. The blue whale and the dolphin have large [ ears – brains – arms ] .
4. The dodo is an [ expensive – extinct – extensive ] bird .
5. The Arctic fox has two [ jackets – shirts – coats ] .
6. [ Scholars – Corals – Hunters ] are wise men who study and collect different
things .
7. The [ panda – crocodile – tortoise ] , which looks like a bear , is killed for its fur .
8. The [ humpback whale – blue whale – dolphin ], which is the largest animal in
the world, is hunted for food and oil .
9. Pandas , elephants and dolphins are [ dangerous – endangered – danger ] animals
10. People kill the blue whale for food and [ ivory – oil – fur ] .
11. A dinosaur is an [ extinct – expensive – exhausted ] animal .
12. The turtle puts its head into its [ shell – sheet – shelter ] .
13. Gold is a [ precious – precise – predict ] metal used for making jewels .
14. [ Tuna – Tune – Tunnel ] is a large sea fish , its meat usually used in cans .
15. Smoking seriously [ endears – endeavours – endangers ] your health .
16. The [ Arctic – architect – arch ] is the very cold part of the world around the North Pole .
17. The blue whale weighs more than 200 [ tons – tones – toner ] .
18. Most diseases are [ related – relaxed – released ] to smoking .
19. A dolphin has a very large [ brain – bracelet – brand ] .
20. She was [ trapped – tripped – trembled ] in the burning house .
21. A crocodile is a large tropical [ reptile – republic – reply ] .
22. These are [ fierce – fibre – fiancé ] dogs .
23. A [ bamboo – jumbo – band age ] is a tall plant with hard hollow stems .
24. There's a nice rural [ landscape – land owner – landlady ] across the River Nile .
25. He is a Latin [ scholar – scholarship – scooter ] .
26. A [ scholar – scholarship – schedule ] is a person who studies a subject and knows a lot about it .
27. I think they have made a [ wise – wire – wine ] decision .
28. [ Herbs – Herds – Hens ] are plants added to food to improve its taste .
29. The [ bark – park – barn ] is the material that forms the surface of the wood of a
tree
30. She [ decorated – decreased – declared ] the cake with some cherries .
31. Elephants , [ who – which – whom ] are the largest land animals are in danger .
15
32. The thief , [ who – which – whose ] was in my flat yesterday , stole my camera .
33. Hunters kill the elephants , [ who – which – whom ] is the largest land animal .
34. My suitcase , [ who – which – whom ] is very heavy , weighs 80 kilos .
35. The clown , [ who – which – whom ] works in the circus , is very funny .
36. The humpback whale , [ who – which – whom ] sings in water , is in danger .
37. The airhostess , [ who – which – whose ] helps the pilot on the plane , is very
kind.
38. The children , [ who – whose – which ] were playing in the street , saw the
accident.
39. A dolphin , [ which – who – whose ] is a clever animal , is in danger .
40. I like the hat [ who – which – whose ] Mona is wearing .
41. The sofa [ who – which – whose ] he was sitting on , wasn't comfortable .
42. The police caught the thief [ who – whose – which ] stole the car .
43. The picture [ who – which – whose ] he was drawing was about animals .
44. What was the name of the man [ who – which – whose ] won the prize ?
45. Who met the lady [ who – whose – which ] husband is a businessman .

II- Give one word :

1. The substance which forms a small round object usually white inside the shell
of an oyster . ……………………
2. A tall bird with long thin legs and a long neck . ……………………
3. A person who studies a subject in a great detail and who is clever at learning
by studying . ……………………
4. A large area of countryside in relation to its appearance . ……………………
5. A tall tropical grass with hard hollow stems . ……………………
6. Long teeth growing outside the mouth of some animals such as elephants.
……………………
7. The hard white substance from which the tusks of some animals are made.
……………………
8. A piece of jewellery which is worn around the wrist or arm .
……………………

16
9. A type of a plant whose leaves are used in cooking to give flavour to food .
……………………
10. A solid part that covers a trunk of a tree . ……………………
11. Someone who behaves well and gives advice to others . ……………………
12. The natural surroundings in which an animal or plant usually lives .
……………………

III- Complete the following sentences :

1. The blue whale …………………. 2oo ton .
2. Men kill elephants for their …………………
3. Dinosaurs are now …………………………
4. The ………….. is the material that forms the surface of the wood of a tree .
5. A ………. is a tropical forest with tall trees .

II- Rewrite the following sentences using words in brackets :

1. The blue whale is the largest animal in the world . It weighs more than 2oo tons .
[ which ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. Dolphins are related to whales . They are found all over the world . [ which ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. My sister is very rich . She buys a car every year . [ who ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. Hunters kill the blue whale . They want its meat and oil . [ who ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. Elephants ' tusks are made of ivory . Ivory is very expensive . [ which ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. Mr. Wilson has a son . His son is very clever . [who ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. The Arctic fox lives in the North Pole. It has two coats . [ which ]
……………………………………………………………………………………

17
8. The Ink Monkey is a tiny animal . It helps scholars with their work . [ which ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. The thief is very clever . He robbed the bank alone . [ who ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
10. Some hunters killed the dodo . It is now extinct . [ which ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
11. Dalia goes to her uncle once a week . [ How …. ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
12. I often sleep early . [ not ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
13. Ali is a naughty boy . He had an accident last night . [ who ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
14. The film was boring I saw it last night . [ which ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
15. The car is very expensive . She is driving it . [ which ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
16. He has just written the letter . [ not]
……………………………………………………………………………………
17. He has been in France since 1997 . [ How …. ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
18. The girl was pretty . Her leg was broken . [ whose ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
19. The house has been repaired . Its roof was damaged . [ which]
……………………………………………………………………………………
20. Any man is a fool . He belives your story . [ who ]
……………………………………………………………………………………

18
 Unit 12
stilts : long pieces of wood or metal used to support a building so that it becomes
above the ground or water .
inuits : People who live in the icy northern areas of North America .
igloo : a circular house made of blocks of hard snow .
nomad : People who live in the deserts move from one place to another .
parlour : a room in a private house used for relaxing or entertaining guests .
breeze : a light and pleasant wind .
apartment : a large flat with many rooms.
merchant : a person who buys and sells .
pack : to collect things that you need in a suitcase for traveling.
scarce : rare .
adobe : mixture of earth and straw [ dried grass ] made into bricks and used to build houses .
weave : to make cloth by using threads .
steep : (of a slope ) rising or falling at a sharp angle .
slide off : to cause to move smooth over a surface .

* New Structure
Reported Speech
* Reported information
- Ali said to Ahmed " I go to school by bus ."
- Ali told Ahmed that he went to school by bus .
Present simple past simple
I he , she
My his , her
We they
Our their
You he , she [ him – her ]
Your his , her
In the reported speech we usually make the following changes :
now then
today that day
yesterday the previous day- the day before .
this morning / year that morning ……….
tomorrow the next day / the following day
last week the previous week
next week the following week
19
* Reported commands
- Ali said to Ahmed " Bring some heavy clothes ! "
- Ali told Ahmed to bring some heavy clothes .
- Dina said to Mona " Don't forget your school bag ! "
- Dina told Mona not to forget her school bag .

I- Choose the correct answer :

1. If you want to slide on the snow , you should have a pair of [ trainers – sandals – skis ] .
2. I usually put my money in a small [ wallet – book – computer ] .
3. Some houses have [ steep roofs – white walls – stilts ] so that the snow can slide off
4. Some houses are painted white to [ affect – reflect – detect ] the sun .
5. The Inuit people live in [ the Arctic – the desert – the sea ] .
6. The nomads live in [ the Arctic – the desert – the sea ] .
7. The Inuit people live in houses made of snow , which are called [ adobe huts – tents – igloos ]
8. The Sultan lives in a [ hut – palace – tent ] .
9. In South America people live in [ igloos – tents – adobe huts ] which are made of mud bricks .
10. A thief stole my [ shirt – wallet – jumper ] from my packet yesterday .
11. This lake isn't deep , it's [ large – wide – shallow ] .
12. The fields were washed away by [ floods – floors – flocks ] .
13. Some native Americans live in [ teepees – tents – huts ] .
14. A [ skyscraper – sky diving – sky light ] is a very tall building in the city .
15. [ Sandals – Sand castles – Sand dunes ] are light open shoes that you wear in warm weather .
16. My [ apartment – house – villa ] is in the 5th floor .
17. Backingham [ flat – house – palace ] is a large house where a king and a queen lives .
18. The guests are sitting in the [ parlour – parallel – parasite ] .
19. Because there's a lot of rain in Asia people build houses on [ stilts – stones – concrete ] .
20. It's dangerous to drive on a [ steep – steam – steel ] road .
21. The spider is [ weaving – wedding – weeping ] its web .
22. [ Roll up – Roll out – Roll in ] your sleeves , they are too long .
23. We like to go to the beach to enjoy the [ breeze – brick – breed ] .
24. [ Boots – Trainers – Sandals ] are kind of shoes worn for sports .
25. Farah told Dina that she [ buys – bought – buy ] a new shirt .
26. I told my mother [ to – that – if ] I went to school on foot .
20
27. Adham told me to [ take – took – takes ] his umbrella .
28. Dina told me [ to forget – not to forget – forgot ] my wallet .
29. Heba told me that everyone [ go – went – gone ] to the party .
30. Sam said to Joe that [ he – I – she ] slept for a long time .
31. Houses in Switzerland have steep roofs [ because – so that – to ] snow can slide off .
32. I took my umbrella with me [ because – so that – to ] it was very hot .
33. Some houses are painted white [ because – so that – to ] they can reflect the sun .
34. They told her [ don't – not to – didn't ] attend the party .
35. He advised us [ to work – work – worked ] faster .
36. Rana told me that she [ want – wanted – wants ] to eat biscuits .
37. The doctor told me that [ his health–my health–her health]would improve very quickly .

II- Give one word :

1. People who move from one place to another . ……………………
2. A light and pleasant wind . ……………………
3. A small vehicle for travelling on water . ……………………
4. Mixture of earth straw [ dried grass ] made into bricks and used to build houses .
……………………
5. A Group of people who live in the icy northern areas of North America.
……………………
6. Rising or falling at a sharp angle . ……………………
7. A person who buys and sells . ……………………
8. A room in a private house used for relaxing or entertaining guest
.…………………
9. A large flat . ……………………
10. Long pieces of wood or metal used to support a building so that it is
above the ground or water . ……………………
11. A circular house made of blocks of hard snow . ……………………
12. To cause to move smoothly over a surface . ……………………

21
III- Complete the following sentences :
1. In crowded Hong Kong , some people live in …………….
2. In hot countries , some houses are painted white to ……. ……………..
3. In Asia , some houses are built on ……………. because there is a lot of rain .
4. The Inuit people build houses from …………. which are called igloos .
5. A …………………… is someone who visits a place or a person .
II- Rewrite the following sentences :
1. Fred said to Amr " I can see Mr. Ali and his wife [ Fred told ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. Dina said to Mona " I want to go to the circus ." [ Dina told ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. Hany said to Ahmed " We work very hard in my company ." [ Hany told ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. Mona said " I like my parents very much " [ that ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. Mona said to Radwa " Don't forget your lunch box " [ Mona told ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. Mark said to Joe " Bring your umbrella " [ Mark told ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. The boy said " I ride my bike every morning " [The boy said that ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. Ahmed said to Waleed " Don't open the window ." [ Ahmed told ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. Father said to Sami " Take the car to the mechanic ." [ Father told ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
10. The children said to me " Be careful " [The children told ..]
……………………………………………………………………………………
11. The Mechanic said " My workshop needs cleaning .[The mechanic said that]
……………………………………………………………………………………
12. He said to me " Don't touch it . You will make it worse " [ He told me .. ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
13. Toka said " It's expensive to travel by air. " [ that ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
14. " I'm going away tomorrow , mother " [ He told … ]
……………………………………………………………………………………

22
 Unit 13
ancient : very old .
emerald : a bright green precious stone which is often used in jewellery .
shell : the hard outer covering of something especially nuts , eggs and some animals .
shield : a large curved piece of metal , wood , plastic .. etc . used by soldiers for protection .
mineral : any substance which is mined .
mine : (v) to dig up or remove from the ground .
pirate : a person who sails on the sea and uses force to steal from other
ships .
money pouch : a bag for keeping money .
helmet : a strong hard hat that covers and protects the head .
sword : a weapon with a long sharp metal blade and a handle .
magnificent : very good , beautiful or to be admired .
crew : a group of people who work together especially on a ship or an aircraft .
raid : attack .
value : to consider it important .
turquoise : a precious greenish – blue stone .
* New Structure
[ Present Perfect Passive ]
Ex.
- The pirates have found a treasure chest .
A treasure chest has been found by the pirates .
- People have never found oil on the moon .
Oil has never been found on the moon .
- present simple passive am – is – are + the past participle of the verb .
- past simple passive was – were + the past participle of the verb .
- present continuous passive am
is being + the past participle off the verb
are
- past continuous passive was
being + the past participle of the verb.
were
- present perfect simple passive has been + the past participle of the verb .
have been
- future ‘will’ passive will be + the past participle of the verb.

23
I- Choose the correct answer :
1. [ Oil – Silver – Emerald ] is often called black gold .
2. Pearls are found [ in rocks – underground – under the sea ] .
3. A [ captain – pirate – merchant ] is a violent thief who attacks ships .
4. A [ fork – spoon – sword ] looks like a long knife .
5. [ Shells – Diamonds – Pearls ] are the hardest minerals .
6. Gold , silver , diamond and pearls are [ pleasures – treasures – measures ] .
7. The pharaohs kept their treasures in their [ cares – tombs – houses ] .
8. Pirates were called " cut throats " because they killed their enemies with [ guns –
pistols – swords ] .
9. [ Iron – Gold – Silver ] has been used in horse shoes .
10. The pirate buried his treasure and wrote a [ letter – coded message – biography ] .
11. A [ chest – chess – chief ] is a large strong box we use to keep things in .
12. My mother is wearing a [ pearl – peanut – peak ] necklace .
13. A [ pirate – pistol – pipe ] is a sailor who attacks ships to steal things from them .
14. Who has taken the money ? It was a [ mystery – muscle – muter ] .
15. We all wore [ masks – masses – masters ] at the party .
16. A [ hunter – husband – hunger ] is someone who hunts wild animals .
17. The ship was wrecked and all its [ crew – crop – crisp ] were killed .
18. [ Pearl – Peanut – Peak ] is a valuable small white round object that forms inside an oyster .
19. Your help has been of great [ value – valuable – van ] .
20. A [ crown – crowd – crow ] is a special hat made of jewels worn by aking or a queen .
21. This is a picture of a knight carrying a sword in one hand and a [ shield –
shepherd – shelf ] in the other hand .
22. Troops [ raided – raised – rained ] the village at dawn .
23. There's a [ magnificent – magnetic – magician ] painting in my office .
24. Gold [ has used – had used – has been used ] for masks .
25. A treasure chest has been [ find – profound – found ] on a desert island .
26. Shells [ has – have – had ] been used as money since ancient times .
27. A computer has been [ used – uses – using ] in difficult sums .
28. Where has the thief [ caught – been caught – catches ] ?
29. The children [ have studied – has studies – have been studied ] their lesson .
30. Oil [ has never been – never has been – has been never ] found on the moon .
31. [ You have ever been – Have you ever been – Have you been ever ] given a diamond ?

24
32. [ Has ever she been – Has she been ever – Has she ever been ] given a diamond ?
33. Some careless pupils [ has been – been – have been ] punished .
34. A dragon [ has been – have never been – has never been ] seen up till now .
35. An apple [ eats – have been eaten – has been eaten ] by the mechanic .
36. The car [ has repaired – has been repaired – repaired ] by the mechanic .
37. The boys have just [ complete – been completed – completed ] their work .
28. A bridge [ built – has built – has been built ] since 1994 .

II- Give one word :

1. The hard outer covering of something especially nuts , eggs and some animals .
……..……………..
2. Very good , beautiful or to be admired . ……..……………..
3. A group of people who work together especially on a ship or an aircraft .
……..……………..
4. A large curved piece of metal , wood , plastic ..etc used by soldiers for protection
……..……………..
5. Any substance which is mined . ……..……………..
6. A bag for keeping money . ……..……………..
7. To dig up or remove from the ground . ……..……………..
8. A person who sails on the sea and uses force to steal from other ships .…………..
9. To consider it important . ……..……………..
10. A bright green precious stone which is often used in jewellary .
……..……………..

III- Complete the following sentences :

1. Pirates used to …………………..…….. ships and rob them .
2. Some people believe that Buzzard buried the greatest …………..…. of all time .
3. Oil is often called ……………………….………
4. My mother is wearing a ………………..……….. necklace .
5. Diamonds are the hardest ……………….……………
6. A …………………….….. is made of jewels worn by a king .

25
II- Rewrite the following sentences using the words between brackets :
1. The boy has found a gold ring . [ A gold … ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. The pirates have buried the treasure chest . [ The treasure ….. ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. The surveyors have measured the forest . [ The forest …….. ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. Some engineers have found a new oil field . [ A new … ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. The police have caught the thief . [ The thief ….. ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. Eagles have been seen in these mountains . [ use : never ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. The thief has been caught by the police . [ not ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. The girl has washed the dishes . [ The dishes ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. An earthquake has destroyed the village . [ The village ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
10. He has sent us an e-mail . [ An e-mail ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
11. I have collected some stamps . [ Some stamps ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
12. The children have drunk milk . [ Milk ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
13. The cold wind has frozen my face . [ My face ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
14. The teacher has explained the new vocab . [ The new …. ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
15. Ali usually reads stories . [ read ]
……………………………………………………………………………………

16. William Shakespeare wrote Hamelt . [ by ]

……………………………………………………………………………………
17. They will buy new computers . [ be ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
18. My father is driving his car now . [ being ]
……………………………………………………………………………………

26
 Revision on (Units 11- 12 and 13)
Choose the correct answer :
1- The [ lion – crocodile – blue – whale ] is the largest sea animal .
2- People kill whales for their [ skin – oil – coats ] .
3- The [ Arctic fox – bear – gorilla ] has two coats .
4- People hunt elephants for their [ fur – tusks – oil ] .
5- The woman [ who – which – whose ] lives next door is a doctor .
6- Where is the cheese [ who – which – whose ] was in the fridge ?
7- Chinese scholars were known [ for – to – in ] collecting things which they needed
for their work .
8- My daughter’s desk was covered [ to – with – by ] interesting things .
9- Omar [ told – said – says ] me to bring my gloves .
10- Rana [ told – said – says ] that she had a party .
11- David said I met my friend [ yesterday – today – the previous day ] .
12- Mahmoud says that my sister [ plays – played – had played ] the piano
beautifully .
13- The Inuit people live in houses made of snow , which are called [ cottages – tents
– igloos ] .
14- In Switzerland houses have [ steep roofs – white walls – stilts ] so that the snow
can slide off .
15- [ Diamond – Silver – Gold ] is the hardest minerals .
16- Oliver Twist [ has been written – wrote – was written ] by Charles Dickens .
17- A [ captain – cabin bay – pirate ] is someone who attacks ships .
18- [ Diamond – turquoise – pearl ] is a precious greenish –blue stone .
19- The ship was wrecked and all its [ crew – visitors – pilots ] were killed .
20- Rana told me that she [ want – wanted – wants ] to eat biscuits .

Give one word :-

1- Long teeth growing outside the mouth of the elephant . ………………….
2- Someone who has done advanced study in a special field . ………………….
3- People who live in the icy North areas of North America . ………………….
4- A circular house made of blocks of hard snow . …………………..
5- A weapon with a long sharp metal blade and a handle . …………………..
6- A bag for keeping money . ………………..

27
Complete :-
1- A …….. is a person who sails on the sea and uses force to steal from other ships .
2- ……………… is a bright green precious stone .
3- A …………….. is a room in a house for guests .
4- In Asia , some houses are built on …………. because there is a lot of rain .
5- The ……………… is the material that farms the surface of the wood of a tree .
6- The Arctic Fox has two …………………
Rewrite :-
1- My sister is very clever . She always gets the full marks . [ who ]
…………………………………………………………………………………
2- Mona said to Omar “ Don’t play with matches” . [ Mona told ]
…………………………………………………………………………………
3- Ahmed has drawn a picture . [ been ]
…………………………………………………………………………………
4- Sarah has just travelled to London . [ yet ]
…………………………………………………………………………………
5- Mahamoud is going to travel to London . [ Where ]
…………………………………………………………………………………
6- Noha has bought a new car . [ What ]
…………………………………………………………………………………
7- Hoda is making Pizza now . [ Pizza ]
…………………………………………………………………………………
8- Ali saw an accident yesterday . [ just ]
…………………………………………………………………………………
9- Soha said “ I will go to the cinema tomorrow” [ Soha said that ]
…………………………………………………………………………………
10- The teacher has explained the new lesson . [ The new lesson ]
…………………………………………………………………………………
Composition :
Write a paragraph of six sentences on the following topic “ Friendship”
time in need – helpful – honest – difficulties – cooperative – hard time
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………

28
 Unit 14
Vocab. :
ocean : a very large area of sea , usually separating continents .
project : a piece of work involving research and study of a particular subject .
a threat : (n) a warning that something may happen .
oil spill : when oil comes out of a ship and causes pollution .
oil tanker : a ship that transports huge amounts of oil .
pollution : making the air , water or soil dirty and dangerous .
rubbish : the things that people throw away because they don't need them .
tentacles : long thin parts of a sea animal , used for holding things .
enemy : something or someone that is not friendly to you and wants to harm you .

Structure
1- We usually introduce reported questions with “ask” and the expression
want to know.”
2- Follow the word order of affirmative sentences subj+v. + ob.
3- The reported question begins with the same question word .” Who –
which – what – where – when – how”
4- When the direct question begins with “ Do – Does – Did – Have / Has
… etc) , start the reported question with if or whether .
Examples :
1- “ What are you doing?” she asked . She wanted to know what I was
doing .
2- “ Do you like coffee ?” he asked . He asked me if I liked coffee .
3- “ Who is your teacher ?” he asked me. He asked me sell your old car
last month?”
4- “ Did you sell your old car last month?” Jack asked his aunt if /
whether she had sold her old car the previous month .
Choose :
1. An /A [ Pond – Lake – ocean ] is a very big sea .
2. Cars , buses and trains are means of [ transplant – transport – translation ] .
3. So many [ foresters – tourists – soldiers ] visit the pyramids everyday .
4. Squids have arms which are called [ toes – fingers – tentacles ] .
5. Some animals are [ dangers – edible – poisonous ] , which means we can eat them
6. The [ crab – jellyfish – starfish ] has a hard shell .
7. Cigarettes , cars and buses [ pollute – develop – solve ] the environment .
29
8. Oil tankers sometimes spill [ sticky black oil – black sticky oil – sticky oil black ]
into the sea .
9. There are only five [ seas – rivers – oceans ] in the world .
10. Oil can cover the [ heads – feathers – tails ] of birds so they can't fly .
11. Oil [ tankers – beaches – oceans ] sometimes spill sticky , black oil into the sea .
12. Cutting down too many trees destroys the [ project – environment – oceans ] .
13. People [ do – pollute – bite ] beaches by dumping rubbish .
14. Plastic bags can [ trap – bite – tide ] animals .
15. A [ quiz – project – ocean ] is an activity in which students collect information about something .
16. The box is full of old papers , broken toys and other [ rubbish – spills – tentacles ]
17. Pollution causes a major [ scene – sight – threat ] to our environment .
18. [ Fool – Silly – Intelligent ] students understand very quickly .
Complete :

1. Plastic bags …………………… sea animals .

2. ……………………. sometimes spill sticky black oil into the sea .
3. Planes , trains and buses are different types of ……………………
4. ……………….. covers 70 percent of the earth .
5. People need oceans for ………………… and ……………..

Give one word :

1. The activity in which students collect information about something .
…………….
2. Things that you don't want and throw away . …………….
3. Making the air , water or soil dirty . …………….
4. A person or country wants to harm you . …………….
5. The world in which we live . …………….

Re- write :
1. The teacher said " How old is that ship ?" [ The teacher asked ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. My father said " What is the name of that street ?" [ My father wondered ]
……………………………………………………………………………………

30
3. The tourist said " Why is the water so dirty ?" [ The tourist asked ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. Mum said " What are the children doing ?" [ Mum wondered ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. The policeman said " Why is that man running away ?"
[ The policeman asked ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. Amal said to Ali " Have you got the full mark in the test ?"
[ Amal asked ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. The teacher said to Amr " Did you bring your homework ?"
[ The teacher asked ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. She said to her mother " Do you like pizza ?" [ If ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. I asked Rasha " Can you speak English well ?" [ I asked Rasha " If "]
……………………………………………………………………………………
10. Hend asked " Will you come with me to the park?" Soha .[ If ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
11. The teacher said " How much does a dolphin weigh ?" [ The teacher asked ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
12. Alex said " How many oceans are there ?" [ Alex wondered ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
13. She said to me " Have you corrected you’re your exercise ?"
[ She asked me ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
14. Ahmed said " Omar , what is the fisherman doing ?"
[ Ahmed asked ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
15. Sarah said to Reham " Will you be in class tomorrow ?"
[ Sarah wanted to know ]
……………………………………………………………………………………

31
16. Mona said to Ali " Bring my purse from the bedroom ." [ Mona told ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
17. Amir said to me " I will go to the cinema with my father ."
[ Amir told ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
18. Dad said " Did you like your first day at school ?"
[ Dad wanted to know if ]
……………………………………………………………………………………

32
 Unit 15
Vocab. :
drown : to die because of being unable to breathe under water .
crush : to damage something by squeezing it very hard .
bury : to put something in the ground and cover it over .
poison : a substance that can kill or harm an animal , a plant or human .
freeze – froze – frozen : to reach such a low , cold temperature that a liquid becomes a solid .
fossils : the remains of a plant or an animal that died many years ago .
comet : a huge ball of dust , ice and gases that travels around the sun .
asteroid : one of many rocky objects which circle the sun .
evidence : a proof that something has happened .
theory : an idea about how or why something happens or will happen .
peninsula : a piece of land almost completely surrounded by water .
Italy is a peninsula .
tidal : the regular change in the level of the sea , which happenes twice a day .

New Structure :
( Third Conditional )
If ( past perfect ) ( would have ) + p. p.
- If an asteroid had hit the earth , it would have killed the dinosaurs .
- I would have been on time , if the traffic hadn't been so bad .

Choose :
1. If rocks had fallen on the dinosaurs , they would have been [ burned – frozen – buried ] .
2. Many people have [ drowned – frozen – burned ] in the flood .
3. Scientists have found a lot about dinosaurs from [ fossils – monuments – books ]
which are old and hard bones .
4. [ Tiny – Medium – Enormous ] means very big .
5. Comets and asteroids come from [ the sun – space – the moon ] .
6. [ Fishes – Fossils – Missiles ] are very old bones which are now hard .
7. After the thief had stolen the watch , he [ appeared – disappeared – screamed ] .
8. If you drink dirty water , you will be [ happy – poisoned – satisfied ] .
9. When someone dies , we [ arrest – marry – bury ] him .
10. If it had got very cold , the dinosaurs would have been [ burned – fired – frozen ].
11. If there had been [ floods – earthquakes – volcanoes ] , the dinosaurs would have drowned .
33
12. If an asteroid had hit the earth , there would have been [ earthquakes – floods – forests ] .
13. Water boils at a [ temperature – temple – tentacles ] of 100° .
14. Lightning set the forests on [ smoke – fire – light ] .
15. If the water [ was – is – had been ] poisoned , the dinosaurs would have died .
16. If a comet had hit the Earth , dinosaurs [ would die – will die – would have died ]
17. If you [ was – is – had been ] to China , we would have met together .
18. Mona [ will buy - would buy – would have bought ] a computer if she had enough money .
19. Dinosaurs would have [ been frozen – been burned – been crushed ] , if the forests had caught fire .
20. If the boy had drunk the dirty water , it [ will poison – would have poisoned – would poison ] him .
21. If it had got very cold , dinosaurs would have been [ frozen – buried – burned ] .
22. If the pharaohs hadn't built the pyramids , many tourists [ wouldn't have come –
wouldn't come – won't come ] to Egypt .
23. If you go to school , you [ will meet – would meet – would have met ] Mona .
24. I [ helped – would have helped – will help ] him , if he had been polite .

Complete :
1. Fossils are very old ……………………….
2. The …………………… were the largest land animals ever .
3. A person who studies or practises science is a…………………..
4. Scientists have found more …………………… for the asteroid …………..
5. There were huge ………………….. waves .
6. ………………….. covered the sun .
7. The forest …………………… fires .
8. The ground shook because of the …………………

Give one word :

1. To damage something by squeezing it very hard ……..……….……..
2. The old remains of a plant or an animal ………..……………
3. A proof that something had happened ……..……………..
4. To put something underground ……..……………..
5. A piece of land completely surrounded by water ……..……………..

34
Correct the verbs between brackets :
1. If the rocks had fallen on the dinosaurs , they [ be bury ]…………………….….
2. If there had been floods , the dinosaurs [ drown] ……………………………….
3. The teacher wouldn't have punished you , if you [ do ] your H.W.
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. Earthquakes [ cause ] tidal waves, if an asteroid had hit the Earth .
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. You [ meet ] him if you had come earlier .
……………………………………………………………………………………

Rewrite using " If " :

1. The team didn't win the match because they didn't train hard .
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. They didn't pass the exam because they didn't study hard .
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. She was very happy because she learned to speak French .
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. She arrived home late because the traffic was crowded .
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. It began to rain , so they decided not to go to the beach .
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. We didn't go to her birthday party as she didn't invite us .
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. I arrived home late so I didn't do the homework .
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. Dina's mother didn't agree so she didn't go to America .
……………………………………………………………………………………

35
 Unit 16
Vocab. :
Olympics : a sporting competition for athletes from countries all over the world
, held every four years .
chess : a board game for two people . the winner is the person who takes
the other player's king .
breeze : a gentle wind .
winding down : to turn in a curving way .
merry : happy
gale : a strong wind .
rumble : to make a long low noise .
burrow : an animal's underground home .
water skiing : a kind of sports when someone skis on the surface of sea water .
lark : a small wild brown bird that sings .
chat : a friendly talk .
New Structure :
( I wish ……….. )
I wish + past ( to describe – to present ) state .
Ex: I wish I could play chess = I can't play chess .
I wish I lived in the country = I don't live there now .
I wish I didn't have spots = I have spots now .
Choose :
1. A lark is a little singing [ animal – bird – chorus ] .
2. I like sports very much . I wish I could go to the [ beach – cinema – Olympics ] .
3. I don't like the city . I wish I lived in the [ sea – country – ocean ] .
4. I like playing [ tennis – football – chess ] , because it needs a lot of thinking .
5. A leopard has [ stripes – spots – spikes ] on his body .
6. If a rabbit went to the country , it would find [ a few – many – plenty ] of grass and carrots .
7. Rabbits , rats and foxes live in [ burrows – houses – boxes ] .
8. Mariam and Noha are [ sleeping – cheating – chatting ] . They are speaking about different things .
9. My favourite [ subject – sport – story ] is water skiing .
10. I live in the country . It is so [ noisy – quiet – busy ] .
11. My [ chin – wit – wish ] is to pass the final exam .
12. [ Popcorn – Olympics – Chess ] is an international sport competition which take
place every four years .
36
13. I wish I [ can – will – could ] play football .
14. I wish I [ live – lived – living ] near the school .
15. I wish I [ have – had – has ] a bike .
16. I wish my mother [ wasn't – isn't – hadn't ] so strict .
17. I wish I [ can – could – shall ] get a cheeseburger sandwich .
18. The baby is crying . I wish it [ stop – would stop – stops ] .
19. Mary wishes she [ is – will be – was ] in sixth primary .
20. Ayman wishes he [ finds – found – finding ] the rat .
21. The weather is so hot . I wish it [ is – will – was ] cool .
22. We can't join the basketball team . I wish I [ is – was – am ] taller .
23. She wishes she [ lives – will live – lived ] in the countryside .
24. Mary wishes she [ had – has – have ] a radio .
25. Harry wishes he [ is – was – was being ] a sailor .
26. I wish I [ can – could be – can ] a doctor when I grow up .
Give one word :
1. A very strong wind . ……..……………..
2. An international sports competition which takes place every four years .
……..……………..
3. To make a hole in the ground as a home . ……..……………..
4. A light gentle wind . ……..……………..
5. A friendly talk . ……..……………..
6. To make a long low noise . ……..……………..
Complete :
1. I ………….. I lived in the country .
2. There is a cool ………………. blowing from the west .
3. A sailing boat sank in the river because a strong …………. blew .
4. She's a …………………… girl . She is always happy .
5. There is a …………… food you can get whatever you like .
Correct the verbs between brackets :
1. I don't have a pair of jeans . I wish I [ have ] a new pair .
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. She's very short . She wishes she (be ) tall .
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. He doesn't have a motorbike . He [ wish ] he [ have ] one .
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. I'm very poor . I wish I [ be ] rich .
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. I want to visit London . I wish I [ visit ] London one day .
……………………………………………………………………………………

37
Rewrite :
1. I'm very fat . [ I wish ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. Tom has spots in his face . [ Tom wishes ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. Sue lives in the country . [ Sue wishes ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. It's very cold today . [ I wish ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. We don't have a pet . [ I wish ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. She said to me " When did you go to the zoo ?" [ She asked me ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. They would have won if ………………………….. [ practiced ]
8. The dog chased the cat . This dog is mine . [ which]
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. My father saves money to buy a car . [ so that ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
10. In case of doing your work , you won't be punished . [ If ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
11. The teacher has collected the sheets . [ The sheets ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
12. I want to be an artist . [ I wish ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
13. I don't have enough money to buy a mobile . [ I wish ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
14. She cut her finger . [ not ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
15. These trainers are so expensive . [ He wishes ]
……………………………………………………………………………………

38
 Revision ( Units 14 – 15 – 16 )
Choose :-
1- [ The Indian Ocean – Naser lake – The Nile River ] is one the five very large
areas of water in the world .
2- The students collected information on [ a study – research – a project ] on
pollution .
3- The octopus has long [ trunks – toes – tentacles ] like arms .
4- The teacher asked who [ didn’t – not – wasn’t ] answer the question .
5- He wanted to know [ if he would – if would he – would he ] be in Alex tomorrow
6- The storm destroyed the ship and all the crew [ burned – drowned – killed ] .
7- The police couldn’t find an [ evidence – opinion – answer ] doesn’t sleep at night
[ If ]
8- You will need a lot of water because you will exercise hard .
9- The thief can’t break into my house because I am careful . [ unless ]
10- Mona won’t visit her aunt because the weather won’t be fine . [ unless ]

* Write of not less than seven sentences on the following topic :-

“ Heavy traffic in large cities”.
heavy traffic – traffic lights – traffic jam – following rules – accidents –
ambulance – mad drivers – late for work .
Re-write :-
1- The tourist asked me “ What language do you speak?” [ wanted to know ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
2- The teacher asked Mona if she had done her homework . [ Did ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
3- Mother said “ what are you doing now ?” [ asked ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
4- Sam didn’t do his homework so the teacher punished him . [ If ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
5- If my father had driven slowly , he wouldn’t have had an accident . [ because ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
6- If it hadn’t begun to rain , they would have decided to go to the beach . [ unless ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
7- I don’t have any toys . [ wish ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
8- I’m not very rich . [ I wish ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
9- I wish I had some popcorn . [ Don’t ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….
10- I lived in the village . [ I wish / didn’t ]
…………………………………………………….……………………………….

39
* Write a paragraph of six sentences on the following topic :-
“ The importance of learning English .”
Helping words :-
An international language – important meeting – TV news – papers and
magazines – the habits of other countries – the language of computers .

* Give one word for :-

1- A warning that something may happen . ……………………
2- Someone that is not friendly to you and he wants to harm you . ……………………
3- A huge ball of oust , ice and gases that travels around the sun .……………………
4- The regular change in the level of the see . ……………………
5- A board game for two people . The winner is the person who takes the other player’s
king . ……………………
6- An animal’s underground home . ……………………
7- A line of light shining from bright object . ……………………
8- A small piece of medicine that’s swallowed . ……………………

Complete :-
1- There are ……….. oceans in the world .
2- Water covers ……………. of the Erath .
3- Over the last ………………….. scientist have found out a lot about dinosaurs .
4- Asteroids and ……………… travel very fast .
5- Larks can’t …………….. nor rabbits fly .
6- It’s ……………….. and dark under the ground .
7- School will be built of …………. in the future .
8- In the future computers will be controlled by ……………….

40
 Unit 17
screen : a flat surface onto which moving images are projected .T.v. screen .
field trip : a trip in which students learn about something at first hand .
beam (n) : a line of light shining from bright object .
satellite : an artificial device in space that receives and transmits information around the world .
goggles : special glasses worn to protect the eyes .
pill : a small piece of medicine that is swallowed .
injection : giving someone medicine by a needle .
seaweed : dark green plant growing in the sea .
greenhouse : a building made mainly of glass , used for growing plants .
starve : to suffer or die from lack of food .
gigantic : huge or enormous .

( Future Simple Passive )

Will be + P.P.
Ex: Mona will eat the Pizza .
Pizza will be eaten by Mona .

Choose :
1. The children went on a [ farm trip – field trip – step ] to the High Dam .
2. [ Agriculture – Industry – Trade ] is growing different crops on a piece of land .
3. Everyday a lot of people [ carve – serve – starve ], they die of hunger .
4. The car is going into a [ fountain – tunnel – bridge ] under the ground .
5. Divers wear [ glasses – goggles – binoculars ] so that they can see things
underwater
6. That spaceship is gigantic . This means it's [ tiny – small – enormous ] .
7. My little brother is sick . The doctor gave him an[ injection - election – infection ]
8. T.V. channels are beamed to us by [ moon – satellite – radio ] .
9. [ Seaweed – Seagull – Season ] is a plant which grows near the sea .
10. Blackboard will be [ sold – replaced – written ] by huge T.V. screens .
11. [ Satellites – Planets – Classrooms ] will be different . Students will sit at group desks .
12. Computers will be [ controlled – taken – built ] by voice .
13. Students will be taken on [ farm – field – plant ] trips to outer space and they will
learn about other planets .
14. In the future , people will be able to live in underwater [ cities – beds –
computers ]
15. [ Screens – Robots – Satellites ] will do most of the work that people used to do in the past .
41
16. Mirrors are made of [ plastic – wood – glass ] .
17. The final football match will be beamed live from Germany by [ sight – machine – satellite ] .
18. You'd better wear a pair of [ files – gloves – goggles ] when you swim .
19. Most farmers grow vegetables in [ space stations – pills – green houses ] .
20. The patient felt better after he had taken the [ idea – system – injection ] .
21. Schools [ will build – will be built – is building ] of glass in the future .
22. The homework [ is doing – will be done – was done ] tomorrow .
23. Will teachers [ helped – be helped – help ] by robots ?
24. The match [ is playing – will be played – will play ] at 6.00 .
25. Those boots need [ clean – cleans – cleaning ] .
26. Your long nails need [ cut – cutting – cuts ] .
27. The chicken will be [ eat – ate – eaten ] if you don't come .
28. In the future , planes [ are flown – will be flown – have been flown ] by robots .
29. The baby wants [ looks after – looking after – look after ] .
30. Books [ will replace – won't be replaced – would replace ] by computers .
31. Writing [ won't be done – won't do – is going to do ] by pencils .
32. Seaweed [ is using – is being used – will use ] as food .

Complete :
1. People may travel through …………… under the sea .
2. We might have to eat ……………………….
3. Astronauts travel into space in ………………….
4. People in south Africa are dying because of ….. they can't find any thing to cat .
5. This T.V. ………. is fourteen inches .
6. He's wearing a pair of swimming ……………….

Change into passive :

1. I will invite my friends to my birthday party .
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. She will watch a film before she sleeps .
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. People won't use books in the future .
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. Computers will do school work .
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. Machines will cook and sell food .
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. She will feed the baby .
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. You will spill the ink on the carpet .
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. People will build schools of glass .
……………………………………………………………………………………
42
Re-write :
1. Mona will wash the dishes tonight . [ The dishes ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. Bassem will eat the chicken . [ The chicken ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. Nora will build a hut in the garden . [ built ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. The captain will kill the pirate . [ will be ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. You need to wash your hair . [ washing ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. The children have broken the window . [ The window ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. Shadi will be chased by the dog . [ not ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. This singer sings very badly . [ I wish ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. When you go to the market , you will meet Doha . [ If ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
10. Hany said " Omar , How old are you ?" [ Hany asked ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
11. Dalia said " My father like his job very much ." [ Dalia said ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
12. I have been to Paris for two years . [ How … ?]
……………………………………………………………………………………
13. Mai is helpful . She helps me with the housework . [ Who ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
14. She drank some orange juice . [ not ]
……………………………………………………………………………………

43
 Unit 18

find out – found out – found out : to know the facts about something .
mutton : meat from sheep .
stuff : any substance or material .
coax / ed / ed : to persuade someone gently to do sth or go somewhere .
mother tongue : the native language that a person knows when
he was a child from his mother .
cuckoo : a bird that has a call which sounds like its name
beef : cow's meat .
Match the following words with their definitions :
1. A topic - things that are used as clothes .
2. A team - is a very large sea .
3. An ocean - is a person who governs a country .
4. Clothing - something to talk or write about .
5. A ruler - is the meat of sheep .
6. Mother tongue - is the meat of cow .
7. Beef - is a musical instrument .
8. Mutton - is a place with lots of trees .
9. A violin - is a group of people working together .
10. A jungle - is the language spoken by its native people .
Choose :
1. My [ father tongue – mother tongue – sister tongue ] is Arabic .
2. The meat of cows is called [ mutton – beef – bacon ] .
3. The meat of sheep is called [ mutton – beef – bacon ] .
4. When I entered the restaurant , the waiter gave me a [ monument – menu –
marble ] to choose my meal .
5. An octopus has nine arms which are called [ tactics – tentacles – miracles ] .
6. Rats usually live in [ cages – burrows – rivers ] .
7. An elephant has two [ husks – tusks – flasks ] .
8. If you eat too much fried food , you'll be [ slim – overweight – genius ] .
9. The Inuits live in houses made of [ skin – snow – mud bricks ] which we
call igloos
10. The pirates are called " cutthroats " because they killed their enemies with
[ knives – poison – swords ] .
44
11. We have to discuss this [ office – topic – nation ] immediately .
12. Mother [ coaxed – retreated – returned ] her son to take his medicine .
13. In order to [ leave – rule – find ] out the truth , you'd better ask her .
14. A [ jungle – patient – cuckoo ] is a bird that has a call which sounds like its name
15. My father works for an [ idle – international – ended ] company .
16. [ Quack – Miaow – Cough ] is the sound of the cat .
17. All the [ characters – stuff – personality ] in this story are funny . It is a comic
story.
18. Please get rid of this [ staff – stuff – stiff ]. It looks terrible .
19. Look out ! The snake is [ hissing - quacking – coaxing ] .
20. [ Mutton – Beef – Mail ] is the meat of the sheep .
21. Mary has a cat [ who – which – whom ] is very lazy .
22. If you [ boiled – boil – had boiled ] your food , you will lose a lot of vitamins .
23. If she [ sits – sat – had sat ] down , everybody would be able to see .
24. People , [who – which – whose ] endanger animals , kill whales for their oil .
25. Mark told me [ not to – to – that ] worry about skis .
26. Maha said that she [ don't - doesn't – didn't ] have any boots .
27. In Asia ,people build houses on stilts [ because – so that – to ] they don't flood .
28. Treasure has [ found – find – been found ] by the divers .
29. I wish I [ could – can – will ] travel to Australia .
30. Homework will be [ did – does – done ] at 8 o'clock .
31. I walk along way to school . I wish I [ have – had – had had ] a bike .
32. My younger sister is interested [ in – at – on ] reading .

Complete :
1. Chinese people speak Chinese as their ………………
2. ……………. is the sound of water .
3. …………… is the sound of the snake .
4. There was an …………….. match between Egypt and Sudan .
5. I have a headache . Please don't speak so ……………..

45
Complete using the suitable preposition :
1. Sally's class is doing a project ………………. oceans .
2. What do you know …………………….. oceans ?
3. People need oceans …………… food and transport .
4. Tourists are a threat ……………….. wild life .
5. Oil tankers sometimes spill sticky black oil ……………. the sea .
6. Dinosaurs had been ………….. earth for 150 million years .
7. Scientists have found ………..a lot …….. the dinosaurs ………. fossils .
8. I waited nearly……………. an hour .
9. The teacher is always ……………… time . He's never late .
10. ……………………….. in the sky , there's plenty ………….. room .
11. I was waterskiing …………….. the first time .
12. My friends will laugh …………………. me if I make these silly actions .
13. Do you think ………………….. going to the party ?
14. Things will be different ……………. the future .
15. Computers will be controlled …………………..
16. We will be able …………… see history and science .
17. We will learn ………………..…. other planets .
18. People will be fed ……………….. seaweed ………….. seaweed farms .
19. People will be transported ……………….. tunnels ……….. the sea .
20. There will be too many people ……….. earth .
21. They will be taught …………….. live ………… friendly moons .
22. ……………. now you have learned a lot ……………. English .
23. ……………….. 325 million people speak English ……….. a second language .
24. English has borrowed words ………………. other languages .
25. English farmers looked …………………the animals .
26. ……………. spite of this , people go ………. looking …… buried treasures .
27. ………… thousands ………….. years , gold and silver have been highly valued .
28. Oil has been found …………….. the sea ………… well as under the ground .

46
Rewrite :
1. Dina will eat all the fish on the table . [ All the fish ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. My mother made me clean the floor , that's why I didn't come . [ If ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. Petti said to Mark " Bring a warm coat ." [ Petti asked .. ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. People paint their houses white so that they reflect the sun . [Why…….? ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. I read a nice story last right . [ not ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. Tamer said to me " I'm arriving on Friday ." [ told ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. He said , " When did you go to the park , Adel ?" [ asked ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. The cat chased the mouse . This cat is mine . [ which ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. They have broken the glass window . [The glass window ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
10. We save money to buy a car . [ so that ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
11. You have lied to me . [I]
…………………………………………………………………………………….
12. I don't have any money . [ I wish ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
13. " Did you do your homework ?" the teacher said . [The teacher asked ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
14. They haven't finished the washing up yet . [ The washing up ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
15. I don't have enough money . I can't help the poor . [ If ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
16. She chose blue jeans . [ Blue jeans ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
17. A fisherman caught fish . [ What ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
18. She is buying new clothes . [ yesterday ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
19. I always remember your birthday. [ Your birthday ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
20. The teacher gave us two lessons yesterday . [ Two lessons ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
21. I will plant flowers . [ Flowers ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
22. Have you fed the baby ? [ yet ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
23. I have been working for three hours . [ since ]
……………………………………………………………………………………
24. He has worked in the morning . [ all morning ]
……………………………………………………………………………………

47