UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS: a Ven NU Ce) JANUARY 2016 SEMESTER COURSE : MDB3033/MCB3033/MBB3033 - HEAT TRANSFER: DATE : 28™ APRIL 2016 (THURSDAY) TIME : 2.30 PM — 5.30 PM (3 hours) INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES ‘Answer ALL questions from the Question Booklet Begin EACH answer on a new page in the Answer Booklet. Indicate clearly answers that are cancelled, if any. Where applicable, show clearly steps taken in arriving at the solutions and indicate ALL assumptions. Do not open this Question Booklet until instructed. There are TWELVE (12) pages in this Question Booklet including the cover page and appendices. Universiti Teknologi PETRONASi MDB3033/MCB3033/MBB3033 With the aid of an illustration, briefly explain the development of velocity boundary layer on a flat plate. [4 marks] Consider an automotive engine that can be approximated as a 0.5-m-high, 0.4-m-wide and 0.8-m-long rectangular block. The bottom surface of the block is at 85°C and has an emissivity of 0.95. The ambient air is 25°C, and the road surface is at 15°C. The car moves at a velocity of 75 km/h. Assume turbulent flow over the entire surface of the engine block. Determine the convective heat transfer from the bottom surface of the engine block. [8 marks} i. Evaluate the total heat transfer rate from the bottom surface of the engine block. [6 marks} ii, As a result of dirt and oil, the bottom surface of the engine block is covered with a 3-mm-thick gunk (thermal conductivity, = 4 Wim:K). How heat transfer will be affected by this? Show your calculations and comment your answer. Assume block surface temperature still to be 85°C and ignore radiation heat transfer. (7 marks]MDB3033/MCB3033/MBB3033 Explain the physical significances of the following terms: i. Biot number. ii, Fourier number. [4 marks] ‘A 2-m high electric hot water heater that has a diameter of 40 cm and maintains the hot water at 55°C. The tank is located in a small room where average temperature is 27°C, and the heat transfer coefficients on the inner and outer surfaces of the heater are 50 and 12 Wim?-K, respectively. The tank is placed in another 45-cm-diameter sheet metal tank, as shown in FIGURE Q2b. The space between the two tanks is filled with foam insulation (thermal conductivity, & = 0.03 Wim-K). Assume thickness and thermal resistance of the water tank and outer thin metal shell are negligible, heat transfer from top and bottom surfaces are negligible. FIGURE Q2bMDB3033/MCB3033/MBB3033 Draw the thermal resistance circuit. Provide labels to all resistances. [3 marks] Calculate the total resistance of the circuit. [5 marks) The price of electricity is $0.08/kWh, and the home owner pays $280 a year for water heating. Determine the fraction of hot-water energy cost of this household due to the heat loss from the tank per year. [5 marks} ‘An engineer has been asked to reduce 35% of the current heat loss. Evaluate the required thickness to achieve this with the calculations. [8 marks]MDB3033/MCB3033/MBB3033 Explain the concept of one-term approximation analysis. [3 marks] ‘A 8-cm diameter apple which was initially at temperature of 20°C was put into a freezer at -12°C for 45 minutes. The heat transfer coefficient on the surfaces is 9 Wim?-K. TABLE Q3 lists the other properties of the apple. TABLE Q3 Density, 0 I 840 kg/m? Specific heat, CG, 3.81 kJikg-K Thermal conductivity, £ | __0.418 Wim-K Thermal diffusivity, a 1.3 x 107 mas Freezing point 15S 1, Determine the temperature at the centre of the apple after the cooling process. (6 marks] ji. Assess whether any part of the apple would be frozen at the end of the cooling process. Justify your answer. [7 marks] iii, Evaluate the amount of heat transfer during the cooling process. [3 marks]MDB3033/MCB3033/MBB3033 After the cooling process is completed, heating process starts under hot air with heat transfer coefficient of 12 Wim?.K. The heating process needs to raise the surface temperature to 45% of the initial temperature in. Propose the accurate amount of time and the temperature of the hot air needed for the heating process. [6 marks]MDB3033/MCB3033/MBB3033 Describe the approach used to determine the rate of heat transfer of Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) method and Effectiveness-NTU method. [4 marks} A shell-and-tube heat exchanger with one-shell pass and ten- tube passes is used to heat water in the tubes with steam condensing at 120°C (hye = 2203 kJ/kg) on the shell side. The tubes are thin-walled and have a diameter of 2.4 om and length of 3.2 m per pass as shown in FIGURE 4b. Water (cp = 4.18 kJ/kg-K) enters the tube at 22°C at a rate of 3.9 kg/s. The temperature difference between the two fluids at the exit is 48°C. Steam | 120°C — 22°C — Water (10 tubes) 3.9 ke/s FIGURE 4b i. Determine the rate of heat transfer and rate of condensation per unit area. {10 marks]MDB3033/MCB3033/MBB3033 ii, Evaluate the overall heat transfer coefficient. [6 marks] iil, If the overall heat transfer coefficient is to be increased by more than 12%, select a new diameter of the tubes. ‘Show your calculations and comment on your answer. (5 marks] - ENDOF PAPER -MDB3033/MCB3033/MBB3033 APPENDIX-I Formula Sheet Steady 1-D Heat Analysis aL Inn) Rue Raw Ry ED a ‘A, =aDL Amount of energy loss per year: Q = QAt Cost of energy loss = Amount of energy loss per year x Unit cost Fraction of energy loss: f= Cost of energy loss/Total cost of energy ‘Transient Heat Conduction pint (£) 21-30, S04 A, 008 A,(r/r,) rMDB3033/MCB3033/MBB3033 Coefficients used in one-term approximation solution of transient 1-D heat conduction in plane walls, cylinders and spheres Plane Wall. Cylinder Sphere uo AW A aA 0.01 0.0998 1.0017 0.1412 1.0028 0.1730 1.0030 0.02 0.1410 1.0033 0.1995 1.0050 0.2445 1.0060 0.04 0.1987 1.0066 0.2814 1.0099 0.3450 1.0120 0.06 0.2425 1.0098 0.3438 1.0148 0.4217 1.0179 0.08 02791 1.0130 0.3960 1.0197 0.4860 1.0239 OL 0.3111 1.0161 0.4417 1.0246 0.5423 1.0298 0.2 0.4328 «1.0311 0.6170 1.0483 0.7593 1.0592 03 05218 1.0450 0.7465 1.0712 0.9208 1.0880, 04 05932 1.0580 018516 1.0931 1.0528 1.1164 05 0.6533 1.0701 0.9408 «1.1143 1.1656 1.1441 0.6 0.7051 1.0814 1.0184 1.1345 1.2644 1.1718 07 07506 1.0918 1.0873 1.1539 1.3525 111978 08 07910 11016 1.1490 11724 1.4320 1.2236 09 08274 1.1107 1.2088 1.1902 1.5044 1.2488 10 0.8603 11191 1.2558 12071 1.5708 1.2732 2.0 1.0769 1.1785 1.5995 1.3384 2.0288 1.4793 3.0 1.1925 1.2102 1.7887 1.4191 2.2889 1.6227 40 112646 © 1.2287 119081 1.4698 2.4556 1.7202 5.0 1.3138 1.2403 1.9898 1.5029 2.5704 1.7870 6.0 13496 1.2479 2.0490 1.5253 2.6537 1.8338, 7.0 1.3766 1.2532 2.0937 1.5411 2.7165 1.8673 8.0 1.3978 «1.2570 2.1286 «1.5526 2.7654 1.8920 9.0 14149 1.2596 2.1566 1.5611 28044 1.9106 10.0 1.4289 1.2620 2.1795 1.5677 2.8363 1.9249 20.0 1.4961 1.2699 2.2880 1.5919 2.9857 1.9761 30.0 1.5202 1.2717 23261 (1.5973 3.0372 1.9808 40.0 1.5325 1.2723 2.3455 1.5993 3.0632 1,9942 50.0 1.5400 1.2727 2.3572 1.6002 3.0788 1.9962 100.0 115552 1.2731 2.3809 1.6015 3.1102 1.9990 o 1.5708 «1.2732 2.4048 «1.6021 3.1416 2,0000 10MDB3033/MCB3033/MBB3033. pte Proetsol at an preset a a op. esp “Tt cont — ley ct 7 Nbr re nigwggiigh “Rw nm wigs nants ¢ 1292 100s oma 1818x109" 179% 10 132m 10> 07382 5 (iso ttos Omar Lasoc10 17st I3aeulo® 97380 10 zee 100s n2t59 ste i0> 77810 asx 10> 076 5 tes itor omzete aang 0% Latex i0* Larowlo® 97323 2 Hm ltor—ooesie aol Lapse io> glee 10* 07309 3 ist it ona) bieteto+—Laapelo Ls62x10% aaa 3 ist my ones Ganectos Lara to* Leosx io? Qveee 3 Liss ito) onasos Barreto Lassiclos Lessx lo G7aee 6 tir Im ones Batecto*—Toienio? Joex to» Grass & ios itm ones) Datecto! Lott ios Lasoxt0# —a7ee) 2 lise ttn onerssDasreto+—Laeaeto® Lgoexl0% Graze ® iiss tn? axon Barz to Dow to Legex tO! O7at2 ® tae itm? nesst_ «Drab 10 Dose i0* Loasxl0® oyun? ® dssse ome Gaesss | Zasiclos — Zosealos 20x10 O74 ° dane om Gomes Sows los Zival0s 2g01xi0> a2 100 0.9458. 1009 0.03095, 3.283 x 10° 2181 x 10$ 2.306 x 10> om io Oa? ton Goseas3aebu lo’ gaetwlo* daeeul0% 07073, Convection Heat Transfer Over a Flat Plate T,+T. VL Re, = v A wa 0.037 Re’? Pr Quy =HADn-,) ya = 4 O(T4=T5,,) 9 = 5.67210 Wi" 1MDB3033/MCB3033/MBB3033 Heat Exchanger O=nc,,-7) — @ =UAATy Rate of condensation: rt = -2- hg A,=naD,L ar, = ARAB. “(Yar AD, = Tin Zoot AD, = Tou ~T, Correction factor F Charts oe Correction factor F 12