GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF PROCEDURE

A. Construction of Density-Concentration Plot for NaCl solution

Weigh NaCl to get Make 0, 4, 8, 12, 16,

Seven (7) 100mL beakers
desired concentration 20, and 25% (by
of salt solution weight) of salt solution

Add clean dry sand

measure the liquor Stir properly equivalent to the
density of each
amount of water
added.

B. Preperation of the Fresh Feed

I II III IV

V VI VII VIII

IX X XI XII Place into each beaker the

sand-salt mixture pack. The
Weigh 12 dry 1-L beakers Label each beaker pack contains 150g sand, the
properly amount of salt is unknown.
DATA TO RECORD:

1. Liquor density of beaker XII,

this is the fresh feed liquor
density.
2. the weight percent
composition of the fresh
feed
C. Single-Stage Extraction Operation

150mL
300mL
600mL
I, II, III

Pour another 150mL of water to beaker I, Decant the supernatant liquid from each
300mL to beaker II, and 600mL to beaker III. beaker with a volume equal to that added in
Stir well and allow settling. step C-1 into separate containers.

DETERMINE THE FOLLOWING:

1. Determine the densities of

the liquors in each beaker
2. Convert densities to weight
percent salt using the
density-concentration plot
3. Calculate the single-stage
salt extraction efficiencies

D. Multistage Crosscurrent Extraction Operation

600mL IV, V, VI

Prepare 600mL of water for each for beakers IV, V, Determine the density and percent weight of
and VI. Two 300mL portions to beaker IV, in three NaCl of clear liquors.
200mL portions to beaker V, and in four 150mL
portions to beaker VI.

Example: Pour 300mL of water into beaker IV, stir

well and allow to settle; then, draw off 300mL of
the clear liquor into a separate container. Add the
next portion of water. Mix well, then draw off
300mL into another container.
E. Steady-state Multistage Countercurrent Extraction Operation

600mL VII

Add 600mL of water into Beaker VII

Mix well and then Label this solution as (1)
decant 600mL of Decant-VII. Repeat the
solution procedure and then label the
corresponding solution as (2)
Decant-VIII.

VII VIII

Add Decant-VII into Beaker VIII Label this solution as (3)

Mix well and then Decant-VII again
decant 600mL of
solution
 F. Determination of Densities Using the Westphal Balance

9. Record the
8. Balance the lever using both density reading
the tare and the knob at the left and the
side if the base to move the temperature of
Vernier up or down. the solution.

3. Level the base by means 7. Release the 5. Hang the plummet on the
lever arm and
balance by hook at the
of the leveling feet and check position the the lever
right end of
turning the arm and position
using the bubble meter cylinder the cylinder on
on the
arrest knob the balance
balance base that the
base such
clockwise. plummet such
is inside
2. Arrest the balance by thatit.the
turning the black knob in front lever arm and plummet is
of the base counterclockwise. position the inside it.
cylinder on
the balance
base 6. Fill the cylinder with the
such 4. Using an ice bath, cool the
cooled solution making sure
that the samples to a temperature of
that the
plummet is plummet is 23C. This corrects for the
1. Place the balance on a flat insidesubmerged
it. completely and is warming effect of the sample
surface free from vibration, not touching the inner surface cylinder and the plummet.
drafts, radiators, and direct of the cylinder.
sunlight.