INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

INTRODUCTION :

External combustion engine

An external combustion engine is one where the
combustion of fuel takes place outside the cylinder
and the heat of combustion is transferred to a
second fluid which is the working fluid of the cycle,
responsible for work output.

Internal combustion engine

An internal combustion engine is one where the
product of combustion of air & fuel is the motive
fluid i.e. the product of combustion is directly used
to produced work output.
ADVANTAGES OF I.C. ENGINES :
Greater mechanical simplicity
Lower ratio of weight and bulk to output due to absence
of auxiliary components like boiler, condenser & pump.
Less space requirements
Starting is easy & quick
Overall efficiency is high
Lesser requirement of water for dissipation of energy
through cooling system
Low initial cost
Mainly used for transportation vehicle

ADVANTAGES OF E.C. ENGINES :

Cheaper fuel can be used like solid fuels
Self starting & high starting torque
Mainly used for electrical power generation
COMPONENTS OF I.C. ENGINES :
Main Components
 Cylinder
 Cylinder Liner
 Cylinder Head
 Piston
 Piston Rings
 Piston pin or Wrist Pin
 Water Jacket
 Connecting Rod
 Crank Shaft
 Crank
 Crank case
 Crank Pin
 Valves
 Cam & Cam Follower
 Cam Shaft
 Push Rod & Rocker Arm
 Fly Wheel
 Inlet Manifold
 Exhaust Manifold
 Carburettor
 Spark Plug
 Fuel Pump
 Fuel Injector
 Ignition System
ENGINE CYLINDER :
ENGINE CYLINDER :
CYLINDER LINER :
CYLINDER LINER :
CYLINDER HEAD :
CYLINDER HEAD :
ENGINE CYLINDER BLOCK :
ENGINE CYLINDER BLOCK :
PISTON :
PISTON :
PISTON PIN OR WRIST PIN OR GUDGEON PIN :
PISTON PIN OR WRIST PIN OR GUDGEON PIN :

FIXED PIN SEMI-FLOATING PIN

FULL-FLOATING PIN.
PISTON RINGS :
PISTON RINGS :
PISTON RINGS :
WATER JACKET :
CONNECTING ROD :
CONNECTING ROD :
CRANK & CRANK SHAFT :
CRANK & CRANK SHAFT :
CRANK & CRANK SHAFT :
CRANK CASE :
CRANK PIN :
VIBRATION DAMPER :

Vibration
Damper

Vibration
Damper
FLY WHEEL :

Fly Wheel
VALVES :
VALVES :
VALVES :
CAM SHAFT, CAM AND CAM FOLLOWER :
PUSH ROD AND ROCKER ARM :
VALVES & VALVE MECHANISM :

Over Head Valve Engine Single Over Head Cam Engine

Double Over Head Cam Engine

INLET MANIFOLD :
INLET MANIFOLD :
EXHAUST MANIFOLD :
CARBURETTOR :
CARBURETTOR :

Solex Carburettor S U Carburettor

SPARK PLUG :
OIL PUMP :
FUEL PUMP :
FUEL PUMP :

Mechanical Fuel Pump

FUEL PUMP :
FUEL PUMP :

Electric Fuel Pump

FUEL INJECTOR :
FUEL INJECTOR :
IGNITION SYSTEM :

Battery Ignition System

IGNITION SYSTEM :

Magneto Ignition System

CLASSIFICATION
OF
I. C. ENGINES
CLASSIFICATION OF I. C. ENGINES :
BASIC ENGINE DESIGN
Single Cylinder
Reciprocating Engine
Multi Cylinder
Single Rotor
Rotary Engine
Multi Rotor
NUMBER OF STROKES PER CYCLE
Four Stroke Engine
Two Stroke Engine
NATURE OF THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE
Constant Volume Cycle (Otto Cycle)
Constant Pressure Cycle (Diesel Cycle)
Partly Constant Volume & Partly Constant Pressure
Cycle (Dual or Mixed Cycle)
IGNITION SYSTEM
Spark Ignition Engine
Compression Ignition Engine
CLASSIFICATION OF I. C. ENGINES (CONT.) :
FUEL USED
Petrol Engine
Diesel Engine
Gas Engine
COOLING SYSTEM
Water Cooled Engine
Air Cooled Engine
FIELD OF APPLICATION
Stationary Engine
Mobile Engine
FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM
Carburettor Engine
Air Injection Engine
Airless Injection Engine
MPFI Engine
CLASSIFICATION OF I. C. ENGINES (CONT.) :
METHOD OF CONTROL
Quality Control Engine
Quantity Control Engine
Quality and Quantity Control Engine
LUBRICATION SYSTEM
Mist Lubrication System Engine
Wet Sump Lubrication System Engine
Dry Sump Lubrication System Engine
NUMBER OF CYLINDERS
Single Cylinder Engine Six Cylinder Engine
Twin Cylinder Engine Eight Cylinder Engine
Three Cylinder Engine Twelve Cylinder Engine
Four Cylinder Engine Sixteen Cylinder Engine
CLASSIFICATION OF I. C. ENGINES (CONT.) :
CYLINDER ARRANGEMENT
In-Line Engine
V – Engine
Opposed Piston Engine
Opposed Cylinder Engine
Radial Engine
W – Type Engine
X – Type Engine
Delta Type Engine
ROTARY ENGINE :
ROTARY ENGINE :