STOICHIOMETRY

• Stoichiometry is the study of

quantitative relationships
between the amounts of
reactants used and amounts of
products formed by a chemical
reaction.
• In Greek it literally translates to
“measuring elements”
• By combining our abilities to balance
equations and do unit conversions, we can
now complete stoichiometry problems
(mass to mass conversions)

• All stoichiometric calculations begin with

a balanced chemical equation where you
are given the amount of one molecule (a
reactant, or product in the reaction) and
asked to find the amount of another.
• solve stoichiometry problems using a “T”
chart just like we did for unit conversions,
but we will add additional cells
Given Units to convert into Units to convert into etc
Units to cancel Units to cancel etc

**and we use an additional conversion factor

To convert from moles of one molecule to
moles of another the conversion factor is
the:
• mole ratio = a ratio between the
numbers of moles (the coefficients) of
two substances in a balanced
equation
• Ex: 4Fe + 3O2  2Fe2O3
For every 4 moles of Fe that react there
are 2 moles of Fe2O3 produced.
Try it yourself:
a) What is the mole ratio of sulfur to chlorine gas?
S 8 + 4Cl 2 → 4S 2 Cl 2

b) What is the mole ratio of oxygen gas to iron

(III) oxide?
4Fe + 3O 2  2Fe 2 O 3

Check your answers on the next slide.

Check your answers:
a ) What is the mole ratio of sulfur to chlorine gas?
S 8 + 4Cl 2 → 4S 2 Cl 2

1 mol S 8 per 4 mols Cl 2

b) What is the mole ratio of oxygen gas to iron

(III) oxide?
4Fe + 3O 2  2Fe 2 O 3
3 mols O 2 per 2 mols Fe 2 O 3
 WATCH THIS VIDEO BEFORE USING
MOLE RATIOS TO COVERT ON YOUR
OWN:

HTTPS://WWW.TDWSCIENCE.COM/MOLE
-RATIO-PRACTICE-PROBLEMS
Example: How many moles of iron(III) oxide
will be produced if 5 moles of oxygen are
present?
4Fe + 3O2  2Fe2O3

5 mol O2 2 mol Fe2O3 = 3.33 mol Fe2O3

3 mol O2
You can convert from grams of one molecule to grams,
or moles of another by making a multi-step t-chart:

Example: Using the following equation how many grams

of Fe2O3 would be produced from 5.00 grams of Fe?
4Fe + 3O2  2Fe2O3

We need to convert:
grams Fe  moles Fe  moles Fe2O3  grams Fe2O3

5.00 g Fe mol Fe 2 mol Fe2O3 159.70 g Fe2O3 = 7.15 g Fe2O3

55.85 g Fe 4 mol Fe mol Fe2O3

Molar mass Mole Ratio of Molar mass

of Fe Fe and Fe2O3 of Fe2O3
HERE’S A VIDEO THAT REVIEWS WHAT WE JUST DID:

HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=EHVNIP7G
ASO
USE THIS TO HELP DETERMINE THE
CONVERSION FACTOR TO USE
Stoichiometry allows you to calculate the

• theoretical yield = the maximum amount

of product that can be produced from a
given amount of reactant.
In the lab we can measure the
• actual yield = the amount of product actually
produced when the chemical reaction is
carried out in an experiment.

Then we can calculate the

• percent yield = the ratio of the actual yield to
the theoretical yield expressed as a percent.
Make sure to summarize
what you learned at the
end of the notes.