Segments of GL master data.

1. Chart of accounts segment - Use T code FSP0 to create/view

2. Company code segment. - Use Tcode FSS0 to create/view
Chart of account segment contains 3 tabs
a. Type/description - contains the GL name/description, GL account number, type of the GL -BS
account or P&L account etc
b. Keywords/translation - contains keywords and languages for translation
c. Information - contains info such as created on , created by etc
Comp code segment has 3 tabs
a. Control data - contains fields such as GL currency, tax category sort key etc.
b. create/bank/interest - field status grp, house bank interest indicator etc
c. Information - created on , created by, chart of accounts, controlling area etc.
But if you want to know how to assign a segment (which is an organizational unit representing a
business area/operation of the organization) then
create segment in IMG - Enterprise structure - definition -FA - Define segment
Assign the segment to profit centre in KE52
you can enter the profit centre in line item when you post to the GL and system will derive the
segment from PC. Or you can assign the PC to cost centre in KS02 and use the CC in line item.

Accounts Types

A – Assets, M – Materials, D – Customers, K – Vendors & S – GL Accounts

Fiscal Year Variant

In SAP the fiscal year is assigned as a variant. Posting periods can further be defined in each fiscal
year variant. SAP allows a maximum of 16 posting periods in each fiscal year. It consists of 12
regular posting periods and 4 special periods which can be used for audit or tax adjustments to
already closed periods.

Posting Period Variant

Posting Period Variant is accountable for the opening and closing of periods in a Fiscal Year
for postings to take place. The Posting Period Variants (PPV) in SAP is used to control which
accounting period is open for postings and ensuring that closed period remain balanced and
reconciled.

Document Types

SAP FI - Define Document Type. Advertisements. Document Type Key is used to distinguish between
different business transactions and to classify the accounting documents. It is also used to
determine the number range for documents and account types such as asset, material, vendor, etc.
for posting.

Field Status Variant

Field Status Variant is used to define the fields which are used for input like cost center, profit
center, plant, etc., which are entry fields, and hidden fields. Field status Variant is a tool which is
provided by SAP to assign the same set of properties to more than one object.

Assets under Construction’ (AuC).

The goods and/or services produced, in-house, can be capitalized into asset(s). But, there are two
distinct phases during this process:
Construction phase (AuC)
Utilization phase (useful or economic life phase)
It then becomes necessary to show the assets under these two phases in two different balance sheet
items:
The ‘construction phase’ is one in which you start producing or assembling the asset but it is not yet
ready for economic utilization. SAP categorizes these kinds of assets into a special asset class called
‘Assets under Construction’ (AuC). AUC carries no depreciation

Retained Earnings.

SAP FI - Retained Earnings Account. ... Retained Earnings Account is used to carry forward the
balance from one fiscal year to the next fiscal year. You can assign a Retained Earning Account to
each P&L account in the chart of accounts (COA).
You can define one or more P&L statement account types per chart of accounts and assign them to
retained earnings accounts.

Reconciliation accounts.

When you post items to a subsidiary ledger, the SAP system automatically posts the same data to the
general ledger at the same time. Each subsidiary ledger has one or more reconciliation accounts in
the general ledger. These reconciliation accounts ensure that the balance of G/L accounts is always
zero.

What is Transaction type in SAP?

The object that classifies the business transaction (for example, acquisition, retirement, or transfer),
and determines how the transaction is processed in the SAP system. The transaction type is the
basis for the assignment of the business transaction to a column in the asset history sheet.

What is the Transaction type in AR?

There are 7types of transactions are there in receivables:

1.invoice
2.debitmemo
3.on-account credit
4.creditmemo
5.bills receivables
6.commitment
7.chargebacks

What is pro forma invoice?

"Pro Forma" Invoice is a dummy billing document created in the SAP system to simulate
real invoice values.

What is SAP FICO Architecture?

Sap fico r/3 management is of three tier architecture

where we will be having three layers
1. Presentation layer-which inputs the data
2. Application layer - which converts the data into computer language
3. Database layer- which stores the data

There are three types of environments

1. Development environment
2. Quality environment
3. Production environment