WELDED JOINTS

Permanent joint which is obtained by fusion of the edges of the two parts to be
joined together, with or without the application of pressure and a filler material. The
heat required for the fusion of the materials may be obtained by burning gas or by
an electric arc. The later method is extensively used because of greater speed.

Alternative for casting or forging and as a replacement for bolted and riveted joints,
repair medium (reunite metal at a crack) etc.

Advantages:
1. Lighter than riveted structures
2. More efficiency
3. Alterations and additions
4. Possible to weld any part of a structure (steel) at any point.
5. Less time
6. Sometimes stronger than parent plate
Disadvantages:
1. Distortion/additional stresses may develop.
2. Possibility of development of crack
3. Inspection is difficult
4. Skill
Welded joints are subjected to residual stresses due to non-uniform heating of
the parts being joined.

Methods to reduce residual stresses:

1. Preheating of the weld area to retard cooling of the metal in the vicinity of
the joint

2. Normalising and annealing

3. Hand peening (while joint is hot-Induces compressive residual stresses:

Good for fatigue applications)
Types of Welded Joints:

1. Lap Joint/Fillet Joints

2. Butt Joint
Strength of Transverse Fillet Welded Joints:
Strength of Parallel Fillet Welded Joints:

Combination of Single Transverse and Double Parallel Fillet Welded Joint:

Strength of Butt Welded Joints:
T‐sections, C – sections etc.
Eccentrically Loaded Welded Joints:
CASE I:
CASE II:
Weld Inspection:

1. Visual examination.
2. Radio-graphical examination by X- & γ- rays.
3. Magnetic crack detection.
4. Crack detection by Ultrasonic vibrations.