Shaheed EAzam Ashfhaqulla Khan

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M.Com; LLB; D.P.M; D.L.L ;
Sahitya Ratna (Hindi)
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Shaheed-e-Azam ASHFHAQULLA KHAN

TIP Series No. : 140
Written by : Syed Naseer Ahamed
All Rights Reserved with Publishers
First Edition : May 2006
Copies : 2000
ISBN : 81-88241-35-0
Published by : Telugu Islamic Publications
Sandesha Bhavanam,
Lakkadkot, Chatta Bazar,
Hyderabad-500 002. India.
Phone: 24564583
Fax : +91 +40 + 24576237
e-mail: tiphyderabad@rediffmail.com
website: www.teluguislamiclit.org
Typeset by : Geeturai Graphics
Lakkadkot, Hyderabad-2.
Printed at : : Cosmic Printers
Lakkadkot, Hyderabad-2.
Price : Rs. 25
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Jã¨Å∞ #=∞‡ÖË^Œ∞. J~Ú`Õ PëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ ^Õâ◊ÉèíH˜Î Jxfl J_»¤O‰õΩÅ#∂ JkèQÆq∞OKÕ@∞ì KÕã≤Ok.
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K«i„`«`À JOkã¨∂Î ~°K«~Ú`« J^Œ∞ƒù`«OQÍ #_çáê~°∞.
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JOkOKå_»O>Ë P Kåi„`«Hõ =∂~°∞Ê `«^èŒºO. ~Úk K«i„`« K≥Ñ≤Ê# ã¨`«ºO. HÍh ÉèÏ~°`« ^Õâ◊O
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P<å\˜ =Úã≤¡O `åºQÍÅ∞ ãïQÍæ JHõΔ~°|^ŒúO HÍHõáÈ=@O =ÖË¡ D ^Œ∞ã≤÷uH˜ HÍ~°}O. P
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'+¨Ç‘Ï^£–ÜÕ∞–P[O JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ — „QÆO^äŒO.
D Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõOÖ’ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ rq`« K«i„`Àx „Ñ¨^è•# Ñ¶¨∞\ÏìÅ‰õΩ ÃÑ\˜ì# ji¬HõÅ∞ Ü≥∞O`À
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™êfi`«O„`«º ã¨=∞~° *’ºu JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ q∂^Œ WO`« K«Hõ¯x Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHÍxfl ~°zOz# ã¨Ü«∞º^£
#j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£‰Ωõ , Ñ¨Ùã¨HÎ õ „Ñ¨K∞« ~°}Hõ~ÅÎ° #∞ D ãÖ^Œ~ƒ° Où QÍ Jaè#OkOK«Hõ `«ÑÊ¨ ^Œ∞.D Ñ¨Ùã¨HÎ ÍxH˜
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„Ñ¨[Å∞ `≥yOz ZO`«\ ˜ ™êÇ¨Ï™êxÔH·<å ã¨=∂Ü«∞`«ÎO J=Ù`«∞#fl ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’
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Z#fl_»∂ JOwHõiOKÕ"å~°∞ HÍ^Œ∞. ã¨fi^Õj L`«Ê`«∞ÎÅ#∞ "å_®eûOkQÍ PÜ«∞# `«#
t+¨μºÅ‰õΩ É’kèOKÕ"å~°∞. D Ñïã≤÷`«∞Å =Å# JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ =∞øbfi =^ŒÌ ^è•i‡Hõ
q^Œº#∞ <Õ~fi° @O HõO>Ë „a\©+π =ºuˆ~Hõ ÉèÏ"åÅ#∞ ÉÏQÍ JÅ=~°∞Û‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.(Shaheed
Ashfhaqulla Khan Aur Unka Yug (Political Biography), By Sudhir
Vidyarthi, Sandhrabha Prakasan, Shajahanpur, 1988, Page.17)
P ÉèÏ"åÅ „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O`À, POˆQÜ

¡ Ú« Å#∞ Ñ¨~ål`«∞efl KÕ¿ãO^Œ∞‰õΩ @s¯, PÑ¨x… ™ê÷<£
Jkè<Õ`«Å∞ WO_çÜ«∂ q∂^Œ ^•_çKÕã≤ „a\©+π „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixfl ‰õÄÅ^ÀÜ«∂Åx JëêÊùMò
`˘e ~ÀAÅÖ’ PtOKå~°∞. P q^èŒOQÍ @s¯, JÑ¨…x™ê÷<£ ^Õâßkè<Õ`«Å∞ Ü«Ú^ŒúO
„Ñ¨Hõ\ Õz `«~°e =zÛ#@ì~Ú`Õ "åi`À HõÅã≤ „a\©+¨~°¡‰õΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ áÈ~å_®Åx
PÜ«∞# ÉèÏqOKå~°∞. =∞`åaè"Õâ◊O`À =ºHõÎ"≥∞ÿ# JëêÊùMòÖ’x D PHÍOHõΔ P `«~°∞"å`«
`«fii`«QuÆ # PqÔ~á· È~ÚOk. P `«~∞° "åu HÍÅOÖ’, J@∞=O\˜ Jaè„áêÜ«∂Å∞ `«#Ö’
Hõey#O^Œ∞‰õΩ `«##∞, P Jaè„áêÜ«∂Å∞ HõÅ∞QÆKÕã≤# =º‰õΩÎÅ#∞ PÜ«∞# ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ
xOkOKå~°∞. (Shaheed Ashfhaqulla Khan Aur Unka Yug, Page.18)
q=ÚH˜Î áÈ~å@ HÍ~°ºHõÖÏáêÅ ÑïK«Ü«∞O

JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ U_»= `«~°QÆu K«^Œ∞=Ù`«∞#flÑ¨C_»∞, P áê~î°âßÅÖ’ [iy#
XHõ ãÖÑ¶¨∞@# PÜ«∞#Ö’x L^Œº=∞HÍ~°∞_çfl "Õ∞ÖÁ¯eÑ≤Ok. PÜ«∞# rq`« QÆ=∞<åxH˜
P ãÖÑ¶¨∞@# =∂~°æO K«∂Ñ≤Ok. XHõ~ÀA JëêÊùMò áê~î°âßÅ‰õΩ "≥àı§ãïH˜, áê~î°âßÅ
P=~°} JO`å áÈbã¨∞Å`À xO_ç LOk. áÈbã¨∞Å∞ Z=iHÀã¨"≥∂ "≥`«∞‰õΩ`«∞<åfl~°∞.
D Ç¨Ï_®=Ù_ç Pã¨H˜Î HõeyOzOk. q+¨Ü«∞"Õ∞O@x qKåiOK«QÍ Ñ¨^Œ= `«~°QÆu K«^Œ∞=Ù
`«∞#fl ~å*Ï~åO J<Õ q^•ºi÷ HÀãÖ áÈbã¨∞Å∞ =KåÛ~°x, "≥∞ÿ<£Ñ¨Ói ^ÀÑ≤_ç ˆHã¨∞Ö’
J`«_∞» xOk`«∞_»x F ¿ãflÇ≤Ï`«∞_»∞ K≥áêÊ_»∞. ~å*Ï~åO#∞ áÈbã¨∞Å∞ Ñ¨@∞ìHÔ à◊§_®xH˜
HÍ~°}O PÜ«∞# ^˘OQÆ HÍ^Œx J<åfl_»∞. D áê~î°âßÅÖ’ ~å*Ï~åO ÖÏO\˜ q^•º~°∞÷úÅ∞
12
KåÖÏ=∞Ok L<åfl~°<åfl_»∞. „a\©+π „Ñ¨É∞íè `åfixH˜ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ Ñ¨xKÕ¿ã ~°ÇÏ¨ ã¨º ^ŒàÏÅÖ’
g~°∞ ã¨É∞íè ºÅx, „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi Ñ¨HOΔõ =Ç≤ÏOKÕ ^èxŒ ‰õΩÅ#∞ "å~°∞ ^ÀK«∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl~°x `≥eáê_»∞.
~å*Ï~åO ÖÏO\˜ Ü«Ú=‰õΩÅ∞ =∂`«$Éèí∂q∞ Ñ¨@¡ Jáê~° Q“~°=O, „Ñ¨[Å Ñ¨@¡ „¿Ñ=∞
Hõey# "å~°∞, „a\©+¨μ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO QÍx, P „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixH˜ =O`«áê_Õ =º‰õΩÎÅ‰õΩ QÍx
qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å∞ =ºuˆ~‰õ=∞x P q∞„`«∞_»∞ q=iOKå_»∞.
P q=~åÅ∞ JëêÊùMòÖ’ Pã¨H˜Îx Ô~ÔHuÎOKå~Ú. D ãÖ^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ P q∞„`«∞_ç`À
PÜ«∞# Ç¨ã¨º=∂_»∞`«∂, h=Ù ‰õÄ_® ~°Ç¨Ïã¨º ^Œà◊OÖ’x ã¨Éèí∞º_»=x `≥e¿ãÎ x#∞fl
‰õÄ_® JÔ~ã¨∞ì KÕ~ÚOKÕ"å_çfl J<åfl~°∞. JO^Œ∞‰õΩ |^Œ∞Å∞QÍ J`«_»∞ P qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å
=∂kiQÍ `å#∞ ‰õÄ_® ^Õâ◊O HÀãÖ =∞~°}ÕK«_®xH˜ ‰õÄ_® ã≤^ŒúOQÍ L<åfl#x
P<åfl_»∞. P q∞„`«∞_»∞ Ü«∞^ä•ÖÏÑÖQÍ P#fl =∂@Å`À JëêÊùMò Pâ◊Û~åºxH˜ Ö’#Ü«∂º~°∞.
P =∂@Å∞ PÜ«∞# =∞#ã¨∞û#∞ Ñ¨>Ëìâß~Ú.
P „Hõ=∞OÖ’ =∞Oz K«^Œ∞=i J~Ú# JëêÊùMò Ñ¨Å∞ Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHÍÅ∞, Ñ¨„uHõÅ ^•fi~å
^ÕâO◊ Ö’ „a\©+π „Ñ¨É∞íè `åfixH˜ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#fl L^Œº=∂Å∞–áÈ~å\ÏÅ QÆ∞iOz
`≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ™êQÍ~°∞. P áÈ~å\ÏÅÖ’ ÉˇOQÍÖò‰õΩ K≥Ok# qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å ™êÇ¨Ï™êÅ∞, N
Y∞n~åO É’ãπ, N Hõ#›Ü«∞ÖÏÖò ÖÏO\˜ Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å „áê}`åºQÍÅ QÆ∞iOz `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ#fl
JëêÊùMò `å#∞ ‰õÄ_® JO`«\ "˜ å_»∞ HÍ"åÅx, P g~°∞ÖÏ¡Qˆ =∂`«$Éè∂í q∞ HÀãÖ áÈ~å_®
Åx, „áê}ÏÅ∞ JiÊOKåÅx HõÅÅ∞ Hõ#_»O „áê~°OaèOKå~°∞.
JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∂xH˜ PHõi¬`«∞Öˇ·<å, P L^Œº=∂Å q[Ü«∞O
g∞^Œ Ñ¨Å∞ J#∞=∂<åÅ∞O_Õq. QÆ∞ÃÑÊ_»∞ =∞Ok ‰õÄ_® ÖËx ~°Ç¨Ïã¨º^Œà◊ ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ∞,
H˘xfl `«∞áê‰õΩÅ`À, =∞iH˘xfl PÜ«Ú^è•Å`À Jxfl ~°HÍÅ PÜ«Ú^è•Å∞, JOQÆ|ÅO
QÆÅ „a\©+π „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixfl Z^Œ∞~À¯QÆÅ~å? P q^èŒOQÍ â◊`«$=Ù#∞ Z^Œ∞~˘¯x q[Ü«∞O
™êkèOK«QÆÅ=∂? Jk ™ê^èŒº=∂? qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å ™êÇ¨Ï™êÅ∞, `åºQÍÅ∞ ã¨`«Êùe`åÅ#∞
™êkèOK«QÆÅ"å? J<Õ „Ñ¨â◊flÅ∞ PÜ«∞##∞ "ÕkèOK«™êQÍ~Ú. P „Ñ¨â◊flÅ‰õΩ ã¨=∂^è•#O
JO^Œ H õ ã¨ ` « = ∞`« =∞=Ù`« ∞ <åfl PÜ« ∞ # =∞ã≤ Î + ¨ ¯ O =∞Ç¨  `« ∞ ‡_» ∞ P~° O aè O z#
ã¨Ç¨ Ü«∞x~åHõ~}° À^Œº=∞O kâ◊QÍ PHõi¬OK«|_çOk. JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ áê~îâ° ßÅ q^•ºi÷QÍ
„a\©+π =ºuˆ~Hõ L^Œº=∞OÖ’ áêÖÁæ<åÅ#∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. P „Ñ¨Ü«∞`«flOÖ’ ÉèÏQÆOQÍ `«#‰õΩ
ÑïK«Ü«∞O J~Ú# ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞ x~åHõ~°} L^Œº=∞OÖ’ áêÖÁæx ™êÇ¨Ï™È¿Ñ`« ™êfi`«O„`«º
ã¨=∞~°Ü∂≥ ^è∞Œ x rq`åxfl z#fl<å@<Õ P~°OaèOKå~°∞. (Great Revolutionary Martyr
Ashfaqullah Khan, Bhasha Sangam, Allahabad, 2001, Page.5)
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ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞ x~åHõ~°}À^ŒºOÖ’ ÉèÏQÆ™êfiq∞
Ñ¨~å~Ú áêÅ‰õΩÅ∞ ã¨fi[#∞Å q∂^Œ ™êyã¨∞Î#fl ÃÑ`«Î#O, AÅ∞O#∞ QÆ=∞xã¨∞Î#fl
JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ ¿ãfiK«Ûù–™êfi`«O„`åºÅ HÀãÖ ™êQÆ∞`«∞#fl „a\©+¨μ =ºuˆ~Hõ áÈ~å\ÏÅ Ñ¨@¡
PHõi¬`∞« ÅÜ«∂º~°∞. QÍOnèr <åÜ«∞Hõ`fi« OÖ’ ™êQÆ∞`«∞#fl L^Œº=∞OÖ’ PÜ«∞# áê~îâ° ßÅ
q^•ºi÷QÍ áêÖÁæ<åfl~°∞. „a\©+¨~°¡ ÉÏxã¨`åfixH˜ „Ñ¨fHõÖˇ·# U =ã¨∞Î=Ù#∞ ‰õÄ_® WHõ
"å_»~å^Œx PÜ«∞# x~°‚~ÚOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ =„™êÎÅ∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ HÍ^Œ∞, "åi
=„ã¨Î^è•~°}#∞ ‰õÄ_® PÜ«∞# =ºuˆ~HÕ
Kå~°∞. ã¨fi^Õj =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ#∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ "å_»
=∞<åfl~°∞. =∂`«$^Õâ◊O HÀãÖ rqOK«
=∞O@∂ „Ñ¨Kå~°O P~°OaèOKå~°∞.
D K«~°º PÜ«∞# ‰õΩ@∞Oc‰õΩÅ‰õΩ
#K«ÛÖË^Œ∞. ZO`«QÍ K≥Ñ≤Ê<å PëêÊùMò =∂@
q#ÖË^Œ∞. z=~°‰õΩ q∞+¨<£ ã¨∂¯Öò #∞O_ç
PÜ« ∞ ##∞ |Ç≤ Ï +¨ ¯ iOKå~° ∞ . JëêÊù M ò
‰õΩ@∞Oc‰õΩÅO`å L#fl`« q^•º=O`«∞Å∞ HÍ=@O, PÜ«∞# =∂„`«O K«^∞Œ =Ù Ñ¨@¡ JO`«QÍ
„â◊^ŒúÌ K«∂Ñ¨‰õáÈ=@O, „a\©+¨μ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi =ºuˆ~Hõ L^Œº=∂ÅÖ’ ÉèÏQÆ™êfiq∞ HÍ=@O
Ñ¨@¡ ‰õΩ@∞Oc‰õΩÅ∞ P„QÆÇ≤ÏOKå~°∞. `«e¡ `«O„_»∞Å∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞HÍ^Œ∞ PÜ«∞# K«^Œ∞=Ù`«∞#fl
Abbie Rich Mission High School „Ñ¨^è•<Àáê^è•ºÑ¨‰õΩ_»∞ ‰õÄ_® P„QÆÇ≤ÏOz
PÜ«∞##∞ áê~î°âßÅ #∞O_ç |Ç≤Ï+¨¯iOKå~°∞.
P |Ç≤Ï+¨¨¯~°}‰õΩ PÜ«∞# ÉÏ^èŒÑ¨_»ÖË^Œ∞. JO`«Ö’ QÍOnèl ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞x~åHõ~°}
L^Œº=∂xfl q~°q∞OKå~°∞. P K«~°º`À PÜ«∞# =∞ã≤Îëêflxfl qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞ ÉèÏ"åÅ∞ K«∞@∞ì
=Ú\Ïì~Ú. Ju H˘kÌ=∞Ok PÜ«Ú^è•Å`À áÈ~å_ç POˆQ¡Ü«∞ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixH˜ K«~°=∞w`«O
áê_»QÅÆ ~å ? J#fl „Ñ¨âfl◊ Ñ¨Ù#~å=$`«"∞≥ Oÿ k. P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ XHõ qÑ¨=¡ HÍ~°∞x g~Àz`«
K«~°º â◊`«$Ãã·#ºO q^èŒºOãÖ #∞O_ç PÜ«∞# `«# ^Õâßxfl ZÖÏ HÍáê_çO^À `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù
Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõO Å"£ PÑ¶π HõO„\© PÜ«∞# ÅaèOzOk. P Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõOÖ’ â◊`«$Ãã·#ºO `«# ^Õâ◊O
g∞^Œ q~°∞K«∞‰õΩÑ¨_»∞`«∞#flÑ¨C_»∞ =ÚQÆ∞æ~°∞ q∞„`«∞Å ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~°O`À _»~°ƒ<£ #k g∞^Œ∞#fl
=O`≥##∞ q^èfiŒ OãÖ KÕã,≤ â◊`$« Ããx· ‰õΩÅ#∞ #QÆ~O° Ö’H˜ „Ñ¨"tÕ OÑ¨x=fi‰õΩO_® xÅ∞=iOz,
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`«# „Ñ¨[Å#∞ HÍáê_»∞‰õΩ#fl qÑ¨=¡ HÍ~°∞_»∞ Ç¨iã¨<£ áê„`« JëêÊùMò#∞ ÉÏQÍ PHõi¬OzOk.
P ™êÇ¨Ïã≤‰õΩx `≥yOÑ¨Ù ã¨=∞Ü«∞ã¨∂ÊùiÎ ZO`À L`ÕÎ[O HõeyOzOk. JÑ¨Ê\˜ #∞O_ç
PÜ«∞# =∞ã≤Î+¨¯OÖ’ =Úã¨∞~°∞‰õΩ#fl J#∞=∂<åÅ ^˘O`«~°Å∞ „Hõ=∞„Hõ=∞OQÍ XHÀ¯Hõ¯\˜
`˘ÅyáÈ™êQÍ~Ú.
P<å\˜ #∞O_ç Éèíq+¨º`«∞Î HÍ~åºK«~°} QÆ∞iOz PÖ’zã¨∞Î#fl JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡‰õΩ
XHõ~ÀA# Láê^è•ºÜ«ÚÖÁHõ~∞° „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K« qÑ¨=¡ g~°∞Å rq`« K«i„`«Å Ñ¨Ùã¨HÎ Íxfl WKåÛ~°∞.
P Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõOÖ’ „Ñ¨ÑÖK«OÖ’x qÑ¨¡=Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å rq`« K«i„`«Å∞ ^Œ$j≈HõiOz L<åfl~Ú.
PëêÊùMò‰õΩ P Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõO Wã¨∂Î D Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõO |Ç¨ï=∞uQÍ fã¨∞HÀ=_®xH˜ h=Ù =∂„`«"Õ∞
J~°∞›_»=Ù, JO^Œ∞Hõx h‰õΩ Wã¨∞Î<åfl#x PÜ«∞# J<åfl~°∞. P =∂@Å∞ JëêÊùMòÖ’
HÕz`«∞Î QÆ~åfixfl HõeyOKå~Ú. PÜ«∞# Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHÍxfl KåÖÏ nHõΔQÍ K«k"å~°∞. Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõO
K«^Œ∞=Ù`«∞#flO`« HÍÅO Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõOÖ’x XH˘¯Hõ¯ g~°∞_»∞ `«# =ÚO^Œ∞ xez, Jã¨=∂#
^è≥·~°º™êÇ¨Ï™êÅ∞ „Ñ¨^Œi≈ã¨∂Î, qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞ ãÖÑ¶¨∞@#Å#∞ Ñ¨Óã¨QÆ∞zÛ q=iOz#@∞¡QÍ
PÜ«∞# ÉèÏqOKå~°∞.
P Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõ Ñ¨~î°#O ™êy<åHõ PÜ«∞# =∞ã≤Î+¨¯O Ñ¨Å∞ „Ñ¨â◊flÅ‰õΩ "ÕkHõ~ÚºOk. P
Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõOÖ’x qÑ¨¡= Ü≥∂^èŒ∞ÖÏ¡ˆQ `«#‰õÄ =∂`«$^Õâ◊O HÀãÖ rq`åxfl Ñ¨}OQÍ ÃÑ>Ëì
ã¨∞=~å‚=HÍâ◊O Åaèã¨∞ÎO^•? `å#∞ ‰õÄ_® qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞_»∞ HÍQÆÅ_®? P =∞Ç¨Ï^•ƒùQÆºO
`«#‰õÄ ^Œ‰õΩ¯`«∞O^•? Jx PÜ«∞# `«#∞fl`å#∞ Ñ¨Å∞=∂~°∞¡ „Ñ¨tflOK«∞ HÀ™êQÍ~°∞. P
„Ñ¨âfl◊ Å‰õΩ PÜ«∞# ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ ã¨=∂^è•#O K≥ÑC¨ ‰õΩO@∂, =∂`«$^ÕâO◊ HÀãÖ „áê}ÏÅ#∞
`åºQÆO KÕÜ∞« QÆÅ qÑ¨"¡ À^Œº=∞ HÍ~åºK«~}
° #∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOK«∞‰õΩ <ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ã≤^=úŒ ∞Ü«∂º~°∞.
qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å ÑïK«Ü«∞O
„Ñ¨ÑO¨ K« qÑ¨"¡ À^Œº=∂Å∞, P qÑ¨"¡ À^Œº=∂Å‰õΩ rq`åÅ#∞ JiÊ`«O KÕã,≤ ã¨fi[#
Ç≤Ï`«O HÀ~°∞`«∂, Ñ¨~å~Ú áêÅ‰õΩÅ ÉÏxã¨`«fiO #∞O_ç =∂`«$^ÕâßÅ q=ÚH˜Î HÀãÖ
áÈ~å_»∞`«∞#fl qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å ™êÇ¨Ï™È¿Ñ`« rq`åÅ ^•fi~å ã¨∂ÊùiÎ á⁄Ok# JëêÊùMò
=∂`«$^Õâ◊O HÀãÖ „áê}ÏÅ∞ JiÊOz# qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞xQÍ P qâ◊fiqMÏº`« qÑ¨¡= g~°∞Å
ã¨~°ã¨# xÅ|_®Åx f~å‡xOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. JÑ¨Ê\˜ #∞O_ç qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å ¿ãflÇ¨ÏO HÀãÖ
„Ñ¨Ü«∞`åflÅ∞ „áê~°OaèOKå~°∞. Jcƒ iKü q∞+¨<£ ÃÇ·Ïã¨∂¯Öò Ö’x ã¨Ç¨Ï q^•ºi÷ N
15
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
~å*Ï~åO ÑïK«Ü«∞O HÀãÖ „Ñ¨Ü«∞uflOKå~°∞. Páê\˜H˜ PÜ«∞# JÔ~ã¨∞ì HÍ=_»O`À
Jk ™ê^èŒºO HÍÖË^Œ∞. N ~å*Ï~åO JÔ~ã¨∞ì [iy#Ñ¨C_»∞ `«# q∞„`«∞_»∞ POkOz#
ã¨=∂Kå~°O "Õ∞~°‰õΩ, `«# áê~î°âßÅÖ’x W`«~° qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å HÀãÖ PÜ«∞# J<Õfi+¨}
„áê~°OaèOKå~°∞.
P „Ñ¨Ü∞« `«flOÖ’ JëêÊùMò LO_»QÍ, XHõ q∞„`«∞_»∞ PÜ«∞#‰õΩ P#O^£=∞~îü „QÆO^ä•xfl
WKåÛ_»∞. Jk Ç≤ÏOnÖ’ ~åã≤ LOk. JëêÊùMò‰õΩ Ç≤ÏOn ãïQÍæ ~å#O^Œ∞=Å¡ =∞~˘Hõ
q∞„`«∞_ç ^•fi~å P Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHÍxfl K«kqOK«∞‰õΩx Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ q<åfl~°∞. P Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõO K«^Œ∞=Ù`«∂,
P Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõOÖ’x qâıëêÅ#∞ K«iÛOK«∞‰õΩO@∞#fl ãÖ^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞OÖ’ „Ñ¨=ÚY
áê„`« =Ç≤Ïã¨∞Î#fl, P áê~î°âßÅ‰õΩ K≥Ok# =∞~À q^•ºi÷ N ÑÖ_ç`ü ~åO„Ñ¨™ê^£ aã≤‡Öò
QÆ∞iOz P q∞„`«∞_»∞ K≥áêÊ_»∞. P ~åO„Ñ¨™ê^£ aã≤‡Öò ‰õÄ_® PëêÊùMò ã¨fi„QÍ=∞"≥∞ÿ#
ëê[Ç¨<£ÑÓ¨ ~ü‰Ωõ K≥Ok#"å~°∞. PëêÊùMò J#flÜ«∞º iÜ«∂`«∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£‰Ωõ aã≤‡Öò q∞„`«∞_»∞
=∂„`«"Õ∞ HÍ^Œ∞, Abbie Rich Mission High School Ö’ PÜ«∞# ã¨Ç¨Ïq^•ºi÷.
P =∂„`«O ã¨=∂Kå~°O JO^Œ@OÖ’ N ~åO „Ñ¨™ê^£ aã≤‡Öò ÑïK«Ü«∞O HÀãÖ
JëêÊùMò „Ñ¨Ü«∞`åflÅ∞ „áê~°OaèOKå~°∞. JëêÊùMò‰õΩ N aã≤‡Öò ÑïK«Ü«∞O JO`« `ÕeQÍæ
^˘~°HõÖË^Œ∞. XHõ™êi ëê[Ç¨<£Ñ¨Ó~ü Ñ¨@ì}O ã¨g∞áê# QÆÅ 'M∫<Òfl`ü— #k f~å# QÆÅ
Wã¨∞Hõ u<≥flÅ g∞^Œ ã¨Éèí [iyOk. PO^Œ∞Ö’ ~åO„Ñ¨™ê^£ aã≤‡Öò áêÖÁæO@∞#fl@∞ì
`≥eã≤ PÜ«∞# ÑïK«Ü«∞O HÀ~°∞`«∂ JëêÊùMò ‰õÄ_® ã¨Éèí‰õΩ Ç¨Ï[~°Ü«∂º~°∞. P ã¨ÉèíÖ’
N aã≤‡Öò „Ñ¨ãÖyã¨∂Î, =∂`«$Éèí∂q∞ ¿ãfiK«Ûù HÀãÖ Z@∞=O\˜ `åºQÍxÔH·<å `å#∞
ã≤^=úŒ ∞x „Ñ¨H\õ O˜ Kå~°∞. =∂`«$Éè∂í q∞H˜ ¿ãfiK«Ûù „Ñ¨™êkOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ `«# ÖÏO\˜ Ü«Ú=‰õΩÅ∞
‰õÄ_® JO^Œ∞‰õΩ ã≤^ŒúO HÍ"åÅx PÜ«∞# HÀ~å~°∞. P „Ñ¨ãÖQÆO JëêÊùMò#∞ =ÚQÆ∞Ì_çfl
KÕãO≤ k. P Hõ}Δ Ï# ~åO„Ñ¨™ê^£ aã≤‡Öò =∂~°^æ ~Œ ≈° Hõ`fi« OÖ’ qÑ¨"¡ À^Œº=∞OÖ’ „Ñ¨"tÕ OKåÅx
JëêÊùMò x~°‚~ÚOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
=Úã≤¡O Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å‰õΩ JyflÑ¨sHõΔ

P ã¨ÉèíÖ’ "≥Ú@ì"≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ™êiQÍ N ~åO„Ñ¨™ê^£ aã≤‡Öò#∞ JëêÊùMò K«∂™ê~°∞.
JÑ¨Ê\˜ #∞Oz PÜ«∞# aã≤‡Öò#∞ `«~°K«∞QÍ HõÅ=™êQÍ~°∞. PÜ«∞#`À =∂\Ï¡_ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ
„Ñ¨Ü«∞uflOKå~°∞. JëêÊùMò Zxfl™ê~°∞¡ Hõeã≤<å aã≤‡Öò PÜ«∞##∞ ãïQÍæ Ñ¨ÅHõiOKÕ"å~°∞
16
HÍ^Œ∞. JëêÊùMò Ñ¨@¡ x~°¡HõΔ ºOQÍ =º=Ç¨ÏiOKå~°∞. HõhãÖ =∞~åº^ŒÑ¨Ó~°fiHõ Ñ¨ÅHõiOÑ¨Ù
ÖËHõáÈQÍ JëêÊùMò#∞ J#∞=∂xOKå~°∞. P J#∞=∂<åÅ∞–J==∂<åÅ#∞ JëêÊùH±
U=∂„`«O Ñ¨\ ˜ìOK«∞HÀ‰õΩO_® `«# „Ñ¨Ü«∞`åflÅ∞ H˘#™êyOKå~°∞.
D Ñïã≤÷u P<å_»∞ ˆH=ÅO XHõ¯ JëêÊùMò‰õΩ =∂„`«"Õ∞ Ñïq∞`«O HÍ^Œ∞.
=∂`«$^Õâ◊O HÀãÖ „áê}ÏÅ∞ `«$}„áêÜ«∞OQÍ ÉèÏqOz# =Úã≤¡O qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞ÅÖ’
Ñ¨Å∞=ÙiH˜ D KÕ^Œ∞ J#∞Éèí"åÅ∞ `«Ñ¨ÊÖË^Œ∞. JkfifÜ«∞ ^Õâßaè=∂#O Hõey# =ºH˜ÎQÍ
MÏºuQÍOz# =∞øÖÏ<å J|∞Öò HõÖÏO P*Ï^£‰Ωõ ‰õÄ_® W@∞=O\˜ ^Œ∞~°^$Œ +¨Hì ~õ ° Ñïã≤u÷
Z^Œ∞~°~ÚºOk. ÉˇOQÍÖò‰Ωõ K≥Ok# qÑ¨=¡ „QÆ∂Ñ¨Ù J#∞jÅ# ã¨q∞uÖ’ =∞øÖÏ<å J|∞Öò
HõÖÏO ã¨Éèíº`«fiO HÀ~å~°∞. =∞øÖÏ<å =Úã≤¡O HÍ=_»O =Å¡ PÜ«∞#∞fl J#∞=∂xOz
ã¨q∞uÖ’ ã¨Éºíè `«fiO W=fix~åHõiOK«_O» [iyOk. QÆ`º« O`«~O° ÖËHõ =∞øÖÏ<å ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ
^•~°∞Öò W~å¬^£ J<Õ qÑ¨=¡ ãÖÑ¶∂¨ xfl ™ê÷ÑO≤ Kå~°∞. =∂`«$Éè∂í q∞ q=ÚH˜Î HÀãÖ „áê}ÏÅ#∞
`åºQÆO KÕÜ«∞QÆÅ=∞x ^•~°∞Öò W~å¬^£ ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ KÕ`« Ñ¨q„`« „QÆO^äŒO Y∞~üP<£ ™êH˜ΔQÍ
dkúÑ¨Ó~ü ã¨‡âß#OÖ’ „Ñ¨=∂}O KÕ~ÚOKå~°∞. P `«~°∞"å`« H˘O`« HÍÖÏxH˜ ÉˇOQÍÅ∞
qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å∞ =∞øÖÏ<å#∞ Q“~°qOK«@"Õ∞ HÍ‰õΩO_®, PÜ«∞# ã¨ÅÇ¨Å "Õ∞~°‰õΩ qÑ¨¡=
HÍ~°ºHõÖÏáêÅ#∞ Ñ¨Å∞ „áêO`åÅ‰õΩ qã¨ÎiOÑ¨KÕâß~°∞.
D q+¨Ü«∂Å#∞ =∞øÖÏ<å P*Ï^£ `«# WO_çÜ«∂ q<£û „Ñ¶‘_»O „QÆO^äŒOÖ’
q™êÎ~°OQÍ `≥eáê~°∞. P `«~°∞"å`« =∞øÖÏ<å qÑ¨¡=ÉÏ@Ö’ H˘O`« ^Œ∂~°O „Ñ¨Ü«∂}Õz
=∞Ç¨`å‡ QÍOnè „Ñ¨ÉèÏ=O`À JÇ≤ÏO™È^Œº=∂xfl J#∞ãïOz# q+¨Ü«∞O `≥eã≤O^Õ.
(‘ In fact all the revolutionary groups were then actively
anti -Muslim…At first they did not fully trust me and tried to
keep me outside their inner council..’,-India Wins Freedom,
Moulana Abul Kalam Azad, Orient Longman, Delhi, 1998,
Page. 5)
JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ =Úã≤¡O Ü«Ú=‰õΩ_»∞ Hõ#∞Hõ PÜ«∞# x*Ï~Úux, x|^Œú`«#∞
ÑÖ_ç`« ~åO„Ñ¨™ê^£ aã≤‡Öò â◊OHÕKå~°∞. XHõ¯™êÔ~·<å JëêÊùMò`À =∂\Ï¡_»_®xH˜
aã≤‡Öò HõhãÖ W+¨ìÑ¨_»ÖË^Œ∞. PÜ«∞##∞ ^Œà◊OÖ’H˜ fã¨∞HÀÖË^Œ∞. Ñ¨Å∞=∂~°∞¡ PÜ«∞#
aã≤‡Öò u~°™ê¯~åxH˜ QÆ∞~°Ü«∂º~°∞. J~Ú<å JëêÊùH± =∂„`«O Ñ¨@∞ì=^ŒÖË¡^Œ∞. aã≤‡Öò
17
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
ÑïK«Ü«∞O HÀãÖ „Ñ¨Ü«∞`åflÅ∞ U=∂„`«O g_»ÖË^Œ∞. aã≤‡Öò ^•fi~å qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞ „Ñ¨"Õâ◊O
HÀãÖ PÜ«∞# xifi~å=∞OQÍ „Ñ¨Ü«∞uflOK«™êQÍ~°∞.
XHõ™êi ÑÖ_ç`ü ~åO„Ñ¨™ê^£ aã≤‡Öò#∞ ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ HõÅã≤ qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞O QÆ∞iOz
K«iÛOKåÅx JëêÊùMò Ñ¨@∞ì|\Ïì~°∞. JO^Œ∞‰õΩ aã≤‡Öò JOwHõiOK«‰õΩ<åfl, JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡
Ñ¨\ ˜ì# Ñ¨@∞ì q=_»ÖË^Œ∞. JëêÊùMò Pxfl ~À[Å∞QÍ aã≤‡Öò K«∞@∂ì`å u~°QÆ@O`À,
z=~°‰õΩ PÜ«∞# ky=zÛ JëêÊùMò Jaèëêìxfl JOwHõiOK«Hõ `«Ñ¨ÊÖË^Œ∞.
D q+¨Ü«∂xfl aã≤‡Öò ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ `«# P`«‡Hõ^äŒÖ’ „Ñ¨™êÎqã¨∂Î, <å‰õΩ ÉÏQÍ
QÆ∞~°∞Î, K«„Hõ=iÎ HõΔ=∂„Ñ¨Hõ@# J#O`«~°O <Õ#∞ ëê*Ç¨<£Ñ¨Ó~ü uiy =zÛ#Ñ¨C_»∞ h=Ù
"≥Ú^Œ@ ##∞fl ã¨∂¯Å∞Ö’ Hõe™ê=Ù. ##∞fl HõÅ∞ã¨∞HÀ"åÅ<Õ HÀÔ~¯ h =∞#ã¨∞ûÖ’ ZO`«QÍ<À
LO_çOk. "≥∞ÿ#Ñ¨Ùi ‰õΩ„@ QÆ∞iOz <å`À H˘O`« =∂\Ï¡_®Åx h=Ù HÀ~å=Ù. ã¨∂¯Å∞Ö’
K«k"Õ XHõ =Úã≤¡O q^•ºi÷ <å`À ~ÚÖÏO\˜ q+¨Ü«∂Å QÆ∞iOz „Ñ¨™êÎqã¨∞Î<åfl_»x
â◊OHÕz <Õ#∞ h „Ñ¨â◊flÅ‰õΩ ZO`À L¿ÑHõΔ`À ["å|∞ WKåÛ#∞. hHõÑ¨C_»∞ ZO`À MË^ŒO
HõeyOk. h Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ∞« OÖ’x ÉèÏ"åÅ∞ h =ÚYHõ=oHõÖ’¡ ã¨Ê+Öì QÍ QÀK«iOKå~Ú.J~Ú`Õ
h=O`«\ ˜`À q~°q∞OK«∞HÀHõ ^èŒ$_è»xâ◊ÛÜ«∞O`À xeKå=Ù. U^Àq^èŒOQÍ gÅ∞ K«∂ã¨∞‰õΩx
ÅHÀfl HÍO„ÔQã¨∞Ö’ <å`À =∂\Ï¡_®=Ù, (aã≤‡Öò P`«‡Hõ^èŒ, ¿Ñl.105) Jx ~åâß~°∞.
JëêÊùMò Ñ¨@∞ìg_»‰õΩO_® aã≤‡Öò "≥O@Ñ¨_ç PÜ«∞#`À =∂\Ï¡_»∞`«∂, `«##∞
ZÖÏÔQ·<å ~°Ç¨Ïã¨º ^Œà◊OÖ’H˜ fã¨∞HÀ=∞x HÀ~°™êQÍ~°∞. qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞OÖ’ `å#∞
Ñ¨xKÕÜ∂« Åx J#∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl#x aã≤‡Öò`À K≥áêÊ~°∞. z=~°‰Ωõ <Õ#∞ |∂@HõÑÙ¨ =∞x+≤x
HÍ#∞, JO@∂ JëêÊùMò `«# „Ñ¨Ü«∞`åflÅ#∞ =∞iO`« L^èŒ$`«O KÕ™ê~°∞. aã≤‡Öò
q∞„`«∞Å ^•fi~å ‰õÄ_® ã≤á¶ê~°ã¨∞û KÕ~ÚOKå~°∞. z=~°‰õΩ PëêÊùMò Ñ¨@∞ì^ŒÅ, ^Œ$_è»
nHõΔ#∞ aã≤‡Öò ÔQ“~°qOK«Hõ `«Ñ¨ÊÖË^Œ∞. JëêÊùMò =∂\Ö’¡ x*Ï~Úf qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞O
Ñ¨@¡ PÜ«∞#‰õΩ#fl x|^Œ`ú #« ∞ Ñ¨sHÕΔ KåHõ, JëêÊùMò`À ãŸº`«‰Ωõ aã≤‡Öò JOwHõiOKå~°∞.
D q+¨Ü«∂xfl „Ñ¨™êÎqã¨∂Î, h q∞„`«∞Å`À K≥Ñ≤ÊOz <å‰õΩ #=∞‡HõO HõeyOK«
„Ñ¨Ü«∞uflOKå=Ù. z=~°‰õΩ h"Õ <≥QÍæ=Ù. h „Ñ¨Ü«∞`åflÅ =Å# <å Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∞OÖ’ h‰õΩ
KÀ@∞ ^˘iHÕk. ÃÑ·QÍ g∞ J#fl L~°∂Ì q∞_çÖò ã¨∂¯ÖòÖ’ <å ã¨Ç¨Ïáêiî, q∞„`«∞_Õ#fl
ãÖQÆu `≥eã≤ <å‰õΩ =∞s ãÖ`À+¨"≥∞ÿOk, Jx `«~°∞"å`« ~åO„Ñ¨™ê^£ aã≤‡Öò J<åfl~°∞.
(aã≤‡Öò P`«‡Hõ^äŒè, ¿Ñl.105).
18
aã≤‡Öò – JëêÊùMòÅ ¿ãflÇ¨ÏO
L`«Î~° ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊OÖ’ P<å_»∞ qq^èŒ â◊‰õΩÎÅ, =º‰õΩÎÅ „Ñ¨ÉèÏ=O =Å# Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂
–=Úã≤O¡ Å =∞^èºŒ ã¨`û« O|O^è•Å∞ ÖË=Ù. Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂, =∞ã≤O¡ Å =∞^èºŒ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#fl q"å^•Å∞
™ê=∞~°ã¨º "å`å=~°}Ïxfl K≥_»Q˘\Ïì~Ú. P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ aã≤‡Öò – JëêÊùMòÅ =∞^èŒº
U~°Ê_ç# ¿ãflÇ¨ÏO KåÖÏ=∞OkH˜ Pâ◊Û~°ºO HõeyOzOk.
JëêÊùMò W™ê¡O ^èŒ~å‡#∞~°‰õΩÎ_»∞. W™ê¡O P^ÕâßÅ#∞ `«∞.K«. `«Ñ¨ÊHõ áê\ÕKÕ
xëêìQÆi+¨μì_≥·# ^è•i‡‰õΩ_»∞. ÑÖ_ç`« aã≤‡Öò „H˜Ü«∂jÅHõ J~°ºã¨=∂r‰õΩ_»∞. ã¨<å`«#
^èŒ~°‡Ñ¨~åÜ«∞}∞_»∞. Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ =∞`«O #∞O_ç W`«~° =∞`åÖ’¡H˜ "≥o§# "åix â◊√kú
HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞O ^•fi~å uiy Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ =∞`«OÖ’H˜ PÇ¨fixOKÕ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂Å#∞ K«∞~°∞QÍæ
x~°fiÇ≤Ïã¨∞Î#fl =ºH˜Î. =∞`« ^èŒ~å‡Å#∞ |\˜ì Z=iH˜ "å~°∞ ã¨<å`«#∞Å∞QÍ ÑïQÆ}ÕK«|_Õ
=º‰õΩÅÎ ∞ "åi^Œ~Ì ∞° . J@∞=O\˜ =º‰õΩÅÎ =∞^èºŒ U~°Ê_ç# ¿ãflÇ¨Ï|O^èOŒ KåÖÏ K«~Û° hÜ«∂Oâ◊
"≥∞ÿOk.
D ¿ãflÇ¨Ï|O^èOŒ P<å_»∞ ZO`« ãÖK«Å#O ã¨$+≤Oì zO^À, D Ü≥∂^è∞Œ Å QÆ∞iOz
|O^èŒ∞q∞„`«∞Å∞ U=∞#∞‰õΩ<åfl~À aã≤‡Öò `«# P`«‡Hõ^äŒÖ’ D q^èŒOQÍ K≥Ñ¨C‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
JëêÊùMò`À aã≤‡Öò
19
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
XHõ Ñ¨zÛ P~°ºã¨=∂l‰õΩxH˜, XHõ =Úã≤¡=Ú‰õΩ =∞^èŒº ~ÚÖÏ ¿ãflÇ¨ÏO ZÖÏ Hõeã≤Ok?
Jx JO`å =Ú‰õΩ¯ÃÑ· "ÕÖãË ∞¨ ‰õΩ<Õ"åà◊√§. <Õ#∞ =ÚÇ¨Ï=∞‡nÜ«ÚÅ#∞ â◊√kú (Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞=ÙÅ∞QÍ
=∂iÊ_ç) KÕã¨∞ÎO_Õ"å_çx. P~°ºã¨=∂[ =∞Ok~°OÖ’<Õ <å x"åãÖ LO_Õk. HÍx hg
q+¨Ü«∂Å#∞ "Õ\ ˜h HÕz`«Î~Ú<å ÖËHõ¯KÕÜ«∞ÖË^Œ∞. h=Ù =ÚÇ¨Ï=∞‡nÜ«Ú_çq HÍ=_»O
KÕ`« <å q∞„`«∞Å∞ H˘O^Œ~°∞ x#∞fl u~°™ê¯~°ÉèÏ=O`À K«∂ã¨∞ÎO_Õ"å~°∞. HÍh h=Ù
^èŒ$_è»xâ◊ÛÜ«∞O`À xeKå=Ù. ##∞fl HõÅ∞ã¨∞HÀ=_®xH˜ h=Ù P~°ºã¨=∂[ =∞Ok~åxH˜
=zÛáÈ`«∞O_Õ"å_çq. Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂–=Úã≤O¡ Å HõÅÇ¨Å∞ K≥Å~ˆ y#Ñ¨C_»∞ q∂ ¿Ñ@Ö’ JO^Œ~∂°
x#∞fl ÉÏÇ¨Ï@OQÍ ^Œ∂+≤OKÕ"å~°∞. HÍh h "≥Ñ¨C_»∂ "åà◊§ Jaè„áêÜ«∂Å`À
UH©ÉèíqOK«ÖË^Œ∞.(aã≤‡Öò P`«‡Hõ^èŒ, ¿Ñl.105–106)
P~°º ã¨=∂l‰õΩ_≥#· aã≤‡Öò`À ¿ãflÇ¨ÏO =^ŒxÌ JëêÊùH± g∞^Œ PÜ«∞# ‰õΩ@∞Oc‰õΩÅ∞,
ã¨xflÇ≤Ï`« q∞„`«∞Å∞ KåÖÏ XuÎ_ç `≥KåÛ~°∞. JëêÊùMò =∂„`«O aã≤‡Öò ¿ãflÇ¨xfl =^ŒÅ∞HÀÖË^∞Œ .
„Ñü~ÀA aã≤‡Öò`À Hõeã≤ Z‰õΩ¯= ã¨=∞Ü«∞O PÜ«∞#`À QÆ_»∞Ñ¨Ù`«∂, „a\©+¨μ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO
„Ñ¨*Ï =ºuˆ~Hõ K«~º° Å∞, „Ñ¨[Å∞ Ñ¨_∞» `«∞#fl áê@∞¡, ¿ãfiKåÛù–™êfi`«O„`«ºO HÀãÖ ™êQÆ∞`«∞#fl
~°Ç¨Ïã¨º L^Œº=∂Å∞, áÈ~å\ÏÅ Ñï}Ï=∂Å∞ `«k`«~° Ñ¨Å∞ q+¨Ü«∂Å g∞^Œ K«~°ÛÅ∞
[i¿Ñ"å~°∞. ¿ãfiKåÛù–™êfi`«O„`åºÅ∞ J#∞ =∞Ç¨Ï`«~Î ° ÅHΔÍºÅ ™ê^è#Œ ‰õΩ HõOHõ}O Hõ@∞ì‰Ωõ #fl
P Ü≥∂^è∞Œ Å∞ `å=Ú J#∞ãïOKåeû# #∂`«# Ñ¨^HŒä ÍÅ ~°∂Ñ¨HÅõ Ê# QÆ∞iOz PÖ’K«#Å∞
™êyOKå~°∞.
D W~°∞=Ù~°∞ Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å =∞^èŒº =∂`«$^Õâ◊ q=ÚH˜Î ÅHõΔ º"Õ∞ „Ñ¨^è•# |O^èŒ=∞x
ã¨xflÇ≤Ï`«∞Å∞, |O^èŒ∞=ÙÅ∞ J~°÷O KÕã¨∞HÀÖËHõáÈÜ«∂~°∞. P ¿ãflÇ¨Ï ãÖ|O^è•Å ã¨fiÉèÏ=O
`≥eÜ«∞Hõ JëêÊùMò ‰õΩ@∞Oc‰õΩÅ∞ =∞s HõOQÍ~°∞ Ñ¨_®¤~°∞. PÜ«∞<≥Hõ¯_» =∞`«O =^Œe,
â◊√kú KÕ~ÚOK«∞‰õΩx Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞"≥·áÈ`å_À Jx ÉèíÜ«∞Ñ¨_®¤~°∞. aã≤‡Öò`À ¿ãflÇ¨xfl
=∂#∞HÀ"åeûOkQÍ Ñ¨@∞ì|\Ïì~°∞. XHõ™êi J<å~ÀQÆºO =Å# JëêÊMò JÑ¨™ê‡~°Hõ
ã≤÷uÖ’H˜ "≥àÏ§~°∞. |O^èŒ∞=ÙÅ∞, q∞„`«∞Å∞ HõOQÍ~°∞ Ñ¨_»™êQÍ~°∞. P ã≤÷uÖ’ ‰õÄ_®
„Ñü~ÀA HõÅ∞ã¨∞‰õΩx, Z‰õΩ¯= HÍÅO QÆ_ç¿Ñ q∞„`«∞_»∞ aã≤‡Öò#∞ JëêÊùH± HõÅ=iOK«
™êQÍ_»∞. P HõÅ=iOÑ¨Ù`À PÜ«∞# `«# ‰õΩ@∞Oc‰õΩÅÖ’ HõÅHõÅO ã¨$+≤ìOKå~°∞.
D q+¨Ü«∂xfl aã≤‡Öò q=iã¨∂Î, g∞ ¿Ñ@Ö’ JO^Œ~°∂ x#∞fl ÉÏÇ¨@OQÍ<Õ
q=∞i≈ã¨∂Î LO_Õ"å~°∞. z=~°‰õΩ HÍÑ¶≤~ü Jx‰õÄ_® Ñ≤Å∞ã¨∞ÎO_Õ"åà◊√¡. HÍx h"≥Ñ¨C_»∂
"åà◊§ Jaè„áêÜ«∂Å`À UH©ÉèíqOK«ÖË^Œ∞. h‰õΩ <åg∞^Œ „Ñ¨QÍ_è» Jaè=∂#O LO_Õk.
J~Ú`Õ h=Ù <å¿Ñ~°∞#∞ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ Ñ≤Å∞=QÆeˆQ"å_çq HÍ^Œ∞. h"≥Å¡Ñ¨C_»∂ ##∞fl ~å"£∞
20
Jx ãÖÉ’kèã∞¨ OÎ _Õ"å_çq. XHõ™êi h=Ù f„="≥∞#ÿ QÆ∞O_≥^_Œ » (Palpitation of heart)
=zÛ JKÕ`«#OQÍ Ñ¨_çáÈÜ«∂=Ù. h <À\˜ #∞O_ç =∂\˜=∂\˜H˜ '~å"£∞..Ç¨Üü∞.. ~å"£∞—
J#∞ â◊ÉÏÌÖË "≥Å∞=_®¤~Ú. ^•x`À h=^ŒÌ xÅ|_»¤ g∞ ™È^Œ~°∞Å∞, |O^èŒ∞[#∞ÅO`å
~Ú^Õq∞\˜ÖÏ '~å"£∞..~å"£∞— JO@∞<åfl_»x =∞Ç¨â◊Û~°ºÑ¨_çáÈ™êQÍ~°∞. Jˆ~ 'JÖÏ¡..
JÖÏ¡...JÖÏ¡ J#~å— Jx x#∞fl HÀ~°™êQÍ~°∞. HÍx h=Ù ~å"£∞..~å"£∞ J#_»O =∂#ÖË^∞Œ .
D ~å=∞<å=∞ [ÑÖ ~°Ç¨Ïã¨ºO `≥eã≤# q∞„`«∞_˘Hõ~°∞ JHõ¯_çH˜ ~å=_»O, `«HõΔ}"Õ∞
##∞fl Ñ≤eÑ≤OK«_»O [iyOk. ##∞fl Hõeã≤# `«~åfi`Õ h‰õΩ LÑ¨â◊=∞#O HõeyOk. WHõ
JÑ¨C_»O^ŒiH© D ~å=∞<å=∞ [ÑÖ Ö’QÆ∞@∞ì Uq∞\’ J~°÷"≥∞ÿáÈ~ÚOk!., J<åfl~°∞.
(aã≤‡Öò P`«‡Hõ^èŒ ó ¿Ñl.106).
aã≤‡Öò Z#fl_»∂ ‰õÄ_® `«# =∞`«Ñ~¨ "° ∞≥ #ÿ ÉèÏ"åÅ ^•fi~å JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡#∞ „Ñ¨ÉÏè q`«O
KÕÜ«∞ÖË^Œ∞. D q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ PÜ«∞# KåÖÏ ã¨Ê+¨ìOQÍ L<åfl~°∞. PëêÊùMò ‰õΩ@∞Oc‰õΩÅ∞
PÜ«∞<≥Hõ¯_» aã≤‡Öò ^•fi~å â◊√kú KÕÜ«∞|_»`å_À#x ÉèíÜ«∞Ñ¨_»™êQÍ~°∞. P q+¨Ü«∞O
`≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ#fl PÜ«∞#, h „Ñ¨=~°Î# K«∂ã≤ g∞ "åà◊§O`å, 'h"≥Hõ¯_» =∞# =∞`«O =ke,
â◊√kú KÕ~ÚOK«∞‰õΩx Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞"≥· áÈ`å_À— #x PO^Àà◊# K≥O^Œ∞`«∂O_Õ"åà◊√§. HÍh, h
Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ∞« O U q^èOŒ QÍ#∂ Jâ◊√^ŒOú QÍ =ÙO_»Ö^Ë ,Õ =∞i hqOˆH =ã¨∞=Î Ù#∞ â◊√kú KÕ~Ú™êÎ
=#∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. D q^èŒOQÍ h=Ù ™êkèOz# „Ñ¨QÆu <å Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∂xfl Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ
ÔQÅ∞K«∞‰õΩ#flk. (aã≤‡Öò P`«‡Hõ^èŒó ¿Ñl 106) Jx JëêÊùMò =∞`« =∞<ÀÉèÏ"åÅ Ñ¨@¡
aã≤‡Öò Q“~°=O =ºHõÎOKÕâß~°∞.
aã≤‡Öò ZHõ¯_»∞O>Ë JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ JHõ¯_»∞O_Õ"å~°∞. D Ü«Ú=‰õΩÅ∞
P^Œ~≈° „áêÜ«∞"≥∞#ÿ ¿ãflÇ¨Ï|O^è•xfl „Ñ¨îŒ ≈OKå~°∞. XHõ =∞Ç¨Ï`«~Î ° ÅHΔÍºxfl ™êkèOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ
U~°Ê_ç# |O^èŒO *Ïu, =∞`«, ‰õΩÅ „áêO`åÅ‰õΩ Jf`«OQÍ LO@∞O^Œx ~°∞A=Ù
KÕ™ê~°∞. ^Õâßxfl =Åã¨ áêÅ‰õΩÅ #∞O_ç q=ÚHõÎO KÕ¿ãO^Œ∞‰õΩ „áê~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿ# ™êÜ«Ú^èŒ
áÈ~å@O =∞`«O, =∞`«^èŒ~å‡Å |O^èŒ<åÅ#∞ ‰õÄ_® KèÕkOzO^Œ#_®xH˜ D W~°∞=Ù~°∞
qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å „Ñ¨=~°Î#, ¿ãflÇ¨ÏO „Ñ¨|Å ~°∞A=ÙQÍ K«i„`«Ö’ ã≤÷~°Ñ¨_çOk.
D W~°∞=Ùix q∞„`«∞Å∞, |O^èŒ∞=ÙÅ∞ =∞`«„Éèí+¨μªÅ∞QÍ xOkOKå~°∞. aã≤‡Öò#∞
PÜ«∞# ¿ãflÇ≤Ï`«∞Å∞ ÃÇÏK«Ûiã¨∂Î KÕã≤# "åºYºÅ#∞ „Ñ¨™êÎqã¨∂Î, '=∂ |$O^ŒOÖ’ `«~K° ∂«
h QÆ∞iOz (JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ QÆ∞iOz) K«~°Û =KÕÛk. U"≥∂ #=Ú‡`«∞<åfl=Ù..
"≥∂ã¨áÈÜÕ∞=Ù ã¨∞=∂ Jx J<Õ"åà◊√§.. HÍh h=Ù <≥QÍæ=Ù— (aã≤‡Öò P`«‡Hõ^äŒó ¿Ñl.
21
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
106) Jx ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ aã≤‡Öò K≥Ñ¨C‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. P q∞„`«∞Å ã¨xflÇ≤Ï`«∞Å∞, ‰õΩ@∞Oc‰õΩÅ∞
Z@∞=O\˜ q=∞~°≈Å∞ KÕã<≤ å, D q∞„`«∞e~°∞=Ùi =∞^èºŒ z=i =~°‰Ωõ K«H¯õ x ¿ãflÇ¨Ï|O^èOŒ
=i÷e¡Ok. D q+¨Ü«∂xfl aã≤‡Öò ¿Ñ~˘¯O@∂, <Õ#∞ h=Ù J<Õ `Õ_® ÖË‰õΩO_® áÈ~ÚOk
=∞# =∞^èŒº, `«~°K«∂ h=Ó <Õ#∞ XˆH HõOK«OÖ’ u<åfl=Ú, Px P`«‡Hõ^äŒÖ’ (¿Ñl.
106) ~åã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
aã≤‡Öò Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∞OÖ’ =Úã≤¡OÅ Ñ¨@¡ U~°Ê_ç# JáÈÇ¨ÏÅ#∞ JëêÊMò `«# K«Hõ¯x
„Ñ¨=~°Î#`À `«∞_çKÕÜ«∞QÆeQÍ~°∞. =∂`«$Éèí∂q∞ q=ÚH˜ÎH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz# JOâ◊O „Ñ¨^è•#
"≥∞#ÿ Ñ¨C_»∞ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞"≥<· å, =Úã≤"¡ ∞≥ <ÿ å XˆH ~°HOõ QÍ ã¨ÊOk™êÎ~x° , XˆH ~°HOõ QÍ `åºQÍÅ‰õΩ
ã≤^ŒúÑ¨_»`å~°x, D ãÖã≤^Œú`«‰õΩ `åºQÍÅ‰õΩ =∞`«O U=∂„`«O J_»¤OH˜ HÍ^Œx HÍ<Õ~°^Œx
JëêÊùMò `«# JK«OK«Å"≥∞#ÿ nHõ`Δ À, x|^Œ`ú `« À ™êHõΔ ºO ÑëHÍ~°∞. z=~°‰Ωõ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞=ÙÅ∞
=Úã≤¡OÅÖ’ U^À `Õ_® LO^Œ<Õ PÖ’K«<Õ <å Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∞O #∞O_ç x„+¨¯q∞OK« ™êyOk.
h=Ù <å q∂^Œ „Ñ¨QÍ_è» qâßfiãÖ, Jq∞`« „Ñ‘u Hõey LO_Õ"å_çq, (P`«‡ Hõ^äŒó ¿Ñl
106) Jx ã¨<å`«# ãÖ„Ñ¨^•Ü«∂#∞~°‰õΩÎ_»∞, P~°ºã¨=∂l‰õΩ_»∞ ÑÖ_ç`« ~åO„Ñ¨™ê^£
aã≤‡Öò ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ QÆ∞iOz K≥Ñ¨CHÀ"åeû =zÛOk.
=∂`«$Éèí∂q∞ ¿ã=‰õΩ rq`«O JOH˜`«O

=∂`«$^Õâ◊ ¿ã=Ö’ `«# rq`«O QÆ_»áêÅx ã≤÷~° x~°‚Ü«∂xH˜ =zÛ# JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡
`«# ‰õΩ@∞O|OÖ’x J#fl^Œ=Ú‡ÖÏ¡, L#fl`« q^•ºÉèÏºãÖ KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ Jxfl ~°HÍÅ
J=HÍâßÅ∞<åfl K«^Œ∞=Ù#∞ =∂„`«O H˘#™êyOK«ÖË^Œ∞. z#fl<å@<Õ ^Õâßaè=∂#O
Ñ¨Ù}˜H˜Ñ¨ÙK«∞Û‰õΩ#fl PÜ«∞# U_»= `«~°QÆuÖ’<Õ, qÑ¨¡= ÉèÏ"åÅ Ñ¨@¡ PHõi¬`«∞ÅÜ«∂º~°∞.
Zxq∞^Œ= `«~°QÆu =~°‰õΩ =∂„`«"Õ∞ PÜ«∞# K«^Œ∞=Ù ™êyOk. P `«~°∞"å`«
ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞x~åHõ~°} L^Œº=∞O kâ◊QÍ PHõi¬OK«|_®¤~°∞. P L^Œº=∞OÖ’ áê~î°âßÅ
q^•ºi÷QÍ<Õ „Ñ¨"ÕtOKå~°∞.
P<å_»∞ JëêÊùMò ‰õΩ@∞OÉÏxH˜ L#fl ¿Ñ~°∞ „Ñü+¨Åª HÍ~°}OQÍ L#fl`åkèHÍ~°∞Öˇ#·
‰õΩ@∞O| ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞O`À =∞Oz L^ÀºQÆO ãÖáêkOK«∞‰õΩ<Õ J=HÍâ◊O L<åfl,
„Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi L^ÀºQÆO KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ JëêÊùMò W+¨ìÑ¨_»ÖË^Œ∞. =∂`«$Éèí∂q∞ ¿ã=Ö’ QÆ_»áêÅ#fl
`«# rq`åâ◊Ü∂« xH˜ „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi L^Àº QÍÅ∞ J_»∞Q¤ Í xÅ∞™êÎÜ∞« x PÜ«∞# ÉèÏqOKå~°∞.
22
P HÍ~°}OQÍ ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ `«# rqHõ#∞
ãÖáêkOK«∞‰õΩO@∂, ¿ãfiK«ÛùQÍ ÅHõΔ º
™ê^èŒ# kâ◊QÍ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ ™êˆQO^Œ∞‰õΩ
gÅ∞#fl =∂~åæÅ HÀãÖ PÜ«∞#
„Ñ¨Ü«∞uflOKå~°∞.
D q+¨Ü«∂Å#∞ `«# ¿ãflÇ≤Ï
`«∞Å∞, HÀHÀi ~Ô Å· ∞ ^ÀÑ≤_ç ãÖÑ¶∞¨ @#Ö’
ã¨Ç¨ÏK«~°∞_≥·# N |<åfiiÖÏÖò‰õΩ ~åã≤#
XHõ ÖËYÖ’ ã¨Ê+Öì KÕ™ê~°∞. P ÖËYÖ’,
L^ÀºQÆOÖ’ KÕ~°_»O JO>Ë ¿ãfiKåÛù
™êfi`«O„`åºÅ#∞ Ç¨Ï`«º KÕÜ∞« _»"∞Õ . <Õ#∞ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡MÏ<£
ã¨fi`«O„`«OQÍ r=#O ™êyOKåÅ#∞‰õΩO
@∞#fl ãÖQÆu h‰õΩ `≥Å∞ã¨∞. <Õ#∞ L^ÀºQÆOÖ’ KÕi <å =Úãë `«e¡ ÉÏQÀQÆ∞Å∞
K«∂ã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë ÉÏQÆ∞O@∞O^Œx <å |O^èŒ∞=ÙÅ∞ Ptã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. Jk ‰õÄ_® H˘O`«=~°‰õΩ
ã¨|ÉË. =∂ ^èŒ~°‡O ‰õÄ_® J^Õ É’kèã¨∞ÎOk. J~Ú`Õ =∂`«$Éèí∂q∞H˜ ¿ã=ÅOkOKÕ
=∞Ç¨Ï`«~Î ° J=HÍâ◊O ÅaèOK«^∞Œ . <Õ#∞ Éè’áêÖòÖ’ D k#"Õ∞ L^ÀºQÆOÖ’ KÕ~åÅ#∞‰õΩ<åfl
KÕ~Q° ÅÆ #∞. J„™ê~ü Ç¨Ïã¨<£ MÏ<£ QÍ~°∞ <å‰õΩ U^À XHõ =∞Oz L^ÀºQÆO WÑ≤ÊOK«QÅÆ ~°∞.
=∂ J#flQÍ~°∞ PÜ«∞##∞ HõÅ∞ã¨∞HÀ=∞x ã≤á¶ê~°∞û ÖËY WKåÛ~°∞. PÜ«∞# ã≤á¶ê~°∞û
=Å# <å‰õΩ Ãã·#ºOÖ’ ã¨∞ÉË^•~ü L^ÀºQÆO ‰õÄ_® `ÕeQÍæ Åaèã¨∞ÎOk. L^ÀºQÆOÖ’
KÕi`Õ <å Pâ◊Å∞, Pâ◊Ü«∂Åhfl HõÅ¡Öˇ·áÈ`å~Ú. =∂`«$Éèí∂q∞H˜ ¿ãfiKåÛù ™êfi`«O„`åºÅ∞
™êkèOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ =∂„`«"∞Õ <Õ#∞ rqOKåÅ#∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl#∞ `«ÑÊ¨ , ÉÏQÍ _»|∞ƒ ãÖáêkOz
qÖÏã¨=O`«OQÍ Ñ¨kHÍÖÏÅ áê@∞ ã¨∞Yrq`«O QÆ_»áêÅx HÀ~°∞HÀ=_»O ÖË^Œ∞.
ÉèíÜ«∞OHõ~°"≥∞ÿ# „Ñ¨=∂^•Å#∞ Z^Œ∞~À¯_®xH˜ <Õ#∞ ÉèíÜ«∞Ñ¨_»#∞. ÉÏ^èŒÑ¨_»#∞.
„Ñ¨ÑÖK«=∞O`å ##∞fl J=∂Ü«∞‰õΩ_»∞, Ñ≤zÛ"å_»<åfl <å‰õΩ U zO`å ÖË^Œ∞. <Õ#∞
JO^Œ∞HÀã¨"∞Õ (=∂`«$Éè∂í q∞ ¿ãfiK«Ûù HÀãÖ–™êfi`«O„`«ºO HÀãÖ) rq™êÎ#∞. =∞~°}™˜ êÎ#∞,
Jx ~å™ê~°∞. (Shaheed Asfaqulla Khan Aur Unka Yug, by Sudhir Vidyardhi,
Page.94-95)
23
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
JëêÊùMò =º=™êÜ«∂xfl ÉÏQÍ W+¨ìÑ¨_®¤~°∞. Ô~·`«∞QÍ ã≤÷~°Ñ¨_ç`Õ ã¨fi`«O„`«OQÍ
`«=∞ ~°Ç¨Ïã¨º HÍ~°ºHõÖÏáêÅ#∞ ™êyã¨∂Î, ã¨fi`«O„`« ÉèÏ"åÅ#∞, ¿ãfiKåÛùÜ«Ú`« PÖ’K«#
Å#∞, Pâ◊Ü∂« Å#∞ „Ñ¨[ÅÖ’ „Ñ¨Kå~°O KÕÜ∞« =K«Ûx ÉèÏqOKå~°∞. „Ñ¨[Å#∞ "≥∂ãÖ–^ŒQÍ
KÕÜ«∞‰õΩO_® Hõ+≤ìOz Ñ¨x KÕã≤ ãÖáê^Œ# ã¨=∞‰õÄ~°∞Û‰õΩ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ J#∞"≥·# ~°OQÆO
=º=™êÜ«∞~°OQÆ=∞x PÜ«∞# J#∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
D "Õ∞~°‰Ωõ q∞„`«∞_»∞ |<åfiiÖÏÖò‰Ωõ ~åã≤# ÖËYÖ’, <Õ#∞ Éè∂í q∞H˜ Ü«∞[=∂x#x
h‰õΩ `≥Å∞ã¨∞. =∂ J=∞‡QÍ~°∞ [q∞O^•i}˜. <Õ#∞ ZO`« Éèí∂q∞ HÀ~°∞‰õΩ<åfl JO`å
<å‰õΩ Åaèã∞¨ OÎ k. <å =^ŒÌ J=ã¨~"° ∞≥ #ÿ ^è#Œ O ÖË^∞Œ . h‰õΩ Pã¨HÎ˜ L#fl@ì~Ú`Õ =º=™êÜ«∞O
g∞^Œ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ÃÑ@∞ì. h=Ù <Õ#∂ Hõeã≤ JHõ¯_çH˜ (=º=™êÜ«∞O KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ `«=∞
Éèí∂=ÚÅ∞#fl „QÍ=∂xH˜) "≥_»^•O. =∞#O =∞# Ô~·`«∞ ™È^Œ~°∞Å =∞^èŒº QÆ_»∞Ñ¨Ù`«∂ =∞#
PÖ’K«#Å‰õΩ HÍ~°º~°∂ÑÖ W^•ÌO. D ~°HõOQÍ KÕ¿ãÎ H˘kÌ ãÖ=`«û~åÅÖ’ =∞# =^ŒÌ
J=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿ#O`« ^èŒ#O ã¨=∞‰õÄ~°∞`«∞Ok. JÑ¨C_»∞ =∞# Pâ◊Ü«∂Å‰õΩ, PÖ’K«#Å‰õΩ
Éè Ï s ™ê÷ ~ ÚÖ’ „Ñ¨ K å~° O Hõ e ÊOK« = K« ∞ Û. =∞# q∞„`« ∞ Å#∞ ‰õ Ä _® WHõ ¯ _» ‰ õ Ω
PÇ¨fixOK«=K«∞Û. „Ñ¨ÑÖK«OÖ’ Ñ¨q„`«"≥∞ÿ# ÖÏÉèí^•Ü«∞Hõ =$uÎ U^≥·<å LO^ŒO>Ë Jk
=º=™êÜ«∞O =∂„`«"Õ∞. h=Ù h ‰õΩ@∞O|O HÀãÖ U^À XHõ\ ˜ KÕÜ«∂e Hõ^•...
=º=™êÜ«∞O ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ „áê~°OaOK«~å^Œ∞? ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç hk, Éè∂í q∞ <åk, „â◊=∞ =∞x^ŒiÌ k,
„áêÑÖzHõ J=ã¨~åÅ#∞ f~°∞ÛHÀ_®xH˜ =∞#q∞^ŒÌ~°O ™È^Œ~°∞Å∞QÍ HõÅã≤ Ñ¨x KÕã¨∂Î,
Ü«Ú=‰õΩÅ∞ J#∞‰õΩO>Ë ™êkèOK«ÖxË k Ug∞ LO_»^xŒ ~°∞A=Ù KÕ^•ÌO..<å ãÖ|Onè‰Ωõ Å∞
##∞fl ZÖÏÔQ·<å L^ÀºQÆ ÉÏxã¨`«fiOÖ’H˜ <≥\ ˜ì"ÕÜ«∂Åx â◊`«q^è•Å „Ñ¨Ü«∞uflã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞.
=º=™êÜ«∞O =∞Ç¨Ï`«∞Î gà◊§‰õΩ `≥eÜ«∞^Œ∞. ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ ◊ q=ÚH˜Î =º=™êÜ«∞O g∞^Œ P^è•~°Ñ_¨ ç
LO^Œx =∞#"åà◊§‰õΩ `≥eÜ«∞^Œ∞, Jx PÜ«∞# `«# =∞<ÀQÆ`åxfl ã¨Ê+¨ìO KÕâß~°∞. D
"Õ∞~°‰Ωõ ã¨=∂[O J#∞=∞uOz#, QÔ “~°= „Ñ¨^"Œ ∞≥ #ÿ Ñ¨x ^•fi~å =∂„`«"∞Õ =∞# „áêÑÖzHõ
J=ã¨~åÅ‰õΩ ãïÑ¨_» ãÖáê^Œ# ã¨=∞‰õÄ~°∞Û HÀ"åÅx JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ ãÖHõeÊOz#@∞ì
`≥Å∞ã¨∞ÎOk.(Shaheed Asfaqulla Khan Aur Unka Yug, by Sudhir Vidyardhi,
Page. 94-95).
^Œà◊ ã¨Éèíº`«fi ã‘fiHÍ~°O

qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞OÖ’ ÉèÏQÆ™êfiq∞ JÜÕ∞ºO^Œ∞‰õΩ x~°O`«~°O „Ñ¨Ü«∞uflã¨∞Î#fl JëêÊùMò
Ñ¨@∞ì^ŒÅ#∞ aã≤‡Öò qã¨‡iOK«ÖËHõ áÈÜ«∂~°∞. qÑ¨¡= ^Œà◊O ã¨Éèíº`«fiO HÀãÖ "≥O@Ñ¨_ç
24
"Õkãè ∞¨ #Î fl PÜ«∞##∞ z=~°‰Ωõ Ç≤Ï^Œ∂™ê÷<£ iÑäH¡ ± J™Èã≤Ü∞Õ +¨<Ö£ ’ KÕ~∞° ÛHÀHõ `«ÑÊ¨ ÖË^∞Œ .
P~°OÉèOí Ö’ ã¨ÇÏ¨ Ü«∞x~åHõ~}° À^Œº=∞O`À „a\©+π =ºuˆ~Hõ L^Œº=∂ÅÖ’ ÉèÏQÆ™êfi=∂ºxH˜
NHÍ~°O K«∞\˜ì# JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂™ê÷<£ iÑä¡H± J™Èã≤ÜÕ∞+¨<£Ö’ KÕ~°@O`À
™êÜ«Ú^èŒ áÈ~å@ Ü≥∂^èŒ∞_çQÍ Ñï}Ï=∞O K≥O^•~°∞.
=∂`«$^Õâ◊ ¿ã=HÀãÖ qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞OÖ’ ÉèÏQÆ™êfiq∞ HÍ"åÅx, HõÅÅ∞ HõO@∞#fl
JëêÊùMò‰õΩ P HõÅÅ#∞ ÑÖ_çOK«∞‰õΩ<Õ =∂~°æO ÅaèOKÕãïH˜ ãÖ`À+Ö Lá⁄ÊOyOk.
<Õ#∞ ¿ãfiKåÛù ™êfi`«O„`åºÅ∞ HÀ~°∞‰õΩ<Õ"å_çx. ™êfi`«O„`«ºO HÀãÖ „áê}ÏÅ#∞
`«$}„áêÜ«∞OQÍ ÉèÏqOz JiÊOK«_®xH˜ ã¨~°fi^• ã≤^ŒúO. ÉÏxã¨`«fiÑ¨Ù =~°=∂Å, Jk
ZÖÏO\˜^≥·<å ^•xx ^èŒiOK«_®xH˜ <Õ#∞ W+¨ìÑ¨_»#∞ Jx „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕK«∞‰õΩ#fl JëêÊùMò
aã≤‡Öò "≥O@ qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞OÖ’H˜ „Ñ¨"ÕtOKå~°∞.
aã≤‡Öò `˘Å∞`« ZO`«QÍ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡#∞ x~åHõiOKå~À, z=~°‰õΩ qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞O
Ñ¨@¡ JëêÊùMò‰õΩ L#fl x|^Œú`«, PÜ«∞#Ö’x `åºQÆjÅ`«, HÍ~åºK«~°}#∞ QÆ=∞xOz
JO`«QÍ P#OkOKå~°∞. JëêÊùH± #_»`«#∞, x*Ï~Úfx, xHõ¯zÛ qÑ¨¡= ÉèÏ"åÅ#∞
„Ñ¨™êÎqã¨∂Î, <å PÖ’K«#Å ~°OQÆ∞ h‰õÄ JO@∞‰õΩOk. h=Ù ‰õÄ_® ~å@∞^Õe# qÑ¨=¡
HÍ~°∞_»"·≥ áÈÜ«∂=Ù. WHõ JÑ¨Ê\˜ #∞O_ç JÇ¨ÏŸ~å„`«∞Å∞ h^˘Hõ¯>Ë ^è•ºã¨...XˆH „Ñ¨Ü∞« `«flO
ZÖÏÔQ·<å ã¨ˆ~ =Úã≤¡O #=Ü«Ú=‰õΩÖ’¡ ‰õÄ_® qÑ¨¡= ÉèÏ"åÅ∞ K˘Ñ≤ÊOKåÅx, "å~°∞
‰õÄ_® qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∂xH˜ ^ÀÇ¨Ï^ŒÑ¨_Õ@∞¡ K«∂_®Åx, h |O^èŒ∞q∞„`«∞Å∞ ZO`« =∞Ok
L<åfl~À "å~°O^Œi g∞^Œ h PÖ’K«# „Ñ¨ÉèÏ=O "ÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ „Ñ¨Ü«∞uflOKå=Ù...XHõ
=Úã≤¡O#∞ qÑ¨¡= áêsìÖ’ ¿ÑÔ~xflHõ QÆ#fl ã¨Éèí∞ºxQÍ <Õ<≥\Ï¡ =∂~°ÛQÆeQÍ<å Px ~Ú`«~°
ã¨Ç¨ÏK«~°∞ÅO`å ‰õÄ_® `«~°∞K«∂ qã¨∞ÎáÈ`«∂O_Õ "åà◊√§..h^≥O`À qâßÅ Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∞O..h
ÉèÏ"åÅ∞ J`«ºO`« ã¨=Ú#fl`«"∞≥ #ÿ q, Jx aã≤‡Öò `«# P`«‡Hõ^ÖŒä ’ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. (¿Ñl.107)
qÑ¨=¡ ^Œà◊ ã¨É∞íè º_çQÍ ZO`«\ ˜ H˜+¡ `ì¨ ~« "° ∞≥ #ÿ ÉÏ^èºŒ `«Å#∞ JÑ¨ÊyOz<å JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡
MÏ<£ Z#fl_»∂ Z^Œ∞~å_»ÖË^Œ∞. x~°fiÇ¨Ï}Ö’ qÑ¶¨ÅO HÍÖË^Œ∞. =ºH˜ÎQÆ`« Jaè„áêÜ«∂Å∞
ZÖÏ L<åfl, ãÖÑ¶¨∞O L=∞‡_ç x~°‚Ü«∂Å#∞ Q“~°qOKÕ"å~°∞. q^èŒ∞Å#∞ „Hõ=∞tHõΔ} QÆÅ
Ãã·x‰õΩxQÍ PK«~°}Ö’ ÃÑ@ì_»O ^•fi~å PÜ«∞# aã≤‡Öò‰õΩ =∞Oz ã¨xflÇ≤Ï`«∞ÅÜ«∂º~°∞.
D q+¨Ü«∂xfl aã≤‡Öò „Ñ¨™êÎqã¨∂Î, h=Ù <å Ñ¨@¡ K«∂Ñ≤# #_»`« ZO`À
„Ñ¨â◊Oã¨hÜ«∞"≥∞ÿ#k. h"≥#fl_»∂ <å J[˝#∞ [=^•@ÖË^Œ∞. XHõ q^èÕÜ«Ú_≥·# HÍ~°ºHõ~°ÎÖÏ
25
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
h"≥Ñ¨C_»∂ <å P*Ï˝áêÅ# KÕ™ê=Ù. h"≥O`À qâßÅÇ¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∞O Hõey#"å_çq. h
ÉèÏ"åÅ∞ ã¨=Ú#fl`« "≥∞ÿ#q, Jx „Ñ¨â◊Oã≤OKå~°∞.(aã≤‡Öò P`«‡Hõ^äŒ ó 107)
qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞O Ñ¨@¡ ^Œ$_è»ãÖHõÅÊO QÆÅ |Åâße JëêÊùMò#∞ ^Œà◊ ã¨Éèí∞ºxQÍ
ã‘fiHõiOz#O^Œ∞‰õΩ P `«~°∞"å`« aã≤‡Öò ZO`À QÆifiOKå~°∞. PÜ«∞##∞ =∞Ç¨g~°∞xQÍ
ÑïQÆ}ÕKå~°∞. D q+¨Ü«∂xfl KåÖÏ QÆ~°fiOQÍ „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå~°∞. <åH˜Ñ¨C_»∞ H˘O`≥·<å
`«$Ñ≤QÎ Í =Ù#fl^ŒO>Ë, D „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«OÖ’ <å ¿Ñ~°∞ „Ñü+ëì fl h=Ù ã¨=Ú[fiÅO QÍqOKå=<Õ.
'JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞OÖ’ áêÖÁæ<åfl_»∞. `À|∞@∞ì=Ù, |O^èŒ∞ q∞„`«∞Å∞ ZO`«QÍ
"åiOz<å P`«_»∞ U=∂„`«O ÖˇHõ¯KÕÜ«∞ÖË^Œ∞. JÔ~ã¨ì~Ú# Ñ≤^ŒÑ¨ ‰õÄ_® `«# ÉèÏ"åÅ#∞
=^ŒÅ∞HÀ‰õΩO_® ã¨∞^Œ$_è»OQÍ xeKå_»∞— J<Õ D ãÖQÆu ÉèÏ~°`« ^Õâ◊ K«i„`«Ö’ ZO`À
LÖË¡YhÜ«∞"≥∞ÿ#k. âßs~°HõOQÍ h"≥ÖÏ |Åâße"À, =∂#ã≤HõOQÍ Ãã·`«O JÖÏˆQ =∞Ç¨
g~°∞xQÍ xeKå=Ù. h P`«‡ =∞ÃÇÏŸ#fl`«"∞≥ #ÿ kx x~°∂Ñ≤OK«∞‰õΩ<åfl=Ù, (aã≤‡Öò P`«‡Hõ^:Œä
¿Ñr.108) Px aã≤‡Öò ãÖ`À+Ö =ºHõÎO KÕâß~°∞.
JëêÊùùY∞ÖÏ¡ qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞OÖ’ `«#∞fl`å#∞ JOH˜`«O KÕã¨∞H˘=_»O`À PQÆÖË^Œ∞.
qÑ¨"¡ À^Œº=∞ KèåÜ«∞Å∞ `«# |O^è∞Œ –q∞„`«∞Å q∂^Œ ‰õÄ_® „Ñ¨ãi¨ OÑ¨KÜÕ ∂« Åx „Ñ¨Ü∞« uflO
Kå~°∞. qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞xQÍ `«# ÅHΔÍºÅ#∞ ã¨xflÇ≤Ï`«∞Å‰õΩ Z~°∞HõÑ¨~°∞Û`«∂ "åix ‰õÄ_®
=∂`«$Éèí∂q∞ ¿ã=Ö’ Ñ¨Ùh`«∞ÅÜÕ∞ºO^Œ∞‰õΩ „áÈ`«ûÇ≤ÏOKå~°∞. D q+¨Ü«∂xfl aã≤‡Öò
„Ñ¨™êÎqã¨∂Î, h |O^èŒ∞q∞„`«∞ÖˇO`« =∞Ok =Ù<åfl~À "å~°O^Œi ÃÑ·# h JÖ’K«#Å∞
Ñ¨_"» Ü
Õ ∞« _®xH˜ „Ñ¨Ü∞« uflOKå=Ù, (¿Ñl.107) Jx JëêÊùMò „Ñ¨Ü∞« `åflÅ#∞ „Ñ¨âO◊ ã≤OKå_»∞.
z=~°‰õΩ D HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂Å Ñ¶ë`«OQÍ, HÀ~°∞ìÖ’ x#∞fl <å ÖˇÑ¶≤ì<≥O@∞=x ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞.
WHõ f~°∞Ê ~åã≤# <åºÜ«∞=¸iÎ ‰õÄ_® h "≥∞_»Ö’ [Ü«∞=∂Å (Li„`å_»∞) "Õâß_»∞,
Jx P`«‡Hõ^äŒÖ’ aã≤‡Öò ¿Ñ~˘fl<åfl_»∞. (aã≤‡Öò P`«‡ Hõ^äŒ ó ¿Ñl.108).
J#∞K«~°∞_»∞ HÍ^Œ∞ ã¨Ç¨ÏK«~°∞_»∞

qÑ¨"¡ À^Œº=∞OÖ’ XHõiH˜ J#∞K«~∞° xQÍ LO_»_®xH˜ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ U=∂„`«O
W+¨ìÑ¨_»ÖË^Œ∞. qÑ¨¡= ^Œà◊OÖ’x ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ‰õΩ, z=iH˜ <åÜ«∞‰õΩ_çH˜ ‰õÄ_® ã¨Ç¨ÏK«~°∞_çQÍ
=∂„`«"Õ∞ PÜ«∞# "≥∞eQÍ~°∞. q∞„`«∞Å`À ã≤á¶ê~°∞û KÕ~ÚOK«∞‰õΩx, Ju Hõ+¨ìO q∂^Œ
~°Ç¨Ïã¨º ^Œà◊OÖ’ ™ê÷#O á⁄Ok<å, aã≤‡Öò#∞ PÜ«∞# ZO`«QÍ Q“~°qOz#Ñ¨Ê\˜H©
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PÜ«∞# ã¨Ç¨ÏK«~°∞_çQÍ =∂„`«"Õ∞ "≥∞eQÍ~°∞ `«Ñ¨Ê aã≤‡Öò J#∞K«~°∞_»∞ JxÑ≤OK«∞HÀ_®xfl
W+¨ìÑ¨_»ÖË^Œ∞. P`«‡Q“~°"åxfl HÍáê_»∞‰õΩO@∂, P`å‡aè=∂<åxH˜ Z@∞=O\˜ qÑ¶¨∂`«O
HõÅ∞QÆxfi‰õΩO_®, xHÍ~°û~Ú# qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞xQÍ JëêÊùMò qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞OÖ’ ZkQÍ~°∞.
qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å ã¨=∂"ÕâßÅÖ’ W`«~° q∞„`«∞Å Jaè„áêÜ«∂Å`À ãÖ|O^èŒO
ÖË‰õΩO_®, `«# Jaè„áêÜ«∂xfl, ã¨Ê+¨ìOQÍ ã¨∂\˜QÍ „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕK«_»O PÜ«∞# JÅ"å@∞.
ã¨Ç¨ÏK«~° qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å∞ ZO`«QÍ =ºuˆ~HÕz<å PÜ«∞# =∂„`«O `«# Jaè„áêÜ«∂xfl
xHõ¯zÛQÍ "≥Å¡_çOKÕ"å~°∞. XHõ™êi ã¨=∂"Õâ◊O x~°‚Ü«∂Å∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ<åflHõ, P L=∞‡_ç
x~°‚Ü«∂Å#∞ Q“~°qOK«_»O, P x~°‚Ü«∂xfl PK«iOK«_»OÖ’ ZO`« „Ñ¨=∂^ŒO L<åfl U
=∂„`«O MÏ`«~°∞ KÕÜ«∞Hõ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ ™êQÆ@O JëêÊùMò Ö’x ^è≥·~°º™êÇ¨Ï™êÅ‰õΩ, L`«Î=∞
„Ñ¨*Ï™êfiq∞Hõ ÅHõΔ}ÏÅ‰õΩ „Ñ¨fHõ.
JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ ã¨fiÉèÏ"åxfl, „Ñ¨=~°#Î #∞, P`å‡aè=∂<åxfl aã≤‡Öò `«# P`«‡Hõ^ÖŒä ’
L@OH˜ã¨∂Î, h=Ù <å‰õΩ `«=Ú‡_ç f~°∞QÍ J~Ú<å=Ù. HÍx `«=Ú‡xÖÏ K«∂ã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl
h‰õΩ `«$Ñ≤Î HõÅ∞QÆÖË^Œ∞. ãïã¨=∂#∞_çQÍ K«∂_®Åx, ã¨=∂# ™ê÷~ÚÖ’ <å q∞„`«∞_»∞xQÍ
ÖˇH˜¯OK«|_®Åx h=Ù HÀ~°∞‰õΩ<Õ"å_çq. z=~°‰õΩ J^Õ J~ÚºOk. h=Ù <å‰õΩ x["≥∞ÿ#
¿ãflÇ≤Ï`«∞_ç"<·≥ å=Ù. XHõ¯ Ñ¨zÛ P~°ºã¨=∂l‰õΩ_çH˜ XHõ =ÚÇ¨Ï=∞‡nÜ«ÚxH˜ =∞^èºŒ ¿ãflÇ¨ÏO
ZÖÏ Hõeã≤Ok. Jx JO`å =Ú‰õΩ¯ÃÑ· "ÕÖËã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ"åà◊√§, (aã≤‡Öò P`«‡Hõ^äŒ ó ¿Ñl.
105) Jx ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ ~åã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
D qÑ¨¡= g~°∞Å =∞^èŒº JO`«\ ˜ QÍ_è»"≥∞ÿ# ãÖ|O^è•Å∞ LO_»_»O =Å#
HÍHÀi Ô~·Å∞ ãÖÑ¶¨∞@# ˆHã¨∞Ö’ LitHõΔ Ñ¨_®¤Hõ, *ˇ·Å∞ #∞Oz 1927 z=i =∂™êÖ’¡
aã≤‡Öò ~åã≤# P`«‡Hõ^äŒÖ’ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ g∞^Œ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõOQÍ XHõ J^è•ºÜ«∞O
ˆH\Ï~ÚOKå~°∞. P P^è•ºÜ«∂xfl, <Õh ˆHã¨∞Ö’ ÉèÏQÆ™êfiq∞<≥· =Ç≤ÏOz# áê„`«
x~°fiÇ¨Ï}Ï„Hõ=∞OÖ’ Z=Ô~=i rq`åÅ ÉèÏ^èºŒ `« <å Éè∞í [ã¨¯O^è•ÅÃÑ· =ÙO_çO^À– "å\˜Ö’
JkèHõ ÉèÏQÆO „j JëêÊY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£"å~°ã‘H˜ ãÖ|OkèOz =ÙOk. Hõ#∞Hõ D JOu=∞"Õà◊
PÜ«∞# QÆ∞iOz ‰õÄ_® D KÕ`ÀÎ <åÅ∞QÆ∞ =∂@Å∞ ~åÜ«∞_»O <å Hõ~°Î=º=∞x
ÉèÏqã¨∞Î<åfl#∞, (¿Ñl.105) Jx „áê~°OaèOKå~°∞.
D q^èOŒ QÍ aã≤‡Öò =ºHõOÎ KÕã#≤ q+¨Ü∂« Å ^•fi~å qÑ¨"¡¨ À^Œº=∞OÖ’ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡
MÏ<£ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOz# áê„`« ZO`«\ ˜ „áê^è•#º`« QÆÅ^À J=QÆ`«O HÍQÆÅ^Œ∞.
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ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
„Ñ¨QÆujÅ ÉèÏ"åÅ ^•~°≈x‰õΩ_»∞
ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâßxfl „a\©+π =Åã¨áêÅ‰õΩÅ #∞O_ç q=ÚHõÎO KÕâßHõ ã¨fi`«O„`« ÉèÏ~°`«
^Õâ◊O Uq^èŒOQÍ LO_®Å#fl q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ KåÅ ã¨Ê+¨ì"≥∞ÿ#
Jaè„áêÜ«∂Å#∞ Hõey L<åfl~°∞. ã¨fi`«O„`« ÉèÏ~°`«OÖ’ Z@∞=O\˜ Jã¨=∂#`«Å‰õΩ
KÀ@∞ LO_»~å^Œx PÜ«∞# PHÍOH˜ΔOKå~°∞. HÍx PÜ«∞# `«# ÉèÏ"åÅ‰õΩ ã¨Ê+¨ì"≥∞ÿ#
Ãã·^•úOuHõ ã¨fi~°∂áêxfl HõeÊOK«ÖËHõáÈÜ«∂~°∞. HÍHÀi qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å `«~°∞"å`« P
ÉèÏ"åÅ‰õΩ ã¨~åÌ~ü ÉèíQÆ`üã≤OQ∑ ã¨Ê+¨ì"≥∞ÿ# Ãã·^•úOuHõ ~°∂ÑÖ HõeÊOKå~°∞. ÉèíQÆ`üã≤OQ∑
HõO>Ë <åÅ∞QÆ∞ ãÖ=`«û~åÅ =ÚO^Œ∞ qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞OÖ’ „áê}ÏÅiÊOz# JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡
MÏ<£ Pi÷Hõ Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞, ™êOÑ¶‘∞Hõ JO`«~åÅ∞, U ~°Hõ"≥∞ÿ# ^ÀÑ≤_ô ÖËx ã¨=∞ã¨=∂[
=º=ã¨#÷ ∞ PtOKå~°∞. PtOK«@"Õ∞ HÍ^Œ∞ PÜ«∞# PHÍOHõÅΔ ÉèÏ~°`« ^ÕâO◊ ZÖÏ LO_®Ö’
P q+¨Ü«∂Å#∞ ‰õÄ_® PÜ«∞# q=iOKå~°∞. D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ PÜ«∞# q∞„`«∞Å‰õΩ,
ã¨xflÇ≤Ï`«∞Å‰õΩ ~åã≤# ÖËYÅÖ’ P PÖ’K«#Å∞ KåÖÏ ã¨Ê+¨ìOQÍ ^Œ~°≈#q∞™êÎ~Ú.
JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ „Ñ¨QÆujÅ PÖ’K«#Å q+¨Ü«∂xfl „Ñ¨™êÎqã¨∂Î, D q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’
PÜ«∞# HÍHÀi qÑ¨¡= HÍÅO <å\˜ `«# ã¨Ç¨ÏK«~° qÑ¨¡= Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å HõO>Ë JëêÊùMò
=ÚO^Œ∞<åfl~°∞. PÜ«∞# =∞Ç¨ÏŸ#fl`« ÉèÏ"åÅ#∞ Hõey L<åfl~°∞. PÜ«∞# ã¨fi^Õj,
ã¨^•ƒù=<å, ™ê=∞º"å^Œ ÅHΔÍºÅ ™ê^è#Œ HÀãÖ „Ñ¨[Å#∞ K≥`· #« º=O`«∞Å#∞ KÕÜ∂« Å<åfl~°∞.
Jxfl ~°HÍÅ JO`«~åÅ∞, ^ÀÑ≤_ç JO`«O HÍ"åÅx, JëêÊùMò PHÍOH˜ΔOKå~°x „Ñ¨=ÚY
K«i„`«HÍ~°∞_»∞ N ã¨∞nè~ü q^•ºi÷ Jaè„áêÜ«∞Ñ¨_®¤~°∞. (Shaheed Asfaqulla Khan
Aur Unka Yug, by Sudhir Vidyardhi, Page.10)
JëêÊùMò `«#Ö’x ™ê=∞º"å^Œ, ã¨=∞ã¨=∂[ ÉèÏ=#Å#∞ ã¨Ê+‘ìHõiOKÕ Ñ¨_çHõ@∞ì

Ñ¨^•Å#∞ =∂„`«O LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOK«ÖË^Œ∞. PÜ«∞# `«# ÉèÏ"åÅ#∞ ™ê^•ã‘^•QÍ `«#^≥·#
ÉèÏ+¨Ö’ =ºH©ÎHõiOKå~°∞, ^Œ$jºHõiOKå~°∞. P HÍÅOÖ’ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡MÏ<£ „Ñ¨QÆujÅ
ÉèÏ"åÅ#∞ =ºHõÎO KÕÜ«∞_»O Ñ¨@¡ N ã¨∞nè~ü q^•ºi÷ Pâ◊Û~°ºO =ºHõÎO KÕ™ê~°∞. D
HÀ}O #∞O_ç qâı¡+≤¿ãÎ, ™ê=∞º"å^Œ ÉèÏ=#Å#∞ =ºHõÎO KÕÜ«∞_»OÖ’ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£
ã¨~åÌ~ü ÉèQí `Æ ãü O≤ Q∑ HõO>Ë =ÚO^Œ∞<åfl~°x PÜ«∞# „Ñ¨H\õ O˜ Kå~°∞. Já¶êÊùMòÖ’ =Ú_çã~¨ ∞° ‰õΩQÍ
á⁄@=∞iOz# ã¨=∞ã¨=∂[ ÉèÏ"åÅ#∞ HÍHÀi qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å `«~°∞"å`« ~°OQÆO q∂^Œ‰õΩ
=zÛ# „Ñ¨=ÚY qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞_»∞ ã¨~åÌ~ü ÉèíQÆ`ü ã≤OQ∑ ÖÏO\˜ Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å∞ K«Hõ¯x Ãã·^•úOuHõ
~°∂áêxfl HõeÊOKå~°x N ã¨∞nè~ü q^•ºi÷ `«# Shaheed Asfaqulla Khan Aur
Unka Yug : Page.10) „QÆO^äŒOÖ’ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞.
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JëêÊùMò Jxfl ~°HÍÅ ^ÀÑ≤_çx =ºuˆ~HÕKå~°∞. Jxfl ~°HÍÅ ^ÀÑ≤_ç #∞O_ç
„Ñ¨[Å∞ q=ÚHõÎO HÍ"åÅx PÜ«∞# PtOKå~°∞. J@∞=O\˜ WO_çÜ«∂#∞ PÜ«∞#
HÍOH˜ΔOKå~°∞. Ô~·`«∞Å∞, HÍi‡‰õΩÅ∞ Z@∞=O\˜ ^ÀÑ≤_çH˜ QÆ∞iHÍ~å^Œ∞. Pxfl ~°HÍÅ
^ÀÑ≤_ôÅ #∞O_ç „Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ ¿ãfiK«Ûù LO_®e, Jx PÜ«∞# `«# ã¨fiáêflxfl =ºHõÎO KÕâß~°∞.
(Where there would be no exploitation of Farmers and labourers.
Where would be freedom from all types of exploitations - Great Revolutionary
Martyr Ashfaqullah Khan, Dr.Omkar Nath Tripathi, Basha Sangam, Allahabad,
2001, Page.7)
Pi÷Hõ Jã¨=∂#`«ÖË HÍ^Œ∞, ™ê=∂lHõ JO`«~åÅ∞ ‰õÄ_® HÍ#~åx ã¨fi`«O„`«
ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâßxfl JëêÊùMò HÀ~°∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ F ÖËY ~åã¨∂Î, <å ^Õâ◊OÖ’x ¿Ñ^Œ
„Ñ¨*ÏhHõ=∞O`å ã¨∞YâßO`«∞Å`À ã¨=∂#OQÍ rqOK«QÆÅ ã¨fi`«O„`« ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâßxfl <Õ#∞
PHÍOH˜Δã¨∞Î<åfl#∞, Jx J<åfl~°∞. ™ê=∂lHõ JO`«~åÅ #∞O_ç ¿ãfiK«Ûù‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz
PÜ«∞# `«# HõÅÅ ^Œ$âßºxfl *ˇ·Å∞ #∞O_ç q∞„`«∞Å‰õΩ ~åã≤# Ñ¨Å∞ ÖËYÅÖ’ =i‚OKå~°∞.
P ~ÀAÅÖ’ ‰õΩÅO–=∞`«O, Pi÷Hõ ™ê÷~Úx |\˜ì „Ñ¨[Å =∞^èŒº JO`«~åÅ∞ LO_»@O
=Å#, Já¶êÊùY∞ÖÏ¡Ö’x ã¨$[#jÅ∞_»∞ `å#∞ HõÅÅ∞ QÆO@∞#fl ™ê=∂lHõ =º=ºã¨÷#∞
D q^èŒOQÍ z„uOKå~°∞.
<å `«~°∞"å`« gÅ~Ú#O`« `«fi~°QÍ =~ü¯ëêÑ¨ÙÖ’ Ñ¨x KÕ¿ã "Õ∞„ã‘Î J|∞ÌÖÏ¡,
Ñ¶¨∞h, Ô~·`«∞Å∞ HõÅã≤ N YeY∞*Ï˚=∂<£ („Ñ¨=ÚY ~å[H©Ü«∞ <åÜ«∞‰õΩ_»∞ – ãÖÑ¨#fl
[g∞O^•~°∞), N [QÆ<åfl^ä£ <å~åÜ«∞} =ÚÖÏ¡ („Ñ¨=ÚY <åºÜ«∞"åk, e|~°Öò áêsì
<åÜ«∞‰õΩ_»∞), =ÚÇ¨Ï=∞‡^•ÉÏ^£ ~å*Ï ™êÃÇÏÉò (=ÚÇ¨Ï=∞‡^•ÉÏ^£ [g∞O^•~°∞)Å`À
Hõeã≤ ÅHÀflÖ’x Kè«`«Î~ü =∞OlÖò („Ñ¨ã≤^Œ÷ Hõ@ì_»O)Ö’x ‰õΩsÛÅÖ’ Pj#∞Öˇ· HõxÊOKÕÖÏ
K«∂_®Åx P ^Õ=Ù_çfl HÀ~°∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl#x, PëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ „Ñ¨H\õ O˜ Kå~°∞. (Shaheed
Asfaqulla Khan Aur Unka Yug, Page.10)
PÜ«∞# z„uOz# q^èŒOQÍ ™ê=∂lHõ =º=ã¨÷ ~°∂á⁄O^•Åx ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞_çfl
"Õ_»∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. PÜ«∞# `«# PHÍOHõΔÅ#∞, LitHõΔ J=∞Å∞‰õΩ Z^Œ∞~°∞K«∂ã¨∂Î, *ˇ·Å∞
QÀ_»Å =∞^èºŒ QÆ_∞» Ñ¨Ù`«∞#fl ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ ~åâß~°∞. P HÍ~°}OQÍ `å#∞ L<åfl ÖËHáõ È~Ú<å
JO`«~åÅ∞ ÖËx ™ê=∂lHõ =º=ã¨÷#∞ ã¨$+≤ìOKåeûOkQÍ HÀ~å~°∞. D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ `«#
HÀÔ~¯#∞ "≥Å¡_çOK«@OÖ’ JëêÊùMò‰õΩ, ã¨~åÌ~ü ÉèíQÆ`üã≤OQ∑‰õΩ =º`åºãÖ HõxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk.
#∂`«# =º=ã¨÷Å x~å‡}ÏxH˜ „Ñ¨[Å∞ #_»∞OHõ\ÏìÅx ÉèíQÆ`üã≤OQ∑ Ãã·^•úOfHõiOK«QÍ,
29
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
Já¶êÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ P ÉèÏ~åxfl ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞_ç q∂^Œ "≥∂áê~°∞.D HÍ~°}OQÍ ÉèíQÆ`ü ã≤OQ∑‰õΩ
ã¨∂ÊùiÎxzÛ# JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£#∞ H˘xfl =~åæÅ∞ qã¨‡iOKå~Ú.
ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 80 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ „H˜Ò« F „QÍq∂} „áêO`«OÖ’, XHõ x=∞fl ‰õΩÖÏxH˜
K≥Ok# Ñ¶∞¨ h, ™ê=∂#º HÍi‡‰õΩ_»∞ J|∞ÌÖÏ¡, F z#fláê\˜ ~Ô `· ∞« HõÅã≤ P<å\˜ ã¨=∂[OÖ’
¿ÑÔ~xflHõQÆ#fl <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ∞, ãÖÑ¨#∞flÅ ã¨~°ã¨# ‰õÄ~ÀÛx L#fl ^Œ$âßºxfl `å#∞ HõàÏ§~å
K«∂_®Åx JëêÊùMò Pâ◊Ñ¨_®¤~°∞. D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ ™ê=∂lHõ–Pi÷Hõ Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞ ÖËx
ã¨=∞ã¨=∂*Ïxfl JëêÊùMò P<å_»∞ HÍOH˜ΔOK«@O PÜ«∞#Ö’x „Ñ¨|Å"≥∞ÿ# PHÍOHõΔ‰õΩ
x^Œ~°≈#O.
Jã¨=∂`«Å ™êfi`«O„`«ºO JHõ¯~°ÖË^Œ∞

JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ [q∂O^•i =º=ã¨÷ Ñ¨@¡ ‰õÄ_® =ºuˆ~Hõ`« =ºHõÎO KÕ™ê~°∞.
[q∂O^•i =º=ã¨÷ ~Ô `· ∞« „â◊=∞ Ñë`åxfl ^ÀK«∞‰õΩO@∞O^Œx q=∞i≈OKå~°∞. [q∂O^•i
‰õΩ@∞Oc‰õΩ_≥·# PÜ«∞# [g∞O^•i =º=ã¨÷‰õΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ =∂\Ï¡_»_»O, Ô~·`«∞ Ñ¨HõΔO
=Ç≤ Ï OK« _ » O , Ô ~ · ` « ∞ Å Hõ ë êì i ˚ ` åxfl [g∞O^•~° ∞ Å∞ [ÅQÆ Å ∞ ~° H õ Î O Ñ‘ e Û#@∞ì
Ñ‘Å∞Û‰õΩO@∞<åfl~°x "åºMÏºxOK«_O» QÆ=∞xOKåeû# JOâ◊O. PÜ«∞# `«# ¿ãflÇ≤Ï`«∞x`À
Éèí∂q∞ <åk, ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç hk, „â◊=∞ =∞x^ŒÌik, Ñ¶ë`«O =∞#k – =∞#O^Œik J#_»O
PÜ«∞#Ö’x „Ñ¨QÆujÅ ÉèÏ"åÅ‰õΩ J^ŒÌO Ñ¨_»∞`«∞Ok.
XHõ"àÕ ◊ WO_çÜ∂« ‰õΩ ã¨=∞ã¨=∂[O ™ê^èºŒ O HÍx ™êfi`«O„`«ºO ÅaèOz#@¡~Ú`Õ
J@∞=O\˜ ã¨fi~å[ºO JHõ¯~°ÖË^Œx JëêÊùMò ã¨Ê+¨ìOQÍ „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå~°∞. ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊O
™êfi`«O„`«ºO á⁄Ok `≥Å¡áêÅ‰õΩÅ #∞O_ç =∞# ã¨fi^Õj ™È^Œ~°∞Å KÕ`«∞Ö’¡H˜ JkèHÍ~°
Ñ¨QÍæÅ∞ =zÛ# `«~∞° "å`« ‰õÄ_® ¿Ñ^Œ ^èxŒ Hõ, [g∞O^•~ü ~Ô `· ∞« ãÖ|O^è•Å∞ Ü«∞^è•qkèQÍ
L#fl@ì~Ú`Õ J@∞=O\˜ ã¨fi`«O„`« ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ ßxfl <Õ#∞ HÀ~°∞HÀ#x J<åfl~°∞. (Shaheed
Asfaqulla Khan Aur Unka Yug, Page.10). Jxfl ~°HÍÅ q=Hõ` Δ Å« #∞O_ç „Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ
ã¨=∂#`«fiO „Ñ¨™êkOK«ÖËx ã¨fi`«O„`«O JHõ¯~°ÖË^Œx ã¨Ê+¨ìO KÕÜ«∞_»O ^•fi~å Z@∞=O\˜
Jã¨=∂#`«Å∞ ÖËx ã¨=∞ã¨=∂*Ïxfl JëêÊùMò ZO`« |ÅOQÍ HÀ~°∞‰õΩ<åfl~À `≥Å∞ã¨∞ÎOk.
D `«~°Ç¨Ö’<Õ =∞øÖÏ<å J|∞Öò HõÖÏO J*Ï^£ ‰õÄ_® Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂–=Úã≤¡OÅ
=∞^èŒº SHõº`« ÖËx ã¨fi~å[ºO =Å^Œ<åfl~°∞. D q+¨Ü«∞"≥∞ÿ =∞øÖÏ<å =∂\Ï¡_»∞`«∂,
30
ã¨fi~°æO #∞O_ç ^Õ=^Œ∂`«Å∞ ky=zÛ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂–=Úã≤¡OÅ SHõº`«#∞ =^Œ∞Å∞‰õΩO>Ë
W~°"≥·<åÅ∞QÆ∞ QÆO@Ö’¡ ^ÕâßxH˜ ã¨fi~å[ºO Åaèã¨∞ÎO^Œx ‰õΩ`«∞Éòq∞<å~ü #∞O_ç „Ñ¨Hõ\ ˜¿ãÎ,
P ã¨fi~å*Ïºxfl <Õ#∞ x~åHõi™êÎ#∞. JÖÏ HÍ^Œ∞ q∞„`«=∂, Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂–=Úã≤¡OÅ SHõº`«
HÀãÖ <Õ#∞ ã¨fi~å[ºO _ç=∂O_£#∞ =^Œ∞Å∞‰õΩO\Ï#∞. ã¨fi~å[º ã≤kèú PÅã¨º"≥∞ÿ`Õ ÉèÏ~°`«
^Õâ◊O =∂„`«"Õ∞ #+¨ìáÈ`«∞Ok. Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂–=Úã≤¡OÅ SHõº`«‰õΩ ÉèíOQÆO "å\˜e¡`Õ =∂#=
*ÏuH˜ #+¨ìáÈQÆÅ^Œx PÜ«∞# PO^Àà◊# =ºHõÎO KÕâß~°∞.
(‘ If an angel descends from heaven today and proclaims from
the Qutub Minar that India can attain Swaraj within 24 hours provided I
relinquish my demand for Hindu-Muslim Unity, I shall retort to it: ‘ No my
friend, I shall give up Swaraj, but not Hindu-Muslim unity, for if Swaraj is
delayed, it will be a loss for India, but if Hindu-Muslim unity is lost, it will
be a loss for the whole of mankind. - Understnding Muslim Mind,
Rajmohan Gandhi, Penguin Books, 1986, Page 230 )
P<å_»∞ =∞øÖÏ<å P*Ï^£ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ =Úã≤O¡ Å SHõº`« Ju =ÚYº=∞x HÀ~°∞‰õΩO>Ë
JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ Pi÷Hõ–™ê=∂lHõ JO`«~åÅ∞ ÖËx ã¨=∞ã¨=∂[ =º=ã¨÷QÆÅ WO_çÜ«∂
=ÚYº=∞<åfl~°∞.
Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂–=Úã≤¡O SHõº`åaèÖÏ+≤
ã¨=∞ã¨=∂*ÏxH˜ JkèHõ „áê=ÚYº`« WzÛ# JëêÊùMò Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂–=Úã≤¡O SHõº`«‰õΩ
‰õÄ_® JO`«\ ˜ ™ê÷#O HõeÊOKå~°∞. =∞øÖÏ<å J|∞Öò HõÖÏO ™ê÷~ÚÖ’ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ –=Úã≤O¡ Å
SHõº`«‰õΩ „Ñ¨fHõQÍ xeKå~°∞. D q+¨Ü«∂xfl aã≤‡Öò „Ñ¨™êÎqã¨∂Î, h"≥Ñ¨C_»∂ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂
– =Úã≤O¡ SHõº`«<Õ HÍOH˜ãΔ ∂¨ OÎ _Õ"å_çq. h"˘Hõ x["≥∞#ÿ =Úã≤O¡ QÍ, x["≥∞#ÿ ^ÕâÉ◊ ‰íè Ωõ xÎ QÍ
L<åfl=Ù. (P`«‡Hõ^äŒ ó ¿Ñl.106) Jx ~åã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂–=Úã≤¡OÅ =∞^èŒº# L#fl J<≥·Hõº`« Ñë`«OQÍ „a\©+¨~°¡ ÃÑ`«Î#O
™êQÆ∞`«∞Ok. D P<≥H· ºõ `« Ñ¶e¨ `«OQÍ WO_çÜ∂« POˆQÜ¡ Ú« Å Ñ¨~"° ∞≥ áÿ È~ÚOk. POˆQÜ
¡ Ú« Å∞
_»|∞ƒ, Ñ¨^Œ=ÙÅ∞ Pâ◊ K«∂Ñ≤ =∞#efl peÛ Ñ¨|ƒO QÆ_»∞Ñ¨Ù‰õΩO@∞<åfl~°∞. D q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’
ÃÑ^ŒÌ ÃÑ^ŒÌ"åà◊√§ ‰õÄ_® Jf`«OQÍ ÖË~°∞. <Õ#∞ =∞~°}˜ã¨∞Î<åfl#∞. <å ^Õâ◊O HÀãÖ
=∞~°}ã˜ ∞¨ <Î åfl#∞. <å =∂@ q#O_ç SHõºOQÍ =fi=Ç¨ÏiOK«O_ç, Jx JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ „Ñ¨[Å#∞
HÀ~å~°∞. (Shaheed Asfaqulla Khan Aur Unka Yug, by Sudhir Vidyardhi,
Page.119)
31
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
P<å_»∞ P~°ºã¨=∂r‰õΩÅ∞ â◊√kú ãÖÑ¶¨∞@#Å ^•fi~å, =Úã≤¡OÅ∞ `«a¡Mò ãÖã¨÷Å
^•fi~å KÕã¨∞Î#fl =∞`« =∂iÊ_»∞Å#∞ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ x~°ã≤OKå~°∞. =∞#^Õâ◊OÖ’ =∞`«O
¿Ñi@ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#fl ãÖÑ¶¨∞~°¬}Å∞ áêÅHõ =~åæÅ ‰õΩ„@Åx ÃÇÏK«ÛiOKå~°∞. =∞`«
=∂iÊ_»∞Å‰õΩ áêÅÊ_»∞`«∞#fl ãÖã¨÷Å#∞ L^ÕÌtOz =∂\Ï¡_»∞`«∂, P<å_»∞ ^Õâ◊OÖ’ L#fl
U_»∞ HÀ@¡ =Úã≤¡OÅ#∞ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞=ÙÅ∞QÍ, W~°"≥·Ô~O_»∞ HÀ@¡ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞=ÙÅ#∞ =Úã≤¡OÅ∞QÍ
Z=Ô~·<å =∂~°ÛQÆÅ~å? J<åfl~°∞. Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂–=Úã≤¡O =∞`«=∂iÊ_ç^•~°∞Å#∞ „Ñ¨tã¨∂Î,
P „Ñ¨Ü«∞`åflÅ#∞ q~°q∞OK«=∞x PÜ«∞# HÀ~å~°∞.
(He addressed the members of both the communities Hindus
and Muslims and openly expressed his view that it is impossible that
seven crores of Muslims be converted to Hinduism and equally impos-
sible was the proposition that twenty two crores of Hindus be converted
to Muslim faith ‘ - Great Revolutionary Martyr Ashfaqullah Khan,
Dr.Omkar Nath Tripathi, Basha Sangam, Allahabad, 2001, Page.7)
ÉÏxã¨Å∞QÍ |`«∞‰õΩ`«∞#fl "åiH˜ =∞`«"Õ∞O\˜? ÉÏxã¨Å∞ `«=∞ WK«Û=zÛ#

suÖ’ `«=∞ =∞`«^èŒ~å‡Å#∞ áê\ÕK«QÆÅ~å ? q∂~°∞ q∂ =∞`åxfl ãÖã¨¯iOK«QÆÅ~å?
Jk ™ê^èºŒ =∂ ? Jx JëêÊùH± „Ñ¨[Å#∞ „Ñ¨tflOKå~°∞. =∞`«O HõO>ˇ ¿ãfiKåÛù ™êfi`«O„`åºÅ∞
„Ñ¨^è•#=∞x PÜ«∞# „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå~°∞. „a\©+¨~°¡ ÉÏxã¨`«fiO #∞Oz |Ü«∞@Ñ¨_®Åx,
„Ñ¨[ÅO`å =∞`« qÉèË^•Å#∞ =∞~°z ã¨"≥∞ÿHõºO HÍ"åÅx Ñ≤Å∞Ñ¨ÙxKåÛ~°∞. Z=i =∞`«
^èŒ~å‡Å#∞ "å~°∞ „Ñ¨âßO`«OQÍ áê\ÕK«O_ç. JO^Œi`À ã¨=ºOQÍ =º=Ç¨ÏiOK«O_ç.
JO`å HõÅã≤ âıfi`« Éèí∂`åxfl =∞O„`«O ÖËHõ `«O„`«O`À QÆ^≥Ì kOz `«iq∞ H˘@ìO_ç. D
Éèí∂`«O ^Õâ◊O =^Œe "≥_ç`Õ JO`å ã¨=ºOQÍ LO@∞Ok. q∂~°∞ D q+¨Ü«∂xfl
P=Ö’HÕK«O_ç. q∂~°∞ =ÚO^Œ∞ WO_çÜ«∂#∞ q=ÚHõÎO KÕÜ«∞O_ç. P `«~°∞"å`« q∞QÆ`å
q+¨Ü∂« Å#∞ PÖ’zOK«O_ç. ^Õ=Ù_»∞ Z=iH˜ U=∂~°Oæ K«∂Ñ¨Ù`å_À P`«#∞ P =∂~°Oæ Ö’
™êQÆ∞`å~°∞. Z=fi~°∂ ‰õÄ_® P ^•~°∞Å #∞O_ç =∞Ô~=fiih =∞o§OK« ÖË~°∞. q∂~°O`å
SHõºO HõO_ç. |ÅÑ¨_O» _ç. ÖË#@¡~Ú`Õ =∞# Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂™ê÷<£ Ü«∂=`«∞Î <åâ◊#"≥∞ÿ áÈQÆÅ^Œ∞,
`«™ê‡`ü *Ï„QÆ`«Î Jx PÜ«∞# Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂–=Úã≤¡O [#ã¨=¸Ç¨Å‰õΩ Ñ≤Å∞Ñ≤=fi@O`À
áê@∞QÍ ÃÇÏK«ÛiHõÅ∞ ‰õÄ_® *Ïs KÕâß~°∞. (Shaheed Asfaqulla Khan Aur Unka
Yug, by Sudhir Vidyardhi, Page.120)
32
JëêÊùMò z=i HõΔ}O =~°‰õΩ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂–=Úã≤¡OÅ =∞^èŒº SHõº`«#∞ PHÍOH˜ΔKå~°∞.
P kâ◊QÍ Hõ$+≤ KÕâß~°∞. PÜ«∞#‰õΩ qkèOz# LitHõΔ =∞~À =¸_»∞ ~ÀAÅÖ’
J=∞Å=Ù`«∞O^Œ#QÍ, 1927 _çÃãO|~°∞ 16= `Õn# ÃÑ*·¶ ÏÉÏ^£ *ˇÅ· ∞ #∞O_ç ^Õâ"◊ åã¨∞Å#∞
L^ÕÌtã¨∂Î XHõ ÖËY ~å™ê~°∞.
P ÖËYÖ’, ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ ◊ ™È^Œ~∞° ÖÏ~å g∞~°∞ U =∞`åxH˜, ãÖ„Ñ¨^•Ü«∂xH˜ K≥Ok#
"åÔ~·<å ã¨ˆ~, ^Õâ◊¿ã=Ö’ Hõ$+≤KÕÜ«∞O_ç. =$^è•QÍ Ñ¨~°ã¨Ê~°O HõÅÇ≤ÏOK«HõO_ç. Jxfl
Ñ¨#∞Å∂ XˆH ÅHΔÍºxfl ™êkèOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ™ê^è<Œ åÅ∞. JÖÏO@Ñ¨C_»∞ D =º~°Ñ÷ Ù¨ HÀ\Ï¡@Å∂,
‰õΩ=Ú‡ÖÏ@Å∞ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ? SHõ=∞`«ºO`À ^Õâ◊OÖ’x ^˘~°`«<åxfl ZkiOK«O_ç. ^Õâßxfl
ã¨fi`«O„`«O KÕÜ«∞O_ç...z=~°QÍ JO^ŒiH˜ <å ã¨ÖÏO. ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊O ã¨fi`«O„`«=∞QÆ∞QÍHõ.
<å ™È^Œ~°∞Å∞ ã¨∞YOQÍ LO^Œ∞~°∞ QÍHõ, JO@∂ P Kåi„`«Hõ"≥∞ÿ# ÖËY#∞ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡
MÏ<£ =ÚyOKå~°∞. (*Ï˝Ñ¨HõO LOK«∞HÀO_ç ZÑ¨C_≥·<å...(J=∞~° g~°∞Å L`«Î~åÅ∞),
J#∞"å^ŒO : *ˇ. ÅH˜Δ ~Ô _ç,¤ ÉèÏ~°`« „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO „Ñ¨K∞« ~°}Å∞, #∂º _çb,¡ 19980 ¿Ñl.43).
P<å_»∞ JëêÊY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ aè#fl =∞`«ã¨∞÷Å =∞^èŒº ã¨"≥∞ÿHõº`«, ã¨^•ƒù=#, ã¨Ç≤Ï+¨μ‚`«
#∞ „Ñ¨QÍ_èO» QÍ "åOzOKå~°∞. D SHõº`« ^•fi~å =∂„`«"∞Õ Ñ¨~å~ÚáêÅ#‰õΩ K«~=° ∞w`«O
áê_»QÆÅ=∞x PÜ«∞# ÉèÏqOKå~°∞.D Jaè„áêÜ«∞OÖ’ P<å_»∞ PÜ«∞# ÑëH˜#
J[~å=∞~°"≥∞ÿ# =∂@Å#∞ D<å\˜ Ñïã≤÷`«∞Å‰õΩ ‰õÄ_® =∞#O J#fi~ÚOK«∞HÀ=K«∞Û.
Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂–=Úã≤O¡ Å =∞^èºŒ # „Ñ¨QÍ_è"» ∞≥ #ÿ SHõº`«#∞ HÍOHÕΔ z# JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ rq`«
K«~°=∂OHõO =~°‰õΩ P kâ◊QÍ Hõ$+≤ KÕã¨∂Î, SHõº`«‰õΩ, ¿ãflÇ¨Ï|O^è•xH˜, Ñ¨\ ˜+¨ì"≥∞ÿ#
Ö∫H˜Hõ =fi=ã¨÷‰õΩ „Ñ¨fHõQÍ xÅKå~°∞. P HÍ~°}OQÍ „Ñ¨=ÚY qÑ¨¡= HÍ~°∞_»∞ N
=∞#‡^èŒ<å^äŒ QÆ∞Ñ¨Î, aã≤‡Öò J`«‡ Hõ^äŒ‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞=∂@ ~åã¨∂Î, ~åO„Ñ¨™ê^£, JëêÊùMòÅ
„Ñ¨QÍ_è» "≥∞„ÿ u áê`« `«~Ç° ¨ Ö∫H˜H"õ å^ŒÑÙ¨ J`«∞º#fl`« ^Œâ◊ Jx K≥ÑÊ¨ =K«∞Û, Jx ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞.
(aã≤‡Öò P`«‡Hõ^äŒ ó ¿Ñl.IV)
SHõº áÈ~å\ÏÅ‰õΩ JkfifÜ«∞ „áê^è•#º`«

¿ãfiKåÛù ÉèÏ~°`å=xx HÍOH˜ΔOz# JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ SHõº`«#∞ ÉèíOQÆÑ¨ˆ~Û „Ñü JOâ◊O
Ñ¨@¡ J`«ºO`« „â◊^Œú K«∂áê~°∞. „Ñü z#fl q+¨¨Ü«∂xfl ‰õÄ_® ÑïQÆ}Ö’H˜ fã¨∞‰õΩx, P
ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ#∞ „Ñ¨[Å ^Œ$+≤ìH˜ `≥KÕÛ „Ñ¨Ü«∞`«flO KÕâß~°∞. *ˇ·Å∞ QÀ_»Å =∞^èŒº #∞O_ç LitHõΔ
HÀãÖ Z^Œ∞~°∞ K«∂ã¨∂Î ‰õÄ_® PÜ«∞# Éèí=ºÉèÏ~°`«O HÀãÖ HõÅÅ∞ Hõ<åfl~°∞. P HõÅÅ#∞
33
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
ÑÖ_çOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ =∞`«ã∞¨ Å÷ =∞^èºŒ # =∂„`«"∞Õ HÍ^Œ∞, „Ñ¨*Ï ãÖÑ¶∂¨ Å∞, ~å[H©Ü∞« áêsìÅ∞,
=∞`« ãÖã¨÷Å∞ Jxfl‰õÄ_® SHõºOQÍ LO_®Åx PHÍOH˜ΔOKå~°∞. SHõº`«‰õΩ Éèí∂q∞HõQÍ
=∂`«$Éèí∂q∞ q=ÚH˜Î HÀãÖ Jxfl=~åæÅ∞ POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ q∂^Œ áÈ~°∞ã¨ÖÏÊÅx, L"≥fi`«∞Î#
L^Œºq∞OKåÅx „Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ Ñ≤Å∞Ñ¨ÙxKåÛ~°∞.
=∞#Ö’x J<≥H· ºõ `« =¸ÅOQÍ =∞#O Ñ¨~å~ÚáêÅ‰õΩÅ‰õΩ ÉÏxã¨Å=Ù`«∞<åfl=∞x
qKå~°O =ºHõÎO KÕâß~°∞. D <ÕÑ¨^äŒºOÖ’ =∞#efl JO`«"≥ÚOkã¨∞Î#flk Z=fi~À HÍ^Œ∞
=∞#Ö’x J<≥·Hõº`« =∂„`«"Õ∞ =∞#efl JO`«O KÕã¨∞Î#flk, Jx „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå~°∞. =∞#"åàı§
=∞# JO`åxH˜ HÍ~°}=∞ø`«∞<åfl~°<Õ ÉèÏ=O`À POˆQ¡Ü«Ú_»∂ HÍ^Œ∞, [~°‡h"å_»∞ HÍ^Œ∞,
~°+¨º<£ HÍ^Œ∞, @s¯"å_»∞ HÍ^Œ∞, =∞#efl JO`«O KÕã¨∞Î#fl"åà◊√§ =∞# Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂™ê÷hÜ«ÚÖË
Jx J<åfl~°∞. D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ `åufiHõ ÉèÏ=#Å#∞ ‰õÄ_® =ºHõÎO KÕã¨∂Î, „áê~°÷#Å∞–Ñ≤\ ©+¨#¡
ãÖã¨¯ $u WHõ =^Œ<Ì åfl~°∞. P"ÕâÑ◊ Ù¨ á⁄OQÆ∞Å∞ QÆÅ „Ñ¨[Å∞ `«##∞ z„`«ÇÏ≤ Oã¨Å∞ ÃÑ_»∞`«∞#fl
"å_çfl ^Õâ◊O |Ü«∞\˜^•HÍ `«iq∞ `«iq∞ H˘_»`å~°x PÜ«∞# PHÍOH˜ΔOKå~°∞. D
q+¨Ü«∞"≥∞ÿ PÜ«∞# ~åã≤# L~°∂Ì Hõq`«‰õΩ `≥Å∞QÆ∞ `«~°∞˚=∂ „HÕk q^èŒOQÍ ™êyOk.
"å_»∞ HÍ^Œ∞ `≥Å¡"å_»∞, "å_»∞ HÍ^Œ∞ JO`«Hõ#fl [~°‡x "å_»∞ – ~°ëêº "å_»∞
HÍ<ÕHÍ^Œ∞, HÍ_»∞ "å_»∞ @s¯"å_»∞ – Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂™êÎhÜ«Ú_»∞ `«ÖÏi "å_»∞– ##∞fl K«OÑ¨Ù"å_»∞
<Õ_∞» – áêÑÖ! =Úiã≤áÈ`«∞<åfl~°∞ÖÏ LOk ##∞fl <åâ◊#O KÕ¿ãâß=∞x–"å~°∞ Z=~°fl~Ú`Õ
<åâ◊#O KÕ¿ãâß=∞x ÉèÏqã¨∞Î<åfl~À – „QÆÇ≤ÏOK«<Õ ÖË^Œ∞ Jã¨Å∞ ~°Ç¨Ïã¨ºO "å~°∞ –
<åâ◊#O KÕÜ«∞‰õΩO_®<Õ #tOzáÈÜÕ∞"å}˜fl <Õ#∞ – =∞i ÅHõΔ™ê~°∞¡ „Ñ¨Ü«∞`«flO ^ÕxH˜ ?
– =^Œ∞Ì =^Œ∞Ì 'q#fláêÅ∞— ! =^Œ∞Ì =^Œ∞Ì 'q#fláêÅ∞— ! – =ÙO>Ë yO>Ë P"Õâ◊Ñ¨Ù á⁄OQÆ∞
^Õâ◊ [#O QÆ∞O_≥Ö’¡ – `«iq∞ `«iq∞ H˘_®Î~°∞ ^Õâ◊O |Ü«∞\˜^•HÍ – <Õ_»∞ ##∞fl z„`«
Ç≤ÏOã¨Å áêÅ∞*Ëã¨∞Î#fl "å}˜‚ ! (L~°∂Ì =¸ÅO: JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£, `≥Å∞QÆ∞ ¿ã`« :
<ål~ü, „Ñ¨*Ï™êÇ≤Ïu =∂ã¨Ñ¨„uHõ, _çÃãO|~°∞ 2000.)
Pk #∞O_ç „â◊=∞r=ÙÅ Ñ¨HõΔáêu

ÉèÏ~°`« ™êfi`«O„`À^Œº=∞OÖ’ HÍi‡Hõ–Hõ~°¬Hõ [#∞Å „áêux^èŒºO J`«º=ã¨~°=∞x
JëêÊùMò ÉèÏqOKå~°∞. z#fl`«#O #∞O_ç `«=∞ [q∂O^•i ‰õΩ@∞Oc‰õΩÅ∞ „Ñ¨=~°Î#‰õΩ
aè#flOQÍ =º=Ç¨ÏiOKå~°∞. „â◊=∞r=ÙÖˇ·# HÍi‡‰õΩÅ∞ – Hõ~°¬‰õΩÅ∞ Ñ¨_»∞`«∞#fl "≥`«Å∞
f~åÅx P~å@Ñ¨_®¤~°∞. D ~°∞QÆ‡`«Å‰õΩ Ñ¨~å~ÚáêÅ# HÍ~°}=∞x ÉèÏqOKå~°∞.
JO^Œ∞=Å# =Åã¨ áêÅ#‰õΩ ã¨fiã≤Î Ñ¨ÅHÍÅ<åfl~°∞. ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊ ™œÉèÏQÆºO „â◊=∞r=ÙÅ
34
g∞^Œ P^è•~°Ñ¨_ç LO^Œ<åfl~°∞. „â◊=∞‰õΩ `«QÆæ „ÑüÑ¶¨ÅO „â◊=∞r=ÙÅ‰õΩ ^ŒHõ¯_»O ÖË^Œx
P"Õ^Œ# K≥O^•~°∞. D ^Œ∞~°ƒù~° Ñïã≤÷`«∞Å‰õΩ áêÅHõ=~åæÅ∞, áêÅHõ=~åæÅ `˘`«∞ÎÖˇ·#
[g∞O^•~°∞Å∞, P [g∞O^•~°∞Å „Ñüx^èŒ∞Å∞ HÍ~°}=∞<åfl~°∞. [g∞O^•~°∞Å#∞ ÑÖ@
Éè∂í =ÚÖ’¡H˜ ~°ÑÊ≤ OKåÅx, "åiKÕ`« ¿ã^ŒºO KÕ~ÚOKåÅ<åfl~°∞. D q+¨Ü∂« Å#∞ JëêÊùMò
KåÖÏ ã¨Ê+¨ìOQÍ q=iOKå~°∞.
JëêÊùMò `«# „Ñ¨QÆujÅ Jaè„áêÜ«∂Å‰õΩ ã¨„Hõ=∞"≥∞ÿ# suÖ’ JHõΔ~° ~°∂ÑÖ
W=fiÖËHõáÈÜ«∂~°∞. JO`«\ ˜ ã¨=∞Ü«∞O PÜ«∞#‰õΩ ÖËHõáÈ~ÚOk. PÜ«∞# ~åã≤# ÖËYÅ∞,
_≥·sÅ∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ H˘O`« =~°‰õΩ PÜ«∞# PÖ’K«#Å#∞ "≥Å¡_çã¨∞Î<åfl~Ú. PÜ«∞# ~åã≤#
ÖËYÅhfl ‰õÄ_® JO^Œ∞ÉÏ@∞Ö’H˜ ~åÖË^Œ∞. PÜ«∞# J#flQÍiO@ ^˘OQÆÅ∞ Ñ¨_ç ™⁄`«∞Î,
™ê=∂„y`À áê@∞QÍ JëêÊùMò ~åã≤# ÖËYÅ#∞ ‰õÄ_® Z`«∞‰Î Ωõ áÈÜ«∂~°∞. D ^˘OQÆ`#« O
=Å# J=¸Åº"≥∞ÿ# PÜ«∞# ÖËYÅ∞ K«i„`«‰õΩ JO^Œ‰õΩO_® áÈÜ«∂~Ú. D HÍ~°}OQÍ
PÜ«∞##∞ ã¨=∞„QÆOQÍ J^èºŒ Ü«∞#O KÕÜ∞« _®xH˜ K«i„`«HÍ~°∞Å‰õΩ gÅ∞ÖË‰Ωõ O_® áÈ~ÚOk.
„â◊=∞r=ÙÅ Ñïã≤÷`«∞Å#∞ q=iã¨∂Î, ¿Ñ^ŒÔ~·`«∞Å, ^Œ∞ód`«∞Öˇ·# HÍi‡‰õΩÅ
ã≤÷uQÆ`«∞Å Ñ¨@¡ <å Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∞O ZÅ¡Ñ¨C_»∂ P"Õ^Œ#‰õΩ QÆ∞~°=Ù`«∞Ok. D =~åæÅ ^Œ∞~°ƒù~°
rq`åÅ#∞ KåÖÏ ã¨g∞ÑÖ #∞O_ç QÆ=∞xOKå#∞. <å‰õΩ ™ê^èŒºO JÜÕ∞º@ì~Ú`Õ „Ñ¨ÑÖ
K«OÖ’x ã¨HõÅ ™œHõ~åºÅ#∞ "åiH˜ JO^ŒKÕÜ«∂Åx <å =∞#ã¨∞û HÀ~°∞‰õΩO@∞Ok.
=∞# Ñ¨@ì}ÏÅÖ’x ™œÉèÏQÆºO gi „â◊=∞ =Å# =zÛ KÕ~°∞`ÀOk. =∞# Hõ~å‡QÍ~åÅ∞
gi =Å# #_»∞ã¨∞Î<åfl~Ú. =∞# ‰õΩàÏ~ÚÅÖ’ =∞Ozhà◊√§ ‰õÄ_® gi =Å# =∂„`«"Õ∞
Åaèã¨∞Î<åfl~Ú. =∞#O J#∞Éèíqã¨∞Î#fl Jxfl ™œHõ~åºÅ∞ D =~åæÅ „â◊=∞ =Å# =∂„`«"Õ∞
^Œ‰õΩ¯`«∞<åfl~Ú.
¿Ñ^ŒÔ~·`«∞ =~°¬OÖ’ `«_»∞ã¨∂Î, =∞O_»∞>ˇO_»Ö’ =∂_»∞`«∂ =∞# HÀãÖ PÇ¨~°
^è•<åºÅ#∞ ÑÖ_çã¨∞Î<åfl_»∞. ÑÖ_çOz# ^è•#ºOÖ’ Ô~·`«∞‰õΩ, `«# „â◊=∞`À `«Ü«∂~°∞
KÕã#≤ ã¨~∞° ‰õΩÖ’ HÍi‡‰õΩxH˜ ã¨~Ô #· "å\Ï ÅaèOK«_O» ÖË^#Œ flk "åã¨=Î O. D Ñïã≤`÷ ∞« Å‰õΩ
áêÅHõ=~åæÅ∞, [g∞O^•~°∞Å∞, "åi„Ñüx^èŒ∞Å∞ HÍ~°}=∞=Ù`«∞<åfl~°∞. D ã¨=∞ã¨º‰õΩ
Ñïëê¯~°O UO\©?
P „Ñ¨É∞íè =ÙÅ#∞, [g∞O^•~°∞Å#∞, U*ˇO@¡#∞ HÍi‡Hõ, Hõ~¬° Hõ [#∞Å Ñïã≤`÷ ∞« Å#∞
`≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ ã≤÷uH˜ fã¨∞‰õΩ~å"åe. [g∞O^•~°∞Å∞ `«=∞ [g∞<£#∞ =^Œ∞Å∞‰õΩx Ô~·`«∞ÖÏ¡ˆQ
á⁄ÖÏÖ’¡ ÑÖ@Å∞ ÑÖ_çOKÕ Ñïã≤÷u HõÅ∞QÆKÕÜ«∂e. =∞#O Hõ~å‡QÍ~åÅÖ’ ™ê÷#O
ãÖáêkOz HÍi‡‰õΩÅ‰õΩ "åi ã≤÷uQÆ`«∞Å#∞ `≥eÜ«∞KÕã≤ "åiÖ’ P`«‡qâßfi™êxfl
ÃÑOáÈOkOKåe. g∞~°∞ „QÍO_£=∂ã¨ì~ü PÑ¶π ~°ëêº, ˆH^äŒi<£ rq`« K«i„`« K«^Œ=O_ç.
35
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
JHõ¯_ç <Õ`«Å `åºQÍÅ#∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀO_ç. g∞~°∞ =∞Oz >ˇÿ, HÀ@∞ ÖÏO\˜ ^Œ∞ã¨∞ÎÅ∞
^èŒiOz `«Ñ¨Ê‰õΩO_® <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ∞ HÍQÆÅ~°∞. HÍx HÍi‡‰õΩÅ∞, Hõ~°¬‰õΩÅ‰õΩ U=∂„`«O
"Õ∞Å∞ KÕÜ«∞ÖË~°∞, Jx JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ J<åfl~°∞. (Shaheed Asfaqulla Khan
Aur Unka Yug, by Sudhir Vidyardhi, Pages.11 and 121)
„â◊=∞r=ÙÅ`À HõÅã≤"≥∞Åã≤ Ñ¨xKÕã¨∞Î, "åix K≥·`«#º=O`«∞efl KÕÜ«∞=∞x
ã¨∂zOKå~°∞. „â◊=∞r=ÙÅ rq`å=ã¨~åÅ#∞, Hõ+¨ìã¨∞MÏÅ#∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀÖËx <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiO
â◊√^Œú ^ŒO_»QxÆ , „â◊=∞r=ÙÅ ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞O Ñ¨@xì <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ g∞^Œ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ K«∞~°HÅõ ∞
"Õ™ê~°∞. „â◊=∞r=ÙÅ ãÖˆHΔ=∞O HÀãÖ z`«Îâ◊√kú`À <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiO `«Ü«∂~°∞ HÍ"åÅx,
JO^Œ∞‰õΩ =∞Oz ™êÇ≤Ï`åºxfl ã¨$+≤Oì KåÅx, J@∞=O\˜ ™êÇ≤Ï`åºxfl JO^Œ~∂° K«^"Œ åeû#
J=ã¨~°O LO^Œ<åfl~°∞.
ã¨=∂[OÖ’ ™êQÆ∞`«∞#fl ^ÀÑ≤_çH˜ HÍ~°}O Z=~°∂? „â◊=∞r=ÙÅ‰õΩ â◊`«$=Ù
Z=~°∂? J<Õ JOâ◊O g∞^Œ ‰õÄ_® JëêÊùMò‰õΩ YzÛ`«"≥∞ÿ# J=QÍÇ¨Ï# LOk. D
q+¨Ü«∞"≥∞ÿ PÜ«∞# =∂\Ï¡_»∞`«∂, ^ÀÑ≤_ô ^•~°∞_»∞ ^ÀK«∞‰õΩ#fl ™⁄`«∞Î`À, Ñ‘_çOKÕ"å_»∞
Ñ‘_ç`«∞Å ™œÉèÏQÆºO`À `«# Hõ_»∞Ñ¨ÙÅ#∞ xOÑ¨Ù‰õΩO\Ï~°∞. =H©à◊√§ HõH˜Δ^•~°∞Å,
[g∞O^•~°∞Å∞ H“Å∞^•~°∞Å, ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•~°∞_»∞ HÍi‡‰õΩÅ Hõëêìi˚`åxfl [ÅQÆÅ∞ ~°HÍÎxfl
Ñ‘Å∞Û‰õΩ#fl@∞ì Ñ‘Å∞Û‰õΩO\Ï~°∞. g~°O`å „â◊=∞ KÕÜ∞« x Ñ¨x^˘OQÆÅ∞. JO^Œ∞=Å# ^ÀÑ≤_Hô ˜
áêÅÊ_»∞`«∞O\Ï~°∞. D ^ÀÑ≤_xç JO`«O KÕÜ∞« _»O J`«º=ã¨~O° . D â◊‰Ωõ ÅÎ ‰õΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ
Ü«Ú^ŒúO `«Ñ¨Ê^Œx, JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå~°∞. (Shaheed Asfaqulla Khan
Aur Unka Yug, by Sudhir Vidyardhi, Page.107)
D q+¨Ü«∂<Õfl PÜ«∞# Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ì „QÆ∂Ñ¨Ù q∞„`«∞Å`À J<Õ"å~°∞. D ÉèÏ"åÅ#∞

|\˜ì `«##∞ Z=~°∞ Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ìQÍ ÉèÏqOz<å ÖËHõ =∞~ÀHõ\ ˜QÍ ÉèÏqOz<å `«#‰õΩ
Z@∞=O\˜ JÉèíºO`«~°O ÖË^Œx ‰õÄ_® JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå~°∞. D ~°HõOQÍ
PÖ’K«#Å∞ KÕã≤# "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞_®Ü«∞#, Jx N ã¨∞nè~ü q^•ºi÷ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞.
qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∂xH˜ x^èŒ∞Å H˘~°`«

=∂`«$Éèí∂q∞ Ñ¨@¡ J`«ºO`« Q“~°"åaè=∂<åxfl =ºH©ÎHõiOz, ^Õâ◊O HÀãÖ
=∞~°}Ïxfl ‰õÄ_® PÇ¨fixOKÕ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ ÖÏO\˜ „Ñ¨QÆujÅ ÉèÏ"åÅ∞, x™êfi~°ú zO`«<å
Ñ¨~°∞Öˇ·# Ü«Ú=‰õΩÅ∞ qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∂xH˜ [=O r=O JÜ«∂º~°∞. =∂`«$Éèí∂q∞ q=ÚH˜Î
HÀãÖ HõOHõ}O Hõ@∞ì‰õΩ#fl qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å =¸ÅOQÍ qÑ¨¡= HÍ~°ºHõÖÏáêÅ∞ =Ú=∞‡~°
=∞Ü«∂º~Ú. ÉˇOQÍÖò „Ñ¨^•è # Hˆ O„^ŒOQÍ qÑ¨=¡ HÍ~°∞Å∞ ^Õâ=◊ ∞O`«\Ï Ñï"åºÑ≤Î HÍ™êQÍ~°∞.
36
L`«~Î „° Ñ¨^âÕ ò, cÇ¨~ü ~å„ëêìÅÖ’ qÑ¨"¡ À^Œº=∞O Ñ¨H_õ ƒ» OnQÍ ™êQÆ∞`ÀOk. Ñ¨Å∞ Ñ¨@}ì ÏÖ’¡
qÑ¨¡= ˆHO„^•Å∞ U~°Ê_®¤~Ú. qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å∞ x~°fiÇ≤Ïã¨∞Î#fl 'Ü«∂Hõ¬<£û— q[Ü«∞=O`«O
J=Ù`«∞O_»@O`À ~Ô \Õì z# L`åûÇ¨ÏO`À JëêÊùMò ÖÏO\˜ ^ÕâÉ◊ Hèí Î˜ Ñ¨Ói`«∞Öˇ#· Ü«Ú=‰õΩÅ∞
~°Ç¨Ïã¨º qÑ¨¡= ^ŒàÏÅÖ’ ã¨Éèíº`«fiO ã‘fiHõiOK«™êQÍ~°∞. P ~ÀAÖ’¡ ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞ x~åHõ~°}
L^Œº=∂xfl QÍOnèr ~°^∞Œ Ì KÕÜ∞« @O, *ÏfÜ«∞ HÍO„ÔQãπ H˘O`« HÍÅO =~°‰Ωõ P L^Œº=∞O
™ê÷#OÖ’ =∞~ÀHõ L^Œº=∞~°∂áêxfl „Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ K«∂Ñ¨Hõ áÈ=@O =Å# U~°Ê_ç# x¿ãÎ[
Ñïã≤÷`«∞ÅÖ’ qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞O Ñ¨Ù~°∞_»∞áÈã¨∞‰õΩOk.
D "å`å=~°}Ïxfl N ~åO „Ñ¨™ê^£ aã≤‡Öò =∞iO`« ÑïÑ¨Ù+¨ìO KÕÜ«∂Å#∞
‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. Ñ¨Å∞ „áêO`åÅÖ’ qÑ¨=¡ Hˆ O„^•Å#∞ „áê~°OaèOKåÅx, ™êÇ¨Ïã¨∞Öˇ#· Ü«Ú=‰õΩ
Å#∞ ÉèÏs ãÖYºÖ’ ^ŒàO◊ Ö’H˜ fã¨∞HÀ"åÅx, qÑ¨"¡ À^Œº=∂xH˜ „Ñ¨[Å =∞^Œ`Ì ∞« ãÖáêkO
KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ „Ñ¨[Å#∞ K≥`· #« ºO KÕÜ∞« _®xH˜ ™ê=∂lHõ qHÍã¨ ¿ã"å Hˆ O„^•Å#∞ „áê~°OaèO
KåÅx, „QÆO^ä•ÅÜ«∂Å#∞ U~åÊ@∞ KÕÜ«∂Åx Ñ¨Å∞ Ñ¨^äŒHÍÅ∞ ~°∂áÈOkOKå~°∞. qÑ¨¡=
™êÇ≤Ï`åºxfl „Ñ¨K«∞iOz q„ã¨Î $`«OQÍ ÑÖÑ≤}© KÕÜ«∂Åx PÜ«∞# ÉèÏqOKå~°∞.
D Ñ¨^äŒHÍÅ#∞ J=∞Å∞ KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ Pi÷Hõ =#~°∞Å Hõ~°∞=Ü«∂º~Ú. q=ÚH˜Î
áÈ~å@OÖ’ „áê}ÏÅ#∞ Ãã·`«O Ñ¨}OQÍ ÃÑ@ìQÆÅ `åºQÆ^èŒ#∞Öˇ·# Ü«Ú=‰õΩÅ#∞
qÑ¨"¡ À^Œº=∞O ã¨=∞‰õÄ~°∞ÛHÀQÆey<å Pi÷Hõ Ö’@∞ f~°‰Ωõ Ok. P HÍ~°}OQÍ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂Å∞
=ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ ™êQÆ@OÖË^∞Œ . JO^Œ∞=Å# Pi÷Hõ |ÅO HÀãÖ aã≤‡Öò J<Õfi+¨} ™êyOKå~°∞.
P J<Õfi+¨}Ö’ ÉèÏQÆOQÍ „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi Y*Ï<å#∞, „Ñ¨É∞íè `åfixH˜ =`åÎã∞¨ ÑëHˆ [q∞O^•~°∞Å#∞
^ÀÑ≤_ç KÕÜ«∂Åx x~°‚~ÚOz# qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å∞ Ñ¨Å∞ Ü«∂Hõ¬<£û#∞ q[Ü«∞=O`«OQÍ
x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKå~°∞.
D Ñïã≤u÷ áêÅHõ =~åæÅÖ’ f„= HõÅ=~åxH˜ HÍ~°}"≥∞Oÿ k. „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO xÑ¶∂¨ #∞
f„=`«~O° KÕãO≤ k. ~°ÇÏ¨ ã¨º áÈbã¨∞Å Ç¨Ï_®=Ù_ç Z‰õΩ¯"≥O· k. qÑ¨=¡ HÍ~°∞Å‰õΩ Z@∞=O\˜
ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞ ã¨¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~åÅ∞ ÅaèOK«‰õΩO_®, Hõ@∞ìk@ì"≥∞ÿ# K«~°ºÅ#∞ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO KÕÑ¨\ ˜ìOk.
qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å‰õΩ f„= „Ñü‰õÄÅ Ñïã≤÷`«∞Å∞ U~°Ê_®¤~Ú. „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi K«~°ºÅ =Å# qÑ¨¡=
HÍ~°∞Å‰õΩ Pi÷HOõ QÍ KåÖÏ QÆ_∞» ¤ ~ÀAÅ∞ ^•Ñ¨ÙiOKå~Ú. qÑ¨=¡ ãÖÑ¶∂¨ ÅÖ’x HÍ~°ºHõ~ÅÎ°
Hõhã¨ Y~°∞ÛÅ‰õΩ, z=~°‰õΩ Éè’[# ã¨^Œ∞áêÜ«∂Å‰õΩ ‰õÄ_® x^èŒ∞Å∞ Hõ~°∞=Ü«∂º~Ú. D
q+¨Ü∂« Å#∞ aã≤‡Öò ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ K≥ÑÙ¨ Ê‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. JÑ¨Ê\˜Ö’ ãÖÑ¶∞¨ ã¨É∞íè ºÅ Pi÷Hõ ã≤u÷ QÆ`∞« Å∞
37
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
Hõ_»∞ ^ŒÜ«∞hÜ«∞OQÍ LO_ç<å~Ú. â‹#QÆÅ∞ |∞H˜¯ |`«∞‰õΩ^•=∞<åfl J"≥·<å H˘#ÖËx
ã≤÷u. Z=i =^•Ì XO\˜xO_® |@ìÅ∞ ÖËx ~ÀAÅq. H˘O`«=∞Ok q^•º~°∞÷úÅ∞QÍ
=∂i ^èŒ~°‡ã¨„`åÖ’¡, QÆ∞à◊√§, Ñ¨Ù}ºf~å÷ÅÖ’ Lz`« Éè’[<åÅ‰õΩ "≥àı§"å~°∞...D ^Œ∞ã≤÷u
QÍOz <åÔHO`À ˆH¡â◊O HõÅQÆ™êyOk. Ü«Ú=‰õΩÅ â◊√+¨¯=^Œ<åÅ#∞ K«∂ã≤, JÜ≥∂º
ã¨ fi ^Õ â ◊ ¿ã"åHÍ~° º OÖ’ x=∞QÆ fl =∞=_» O =Å¡ aK« Û QÍà◊ § Hõ O >Ë J^è • fi#flã≤ ÷ u
^•Ñ¨ÙiOzO^Õ=∞x ‰õΩ=ÚÅ∞`«∂ `«~°K«∂ U_ÕÛ"å_çx, (aã≤‡Öò P`«‡Hõ^äŒ ó ¿Ñl 72–73)
Jx aã≤‡Öò `«# P`«‡Hõ^äŒÖ’ "åáÈÜ«∂~°∞.
|Å"≥∞#ÿ â◊„`«∞=Ù#∞ =∂`«$Éè∂í q∞ #∞Oz `«iq∞ H˘>ËOì ^Œ∞‰õΩ ™êQÆ∞`«∞#fl áÈ~°∞‰õΩ,
JOQÆ|ÅO`À áê@∞QÍ Pi÷Hõ, ™êÜ«Ú^èŒ |ÅO qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∂xH˜ KåÖÏ J=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿOk.
PÜ«Ú^è•Å#∞ ã¨=∞‰õÄ~°∞ÛHÀ=_®xH˜ `«y#O`« ^è#Œ O HÍ"åeû =zÛOk. D q+¨Ü∂« Å#∞
HÍHÀi ˆHã¨∞Ö’ JëêÊùMò`À áê@∞QÍ qKå~°} Z^Œ∞~˘¯x Ñ¨kãÖ=`«û~åÅ *ˇ·Å∞ tHõΔ#∞
J#∞ÉèíqOz# â◊pO„^Œ<å^è£ |H©Δ XHõ "åºãÖÖ’ D q^èŒOQÍ q=iOKå~°∞. 1925
ãÖ=`«û~°O =KÕÛ^•HÍ L`«Î~°„Ñ¨^ÕâòÖ’ qÑ¨¡= áêsì xÅ^˘‰õΩ¯‰õΩx, K«∞~°∞‰õΩQÍ Hõ^Œ∞Å∞
`ÀOk. EÖˇ· z=i "å~°OÖ’ [~°‡h #∞Oz ã‘ì=∞~À¡ Ñ≤™ÈÎà◊§ K«ÖÏ<å =ã¨∞ÎOk. Ñ≤™ÈÎà◊√§
HõÅHõ`åÎ áÈ~°∞ì KÕ~°_®xH˜ =ÚO^Õ _»|∞ƒx #QÆ^Œ∞ ~°∂ÑÖÖ’ [=∞Hõ\Ïìe. JO^Œ∞‰õΩ
KåÖÏ #QÆ^Œ∞ HÍ"åe. áêsì ^ŒQÆæ~° JO`« ™⁄=Ú‡ ÖË^Œ∞. ^ÀÑ≤_çH˜ kQÆ_»O `«Ñ¨Ê áêsìH˜
=∞~À =∂~°æO ÖË‰õΩO_® áÈ~ÚO^Œx, ('HÍHÀi ‰õΩ„@ ˆHã¨∞ #_çz# q^èŒO— ("åºãÖ),
"åºã¨~K° ~« Ú`«: â◊pO„^Œ<å^è£ |H©¬, P#∞"å^ŒO: qÑ¨ÙÖò K«„Hõ=iÎ, „Ñ¨*Ï ™êÇ≤Ïu, _çÃãO|~°∞
2000 <å\˜ ãÖzHõ, ¿Ñl. 26)
1925 =∂iÛ 6= `Õn# Ñ¶≤Öòd`ü lÖÏ¡Ö’x aKüÑ¨Ói „QÍ=∞OÖ’x „a\©+¨~°¡
`˘`«∞Î WO@ [iy# ^ÀÑ≤_çÖ’ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ áêÖÁæ<åfl~°∞. P q^èŒOQÍ<Õ Ñ¨Å∞
„áêO`åÅÖ’ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOz# Ü«∂HõΔ<£ûÖ’ JëêÊùMò áê„`« =Ç≤ÏOz#Ñ¨Ê\˜H©, PÜ«∞#‰õΩ D
`«~°Ç¨ ^ÀÑ≤_ôÅ∞ W+¨ìO ÖË^Œ∞. D J^ÀÑ≤_ôÅ =Å# HõeˆQ „Ñ¨Ü≥∂[#O HõO>Ë áêsì
Ñ¨@¡ „Ñ¨[ÅÖ’ U~°Ê_Õ „Ñü‰õÄÅ Jaè„áêÜ«∞O „Ñ¨=∂^Œ~°Hõ=∞x PÜ«∞# ÉèÏqOKå~°∞. P
Jaè„áêÜ«∂xfl JÜ«∞# `˘Å∞`« #∞O_ç =ºHõOÎ KÕã∂¨ Î =KåÛ~°∞. P q=∞~°≈Å Ñ¨~º° =™ê#OQÍ,
=∞~À=∂~°æO ÖËHõ ^ÀÑ≤_ôÅ‰õΩ kQÍÅx x~°‚Ü«∂xH˜ =KåÛ=Ú. J~Ú`Õ Z=i =ºH˜ÎQÆ`«
Pã¨∞Îefl H˘Å¡Q˘@ì_»=∞<åfl =∂‰õΩ ~Ú+¨ìO ÖË‰õΩO_≥#∞. ‰õ#∞Hõ ^ÀÑ≤_ç KÕÜ«∞_»"Õ∞
`«Ñ¨Ê#@ì~Ú`Õ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi ^èŒ<å<Õfl ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ ^ÀK«∞HÀ~å^Œx Ü≥∂zOz<å=Ú, Jx aã≤‡Öò
P<å_»∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl x~°‚Ü«∂xfl `≥eáê~°∞. (aã≤‡Öò P`«‡Hõ^äŒ ó ¿Ñl.76)
38
D "Õ∞~°‰Ωõ Éèqí +¨º`«∞ÖÎ ’ Z=i =ºH˜QÎ `Æ « Pã≤Î ‰õÄ_® ^ÀK«∞HÀ~å^Œx qÑ¨=¡ HÍ~°∞Å∞
x~°‚~ÚOKå~°∞.Pi÷Hõ =#~°∞Å ã¨g∞Hõ~°} HÀãÖ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi ™⁄=Ú‡#∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ ^ÀÑ≤_ô
KÕÜ«∂Åx ~åO„Ñ¨™ê^£ aã≤‡Öò xâ◊ÛÜ«∂xH˜ =KåÛ~°∞.
Pk #∞O_ç Ô~·Å∞ ^ÀÑ≤_çH˜ JëêÊMò =ºuˆ~HõO

„Ñ¨[Å Pã¨∞ÎÅ#∞ HÍ‰õΩO_® „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi ^èŒ<åxfl ^ÀK«∞HÀ"åÅ#fl x~°‚Ü«∞O `«~°∞"å`«
aã≤‡Öò P "Õ∞~°‰õΩ Ñ¨^äŒHõO ~°∂á⁄OkOKå~°∞. „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi Y*Ï<å#∞ `«~°eã¨∞Î#fl Ô~·Å∞
#∞O_ç „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi ™⁄=Ú‡#∞ ^ÀÑ≤_ô KÕÜ«∂Å#fl PÖ’K«##∞ ˆHO„^Œ ã¨q∞u =ÚO^Œ∞Oz,
`«# Ñ¨^äŒHÍxfl ã¨Ç¨ÏK«~°∞Å‰õΩ q=iOKå~°∞. P Ñ¨^äŒHõO QÆ∞iOz q#fl áêsì ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ~Ú#
Ü«Ú= qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å∞ á⁄OyáÈÜ«∂~°∞. „a\©+π „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO YOQÆ∞u<ÕÖÏ U^À XHõ\ ˜
KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ =∞Oz J^Œ#∞ J#∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. „áê}`åºQÆO KÕÜ«∂Å#fl |Å"≥∞ÿ# HÀiHõ
WÑ¨ÙÊ_»∞ =∂ =∞#ã¨∞ûÖ’ ã¨∞_»∞Å∞ u~°∞QÆ∞`ÀOk. K«∂_®e â◊„`«∞=Ù Éè∞í *ÏÖ’¡x |Å"≥∞O`À
(ã¨~üÑ¶¨~À+‘H˜ `«=∞<åfl JÉò Ç¨Ï=∂ˆ~ kÖò"Õ∞O ÃÇ·Ï.. ^ÕY<åÃÇ·Ï *’~üH˜`«<å ÉÏAÜÕ∞
MÏuÖò "Õ∞O ÃÇ·Ï) JO@∂ =∞øÖÏ<å Ç¨Ïã¨~°`ü "≥∂Ç¨x ~åã≤# L`ÕÎ[Ñ¨Ói`« w`åÖÏÑ¨#
KÕÜ«∞™êQÍ~°x â◊pO„^Œ |H©Δ `≥eáê~°∞. („Ñ¨*Ï ™êÇ≤Ïf _çÃãO|~°∞ 200, ¿Ñl. 27).
D „Ñüáê^Œ##∞ ã¨=∂"ÕâßxH˜ Ç¨[Ô~·# ã¨Éèí∞ºÅÖ’ JëêÊùMò `«Ñ¨Ê q∞ye#
"å~°O`å JOwHõiOKå~°∞. q∞„`«∞ÅO^Œi PÖ’K«#Å∞ q#fl `«~∞° "å`« JëêÊùMò xOáêkQÍ
=∂\Ï¡_»∞`«∂, ^Œà◊O WOHÍ |Ö’¿Ñ`«O HÍÖË^Œ∞, „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO`À <Õ~°∞QÍ `«ÅÑ¨_»QÆÅ â◊H˜Î
=∞#‰õΩ WOHÍ ã¨=∞‰õÄ~°Ö^Ë ∞Œ , JO^Œ∞=Å# =∞#O =ÚO^Œ∞ áêsìx Ñ¨\ +˜ Oì¨ KÕã∞¨ HÀ"åe,
áêsìx qã¨Î $`«Ñ¨~°K«∞HÀ"åe. „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixH˜ W@∞=O\˜ ã¨"åÖò qã¨~°_»O P`«‡Ç¨Ï`åº
ã¨^$Œ â◊ºO HÍQÆÅ^Œ∞. D ãÖÑ¶∞¨ @# [iy`Õ „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO ^Œàã◊ É¨ ∞íè ºÅ g∞^Œ KåÖÏ ^•~°∞}OQÍ
q~°∞K«∞‰õΩ Ñ¨_»QÆÅ^Œ∞. qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞O =∞#∞QÆ_» „Ñ¨=∂^ŒOÖ’ Ñ¨_»QÆÅ^Œx, PO^Àà◊#
=ºHõÎO KÕ™ê~°∞. (Shaheed Asfaqulla Khan Aur Unka Yug, by Sudhir
Vidyardhi, Page.34)
D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ `«# Jaè„áêÜ«∂xfl ã¨Ê+¨ìO KÕã¨∂Î qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞O =∞#∞QÆ_» ^Œ$ëêì º

D x~°‚Ü«∞O =∞Ozk HÍ#O^Œ∞# `å#∞ =ºuˆ~H˜ã¨∞Î<åflx JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå~°∞.
D Ñ¨^HŒä Íxfl xÅ∞Ñ¨Ù^ŒÅ KÕÜ∞« _»O =∞Oz^Œx z=i =~°‰Ωõ aã≤‡Öò‰Ωõ K≥|∞`«∂<Õ L<åfl~°∞.
PÜ«∞# KÕã#≤ ÃÇÏK«ÛiHõÅ#∞ qxÑ≤OK«∞‰õΩ<Õ ã≤u÷ Ö’ q∞QÆ`å ã¨ÇÏ¨ K«~∞° Å∞ ÖË~∞° . JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡
39
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
HÍHÀi Ô~·Å∞ ^ÀÑ≤_ç Ñ¨^äŒHõO QÆ∞iOz ™êy# K«~°ÛÅÅÖ’ áêÖÁæx

`«# =ºuˆ~Hõ`«#∞ ã¨Ê+¨ìO KÕã¨∞Î#fl JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£
40
`«# Jaè„áêÜ«∂xfl Ü«∂Hõ¬<£ HÀãÖ |Ü«∞Å∞ ^Õi# ÅH˜Δ º`« Ô~·Å∞ ÅHÀfl =KÕÛ ^•Hõ
K≥|∞`«∂<Õ L<åfl~°∞. z=~°‰õΩ HÍHÀi Ô~·ÖËfi ¿ãì+¨<£ KÕ~°∞‰õΩ#fl `«~åfi`« ‰õÄ_® PÜ«∞#
~åO„Ñ¨™ê^£ aã≤‡Öò`À, <å =∂@ q#∞ ~å"£∞, WÑ¨Ê\˜H© q∞OzáÈ~ÚOk ÖË^Œ∞. Ñ¨^Œ
"≥#H˜¯ uiyáÈ^•O. D Ü«∂HõΔ<£ [~°QÆ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. D „Ñ¨Ü«∞`«flO =∞#‰õΩ #+¨ì^•Ü«∞HõO
HÍQÆÅ^Œ∞ ã¨∞=∂, JO@∂ z=i =~°‰õΩ "≥Ú`«∞Î‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
K«i„`« ã¨$+≤ìOz# HÍHÀi Ô~·Å∞ ^˘Ñ≤_ç

„Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi Y*Ï<å#∞ ^ÀÑ≤_ô KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ Ñ¨^äŒHõO ã≤^Œú"≥∞ÿOk. qÑ¨¡= ^Œà◊OÖ’x
ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ‰õΩ ÉÏ^èŒº`«Å∞ JÑ¨ÊyOKå~°∞. D Ü«∂HõΔ<£Ö’ áêÖÁæ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ 10 =∞Ok`À
‰õÄ_ç# ^Œà◊O Jxfl q^è•Å ã≤^Œú"≥∞ÿOk. ëê[Ç¨<£Ñ¨Ó~ü #∞O_ç ÅHÀfl "≥_»∞`«∞#fl 8 _Ò<£
áêºã≤O[~°∞ Ô~·Å∞#∞ 1925 PQÆ+¨μì 9= `Õn# HÍHÀs–PÅO#QÆ~ü ¿ãì+¨#¡ =∞^èŒº PÑ≤,
P ~Ô Å· ∞Ö’ `«~e° OK«|_»∞`«∞#fl „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi Y*Ï<å#∞ ^ÀK«∞HÀ"åÅx Ñ¨^HŒä Oõ ~°∂á⁄OkOk.
D Ü«∂HõΔ<£Ö’ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£, =∞#‡^äŒ<å^ä£ QÆ∞áêÎ, K«O„^ŒâıY~ü J*Ï^£,
~å*ËO„^Œ„Ñ¨™ê^£ ÅÇ¨Ïi, ˆHâ◊"£ K«„Hõ=iÎ, =Ú~åsÖÏÖò, =Ú‰õΩO^£ÖÏÖò, â◊pO„^Œ<å^ä£
|H©Δ, aã≤‡Öò áêÖÁæ<åfl~°∞. Ñ¨^äŒHõO „Ñ¨HÍ~°OQÍ Ô~·Å∞ HÍHÀi, PÅO#QÆ~ü =∞^èŒº HÍHÀi
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ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
Ô~·ÖËfi ¿ãì+¨<£ ^•\˜<åHõ qÑ¨¡=Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å∞ Ô~·Å∞ K≥·#∞ ÖÏQÍ~°∞. |O_ç PyOk. Ñ¨k=∞Ok
qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å∞ |O_ç ky, `å=Ú qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å=∞x, „Ñ¨Ü«∂}©‰õΩÅ‰õΩ Z@∞=O\˜ Ç¨h
KÕÜ«∞=∞x, Ô~·Å∞Ö’ L#fl „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi Y*Ï<å#∞ ^ÀK«∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl=∞x, ZHõ¯_ç "å~°Hõ¯_»
~Ô Å· ∞ É’wÅÖ’ ‰õÄ~ÀÛ=Åã≤OkQÍ q[˝ÑÎ≤ KÕ™ê~°∞. QÍ~°∞#¤ ∞ Ñ≤™ÈÎÅ∞`À ÉèÜ í ∞« ÃÑ\˜ì „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi
Y*Ï<å QÆÅ W#∞Ñ¨ ÃÑ>ˇ#ì ∞ JuHõ+Oì̈ g∞^Œ HÕkH˜ kOKå~°∞. D ÃÑ>ˇì KåÖÏ Ñ¨\ +˜ Oì̈ QÍ
LO_»_»O`À =¸`«#∞ fÜ«∞_»O ‰õÄ_® ™ê^èŒºO HÍÖË^Œ∞.ÃÑ>ˇì =¸`«#∞ HÀã≤ `˘ÅyOK«
_®xH˜ „Ñ¨Ü«∞uflOz<å gÅ∞HÍÖË^Œ∞.
P Ñïã≤÷ux QÆ=∞xOz# JëêÊùMò `«# =^ŒÌL#fl =∞ø[~ü Ñ≤™ÈÎÅ∞#∞ Ñ¨Hõ¯#
L#fl ã¨ÇÏ¨ K«~∞° _çH˜ WzÛ KåÖÏ |~°∞"≥#· ã¨∞uÎ fã¨∞‰õΩx S~°<£ K≥ã∞¨ #ì ∞ |^ŒÅÌ ∞ H˘@ì™êQÍ~°∞.
ã≤OÇ¨Ï|Å∞_≥#· JëêÊùMò ^≥|ƒÅ‰õΩ S~°<£ K≥ã∞¨ ì |^ŒÅÌ ~ÚºOk. P q^èOŒ QÍ Ñ¨ÅQÆ∞ÅQ˘\˜#ì
S~°<£ K≥ã¨∞ì #∞O_ç _»|∞ƒ =¸@#∞ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ fã≤ ^Œ∞Ñ¨Ê\’¡ "Õã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. D
q^èOŒ QÍ HÍHÀi ~Ô Å· ∞ ^ÀÑ≤_ô ãÖÑ¶∞¨ @#QÍ ™êfi`«O„`«º ãÖ„QÍ=∞ K«i„`«Ö’ KÀ@∞KÕã∞¨ ‰õΩ#fl
™êÇ¨Ï™È¿Ñ`« K«~°º#∞ x=ÚëêÖ’¡ Ñ¨ÓiÎKÕã¨∞‰õΩx qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å∞ ãÖÑ¶¨∞@<å ã¨÷ÅO #∞O_ç
x„+¨¯q∞OKå~°∞.
JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ `«# x~°‚Ü«∂Å#∞ „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕK«@OÖ’ ZO`« ã¨Êù+¨ìOQÍ LO\Ï~À,
„Ñ¨*Ï™êfi=∞º|^ŒÌOQÍ fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl "≥∞*Ïi\© x~°‚Ü«∂xfl ‰õÄ_® JO`«QÍ Q“~°qOz
áê\ÕK«@O PÜ«∞#‰õΩ „Ñ¨*Ï™êfi=∞O Ñ¨@¡QÆÅ Q“~°"åxH˜ zÇ¨ÏflO. D q+¨Ü«∂xfl
=∞~À qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞_»∞, JáêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ ã¨Ç¨ÏK«~°∞_»∞ Nâ◊pO„^Œ<å^è£ |H©Δ „Ñ¨™êÎqã¨∂Î, z=~°‰õΩ
ZÖÏÔQ·`Õ<Õ Ju Hõ+¨ìO q∂^Œ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ S~°<£ K≥ãπìx |^ŒÌÅ∞ Q˘\Ïì_»∞. ^˘Ñ≤_ô
"≥Ú^ŒÖˇ@ì_®xH˜ =ÚO^Œ∞ D Ü«∂Hõ¬<£x x~°ã≤ã¨∂Î =zÛ# JëêÊùMò, ^ÀÑ≤_ç „áê~°OÉèíO
HÍQÍ<Õ, ^•xH˜ Ñ¨ÓiÎ ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~°O JOkOKÕ_»∞, Jx P<å\˜ ãÖÑ¶¨∞@# q=~åÅ∞
`≥eáê~°∞. („Ñ¨*Ï ™êÇ≤Ïu, =∂ã¨Ñ¨„uHõ, _çÃãO|~°∞ 2000, ¿Ñl. 28)
qÑ¨¡HÍ~°∞Å q∂^Œ q~°∞K«∞‰õΩÑ¨_»¤ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO

D HÍHÀi Ô~·Å∞ ^ÀÑ≤_ç ãÖÑ¶¨∞@# ^Õâ◊"åºÑ¨ÎOQÍ ãÖK«Å#O ã¨$+≤ìOzOk.
„a\©+π „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO YOQÆ∞uOk. áÈbã¨∞ =º=ã¨÷ LeH˜¯Ñ¨_çOk. „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi Y*Ï<å#∞
^ÀÑ≤_ô KÕÜ«∞_»O, Jk ‰õÄ_® XHõ Ô~·Å∞Ö’ `«~°eã¨∞Î#fl ™È`«∞Î#∞ Hõ#∞fl`≥iz
Hõ#∞fl=¸¿ãÖ’QÍ qÑ¨=¡ HÍ~°∞Å ^ŒàO◊ Z`«∞HÔÎ à◊§_®xfl „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO r~°O‚ KÕã∞¨ HÀÖËHáõ È~ÚOk.
D ãÖK«Å<å`«‡Hõ ãÖÑ¶∞¨ @#‰õΩ HÍ~°‰Ωõ Öˇ#· "åi Ñ¨@¡ J`«ºO`« Hõi#î OQÍ =º=Ç¨ÏiOKåÅx
x~°‚~ÚOzOk.
42
D ™êÇ¨Ï™È¿Ñ`« ãÖÑ¶¨∞@# „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixH˜ ã¨"åÖòQÍ =∂~°QÍ, ÉèÏ~°fÜ«ÚÅÖ’
ãÖ`ÀëêxH˜ HÍ~°}"≥∞ÿOk. ~å[H©Ü«∞OQÍ ãÎ̈|ú`« Hõ=Ú‡‰õΩ#fl *ÏfÜ≥∂^Œº=∞OÖ’ HÍHÀi
~Ô Å· ∞ ^ÀÑ≤_ç ãÖÑ¶∞¨ @# Q˘Ñ¨Ê HõêŒ Hõ `≥zÛOk. „Ñ¨[ÅÖ’ #∂`«# L`Õ*Î ÏxH˜ HÍ~°}"≥∞Oÿ k.
qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å#∞ L`ÕÎl`«∞Å#∞ KÕã≤Ok. Ñ¨@∞ì=∞x Ñ¨k=∞Ok ‰õÄ_® ÖËx qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å∞
ÃÑ^ŒÌ ãÖYºÖ’ L#fl „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi |ÅQÍÅ#∞ UO KÕÜ∞« QÆÅ~°x JÑ¨Ç¨ ã¨ºO KÕã∞¨ #Î fl ~å[H©Ü∞«
Ñ¨HΔÍÅ <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ‰õΩ HÍHÀi g~°∞Å∞ `«y# ã¨=∂^è•#O WKåÛ~°∞. Hõ~°Î=ºnHõΔ, ™êÇ¨ÏãÖ,

L^Œº=∞ x|^Œú`« LO>Ë ZO`«\ ˜ |ÅOQÆÅ â◊H˜Î<≥·<å Ñ¨~å[Ü«∞O áêÖË˚Ü«∞=K«Ûx D
™êÇ¨Ï™È¿Ñ`« ãÖÑ¶¨∞@#`À qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å∞ x~°∂Ñ≤OKå~°∞.
D ãÖÑ¶¨∞@#`À qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞ÅÖ’ P`«‡qâßfiãÖ |ÅÑ¨_ç, =∞ixfl K«~°ºÅ‰õΩ
áêÅÊ_»H=õ ÚO^Õ, P kâ◊QÍ Ñïã≤`÷ ∞« Å∞ q+¨q∞OK«H=õ ÚO^Õ HÍHÀi Ü«∂Hõ<Δ Ö£ ’ áêÖÁæ#fl
ã¨É∞íè ºÅO^Œix JÔ~ã¨∞ì KÕã,≤ JO`«O KÕÜ∂« Åx „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO x~°~‚ ÚOzOk. D ãÖÑ¶∞¨ @#
JO`«∞ `ÕÖËÛO^Œ∞‰õΩ qKå~°}ÏkèHÍi ã¨~ü Ç¨~°ì<£#∞ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO xÜ«∞q∞OzOk. JO^Œ∞‰õΩ
„Ñ¨`ÕºHõ áÈbã¨∞ ^ŒàÏÅ#∞, „a\©+π L#fl`« JkèHÍ~°∞Å |$O^•Å#∞ U~åÊ@∞ KÕã≤Ok.
JÔ~ã¨∞ìÅ∞ J`«ºO`« "ÕQÆOQÍ [~°QÍÅx P^ÕtOzOk. qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å JÔ~ã¨∞ìÅ‰õΩ
#[~å<åÅ∞ „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕzOk. qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å HÀãÖ Jxfl "≥·Ñ¨ÙÅ #∞Oz áÈbã¨∞Å "Õ@
ÉèÏs ™ê÷~ÚÖ’ „áê~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿOk. „a\©+π ~°Ç¨Ïã¨º áÈbã¨∞Å =º=ã¨÷ J„Ñ¨=∞`«Î"≥∞ÿOk.
qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å HÀãÖ áÈbã¨∞Å∞ JOQÆ∞à◊O JOQÆ∞à◊O QÍeOK«_»O P~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿOk.
43
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
HÍHÀi =^ŒÌ Ô~·Å∞Ö’x „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi ^èŒ<åxfl ÔH·=ãÖ KÕã¨∞‰õΩ#fl Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂™ê÷<£ iÑä¡H±
J™Èã≤ÜÕ∞+¨<£ P ™⁄=Ú‡#∞ ÅHÀfl‰õΩ `«~°eOzOk. qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞ <Õ`« ÑÖ_ç`« aã≤‡Öò
™⁄=Ú‡#O`å =O^Œ~∂° áêÜ«∞Å Hõ~Ô hûÖ’H˜ =∂iÊOKå~°∞. P ™⁄=Ú‡Ö’x =¸_»∞ <À@∞¡
=∂„`«O á⁄~°áê@∞# ëê[Ç¨<£Ñ¨Ó~üÖ’ K«ÖÏ=∞}˜Ö’H˜ =KåÛ~Ú. Jq HÍ™êÎ „a\©+π
qKå~°}ÏkèHÍi Ç¨~°<ì £ KÕuÖ’ Ñ¨_®¤~Ú. JÑ¨Ê\˜ =~°‰Ωõ HÍHÀi Hˆ ã¨∞ QÆ∞iOz Z@∞=O\˜
P^è•~°O ^˘~°HõHõ ã¨`«=∞`«=∞ø`«∞#fl áÈbã¨∞Å‰õΩ =∞Oz ‰õÄ¡ ^˘iHÕk. Ç¨~°ì<£
ãÖ|~°Ñ¨_®¤_»∞. PÑ¶¨∞"Õ∞Ñ¶¨∂Å q∂^Œ POk# P#"åà◊§ P^è•~°OQÍ `«# |ÅQÍxfl
Ñ¨~°∞QÆ∞ÖˇuÎOKå_»∞.
D q+¨Ü«∂ÖËq `≥eÜ«∞x HÍHÀi g~°∞Å∞ JÑ¨Ê\˜ =~°‰õΩ J*Ï˝`åxH˜ "≥à◊§ÖË^Œ∞.
aã≤‡Öò, JëêÊùMòÅ∞ ëê[Ç¨<£ÑÓ¨ ~üÖ’ ¿ãfiK«ÛQù Í u~°∞QÆ∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. Hõ~Ô hû <À@∞ P^è•~°OQÍ
áÈbã¨∞Å∞ fQÆÖÏQÆQÍ _˘OHõO`å Hõke#@∞ì H©ÅHõ q+¨Ü«∂Å∞ `≥e™ê~Ú. „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO
WHõ U=∂„`«O L¿ÑH˜ΔOK«ÖË^Œ∞. D ã¨=∂Kå~°O P^è•~°OQÍ ^Õâ◊OÖ’x qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å
™ê÷=~åÅ∞, QÆ$Ç¨Å∞, W`«~° „áêO`åÅ q∂^Œ 1925 ÃãÃÑìO|~ü 26 ~å„u áÈbã¨∞Å
^•_»∞Å∞ XHõ¯™êiQÍ [iQÍ~Ú. Jxfl "≥·Ñ¨ÙÅ #∞O_ç áÈbã¨∞ |ÅQÍÅ∞ Hõ=Ú‡‰õΩ<åfl~Ú.
D ^•_»∞ÅÖ’ ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 30 =∞Okx JÔ~ã¨∞ì KÕâß~°∞. D áÈbã¨∞ ^•_»∞ÅÖ’ N
K«O„^ŒâıY~ü J*Ï^£, N â◊pO„^Œ<å^è£ |H©Δ, JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ `«Ñ¨Ê, HÍHÀi ãÖÑ¶¨∞@#Ö’
áêÖÁæ#fl JO^Œ~°∂ ^˘iH˜áÈÜ«∂~°∞.
J*Ï˝`«OÖ’ JëêÊùMò
1925 ÃãÃÑìO|~ü 26 ~å„u áÈbã¨∞Å∞ JëêÊùMò QÆ$Ç¨ÏO q∂^Œ ‰õÄ_® ^•_ç
KÕâß~°∞. P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ JëêÊùMò ™È^Œ~∞° Å∞ iÜ«∂ã¨`∞« ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ J`«ºO`« KåHõKH« ºõ OQÍ
=º=Ç¨ÏiOK«_»O, „Ñ¨=∂^•xfl Z^Œ∞~˘¯<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ JëêÊùMò ^ä≥·~°ºO KÕÜ«∞_»O`À áÈbã¨∞Å
Hõà◊√§QÆÑ≤Ê J*Ï˝`«OÖ’H˜ "≥à◊§QÆeQÍ~°∞. PÜ«∞# `«# WO\˜H˜ J~°"≥∞ÿÅ∞ ^Œ∂~°OÖ’ L#fl
K≥~°∞‰õΩ `À@Ö’ H˘O`«¿ãÑ¨Ù ^•H˘¯x, JHõ¯_ç #∞Oz Ñ¨~å~°Ü«∂º~°∞. P ~ÀA ~å„u
[iy# q+¨Ü«∂Å#∞ iÜ«∂ã¨`«∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ D q^èŒOQÍ q=iOKå~°∞.
P ~ÀA `≥Å¡"å~°∞*Ï=Ú# #=∂*ò HÀãÖ x„^ŒÖËKå#∞. JÑ¨Ê\˜ˆH <å ÉèÏ~°º
#=∂*ò K«^Œ∞=Ù`ÀOk. WO\˜ QÆ_çÜ«∞ Z=~À H˘_»∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. "≥o§ f™ê#∞. Z^Œ∞~°∞QÍ
áÈbã¨∞ JkèHÍi Ñ¶¨™êÜ«∞`ü Ç¨ï¿ãû<£, PÜ«∞#`Àáê@∞ Ñ¨Å∞=Ù~°∞ áÈbã¨∞Å∞ L<åfl~°∞.
q+¨Ü«∞"Õ∞q∞@x J_çQÍ#∞. ™È^• HÀãÖ =KåÛ#<åfl~°∞. ~å„uÑ¨Ó@ ™È^• UO@x
44
„Ñ¨tflOKå#∞. lÖÏ¡ HõÅHõì~ü #∞O_ç ™È^•‰õΩ "åÔ~O\ò LO^Œ<åfl~°∞. K«∂ÃÑ@ì=∞<åfl#∞.
á⁄~°áê@∞# <å KÕuH˜ =∞~˘Hõ P*Ï˝Ñ¨„`«O WKåÛ_»∞. K«k"å#∞. Jk ™È^•‰õΩ
ãÖ|OkèOz# L`«~Î ∞° fi HÍ^Œ∞. Jk JëêÊùMò#∞ JÔ~ã¨∞ì KÕÜ∞« =∞#fl L`«~Î ∞° fi. P L`«~Î ∞° fiÅ#∞
`«fii`«QÆu# K«k"Õã≤, <å‰õΩ WOw¡+¨μ ~å^ŒO@∂ ^•xx uiy WKåÛ#∞. P `«~°∞"å`«
JkèHÍi ™È^•‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz# "åÔ~O\ò K«∂áê_»∞. WO\˜Ö’H˜ *Á~°|_»_®xH˜ KåÖÏ
`˘O^Œ~°Ñ¨_»∞`«∞<åfl_»∞. <å WÅ∞¡ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ ™È^• KÕÜ«∂Åx P_çQÍ#∞.
„Ñ¨`åÑπÑ∞¨¶ ~ü lÖÏ¡Ö’ ^ÀÑ≤_ç [iyOk. P ãÖÑ¶∞¨ @# q+¨Ü∞« "≥∞ÿ ™È^•Å∞ [~°∞QÆ∞
`«∞<åfl~Ú Jx Ñ¶¨™êÜ«∞`ü Ç¨ï¿ãû<£ J<åfl_»∞. QÆ$Ç¨ÏOÖ’ ' Ñ¨~åÌ#+‘ „ã‘ÎÅ∞ — L<åfl~°x
`˘O^Œ~°Ñ¨_»∞`«∞#fl áÈbã¨∞Å#∞ J_»¤yOKå#∞....WO\’¡ L#fl "å~°O^ŒiH˜ áÈbã¨∞Å∞
=zÛ L<åfl~°x `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù`«∂, áÈbã¨∞Å∞ `«ÖÏ+‘ HÀãÖ WO\’¡H˜ =ã¨∞Î<åfl~°x, "Õ∞_»
g∞kH˜ "≥à◊§=∞x <å ÉèÏ~°º‰õΩ K≥|∞`«∞#fl@∞¡QÍ PO^Œi`Àáê@∞, Pá¶êÊùMò#∞ ÃÇÏK«ÛiO
Kå#∞...P ÃÇÏK«ÛiHõ`À JëêÊùMò J„Ñ¨=∞`«Î=∞O JÜ«∂º_»∞. <å ÃÇÏK«ÛiHõ qx QÆ|QÆÉÏ
ÖËKå_»∞. `«# ÃÑ>ˇìÖ’ L#fl x¿+kè`« Ñ¨„uHõ '"åº<£QÍ~ü¤— HÍÑ‘Å#∞ fã¨∞‰õΩx HõΔ}ÏÅÖ’
"Õ∞_» g∞^Œ‰õΩ "≥o§áÈÜ«∂_»∞...áÈbã¨∞Å∞ WÅ¡O`å QÍeã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ |Ü«∞@
‰õÄ~°∞Ûx L<åfl~°∞. áÈbã¨∞ JkèHÍi Ç¨ï¿ãû<£ <å`À ÉÏ`åMÏh „áê~°OaèOKå_»~°∞.
=∂@Ö’¡ ##∞fl „Ñ¨Ö’ÉèíÃÑ>ËìO^Œ∞‰õΩ „Ñ¨Ü«∞uflã¨∂Î, 'JëêÊùMò`À <å‰õΩ ÑïK«Ü«∞O LOk,
L<åfl_® ? Ñ≤Å=O_ç, Ñ≤KåÛáê\˜ =∂\Ï¡_»∞‰õΩO\ÏO— J<åfl_»∞.
P =∂@ qO@∂<Õ, x#fl ~å„u 12 QÆO@Å „áêO`«OÖ’ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ ZHõ¯_çHÀ
"≥o§áÈÜ«∂_»<åfl#∞. P ã¨=∂^è•#O`À JkèHÍi HõOQÍ~°∞ Ñ¨_®¤_»∞. ZHõ¯_çH˜ "≥àÏ§_»x
J_çQÍ_»∞. Z=~À F áÈbã¨∞ JkèHÍi =zÛ JëêÊùMò#∞ JÔ~ã¨∞ì KÕÜ∞« _®xH˜ „Ñ¨Ü∞« `åflÅ∞
[~°∞QÆ∞`«∞<åflÜ«∞x, ZHõ¯_çÔH·<å "≥o§á⁄=∞‡x ã¨ÅÇ¨ WKåÛ_»x K≥áêÊ#∞. P =∂@`À
Ñ¶™¨ êÜ«∞`ü Ç¨ï¿ãû<£ =∞iO`« HõOQÍ~°∞ Ñ¨_∞» `«∂ P JkèHÍi Z=~°∞? Z=~°x? J_çQÍ_»∞.
=∂ „âıÜ≥∂aèÖÏ+≤ ¿Ñ~°∞ |Ü«∞@ ÃÑ@ì=∞O\Ï~å? JO@∂ x~åHõiOKå#∞. áÈbã¨∞
JkèHÍi KåÖÏ x~åâ◊Ñ¨_®¤_»∞.##∞fl áÈbã¨∞ ¿ãì+¨<£‰õΩ ~°=∞‡<åfl_»∞. PÜ«∞# "≥O@
<Õ#∞ ¿ãì+¨<£‰õΩ #_çKå#∞.áÈbã¨∞ |ÅQÍÅ`À ã¨Ç¨ P JkèHÍi x„+¨¯q∞OKå_»∞...<Õ#∞
áÈbã¨∞Å "≥O@ ¿ãì+¨<£‰õΩ "≥o§ uiy =KÕÛãïH˜ JëêÊùMò ÉÏÅ¯hÖ’ L<åfl_»∞.
Uq∞\˜^ŒO`å? Px J_çQÍ#∞. `å#∞ i=Å∂º+¨#s áêsìÖ’ KÕ~å#x, Jk ~°Ç¨Ïã¨º
qÑ¨=¡ ãÖÑ¶∞¨ =∞x K≥áêÊ_»∞. JÑ¨C_»∞QÍx <å‰õΩ Jã¨Å∞ q+¨Ü∞« O `≥eÜ«∞ÖË^∞Œ .(Shaheed
Asfaqulla Khan Aur Unka Yug, by Sudhir Vidyardhi, Page. 39-41)
P ~å„u áÈbã¨∞Å Hõ#∞flQÆÑÊ≤ JÔ~ã¨∞ì `«ÑÊ≤ OK«∞‰õΩ#fl JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡, ëê[Ç¨<£ÑÓ¨ ~ü
45
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
#∞O_ç =∂~°∞ "Õ+ÖÖ’ <Õ~°∞QÍ Éè’áêÖò "≥àÏ§~°∞. JHõ¯_» Z‰õΩ¯= HÍÅO LO_»ÖËHõ ÅHÀfl
g∞^Œ∞QÍ HÍ#∂Ê~°∞ =KåÛ~°∞. JHõ¯_» „Ñ¨`åÑπ Ñ¨„uHõ ãÖáê^Œ‰õΩ_»∞, qÑ¨¡"åaè=∂x N
QÆ}+Ë π â◊OHõ~ü q^•ºi÷x Hõe™ê~°∞. D „Ñ¨`åÑπ Ñ¨„uHõ HÍ~åºÅÜ«∞O P<å_»∞ qÑ¨=¡ HÍ~°∞Å‰õΩ
„Ñ¨^•è # ‰õÄ_»e Hˆ O„^ŒOQÍ LO_Õk. ã¨~åÌ~ü ÉèQí `Æ ãü O≤ Q∑`À áê@∞ Ñ¨Å∞=Ù~°∞ qÑ¨=¡ HÍ~°∞Å∞
„Ñ¨`åÑπÖ’ "åº™êÅ∞ ~å¿ã"å~°∞. N q^•ºi÷ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£‰õΩ H˘O`«HÍÅO P„â◊Ü«∞
q∞zÛ, JHõ¯_ç #∞Oz PÜ«∞##∞ Éˇ<å~°ãπ ÑÖáê~°∞. Éˇ<å~°ãπ J<å_»∞ qÑ¨¡= HÍ~°∞Å‰õΩ
=∞Oz ™ê÷=~°OQÍ#∂, ˆHO„^ŒOQÍ LOk. JHõ¯_»‰õΩ "≥o§# JëêÊùMò Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂™ê÷<£ iÑä¡H±
J™Èã≤ÜÕ∞+¨<£‰õΩ K≥Ok# W`«~° ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ`À HõÅã≤ cÇ¨~ü "≥o§áÈÜ«∂~°∞.
P q^èOŒ QÍ cÇ¨~ü "≥à§ı =ÚO^Œ∞ áÈbã¨∞ JkèHÍ~°∞Å Hõà√◊ §QÆÑÊ≤ JëêÊùMò ã¨fi„QÍ=∞O
=KåÛ~°∞. PÜ«∞# J#fl iÜ«∂ã¨`∞« ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ Hõ^#Œä O „Ñ¨HÍ~°O, JëêÊùYù ∞ÖÏ¡MÏ<£ JÅÇ¨ÉÏ^£
ZH±û„ÃÑãπÖ’ L^ŒÜ«∞O =¸_»∞ QÆO@Å‰õΩ ëê[Ç¨<£Ñ¨Ó~ü =KåÛ~°∞. PÜ«∞# ã≤‰õΩ¯
Ü«Ú=‰õΩx "Õ+O¨ Ö’ L<åfl~°∞. PÜ«∞# HÀãÖ áÈbã¨∞ JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞, ã≤.S._ç. JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞
¿ã+ì <¨ £ =^ŒÌ HÍÑ¨ÙHÍã≤ L<åfl~°∞. =∂~°∞"Õ+O¨ Ö’ L#fl PÜ«∞##∞ áÈbã¨∞Å∞ QÆ∞~°∞Î Ñ¨@Öì ^Ë ∞Œ .
PëêÊùMò ¿ãì+¨<£ #∞Oz u#flQÍ q∞„`«∞_»∞ 'Jb Mˇ·~ån— WO\˜H˜ "≥àÏ§~°∞. ÃÑ^ŒÌ#fl
=ÚÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£ +¨v=ÙÖÏ¡ MÏ<£#∞ K«∂_®Å<åfl~°∞. PÜ«∞# "Õ@ HÀãÖ "≥o§, JHõ¯_» [iy#
„Ñ¨=∂^ŒOÖ’ `«∞áêH˜ `«∂\Ï `«ye 15 ~ÀAÅ „H˜Ò« K«xáÈÜ«∂~°x q∞„`«∞_»∞ `≥eáê~°∞.
P "å~°Î qx JëêÊùMò ÉÏQÍ U_®Û~°∞. ÉÏ^èŒÑ¨_®¤~°∞. J#flÜ«∞º ã¨=∂kè =^ŒÌ‰õΩ "≥o§
„áê~°÷# KÕã≤ uiy WO\˜H˜ =KåÛ~°∞. P ~å„u Ñ¨^ŒH˘O_»∞ QÆO@Å Ô~·Å∞‰õΩ cÇ¨~ü
"≥o§áÈÜ«∂~°∞. (Shaheed Asfaqulla Khan Aur Unka Yug, by Sudhir
Vidyardhi, Page.47).
P `«~°∞"å`« JëêÊùMò áÈbã¨∞Å Hõ#∞flQÆÑ≤Ê ëê[Ç¨<£Ñ¨Ó~ü =zÛ "≥àÏ§~°∞. D

q+¨Ü∞« O `≥eã≤# áÈbã¨∞Å∞ L#fl`åkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ =∞O_çÑ_¨ ®¤~∞° . P„QÆÇÏ≤ OKå~°∞. P P„QÆÇ¨ xfl
JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ J#fl iÜ«∂ã¨`«∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ WO\˜ g∞^Œ K«∂áê~°∞. PÜ«∞# x"åãÖ g∞^Œ
^•_çKÕã≤, WO\˜Ö’x ™ê=∂#∞Å#∞ [Ñ¨ÙÎ KÕ™ê~°∞. D ãÖ^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£
~åã≤# ÖËYÅ∞, Hõq`«Å∞, PÜ«∞# `«Ü«∂~°∞KÕã¨∞‰õΩ#fl <À\òû#∞ áÈbã¨∞Å∞ Z`«∞ÎÔHàÏ§~°∞.
WO\’¡ "åix P_» =∞QÆ `Õ_® ÖË‰õΩO_® Ç≤ÏOã≤OKå~°∞. áÈbã¨∞Å∞ Z#fl_»∂ ÖËx
q^èŒOQÍ KåÖÏ cÉèí`«ûO ã¨$+≤ìOKå~°x JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ ™È^Œ~°∞Å∞ =∞Ç¨Ï=∞‡^£ iÜ«∂ã¨`«∞ÖÏ¡
"≥Å¡_çOKå~°∞.
JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ Ñ¨~åiÖ’ L#flÑ¨C_»∞ ÑÖ*Ï|∞‰õΩ K≥Ok# „Ñ¨=ÚY qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞_»∞
N ÖÏÖÏ ˆH^Œ~°<å^è£`À PÜ«∞#‰õΩ ÑïK«Ü«∞"≥∞ÿOk. PÜ«∞# JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡`À =∂\Ï¡
46
_»∞`«∂, „a\©+¨μ áÈbã¨∞Å‰õΩ zHõ¯‰õΩO_ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ãïÇ¨Ï^Œ∞ÌÅ∞ ^•\˜ áÈ"åÅ#∞‰õΩO>Ë
<Õ#∞ ã¨Ç¨ÏÜ«∞Ñ¨_»QÆÅ#∞. q∂‰õΩ Z@∞=O\˜ „Ñ¨=∂^ŒO ~å‰õΩO_® q∞=∞‡efl ãïÇ¨Ï^Œ∞ÌÅ∞
^•\ÕK«QÆÅ#∞. Jk <å‰õΩ KåÖÏ ã¨∞Å∞=Ù J<åfl~°∞. ã¨fi^Õâ◊O q_çz "≥à◊§@O JëêÊMò‰õΩ
W+¨ìO ÖË^Œ∞. N ÖÏÖÏ ã¨ÅÇ¨‰õΩ ã¨=∂^è•#OQÍ, <Õ#∞ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂™ê÷<£ #∞O_ç Ñ¨~åi
HÍ^ŒÅK«∞H˘ÖË^Œ∞. ™È^Œ~å! =Úã≤¡OÅÖ’ ‰õÄ_® XHõix ^Õâ◊O HÀãÖ LiHõO|O ZHõ¯x
=fiO_ç, Jx =∂`«$Éèí∂q∞ ¿ã=Ö’ „áê}`åºQÆO KÕÜ«∂Å#fl `«# =∞<À"åOKè«#∞
JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ P ãÖ^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ "≥Å¡_çOKå~°∞. (Shaheed Asfaqulla Khan Aur
Unka Yug, by Sudhir Vidyardhi, Page.47)
J*Ï˝`«OÖ’.... ‰õÄbQÍ J=`å~°O

„a\©+π áÈbã¨∞‰õΩ \’Hõ~å WzÛ =∂~°∞"ÕëêÅÖ’ `«Ñ≤ÊOK«∞‰õΩ u~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#fl
JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ u#flQÍ cÇ¨~ü ~å„+¨ìOÖ’x _®Åì<£ QÆO*ò lÖÏ¡ KÕ~°∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. P
„áêO`«OÖ’x XHõ Hõ~å‡QÍ~°OÖ’ ™ê=∂#º ‰õÄeQÍ Ñ¨xH˜ ‰õΩk~å~°∞. PÜ«∞# "Õ+Ö,
ÉèÏ+¨ =∂~åÛ~°∞. `«##∞ `å#∞ ™ê=∂#º ~Ô `· ∞« ‰õΩ@∞OÉÏxH˜ K≥Ok# =ºHÎ̃QÍ ÑïK«Ü∞« O
KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. F ™ê=∂#º ‰õÄbQÍ PÜ«∞# ~°Ç¨Ïã¨ºrq`åxfl P~°OaèOKå~°∞.
JëêÊùMò _®Åì<£ QÆO*òÖ’x Hõ~å‡QÍ~°OÖ’ Ñ¨x KÕã¨∂Î KåÖÏ ã¨∞~°H˜Δ`«OQÍ
QÆ_çáê~°∞. JHõ¯_» XHõ™êi [iy# Hõq ã¨"Õ∞‡à◊<åxH˜ PÜ«∞# Ç¨Ï[~°Ü«∂º~°∞. JHõ¯_»
PÜ«∞#Ö’x Hõq „Ñ¨^Œi≈=∞Ü«∂º_»∞. =∞Oz L~°∂Ì Hõq`«Å#∞ P ãÖ^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ QÍ#O
KÕâß~°∞. ™êÇ≤Ïf „¿Ñq∞‰õΩÅ =∞#fl# á⁄O^•~°∞.JëêÊùMò Ñ¨x KÕã¨∞Î#fl Hõ~å‡QÍ~°O
Ü«∞[=∂xH˜ L~°∂Ì Hõq`«Å∞ JO>Ë ÑÖK«„áê}ÏÅ∞. JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ KÕ`« PÜ«∞# =∞s
=∞s Hõq`«Å∞ K≥Ñ≤ÊOK«∞‰õΩx P#OkOKå~°∞. K«Hõ¯x Hõq`«fiO ~åÜ«∞@"Õ∞HÍHõ
=∞<ÀÇ¨Ï~°OQÍ Hõq`åQÍ#O KÕÜ«∞QÆÅ JëêÊùYò `«# =^ŒÌ H˘Å∞=Ù‰õΩ LO_»_®xfl PÜ«∞#
KåÖÏ QÆ~°fiÑ¨_®¤_»∞.
JëêÊùMò „ÑüÉè‰í Ωõ ãÖ`À+≤Oz# Ü«∞[=∂x JëêÊùMò r`åxfl ÉèÏsQÍ ÃÑOKå_»∞.
D "å`å=~°}OÖ’ JëêÊùMò Ç≤ÏOnx ÉÏQÍ Jaè=$kúÑ~¨ ∞° Û‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. ÉˇOQÍbÖ’ áê@Å∞
~åÜ«∞@"Õ∞ HÍ‰õΩO_®, =∞<ÀÇ¨Ï~°OQÍ áê_»QÆeˆQO`«QÍ Ñ¨@∞ì ™êkèOKå~°∞. Jëê¬Mò
Z=fiiH© Z@∞=O\˜ J#∞=∂#O ~å‰õΩO_®, Hõ+≤ìOz Ñ¨xKÕã¨∂Î Ü«∞[=∂x „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ
„¿Ñ=∂aè=∂<åÅ∞ á⁄O^•~°∞.
47
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
L^Œº=∞ ã¨∂Êix ÑÖ_çOz# L~°∂Ì Hõq
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HÍ=_»O =Å# z#fl `«#O #∞Oz JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡‰õΩ L~°∂Ì ™êÇ≤Ï`«ºO g∞^Œ =∞=∞HÍ~°O
U~°Ê_çOk. Hõq`«Å#∞ ~åÜ«∞_»O „áê~°OaèOKå~°∞. Ç¨Ïã¨~`° ü Jx HõÅO¿Ñ~°∞ ÃÑ@∞ì‰Ωõ <åfl~°∞.
Ç¨Ïã¨~`° ü JO>Ë ÖÏÅã¨ Jx J~°O÷ . PÜ«∞# "å~°ã‘ Jx =∞~À¿Ñ~°∞`À ‰õÄ_® Hõq`«Å#∞
~å™ê~°∞. L~°∂Ì Hõq ã¨"∞Õ ‡à◊<åÅÖ’ L`åûÇ¨ÏOQÍ áêÖÁæ<"Õ å~°∞. =∞Oz L~°∂ÖÌ ’, |Å"≥∞#ÿ
ÉèÏ"åÅ`À ™êy# PÜ«∞# Hõq`«Å∞ „Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ L`ÕlÎ `«∞efl QÍqOKÕq. PÜ«∞# ÉèÏ"åÅ`À
UH©ÉèíqOK«x "å~°∞ ‰õÄ_® JëêÊùMò Hõq`«ÅO>Ë K≥qHÀã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ"å~°∞. „j Ñ¨Ù~°∞ëÈ`«ÎO
^•ãπ \ÏO_»<£ ÖÏO\˜ „Ñ¨=ÚY∞Å∞ PÜ«∞# ™êÇ≤Ï`«ºO JO>Ë ÉÏQÍ W+¨ìÑ¨_Õ"å~°∞.
L~°∂Ì ÉèÏ+Ö>Ë PÜ«∞#‰õΩ „áê}O. qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞O`À `«Å=Ú#HõÖˇ·Ü«Ú#flÑ¨C_»∞
‰õÄ_® PÜ«∞# L~°∂Ì Hõq`«Å∞ ~åÜ«∞@O =∂#ÖË^Œ∞. Ü«Ú=‰õΩÅ#∞ qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞OÖ’
áêÖÁæ<ÕÖÏ KÕÜ«∞QÆÅ L`ÕÎ[Ñ¨Ói`« "åº™êÅ#∞ N ~åO„Ñ¨™ê^£ aã≤‡Öò ~åã≤Ñ¨C_»∞ P
"åº™êÅ∞ L~°∂ÌÖ’ ~åÜ«∞@O =Å# L~°∂Ì =∂`«$ÉèÏ+¨QÍ QÆÅ =Úã≤¡O Ü«Ú=`« ‰õÄ_®
P PÖ’K«#Å`À „Ñ¨ÉèÏq`«O HÍQÆÅ~°∞ Hõ#∞Hõ P "åº™êÅ#∞ L~°∂ÌÖ’ ~åÜ«∞=∞x PÜ«∞#
aã≤‡Öò#∞ HÀˆ~"å~°∞. D q+¨Ü«∂xfl ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ aã≤‡Öò „Ñ¨™êÎqã¨∂Î, <Õ <≥Ñ¨C_≥·<å
U^≥·<å "åºãÖ ÖËHõ Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõO Ç≤ÏOnÖ’ ~å¿ãÎ, JÑ¨C_»ÖÏ¡ h=Ù =Úã≤¡OÅ∞ ‰õÄ_®
K«^Œ=QÆeˆQO^Œ∞‰õΩ QÍ#∞ L~°∂ÌÖ’ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ ~åÜ«∞‰õÄ_»^Œx HÀ~°∞`«∞O_Õ"å_çq, (aã≤‡Öò
P`«‡Hõ^äŒ, ¿Ñl.106) J<åfl~°∞.
L~°∂Ì HõqQÍ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ ~åã≤# L~°∂Ì Hõq`«Å∞, "åº™êÅ∞ áÈbã¨∞Å
™È^•ÅÖ’ KåÖÏ =~°‰õΩ áÈQÍ, PÜ«∞xO@ [iy# ^˘OQÆ`«#OÖ’ =∞iH˘xfl =∂Ü«∞O
JÜ«∂º~Ú. P HÍ~°}OQÍ PÜ«∞# ã¨$lOz# L~°∂Ì ™êÇ≤Ï`«ºO Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ „Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ
^ŒHõ¯ÖË^Œ∞. P HÍ~°}OQÍ L~°∂Ì HõqQÍ PÜ«∞##∞ JOK«<å "ÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ ‰õΩ^Œ~°ÖË^Œ∞.
JOk#O`« =~°‰Ωõ PÜ«∞# QÆ∞iOz J^èºŒ Ü«∞#O KÕã#≤ ™êÇ≤Ïf q=∞~°≈‰õΩÅ∞ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡
MÏ<£ „Ñ¨=ÚY L~°∂Ì HõqQÍ „Ñ¨â◊Oã≤OKå~°∞.
PÜ«∞# „Ñü Hõq`«Ö’ =∂`«$Éèí∂q∞ Ñ¨@¡ QÆÅ „¿Ñ=∞, POˆQ¡Ü«∞ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO Ñ¨@¡
P„QÆÇ¨ÏO, ÉÏxã¨ „|`«∞‰õΩÅ #∞O_ç |Ü«∞@Ñ¨_»=∞#fl „Ñ¨É’^èŒO, PO^Œ∞‰õΩ qÑ¨¡qOK«=∞x
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48
=∞iH˘kÌ xq∞ëêÅÖ’ Lif™êÎ~°#QÍ ‰õÄ_» PÜ«∞# Hõq`«fiO K≥áêÊ~°∞. Li"ÕkHõ g∞^Œ
#∞O_ç ‰õÄ_» L~°∂Ì Hõq`«Å∞ qxÊOK«@O qâı+Ö.
JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡KÕ q~°z`« Hõq`«ÅÖ’ H˘xfl...
F <å =∂`«$^Õâ=◊ ∂ ã¨^• h‰õΩ ¿ã=KÕã∂¨ <Î Õ LO\Ï#∞. Li tHõΔ Ñ¨_<ç å,
[#‡Mˇ^· ∞Œ qkèOz<å, ÉË_Åç ^Œ~=° Ù`À h <å=∞ã¨‡~°} KÕã∂¨ <Î Õ LO\Ï#∞.
(¿ÇÏ =∂`«$Éèí∂q∞ `Õs ¿ã"å H˜Ü«∂ Hõ~°∂OQÍ, á¶êOã‘ q∞ÖË =∞ˆ~≠
Ü«∂ Ç¨ÏŸ [#‡ Mˇ·^£ "Õ∞s. ÉË_ç |*Ï |*Ï Hõ~ü `Õ~å Éèí[<£ Hõ~°∂OQÍ).
<å =∂`«$Éèí∂q∞ HõÅHÍÅO ã¨fi„`«O`«OQÍ LO_®e. <å ^Õ=ÚOk
<Õ#∞ LO_˘K«∞Û, LO_»Hõ áÈ=K«∞Û.
(=`«<£ Ç¨Ï"Õ∞âßñ ~°¿ÇÏñ ã¨^• MÏÜ«∞O B~ü P*Ï^£ –
Ç¨Ï=∂~å HÍº ÃÇ·Ï JQÆ~ü Ç¨Ï"£∞ ~°¿ÇÏ ~°¿ÇÏ <å ~°¿ÇÏ)
ã¨Ç≤ÏOK«ÖËHõ "åi P<åºÜ«∂Å∂, P`åºKå~åÅ∞ K«∂ã≤ qã≤y áÈ~Ú–
"Õ∞=Ú Ãã·`«O ÃÑ¶·*ÏÉÏ^£ *ˇ·Å∞ #∞O_ç "≥o§áÈ`«∞<åfl=Ú.
(`«OQ∑ PHõ~ü Ç¨Ï"£∞ cè L<£ˆH AÖò‡ ¿ã ÉË*Ï~ü ¿ã –
K«Öò kÜÕ∞ ã¨∂U P^ŒO lO^• ÃÑ¶·*ÏÉÏ^£ ¿ã.)
Ñ≤iH˜ "åà‹§Ñ¨C_»∂ Kå=Ù‰õΩ ÉèíÜ«∞Ñ¨_»∞`«∂, ~ÀA‰õΩ =O^Œ™ê~°∞¡
=∞~°}˜ã¨∞ÎO>Ë K«∂âß. g~°∞Öˇ#fl_»∂ Kå=Ù‰õΩ ÉèíÜ«∞Ñ¨_»QÍ K«∂_»ÖË^Œ∞.
ÃÑ·QÍ =∞$`«∞º "ÕkHõ q∂^Œ Ãã·`«O #=Ùfi`«∂ P_»∞`«∂O>Ë K«∂âß.
(|∞*òkÖ’OHÀ ã¨^• =∞ø`ü¿ã _»~ü`å ^ÕHÍ,
QÀH© ™œ ÉÏ~ü L<Õ›ñ =∞~ü`å ^ÕMÏ, g~ü HÀ =∞ø`ü ¿ã Ç¨Ï"£∞ _»~ü`Õ
#Ç‘Ïñ ^ÕMÏ, `«HÍÎÜÕ∞ =∞ø`ü Ñ¨~ücè MËÖÏÇ≤Ï Hõ~åÎ ^ÕMÏ)
ã¨=∞ã¨Î=¸ #tOz áÈÜÕ∞^Õ. ~°∂Ñ¨Ù=∂ã≤áÈÜÕ∞k <Õ#∞ XHõ¯}Ë‚ HÍ^Œ∞.
ˆH=ÅO ^Õ=Ù_Õ <åâ◊#=Ú ÖËx "å_»∞.
(Ñ¶¨<å ÃÇ·Ï ã¨ÉòˆH eÜÕ∞ Ç¨Ï"£∞ ¿ã ‰õΩKü #Ç‘Ï =∞ø‰õÄÑ¶π, |HÍÃÇ·Ï UH±
Ñ¶¨Hõ`ü *Ï<£–Z–H˜„aÜ≥∂O ˆHeÜÕ∞)
Ju `«fi~°Ö’<Õ ÉÏxã¨`«fiÑ¨Ù |O^èŒ<åÅ∞ `≥yáÈ`å~Ú. P~ÀA K«∂_»O_ç
Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂™ê÷<£ P=Ù`«∞Ok ã¨fi`«O„`«O.
49
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(|Ç¨ï`ü Ç≤Ï [bÌÇ‘Ï @∂>ËOˆQ QÆ∞ÖÏq∞ H© ÜÕ∞ [Orˆ~O–
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=∂`«$Éèí∂q∞ HÀãÖ =∞~°}ÕKÕ "åà◊§#∞ QÆ∞~°∞Î KÕ¿ã ^˘Hõ¯>Ë.
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"Õ∞"≥∞Ñ¨C_»∞ ^•xx P@#∞‰õΩ<åflO =∞i Kå"≥Hõ¯_®.
(=∞ø`ü UH± ~À*ò Ph ÃÇ·Ï`À _»~ü<å HÍºÃÇ·Ï–
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ÖÏÉèíO? JO^Œ∞Ö’ |∞Öò|∞Öò LO_»@O, ÖËz áÈ=@O `À@=∂e Wëêì
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_»"≥·, |OnMÏ<åÖ’ x"åã¨=ÚO_»=∞x, ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞.
D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ ^Õâ◊ÉèíH˜Î „Ñ¨Ñ¨Ói`«"≥∞ÿ# Hõq`«Å#∞ KåÖÏ ~åâß~°∞.
PÜ«∞# Hõq`«Å∞ Ç¨ÏO^ŒO J#∞ L~°∂Ì Ñ¨„uHõÖ’ „Ñ¨K«∞i`«=∞Ü«∂º~Ú. PÜ«∞# Ñ≤Å¡Å
HÀãÖ Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõO ‰õÄ_® ~åÜ«∂Å#∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. HÍx P HÀiHõ <≥~°"Õ~° ÖË^Œ∞. PÜ«∞# D
Hõq`«Å#∞ „Ñ¨^•è #OQÍ J*Ï˝Ò« Ö’ L#flÑ¨C_»∞, P `«~∞° "å`« *ˇÅ· ∞Ö’ L#flÑ¨C_»∞ ~åâß~°∞.
HÍHÀi Ô~·Å∞ ãÖÑ¶¨∞@# ˆHã¨∞Ö’ LitHõΔ Ñ¨_ç, P tHõΔ J=∞Å∞ JÜÕ∞ºO`« =~°‰õΩ
ÃÑ*·¶ ÏÉÏ^Œ∞ *ˇÅ· ∞Ö’ L#flÑ¨C_»∞ ‰õÄ_® PÜ«∞# ~åã≤# Hõq`«ÅÖ’ =∂`«$Éè∂í q∞x „a\©+~¨ ¡°
ÉÏxã¨`«fiO #∞O_ç q=ÚHõÎO KÕÜ«∂Å#fl |Å"≥∞ÿ# PHÍOHõΔ =ºHõÎ=∞ø`«∞Ok. LitHõΔ
Ñ¨_<ç å, Ü«∂=r˚q`« Mˇ^· ∞Œ „áêÑ≤OÎ z<å =∂`«$^Õâ=◊ ∂ h <å=∞ã¨‡~°} J#∞x`«ºO KÕã∂¨ <Î Õ
LO\Ï#x JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ *ˇ·Å∞ QÀ_»Å =∞^èŒº #∞O_ç „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕK«@O qâı+Ö.
50
~°ëêº "≥àÏ§Å#fl „Ñ¨Ü«∞`«flO
J*Ï˝`"« åãÖ QÆ_∞» Ñ¨Ù`«∞#fl JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡‰Ωõ _®Åì<Q£ OÆ *ò
KåÖÏ ã¨∞~°H`Δ˜ O« QÍ, ™œHõ~º° =O`«OQÍ LOk. PÜ«∞# PHõ¯_»
HõqQÍ ‰õÄ_® QÆ∞iÎOÑ¨Ù á⁄O^•~°∞. =∞Oz =~°¯~üQÍ ‰õÄ_®
Ü«∞[=∂x P^Œ~°}‰õΩ áê„`«∞ÅÜ«∂º~°∞. PÜ«∞##∞ Z=fi~°∂
QÆ∞~°∞ÎÑ¨@ìÖËx Ñïã≤÷u. áÈbã¨∞Å ÉèíÜ«∞O U=∂„`«O ÖË^Œ∞.
=∞Oz Ü«∞[=∂x, =∞Oz „Ñ¨[Å∞. =∞Oz ™êÇ≤Ïf "å`å
=~°}O. P „áêO`«O Jxfl q^è•Å J#∞‰õÄÅOQÍ L<åfl
PÜ«∞#Ö’x qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞xH˜ W"Õg∞ #K«ÛÖË^Œ∞. ™œHõ~°º=O`« "≥∞ÿ# q„âßOu qã¨∞QÆ∞
JxÊOK«™êyOk. Zxq∞k =∂™êÅ∞ QÆ_çÑ≤# PÜ«∞# WOHÍ JHõ¯_» LO_»ÖËHõ
_®Å¤<£QÆO*ò =^Œe"ÕÜ«∂Åx x~°‚~ÚOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
JëêÊùMò J*Ï˝`«OÖ’ L#flÑ¨C_»∞ PÜ«∞#‰õΩ ÑÖ*ÏÉò „áêO`åxH˜ K≥Ok# „Ñ¨ã≤^Œú
qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞_»∞ „j ÖÏÖÏ ˆH^•~°<å^è£`À ÑïK«Ü«∞O J~ÚºOk. PÜ«∞# XHõ™êi
=∂\Ï¡_»∞`«∂, qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å∞ Hõ#∞Hõ „a\©+¨μ áÈbã¨∞Å Hõ#∞flQÆÑ≤Ê ãïÇ¨Ï^Œ∞ÌÅ∞ ^•\˜
`«Ñ≤ÊOK«∞HÀ"åÅO>ËË, `å#∞ "åiH˜ ã¨Ç¨ÏÜ«∞Ñ¨_»QÆÅ#x K≥Ñ≤Ê L<åfl~°∞. JëêÊùMò cÇ¨Ï~ü
=^Œe |Ü«∞@‰õΩ =zÛ, ~°ëêº "≥àÏ¡Å#fl PÖ’K«# ~åQÍ<Õ PÜ«∞#‰õΩ „j ˆH^•~°<å^è£
QÆ∞~°∞Î‰õΩ =KåÛ~°∞. P PÖ’K«#Å‰õΩ HÍ~°º~°∂ÑÖ HõeÊOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ JëêÊùMò HÍ#∂Ê~°∞
=KåÛ~°∞. HÍ#∂Ê~°∞Ö’ „j QÆ}Ë+π â◊OHõ~ü q^•ºi÷x Hõe™ê~°∞. q^ÕâßÅ‰õΩ "≥àÏ§Å#fl
PÖ’K«##∞ PÜ«∞#‰õΩ `≥eáê~°∞. N q^•ºi÷ =¸_»∞ =O^ŒÅ ~°∂áêÜ«∞Å#∞ JëêÊùMò‰õΩ
WKåÛ~°∞.
JHÀì|~°∞ qÑ¨¡=O ^•fi~å ~°ëêº „Ñ¨[Å∞ ™êkèOz# q[Ü«∂Å#∞ ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ
K«∂_®Åx JëêÊùMò PHÍOH˜ΔOKå~°∞. P HõÅÅ#∞ ÑÖ_çOK«∞‰õΩ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ~°ëêº "≥à◊§ ã≤^ŒÌ
=∞Ü«∂º~°∞. ~°ëêº „Ñ¨Ü∂« }O „Ñ¨Ü∞« `åflÅ∞ „áê~°OaèOKå~°∞. P U~åÊ@∞¡ KÕã∞¨ HÀ=_®xH˜
JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ _èbç ¡ "≥àÏ§~°∞. _èbç ¡ KÕ~∞° ‰õΩ#fl PÜ«∞#‰õΩ Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ì <åÜ«∞‰õΩ_»∞ N Ü«∞ãπ.q.
Ñ¶¨∂>Ë`À ÑïK«Ü«∞=∞~ÚºO^Œx, „Ñ¨=ÚY ~°K«~Ú`« âßOu"≥∂Üü∞ ~åÜü∞ `«# Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõO
„Ñ¶_‘ "» ∞£ =¸"£"∞≥ O\ò JO_£ WO_çÜ∞« <£ =Úã≤"¡ ∞£ ûÖ’ ~å™ê~°∞. NÑ¶∂¨ >Ë #∞Oz =∂i¯û[O,
~°ëêº „Ñ¨[Å q[Ü«∂Å QÆ∞iOz =∞ixfl q=~åÅ#∞ JëêÊùMò `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
51
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
q∞„`«„^ÀÇ¨ÏO =Å# JÔ~ã¨∞ì
JëêÊùMò ~°ëêº "≥à◊¡_®xH˜ _èçb¡Ö’ LO@∂ `«y# „Ñ¨Ü«∞`åflÅ∞ KÕã¨∞‰õΩO@∞O_»QÍ,
XHõ ~ÀA# ã¨fi„QÍ=∂xH˜ K≥Ok# PÜ«∞# z#fl<å\˜ q∞„`«∞_»∞ ã¨Ü«∞º^£ Ç¨ÏcÉò
JÇ¨Ï‡^£ HõxÊOKå_»∞. q∞„`«∞e~°∞=Ù~°∞ KåÖÏ HÍÅO `«~°∞"å`« HõÅ∞ã¨∞ H˘#flO^Œ∞‰õΩ
ãÖ`À+≤OKå~°∞. ã¨fi„QÍ=∞OÖ’x |O^èŒ∞q∞„`«∞Å ˆHΔ=∞ã¨=∂Kå~åÅ QÆ∞iOz W~°∞=Ù~°∞
q∞„`«∞Å∞ =∂\Ï¡_»∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ ã¨Ü«∞º^£ Ç¨ÏcÉò `«# q∞„`«∞_ç ~°ëêº
„Ñ¨Ü«∞`åflÅ QÆ∞iOz `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl_»∞.
JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ _èçb¡Ö’ L#fl q+¨Ü«∞O, PÜ«∞##∞ `å#∞ HõÅã≤# "≥·#O
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ Ç¨ÏcÉò JÇ¨Ï‡^£ ã¨fi„QÍ=∞OÖ’x `«# `«O„_ç ã¨Ü«∞º^£ =Ú™êÎMò PÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£‰õΩ
`≥eáê_»∞.P `«O„_ç H˘_»∞‰õΩÅ‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz Ñ¨Å∞ „H˜q∞#Öò Hˆ ã¨∞Å∞ L<åfl~Ú. ~“_ô+@‘ ∞
‰õÄ_® áÈbã¨∞Å∞ `≥~°z L<åfl~°∞. J@∞ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO W@∞ áÈbã¨∞Å #∞O_ç P `«O„_ô
H˘_»∞‰õΩÅ∞ Ñ¨Å∞ W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ Z^Œ∞~˘¯O@∞<åfl~°∞.
P HÍ~°}OQÍ P W|ƒO^Œ∞Å ~°≠O*Ï\Ï#O #∞O_ç q=ÚHõÎO HÍ=@"Õ∞
HÍ‰õΩO_®, „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO „Ñ¨H\õ O˜ z# #[~å<å á⁄O^Œ@O`Àáê@∞ „Ñ¨É∞íè `åfikèHÍ~°∞Å =∞##fl
á⁄O^ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ JëêÊùMò =∞Oz LÑ¨Ü«ÚHõÎ ™ê^èŒ#OQÍ ã¨Ü«∞º^£ =Ú™êÎMò JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£‰õΩ
`ÀzOk. JëêÊùMò#∞ Ñ¨\ ˜ì¿ãÎ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi #[~å<å á⁄O^Œ=K«Ûx, JkèHÍ~°∞Å J#∞„QÆÇ¨ÏO
ãÖáêkOz `«=∞ q∂^Œ L#fl ˆHã¨∞Å#∞ LÑ¨ãÖÇ¨ÏiOÑ¨ KÕã¨∞HÀ=K«Û#fl Pâ◊ Ñ¨Ù\˜ìOk.
P q+¨Ü«∂xfl ‰õΩ=∂~°∞_»∞ ã¨Ü«∞º^£ Ç¨ÏcÉò JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£‰õΩ PÜ«∞# `≥eáê_»∞. JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡
q∂^Œ Hõ<flÕ ã≤ LOK«=∞x, Z@∞=O\˜ J#∞=∂#O ~å‰õΩO_® =º=Ç¨ÏiOK«=∞x ‰õΩ=∂~°∞_çH˜
ã¨ÅÇ¨ WKåÛ_»∞. JëêÊùMò ZHõ¯_» LO@∞<åfl_À `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩx P q=~åÅ#∞ ã¨=∞Ü«∞O
K«∂ã≤ áÈbã¨∞Å‰õΩ KÕ~°"ÕÜ«∂eûOkQÍ PÜ«∞# ã¨∂zOKå_»∞.
D "Õ∞~°‰Ωõ `«O„_ç H˘_»∞‰õΩÅ∞ K«iÛOK«∞‰õΩx JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡#∞ áÈbã¨∞Å‰õΩ Ñ¨\"ì˜ åfiÅx
x~°‚~ÚOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. P „Ñ¨HÍ~°OQÍ Já¶êÊùMò LO@∞#fl QÆk ~°Ç¨Ï™êºxfl `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ#fl
ã¨Ü∞« º^£ Ç¨ÏcÉò JÇ¨Ï‡^£ P ã¨=∂Kå~åxfl áÈbã¨∞Å‰õΩ `≥eáê_»∞. P q+¨Ü∞« O `≥eÜ«∞x
JëêÊMò P #=∞‡Hõ „^ÀÇ≤Ï q∞„`«∞x`À HõÅã≤ Éè’[#O KÕã≤ `«# QÆkH˜ "≥àÏ§~°∞. PÜ«∞#
ZÑ¨Ê\˜ÖÏˆQ `«# QÆkH˜ KÕ~°∞‰õΩ#fl =∞~°∞HõΔ}"Õ∞, á⁄Oz L#fl áÈbã¨∞ |ÅQÍÅ∞ ÉèÏs
ãÖYºÖ’ =zÛ P „Ñ¨^Õâßxfl K«∞@∞ì =Ú\Ïì~Ú. q∞„`«∞_ç #=∞‡Hõ „^ÀÇ¨ÏO QÆ∞iOz
`≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩx JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ J„Ñ¨=∞`«Î=∞ÜÕ∞ºÖ’QÍ, PÜ«∞##∞ áÈbã¨∞Å∞ JÔ~ã¨∞ì KÕâß~°∞.
52
D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ XHõ ãÖ=`«û~°O áê@∞ „a\©+π áÈbã¨∞Å, QÆ∂_è»Kå~°∞Å Hõà◊√§QÆÑ≤Ê
`«Ñ≤ÊOK«∞‰õΩ u~°∞QÆ∞`«∂, „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixH˜ ã¨"åÅ∞QÍ =∂i# JëêÊùMò JÔ~ã¨∞ì HÍ=_»O`À
HÍHÀi Ô~·Å∞ ãÖÑ¶¨∞@#Ö’ áêÖÁæ#fl Ü≥∂^èŒ∞ÅÖ’ XHõ¯ K«O„^ŒâıY~ü J*Ï^£ `«Ñ¨Ê â◊pO„^Œ
|H©Δ`À ã¨Ç¨ JO^Œi JÔ~ã¨∞ìÅ∞ Ñ¨Ó~°ÎÜ«∂º~Ú.
HÍHÀs Ô~·Å∞ ãÖÑ¶¨∞@# Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å‰õΩ tHõΔÅ∞

K«i„`å`«‡Hõ HÍHÀs Ô~·Å∞ ^ÀÑ≤_ç ãÖÑ¶¨∞@#Ö’ áêÖÁæ#fl qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å g∞^Œ
ÅHÀflÖ’x iOQ∑ käÜÕ∞@~üÖ’ qKå~°} „áê~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿOk. D ˆHã¨∞#∞ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO XHõ
ã¨"åÅ∞QÍ ã‘fiHõiOzOk. qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å#∞ ZÖÏO\˜ Ñïã≤÷`«∞Ö’¡ ‰õÄ_® =^Œe
ÃÑ@ì^ŒÅK«∞HÀÖË^Œ∞. „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO ã¨∞„Ñ¨ã≤^Œú <åºÜ«∞"å^Œ∞Å#∞ xÜ«∞q∞OK«∞‰õΩOk.
D qKå~°} „áê~°OÉèí=∞ÜÕ∞º<å\˜H˜ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£, â◊pO„^Œ<å^ä£ |H©Δ,
K«O„^ŒâıY~° P*Ï^£Å∞ JÔ~ã¨∞ì HÍÖË^Œ∞. PHÍ~°}OQÍ D =ÚQÆ∞æifl `«Ñ≤ÊOz q∞ye#
PO^Œi q∂^Œ ˆHã¨∞Å∞ #"≥∂^Œ∞ KÕã≤ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO qKå~°}‰õΩ Ñ¨Ó#∞‰õΩOk. „Ñ¨^è•# ˆHã¨∞
qKå~°} P~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿOk. JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡, â◊pO„^Œ<å^è£, J*Ï^£ Å q∂^Œ ˆHã¨∞#∞ "Õ~°∞ KÕã≤
J#∞|O^èŒ ˆHã¨∞#∞ `«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕã≤Ok. P ˆHã¨∞#∞ "Õ~°∞QÍ qKåiOzOk.
<åºÜ«∞™ê÷#OÖ’ „Ñ¨^•è # Hˆ ã¨∞ qKå~°} XHõ\ #˜ fl~° ãÖ=`«û~°O ™êyOk. =¸_»∞
=O^ŒÅ=∞Ok ™ê‰õΔΩÅ#∞ qKåiOKå~°∞. „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO Ñ¨kÅHõΔÅ ~°∂áêÜ«∞Å#∞ =ºÜ«∞O
KÕã≤Ok. z=~°‰õΩ 1927 U„Ñ≤Öò 6= `Õn# <åºÜ«∞=¸iÎ Ç¨ºq∞Öò@<£ f~°∞Ê K≥áêÊ~°∞.
P f~°∞Ê „Ñ¨HÍ~°O ~åO„Ñ¨™ê^£ aã≤‡Öò, ~å*ËO„^Œ ÅÇ¨Ïi, ~îå‰õÄ~ü ~À+¨<£ã≤OQ∑Å‰õΩ
LitHõ,Δ q∞ye# "åiH˜ qq^èŒ ~°HÍÅ tHõÅΔ ∞ Ñ¨_®¤~Ú. D tHõÅΔ ∞ qkèOz# <åºÜ«∞=¸iÎ
f~°∞Ê áê~îO° HÀ~°∞Öì ’ qxÊOz# `«~∞° "å`«, qÑ¨=¡ HÍ~°∞Å∞ U ^≥<· å K«~º° ‰õΩ áêÅÊ_»=K«Ûx
ÉèíÜ«∞Ñ¨_ç WOQÍ¡O_£ "≥o§áÈÜ«∂_»∞. D ˆHã¨∞ „Ñ¨[Å#∞ L`ÕÎl`«∞efl KÕã≤Ok. JÑ¨Ê\˜
=~°‰õΩ ^Õâ◊ ~å[H©Ü«∂ÅÖ’ P=iOz L#fl ã¨Î|Ì`«#∞ ^Œ∂~°O KÕã≤Ok. HÍHÀi g~°∞Å
ã¨∂ÊùiÎ`À Ñ¨~å~Ú áêÅ‰õΩÅ q∂^Œ „Ñ¨[Å x~°ã¨# "≥Å∞¡"≥uÎOk.
„Ñ¨Ö’ÉèÏÅ‰õΩ ÖÁOQÆx nè~°∞_»∞

JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£#∞ JÔ~ã¨∞ì KÕâßHõ, ã¨ÇÏ¨ K«~∞° Å QÆ∞iOz, qÑ¨"¡ À^Œº=∞O QÆ∞iOz,
~°Ç¨Ï™êºÅ#∞ K≥Ñ¨Ê=∞O@∂ áÈbã¨∞Å∞ z„`«Ç≤ÏOã¨Å∞ „áê~°OaèOKå~°∞. HÍHÀi Ô~·Å∞
53
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
^ÀÑ≤_ç ãÖÑ¶¨∞@#Ö’ Já¶êÊùMò`Àáê@∞QÍ áêÖÁæ#fl N |<åfiiÖÏÖò „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi Ç≤ÏOã¨‰õΩ,
„Ñ¨Ö’ÉèÏÅ‰õΩ ÖÁOyáÈÜ«∂_»∞. qÑ¨¡=^Œà◊O q=~åÅ#∞ |Ü«∞@ÃÑ\˜ì PÜ«∞# J„Ñ¨Ó=~ü
QÍ =∂iáÈÜ«∂_»∞. N |<åfiiÖÏÖò ÖÏˆQ JëêÊùMò ‰õÄ_® ÖÁOyáÈ`å_»x „Éèíq∞Oz#
áÈbã¨∞ JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ ZxflZ`«∞ÎÅ∞ "Õã≤<å, PÜ«∞# #∞O_ç Z@∞=O\˜ ã¨=∂Kå~åxfl
~å|@ìÖËHõáÈÜ«∂~°∞.
P =∂~°Oæ ^•fi~å Ñ¶e¨ `åÅ∞ ~å|@ìÖHË áõ È~Ú# áÈbã¨∞Å∞ `«=∞ ÉÏ@ =∂~åÛ~°∞.
JëêÊùMò‰õΩ Pâ◊ÃÑ\˜ì, „Ñ¨Ö’ÉèÏÅ`À =∞ÉèíºÃÑ\˜ì J„Ñ¨Ó=~üQÍ =∂~°∞Û‰õΩx, qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∂xfl
^Œ∞OÑ¨<åâ◊#O KÕÜ«∂Åx Ñ¨<åflQÆO Ñ¨<åfl~°∞. P „Ñ¨Ü«∞`åflÅÖ’ ÉèÏQÆOQÍ, JëêÊùMò
|O^èŒ∞=ÙÅ∞, q∞„`«∞Å#∞ ~°Ñ≤ÊOz, "åiH˜ #K«Û K≥Ñ≤Ê, ÉèíÜ«∞ÃÑ\˜ì PÜ«∞# g∞^Œ
„Ñ¨Ü≥∂yOKå~°∞. JëêÊùMò Hõ#∞Hõ áÈbã¨∞Å‰õΩ qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞ q=~åÅ∞ K≥a`Õ KåÅ<åfl~°∞.
„Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO`À ã¨Ç¨ÏHõi¿ãÎ LitHõΔ `«Ñ≤ÊáÈ=@"Õ∞HÍHõ, ã¨∞Y=O`«"≥∞ÿ# rq`åxH˜ U~åÊ@∞¡
KÕ~Ú™êÎ=∞<åfl~°∞. LitHõΔÅ‰õΩ ÉèíÜ«∞Ñ¨_ç, qÑ¨¡= q„^ÀÇ¨xH˜ áêÅÊ_»=∞x Ç≤Ï`«=Ù
Ñ¨Å∞‰õΩ`«∂, „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO–áÈbã¨∞Å „Ñüáê^Œ#Å`À `«# =^ŒÌ‰õΩ =zÛ# =∞^èŒº=~°∞ÎÅ#∞,
|O^èŒ∞ q∞„`«∞Å#∞ JëêÊùMò p^ŒiOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
JÑ¨Ê\˜H© áÈbã¨∞Å∞ `«=∞ „Ñ¨Ü«∞`åflÅ#∞ =∂#∞HÀÖË^Œ∞. _çÑ¨Óº\© áÈbã¨∞
ã¨∂ÑïO_≥O\ò `«ã¨ûkÌMò Ç¨ï¿ãû<£ #∞ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO „Ñ¨Ü≥∂yOzOk. PÜ«∞# ^•fi~å
JëêÊùMò#∞ ÖÁOQÆnÜ«∂Åx ÉèÏqOzOk. PÜ«∞# JëêÊMò‰Ωõ #K«ÛK≥|∞`«∂, ~åO„Ñ¨™ê^£
aã≤‡Öò XHõ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞=Ù. P~°ºã¨=∂r‰õΩ_»∞. ^Õâ◊OÖ’ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ ~å[ºO <≥ÅH˘ÅÊ_»O
"åà◊§ ^èÕºÜ«∞O. Jk =Úã≤¡OÅ „Ñ¨Ü≥∂[<åÅ‰õΩ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ q~°∞^ŒÌ"≥∞ÿ#k. XHõ =Úã≤¡OQÍ
h=Ù "åi =∞`«`«`åfixfl x~°ã≤Oz, „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO`À ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiOK«∞, HÍÑ¶≤~°¡`À ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiOK«_»O
=∞# =∞`« ãÖ„Ñ¨^•Ü«∂Å‰õΩ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ q~°∞^ŒÌO HÍ|\˜ì XÑ¨C^ŒÅ "åOQÆ∂‡ÅO WzÛ h
„áê}ÏÅ#∞, JÖÏˆQ h =∞`«O „Ñ¨Ü≥∂[<åÅ#∞ HÍáê_»∞HÀ, (aã≤‡Öò P`«‡Hõ^äŒ : ¿Ñl
151) JO@∂ JëêÊùMò#∞ =∂~°æO =∞o§OKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ â◊`« q^è•Å „Ñ¨Ü«∞uflOKå_»∞.
JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡#∞ ÖÁOQÆnã¨∞‰õΩ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ P áÈbã¨∞ JkèHÍi =∞`« =∞<ÀÉèÏ"åÅ
Pã¨~å fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl_»∞. `å#∞ =Úã≤¡O Hõ#∞Hõ JëêÊùMò "Õ∞Å∞ HÀ~°∞‰õΩO@∞#flO^Œ∞# `«#
=∂@ `«Ñ¨ÊHõ q#=∞<åfl_»∞. „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixfl XÑ≤ÊOz "Õ∞Å∞ KÕ™êÎ#x Ç¨g∞Å =~°¬O
‰õΩiÑ≤OKå_»∞. áÈbã¨∞ JkèHÍi Ç≤Ï`«=Ù#∞ z~°∞#=Ùfi`À JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ q<åfl~°∞. P
Ç≤Ï`«=K«<åÅ∞ ™êQÆ∞`«∞#fl ãÖ^Œ~ƒ° Où QÍ, Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ ~å[º™ê÷Ñ#¨ JO@∂ `«ãÊ¨ kÌMò Ç¨ï¿ãû<£
"å_ç# =∂@Å‰õΩ ã¨=∂^è•#OQÍ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ =∂_®¡_»∞`«∂, g∞~°∞ <å ˆHΔ=∞O HÀi
54
Ç≤Ï`«=Ù ÑëH˜#O^Œ∞‰õΩ ^èŒ#º"å^•Å∞. J~Ú`Õ qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å∞ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ ~å[ºO HÀãÖ
„Ñ¨Ü«∞uflOz<å WÑ¨Ê\˜ POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ x~°O‰õΩâ◊`«fiO HõO>Ë, Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ ~å[º"Õ∞ =Úã≤¡O
„Ñ¨Ü≥∂[<åÅ‰õΩ "Õ∞Åx <Õ#∞ ÉèÏqã¨∞Î<åfl#∞. J~Ú`Õ Ü«∂=^•ƒù~°`« „Ñ¨[Å ¿ãfiKåÛù
™êfi`«O„`åºÅ HÀãÖ áÈ~å@"Õ∞ qÑ¨=¡ HÍ~°∞Å ^èºÕ Ü«∞=∞x <å‰õΩ `≥Å∞ã¨∞, (aã≤‡Öò P`«‡Hõ^:Œä
¿Ñl 151) Jx Y~åYO_çQÍ K≥áêÊ~°∞. P ã¨=∂^è•#OÖ’ WHõ KÕ¿ãk ÖËHõ P PkèHÍi
`«Ñ¨C‰õΩ<åfl_»∞.
JO`«\ `˜ À „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO, áÈbã¨∞ L#fl`åkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ q∞#fl‰õΩO_ç áÈÖË^∞Œ . P áÈbã¨∞
JkèHÍi ^•fi~å =∂„`«"Õ∞ HÍ‰õΩO_® "Õ∞l„¿ãì\ò J~Ú#∞nÌ<£ ^•fi~å ‰õÄ_® JëêÊùMòÖ’
=∞`« `«`fi« q+¨c*ÏÅ#∞ <å\˜ PÜ«∞##∞ `«=∞ ^•iH˜ `≥K∞« ÛHÀ"åÅx #∂`«# „Ñ¨Ü∞« `åflÅ∞
P~°OaèOKå~°∞. P Ñ¨^äŒHõO "Õ∞~°‰õΩ F ~ÀA# "Õ∞l„¿ãì\ò J~Ú#∞nÌ<£ #Hõ¯ q#Ü«∂Å`À,
Ju #„=∞`« „Ñ¨^Œi≈ã¨∂Î JëêÊùMò K≥O`« KÕ~å_»∞. PÜ«∞#, PÜ«∞# ‰õΩ@∞O|O =∞Oz
K≥_»∞Å#∞ qKåiOKå_»∞. HÍHÀi Ô~·Å∞ ãÖÑ¶¨∞@# „Ñ¨^è•# ˆHã¨∞Ö’ PÜ«∞# ã¨Ç¨ÏK«~°∞Å‰õΩ
Ñ¨_ç# LitHõΔÅ∞, Ü«∂=r˚q`« HÍ~åQÍ~°"åã¨ tHõΔÅ∞ `«k`«~° Hõiî# tHõΔÅ#∞ QÆ∞~°∞Î‰õΩ
`≥KåÛ_»∞. JëêÊùMò#∞ |Ü«∞ÃÑ\Ïì_»∞. P Ñ¨Ñ¨CÖËq∞ L_»HõHõáÈ=@O`À, z=i J„ã¨ÎOQÍ
=∞`åxfl ~°OQÆOÖ’H˜ `≥KåÛ_»∞.
D ãÖ^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ PÜ«∞# ZO`À `≥eqQÍ =∂\Ï¡_»∞`«∂, W^ŒO`å Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞=ÙÅ
‰õΩ„@. ~åO „Ñ¨™ê^£ aã≤‡Öò Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ ~å[ºO HÀãÖ áÈ~å_»∞`«∞<åfl_»∞. q∂~°∞ =Úã≤¡O
J~ÚLO_ç ZÖÏ "≥∂ã¨áÈÜ«∂~°∞? JO@∂ JëêÊùMò q∂^Œ „Ñ¨â◊flÅ#∞ ãÖkèOKå_»∞. P
„Ñ¨â◊fl, P „Ñ¨â◊flÖ’x qÉèílOz–áêeOK«∞ ‰õΩ`«O„`«O, P „Ñ¨â◊flÖ’ ^•yL#fl =∞~å‡xfl
„QÆÇ≤ÏOz# JëêÊùMò P PkèHÍiH˜ ã¨=∂^è•#q∞ã¨∂Î, ~åO„Ñ¨™ê^£ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ ~å[ºO HÀãÖ
áÈ~å_»∞`«∞<åfl_»#fl q+¨Ü«∞O J|^ŒÌO. XHõ "Õà◊ Jk x["≥∞ÿ`Õ, „a\©+π ~å[ºO HõO>Ë
Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂~å[ºO "Õ∞Å∞ Hõ^•, Jx J<åfl~°∞. (Shaheed Asfaqulla Khan Aur Unka
Yug, by Sudhir Vidyardhi, Page.52)
JëêÊùH± JO`«\ ˜`À PQÆÖË^Œ∞. D ˆHã¨∞Ö’, <Õ<˘Hõ¯_ç<Õ =Úã≤¡O HÍ=@O`À <å
ÉÏ^èºŒ `« =∞iO`« ÃÑiyOk. <Õ#∞ U^≥<· å á⁄~°áê@∞ KÕâß<å? Pk „Ñ¨^•è #OQÍ =Úã≤O¡ Å
q∂^Œ =∂ Ñ¨~îå<£ *Ïu [#∞Å q∂^Œ =∂Ü«∞x =∞K«ÛQÍ q∞ye áÈ`«∞Ok. Hõ#∞Hõ
##∞fl Q“~°= „Ñ¨^ŒOQÍ =∞~°}ÕK«x=fiO_ç Jx ‰õÄ_® P JkèHÍi`À J<åfl~°∞.
(Shaheed Asfaqulla Khan Aur Unka Yug, by Sudhir Vidyardhi, Page.53)
P ã¨=∂^è•<åÅ`À a`«Î~°áÈ~Ú# JkèHÍi =∞~À=∂@ ÖË‰õΩO_® `ÀHõ=Ú_çKå_»∞.
55
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
J~Ú<å áÈbã¨∞ JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ `«=∞ #Hõ¯l`«∞ÎÅ#∞ =∂#ÖË^Œ∞. JëêÊùMò #∞
ÖÁOQÆnã¨∞‰õΩ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ PÜ«∞# <åºÜ«∞"åk N Hõ$áêâ◊OHõ~° Ç¨Ï*ËÖÏ #∞ ‰õÄ_®
„Ñ¨Ü≥∂yOKå~°∞. PÜ«∞# ^•fi~å ‰õÄ_» JëêÊùMò‰õΩ K≥Ñ≤ÊOz K«∂âß~°∞. „Ñ¨^è•# ˆHã¨∞Ö’x
qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å‰õΩ ÉèíÜ«∞OHõ~° tHõΔÅ∞ Ñ¨_®¤~Ú Hõ#∞Hõ, P tHõΔÅ#∞ L^•Ç¨Ïiã¨∂Î, JëêÊùMò‰õΩ
‰õÄ_® LitHõΔ Ñ¨_˘K«∞Û Hõ#∞Hõ, áÈbã¨∞Å‰õΩ ã¨Ç¨ÏHõi¿ãÎ, Li tHõΔ #∞O_ç PÜ«∞##∞
~°H˜ΔOK«=K«Ûx MÏ<£ |Ç¨Ï^Œ∂Ì~ü `«ã¨ûkÌMò Ç¨ï¿ãû<£, JëêÊùMò <åºÜ«∞"åk N Hõ$áêâ◊OHõ~ü
Ç¨Ï*ËÖÏ‰õΩ ã¨ÅÇ¨Ï WKåÛ_»∞. P ã¨ÅÇ¨ <åºÜ«∞"åkH˜ #zÛOk. JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ <åºÜ«∞"åkQÍ
PÜ«∞##∞ ~°H˜ΔOK«@O `«# ÉÏ^èŒº`«QÍ ÉèÏqOz# N Hõ$áêâ◊OHõ~° Ç¨Ï*ËÖÏ `«# =O`«∞
„Ñ¨Ü«∞`«flO KÕâß~°∞.
„Ñ¨^è•# ˆHã¨∞Ö’x f~°∞ÊÖ’ JëêÊùMò QÆ∞iOz <åºÜ«∞=¸iÎ KÕã≤# „Ñ¨™êÎ=#Å#∞
|\˜ì, JëêÊùMò‰õΩ LitHõΔ `«Ñ¨Ê^Œx ÉèÏqOz ÉèíÜ«∞Ñ¨_ç# <åºÜ«∞"åk N Hõ$áêâ◊OHõ~ü,
JëêÊùMò#∞ HõhãÖ LitHõΔ #∞Oz `«ÑÊ≤ OK«=K«Û#fl Jaè„áêÜ«∞O`À áÈbã¨∞Å „Ñüáê^Œ##∞
JëêÊùMò =ÚO^Œ∞OKå~°∞. <åºÜ«∞"åk =∂@Å#∞ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ q<åflHõ, JëêÊùMò #=Ùfi`«∂,
Ç¨Ï*ËÖÏ ™êÉò, ##∞fl Li tHõΔ #∞O_ç `«Ñ≤ÊOK«QÆÅ<å? J#∞ ÉèíÜ«∞O`À g∞ ÖÏO\˜
=ºH˜Î ‰õÄ_® Ñ¨âßÛ`åÎÑÖ „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕK«=∞x <å‰õΩ ã¨ÅÇ¨ W™êÎ~°x <Õ#∞ J#∞HÀÖË^Œ∞. Jk
JãÖÉèí=O. <Õ#∞ KÕã≤Ok XÑ¨CHÍx, `«Ñ¨C HÍx <å ^ÕâßxH˜ ã¨fi~å[ºO ãÖáêkOKå
Å#fl „Ñ¨QÍ_è»"≥∞ÿ# HÀiHõ`À KÕ™ê#∞. JO^Œ∞=Å# Ñ¨âßÛ`åÎÑÖ K≥O^•eû# J=ã¨~°O
Ug∞ ÖË^Œ∞. <Õ#∞ ã¨fi^ÕjÜ«ÚÅ QÆ$Ç¨ÅÖ’ ^ÀÑ≤_ç KÕ¿ã q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ aKüÑ¨Ó~ü ãÖÑ¶¨∞@#
#∞O_ç, N ~åO„Ñ¨™ê^£ aã≤‡Öò`À qÉèËkã¨∂Î<Õ L<åfl#∞. J~Ú`Õ HÍHÀi ãÖÑ¶¨∞@##∞
P Ñ¶¨∞@#Å`À *’_çOK«ÖËO. nxx "Õ∞O =∂ ÅHõΔ º ™ê^èŒ# HÀãÖ XHõ =∂~°æ=∞x
ÉèÏqã¨∞Î<åflO. ÉèÏ~°`« *ÏfÜ«∞ HÍO„ÔQãπ ZÖÏÔQ·`Õ ÅHõΔ º™ê^èŒ#‰õΩ `«# =∂~åæxfl xˆ~ÌtO
K«∞‰õΩO^À JÖÏˆQ "Õ∞=¸ ^Õâ◊ ™êfi`«O„`«ºO HÀãÖ =∂ =∂~åæxfl U~°Ê~°∞K«∞‰õΩ<åflO.
D =∂~°æO HõO@Hõ„áêÜ«∞"≥∞ÿ#Ñ¨Ê\˜H˜, D<å_»∞ ^Õâ◊O HÀãÖ „áê}ÏÅ∞ JiÊOKåeû#
Ñïã≤÷u KåÖÏ LOk. WHõ <Õ~°O JOwHõiOK«@O JO\Ï~å? <å =~°‰õΩ <Õ#∞ <Õ~°O
JOwHõiOK«_®xH˜ ã≤^Œú"Õ∞ HÍ^Œ∞, JO^Œi <Õ~åÅ#∞ <å <≥uÎ# "Õã¨∞HÀ_®xH˜ ‰õÄ_®
ã≤^ŒúO, (Shaheed Asfaqulla Khan Aur Unka Yug, by Sudhir Vidyardhi,
Page.85). Jx JëêÊùMò P<åfl~°∞.
P q^èOŒ QÍ 27 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ Ü«Ú=‰õΩ_»∞ JëêÊùMò K≥ÑÊ¨ @O`À N Hõ$áê â◊OHõ~‰ü Ωõ
^Œ∞óYO PQÆÖË^Œ∞. JëêÊùMò ^Õâ◊ÉèíH˜Îx, qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞ x|^Œú`«#∞, ã¨Ç¨ÏK«~°∞Å Ñ¨@¡ L#fl
56
Q“~°"åaè=∂<åÅ#∞ QÆ=∞xOz# P ã‘xÜ«∞~ü <åºÜ«∞"åkH˜ <À@ =∂@ ~åÖË^Œ∞.
PÜ«∞# `«# =∞#ã¨∞ûÖ’<Õ P qÑ¨=¡ HÍ~°∞_çfl Jaè#Okã¨∂,Î JHõ¯_ç #∞O_ç `«ÑC¨ ‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
D q+¨Ü«∂xfl PëêÊùMò `«# `«e¡H˜ ~åã≤# XHõ L`«Î~°OÖ’ „Ñ¨™êÎqã¨∂Î, `å#∞
J„Ñ¨Ó=~üQÍ =∂i `«# „áê}ÏÅ#∞ HÍáê_»∞‰õΩx K«i„`«Ç‘Ï#∞_çfl HÍ^ŒÅK«∞HÀÖË^Œx,
`å#∞ ~å#∞#fl `«~åÅ‰õΩ P^Œ~°≈OQÍ xÅ"åÅ#∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl#x ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ
`«eH¡ ˜ ~åã≤# ÖËYÖ’, <Õ#∞ J„Ñ¨Ó=~üQÍ =∂~°=K«∞Û... <Õ~O° ‰õÄ_® JOwHõiOK«=K«∞Û...
J~Ú`Õ `«# HÀãÖ W`«~°∞Å#∞ |efã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ =ºH˜Î Éèíq+¨º`«∞Î `«~åÅ‰õΩ ZO`«=~°‰õΩ
P^Œ~°≈O HÍQÆÅ_®? Z#fl\˜H© HÍÖË_»∞,(Shaheed Asfaqulla Khan Aur Unka Yug,
by Sudhir Vidyardhi, Page.101) J<åfl~°∞. `«# „áê}ÏÅ ~°H˜ΔOK«∞HÀ_®xH˜ `å#∞
J„Ñ¨Ó=~üQÍ =∂i W`«~°∞Å „áê}ÏÅ#∞ |eÃÑ@ì^ŒÅK«∞HÀÖË^Œx, `«# `«e¡H˜ JëêÊùMò
`≥eáê~°∞.
aã≤‡Öò HÀãÖ „áê} `åºQÍxH˜ ã≤^ŒúO
HÍHÀi Ô~·Å∞ ^ÀÑ≤_çH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz# „Ñ¨^è•# ˆHã¨∞ qKå~°} Ñ¨Ó~°Î~ÚºOk.
<åºÜ«∞™ê÷#O tHõΔÅ∞ „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕzOk. JëêÊùMò, â◊pO„^Œ |H©ΔÅ g∞^Œ #"≥∂^≥·# J#∞|O^èŒ
ˆHã¨∞ qKå~°} P~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿOk. „Ñ¨^è•# ˆHã¨∞Ö’ JëêÊùMò, |H©ΔÅ áê„`«‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz#
Jxfl q=~åÅ∞ q™êÎ~°OQÍ „Ñ¨™êÎ=#‰õΩ ~å=@O`À, J#∞|O^èŒ ˆHã¨∞ qKå~°} XHõ
`«O`«∞QÍ P~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿOk. „Ñ¨=ÚY qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞_»∞ K«O„^ŒâıY~° P*Ï^£#∞ JÔ~ã¨∞ì KÕÜ«∞ÖËHõ
áÈ=@O =Å# PÜ«∞# q∂^Œ ˆHã¨∞ ÃÑO_çOQ∑ LO_ç áÈ~ÚOk.
„Ñ¨^è•# ˆHã¨∞Ö’ ^•^•Ñ¨Ù xOk`«∞ÅO^ŒiH˜ Hõiî# tHõΔÅ#∞ qkèOz#O^Œ∞# P
f~°∞ÊÅ‰õΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ „Ñ¨[Å∞ x~°ã¨# =ºHõÎO KÕâß~°∞. ã¨ÉèíÅ∞, ã¨=∂"ÕâßÅ∞,
Tˆ~yOÑ¨ÙÅ∞ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKå~°∞. LitHõΔÅ#∞ ~°^Œ∞Ì KÕÜ«∂eûOkQÍ HÀ~°∞`«∂ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixH˜
q#`«∞Å∞ "≥àÏ§~Ú. „Ñ¨*Ï„Ñüx^èŒ∞Å∞ q[˝Ñ¨ÙÎÅ∞ KÕ™ê~°∞. q[˝Ñ¨ÙÎÅ#∞ u~°ã¨¯iOK«_»O
[iyOk. JÑ‘Êà◊§#∞ „`Àã≤ÑÙ¨ KåÛ~°∞. qÑ¨=¡ HÍ~°∞ÅO^ŒiH˜ tHõÅΔ ∞ Y~å~°Ü∂« º~Ú. JÑ‘Êà◊§
=º=Ç¨~°O JO`å „HÕk ™ê÷~ÚÖ’ Ñ¨Ó~°Î~ÚºOk. „Ñ‘gH“xûÖò‰õΩ JÑ‘ÊÅ∞ KÕã¨∞HÀ=_»O
=∂„`«"Õ∞ z=~°‰õΩ q∞yÅ∞Ok.
D q+¨Ü«∞O K«iÛOK«_®xH˜ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ <åºÜ«∞"åk, „Ñ¨=ÚY P~°ºã¨=∂[O
<åÜ«∞‰õΩ_»∞ N Hõ$áêâ◊OHõ~ü Ç¨Ï*ËÖÏ *ˇ·Å∞‰õΩ =KåÛ~°∞. PÜ«∞#‰õΩ JëêÊùMò JÑ¨Ê\˜ˆH
57
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
`«Ü«∂~°∞KÕã≤ LOz# F q#u Ñ¨„ `åxfl K«∂áê~°∞. P q#u Ñ¨„`«OÖ’ ¿Ñ~˘¯#fl
JOâßÅ#∞ K«∂ã≤ <åºÜ«∞"åk HõOQÍ~°∞Ñ¨_®¤_»∞. P q+¨Ü«∂Å#∞ „Ñ¨™êÎqã¨∂Î, JÖÏ
~å™ê"ÕO@x JëêÊùMò#∞ „Ñ¨tflOKå~°∞. D q#u Ñ¨„`åxfl ÑÖÑ≤`Õ q∂‰õΩ tHõΔ `«QÆæ@O
HÍ^Œ∞ Hõ^•, W`«~°∞Å‰õΩ qkèOz# tHõΔÅhfl ‰õÄ_® q∂‰õΩ K«∞@∞ì‰õΩO\ÏÜ«∞x <åºÜ«∞"åk
JëêÊùMò#∞ HÀÑÿOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl_»∞. <åºÜ«∞"åk ÃÇÏK«ÛiHõÅ#∞ JëêÊùMò z~°∞#=Ùfi`À
ã‘fiHõiã¨∂Î HÍ¿ãÑ¨Ù =∞ø#O =Ç≤ÏOKå~°∞.
=∞ø#OQÍ L#fl JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡#∞ PÉèíº~°÷# Ñ¨„`«O JÖÏ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ `«Ü«∂~°∞
KÕâß~°∞?, JO@∂ P `«Ü«∂iÖ’ QÆÅ L^ÕÌâ◊ºO UO@x QÆ∞zÛ QÆ∞zÛ „Ñ¨tflOKåHõ
JëêÊùMò <åºÜ«∞"åkH˜ ã¨=∂^è•#q∞ã¨∂Î, x[O Uq∞@O>Ë aã≤‡Öò HÀiHõ "Õ∞~°‰õΩ
WÖÏ ~å™ê#∞. aã≤‡Öò <å`À Hõeã≤#Ñ¨C_»∞ D q^èŒOQÍ ~å¿ãÎ `«#‰õΩ LitHõΔ `«Ñ≤Ê,
rq`« Mˇ·^Œ∞ Ñ¨_»QÆÅ^Œx J<åfl_»∞. PÜ«∞#‰õΩ "Õ∞Å∞ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok Hõ#∞Hõ PÜ«∞#
HÀi#@∞ì KÕ™êÎ#x "åQÍÌ#O KÕ™ê#∞. PÜ«∞# ˆHΔ=∞O HÀ~°∞`«∂ JÉèíº~°÷# Ñ¨„`«O JÖÏ
`«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕâß#∞, (Shaheed Asfaqulla Khan Aur Unka Yug, by Sudhir
Vidyardhi, Page.86) Jx JëêÊùMò K≥áêÊ~°∞.
D q=~°} q#fl `«~°∞"å`« P JÑ‘ÊÖò#∞ Z=fiiH˜ ÑÖÑ¨=^ŒÌx, PÖÏ ÑÖÑ≤`Õ
„áê}O g∞^Œ‰õΩ =ã¨∞ÎO^Œx Hõ$áêâ◊OHõ~ü JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡#∞ ÃÇÏK«ÛiOKå_»∞. q∞„`«∞_ç HÀãÖ
|eHÍ=_®xH˜ ã≤^ÑúŒ _¨ #ç JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ `«# <åºÜ«∞"åk Hõ$áêâ◊OHõ~ü ÃÇÏK«ÛiHõÅ#∞
MÏ`«~°∞ KÕÜ«∞ÖË^Œ∞. PÜ«∞# `«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕã≤# q#u Ñ¨„`åxfl Z@∞=O\˜ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞
KÕÜ«∞‰õΩO_® Ü«∞^è•qkèQÍ „Ñ‘g H“xûÖò‰õΩ ÑÖÑ≤"Õâß~°∞.
ã¨=∞~°∞ú_≥·# <Õ`« HÀãÖ <Õ~°O XÑ¨CHÀÅ∞

ÑÖ_ç`« aã≤‡Öò =ºHÎ̃QÆ`«OQÍ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£#∞ `«=Ú‡_çÖÏ, „Ñ¨^è•# J#∞K«~°∞
_çQÍ K«∂ã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. HÍHÀi ‰õΩ„@ ˆHã¨∞#∞ qKåiOz# „a\©+π <åºÜ«∂kèHÍi ‰õÄ_»
JëêÊùMò#∞ „j aã≤‡Öò „Ñ¨^•è # ã¨ÇÏ¨ K«~∞° _çQÍ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂™ê÷<£ iÑäH¡ ± JáÈã≤Ü∞Õ
+¨<£ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOz# Ñ¨Å∞ Ü«∂HõΔ<£ûÖ’ „j aã≤‡Öò`Àáê@∞QÍ ÉÏ^èŒº`«Å#∞ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOz#
JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡, <åºÜ«∞™ê÷#O qkèOz# tHõΔÅÖ’ ‰õÄ_® ã¨=∂#`«fiO J#∞ÉèíqOKå~°∞. „j
aã≤‡Öò =∂@#∞ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ Z#fl_»∂ [=^•@ÖË^Œ∞. z=~°‰õΩ „j aã≤‡Öò „áê}ÏxH˜
`«# „áê}O J_»∞¤"ÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ ‰õÄ_® PÜ«∞# "≥#∞HÍ_»ÖË^Œ∞. HÍHÀi ˆHã¨∞Ö’ tHõΔÅ∞
58
Ñ¨_®¤Hõ, „Ñ‘gH“xûÖò‰õΩ JÑ‘ÊÅ∞ KÕã¨∞HÀ=@O PÜ«∞#‰õΩ W+¨ìO ÖË‰õΩ<åfl „j aã≤‡Öò
HÀiHõ "Õ∞~°‰õΩ ã¨ˆ~#<åfl~°∞.
JëêÊùMò JO`«\ `˜ À ãïÃÑ@∞ìHÀÖË^∞Œ . HÍHÀi ãÖÑ¶∞¨ @#‰õΩ `«##∞ `å#∞ „Ñ¨^•è #
ÉÏ^èŒ∞º_çQÍ ¿Ñ~˘¯O@∂, <Õ~°ÉèÏ~åxfl,ÉèÏ^èŒº`«#∞ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ `å#∞ ã‘fiHõiã¨∂Î, ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ
<åºÜ«∞™ê÷<åxH˜ JÑ‘ÊÖò ^Œ~°MÏã¨∞Î#∞ ÑÖáê~°∞. P ^Œ~°MÏã¨∞Î‰õΩ PÜ«∞# <åºÜ«∞"åk
ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ JÉèíºO`«~°O ÃÑ\Ïì~°∞. P ãÖ^Œ~°ƒOQÍ, q∂~°∞ q∂~°∞ KÕÜ«∞x <Õ~åÅ#∞
ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ JOwHõiã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞? Jx „Ñ¨tflOz# <åºÜ«∞"åk N Ç¨Ï*ËÖÏ‰õΩ #K«Û K≥|∞`«∂,
<Õ#∞ ZÅ¡Ñ¨C_»∞ ã≤áê~Úx =∂„`«"Õ∞. ~åO„Ñ¨™ê^£ =∂ <åÜ«∞‰õΩ_»∞. PÜ«∞# x+¨ìQÆÅ
^ÕâÉ◊ ‰íè Ωõ _Î ∞» . =∞Oz `≥eq`Õ@Å∞ QÆÅ =ºH˜.Î <å „áê}ÏÅ∞ P_»∞"¤ ãÕ ≤ PÜ«∞##∞ ~°HOΔ˜ K«∞HÀ
QÆey`Õ Jk =∂ áêsìH,˜ =∂ ÅHΔÍºÅ ™ê^è#Œ ‰õΩ ZO`À =∞Oz^Ò`«∞Ok. <Õ#∞ ã≤áê~Úx
=∂„`«"∞Õ . PÜ«∞# PÖ’K«#Å∞ f~°∞`≥#∞flÅ q+¨Ü∞« OÖ’ <Õ#∞ ãï`«∂QÆÖ#Ë ∞. PO^Œ∞=Å#
PÜ«∞##∞ ~°H˜ΔOK«∞HÀ"åeû LOk, Jx JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ P<åfl~°∞.(Sudhir Vidyardhi :
Page.86)
z=~°‰õΩ P JÉèíº~°÷# Ñ¨„`«O =Å# tHõΔ =∂Ñ¶≤ ãÖQÆu ZÖÏQÆ∞<åfl, tHõΔ

=∞iO`« |ÅÑ¨_»∞`«∞O^Œx <åºÜ«∞"åk K≥Ñ≤Ê#Ñ¨Ê\˜H© q#‰õΩO_®, P ^Œ~°MÏã¨∞Î Ñ¨„`åxfl
L#fl`« <åºÜ«∞™ê÷<åxH˜ ÑÖÑ¨Ù‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. F ã¨=∞~°∞_ú #·≥ <åÜ«∞‰õΩ_çfl ~°HOΔ˜ K«∞‰õΩO>Ë L^Œº=∞O
ã¨r=OQÍLO@∞O^Œ#fl #=∞‡HõO`À, P <Õ`‰« Ωõ |^Œ∞Å∞ `å#∞ tHõÅΔ ‰õΩ ã≤^ÑÌŒ _¨ #ç Jëê¬H‰± Ωõ
qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∞O Ñ¨@¡ L#fl x|^ŒÌ`«, `åºQÆjÅ`« ÑÖ_ç`« aã≤‡Öò Ñ¨@¡ L#fl Q“~°=O D
K«~°º ^•fi~å |Ç≤Ï~°æ`«=∞Ü«∂º~Ú.
HõΔ=∂aèHõΔ Ü«∂K«#‰õΩ =ºuˆ~H˜

„Ñ¨[Å, „Ñ¨*Ï„Ñüx^è∞Œ Å q[˝ÑÙ¨ ÅÎ ∞ Jxfl ™ê÷~ÚÅÖ’ u~°ã¯¨ iOK«|_®¤H,õ z=~°‰Ωõ
HõΔ=∂aèHõΔ Ñ¨„`åxfl ÑÖ¿ÑO^Œ∞‰õΩ „Ñ¨Ü«∞`åflÅ∞ „áê~°OÉèí=∞Ü«∂º~Ú. LitHõΔÅ∞ Ñ¨_ç#
"å~°O`å Hõ=Δ ∂aèHΔõ HÀ~°∞`«∂ q#u Ñ¨„`åÅ∞ ÑÖÑ¨Ù`«∞<åfl~°∞. JëêÊùMò =∂„`«O Hõ=Δ ∂aèHΔõ
HÀ~°_®xH˜ JOwHõiOK«ÖË^Œ∞. ^Õ=Ùx g∞^Œ Jáê~° qâßfiãÖ QÆÅ JëêÊùMò „Ñün ^Õ=Ùx
WKåÛù#∞™ê~°OQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞O^Œx, ^Õ=Ù_»∞ `«# áê„`«#∞ =ÚyOK«^ŒeKå_»x, P
HÍ~°}OQÍ<Õ `«#‰õΩ LitHõΔ Ñ¨_çO^Œx, JO^Œ∞=Å# P tHõΔ#∞ ã‘fiHõiOK«_®xH˜ `å#∞
ã≤^ŒúOQÍ L<åfl#x |O^èŒ∞q∞„`«∞Å‰õΩ ~åã≤# ÖËYÖ’ q=~°OQÍ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞.
59
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
=∂`«$^ÕâO◊ HÀãÖ „áê}ÏÅiÊOK«@O J^Œ$+ì̈OQÍ ÉèÏqã¨∞<Î åfl#x, P J=HÍâ◊O

`«#‰õΩ ^ŒH˜¯#O^Œ∞‰õΩ ^Õ=ÙxH˜ Hõ$`«[˝`«Å∞ `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù‰õΩO@∞<åfl#x ã¨Ç¨ÏK«~°∞Å`À J<åfl~°∞.
LitHõΔ#∞ ^≥·=„Ñ¨™êk`«OQÍ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ ÉèÏqOz#O^Œ∞#, K«„Hõ=iÎH˜ HõΔ=∂aèHõΔ
ÃÑ@∞ìHÀ_®xH˜ ã¨¿ãq∞~å JOwHõiOK« ÖË^Œ∞. q∞„`«∞_»∞ aã≤‡Öò T~°∞HÀÖË^Œ∞. JëêÊùMò
g∞^Œ XuÎ_ç `≥KåÛ_»∞. z=~°‰õΩ JëêÊùMò J~Ú+¨ìOQÍ<Õ HõΔ=∂aèHõΔ Ñ¨„`«O ÑÖáê~°∞. D
q^èŒOQÍ JëêÊùMò q∂^Œ XuÎ_ç `≥zÛ, PÜ«∞# WëêìxH˜ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ, PÜ«∞# KÕ`«
HõΔ=∂aHõΔ JÉèíº~°÷# Ñ¨„`«O ÑÖÑ≤Oz#O^Œ∞‰õΩ, P `«~°∞"å`« aã≤‡Öò `«# Ñ¨âßÛ`åÎÑÖ
„Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå~°∞.
D q+¨Ü«∂xfl `å#∞ ~åã¨∞‰õΩ#fl P`«‡Hõ^äŒÖ’ aã≤‡Öò „Ñ¨™êÎqã¨∂Î, JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡
MÏ<≥`· Õ „a\©+π „Ñ¨É∞íè `åfixfl Hõ=Δ ∂aèHΔõ Ü«∂zOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ã¨=∞‡uOK«Ö^Ë ∞Œ . ^ŒÜ∂« =∞Ü«Ú_≥#·
P ^Õ=Ùx `«Ñ≤ÊOz =∞~À =ºHÎ̃<≥=ih HõΔ=∂aèHõΔ HÀ~°~å^Œx PÜ«∞# JK«OK«Å qâßfiãÖ.
HÍh <Õ#∞ =∞s Ñ¨@∞ì|@ì_»O`À PÜ«∞# ‰õÄ_® HõΔ=∂aèHõΔ HÀ~å_»∞. <å Ñ¨q„`« „¿Ñ=∞
„Ñ¨™êkOz# JkèHÍ~åefl qxÜ≥∂yOz <Õ#∞ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£#∞ `«# ^Œ$_è»xâ◊ÛÜ«∞O
#∞O_ç qK«e`«∞_»ÜÕ∞ºÖÏ KÕâß#∞. QÆ#∞Hõ nx ^À+¨=∞O`å <å^Õ... QÀ~°H±Ñ¨Ó~ü *ˇ·Å∞
#∞O_ç JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£‰Ωõ <Õ<˘Hõ ÖËY ~åã≤ ##∞fl HõqΔ ∞OKåeûOkQÍ HÀ~å#∞, J<åfl_»∞.
(aã≤‡Öò P`«‡Hõ^äŒ ó ¿Ñl. 137)
60
aã≤‡Öò z=i ãÖ^Õâßxfl q„^ÀÇ≤Ï HõÅO ¿Ñ~°∞`À ã¨~åÌ~ü ÉèíQÆ`üã≤OQ∑ 1928
<å\˜ H©iÎ Ñ¨„uHõÖ’ W^Õ q+¨Ü«∂xfl „Ñ¨™êÎqã¨∂Î, <Õ#∞ K≥|∞`«∞#fl@∞ìQÍ<Õ, JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡
PÖ’K«#Å∂ L<åfl~Ú. JÑ‘ÊÅ∞ ~åã¨∞#Î flÑ¨C_»∞ ÅHÀfl *ˇÅ· ∞Ö’ <Õ#∞ J`«x`À =∂\Ï¡_®#∞.
„Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixH˜ ^ŒÜ«∂aèHõΔ Ñ¨„`«O ã¨=∞iÊOK«@O `«#‰õΩ ZO`« =∂„`«=¸ ~Ú+¨ìO ÖË^Œ∞.
<Õ#∞ |Å=O`«O KÕÜ«∞@O =Å¡, <å =∂@#∞ H˘>ˇìÜ«∞ºÖËHõ z=iH˜ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡
JOwHõiOKå_»∞, (*Ï˝Ñ¨HõO KÕã¨∞HÀO_ç ZÑ¨C_≥·<å ó ¿Ñl.28 =∞iÜ«Ú 40) Jx
aã≤‡Öò K≥Ñ≤Ê#@∞ìQÍ ~å™ê~°∞.
„Ñ¨[Å "Õ_∞» HÀà◊√§ „Ñ¨É∞íè `åfixfl HõkeOK«ÖHË áõ ÈÜ«∂~Ú. „Ñ¨*Ï <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ q#`«∞Å∞
|∞@ì^•YÅÜ«∂º~Ú. P HõΔ=∂aèHõΔ q[˝Ñ¨ÙÎÅ∞ u~°ã¨¯iOK«|_®¤~Ú. z=~°‰õΩ „Ñ¨^è•#
Hˆ ã¨∞Ö’QÍx, J#∞|O^èŒ Hˆ ã¨∞Ö’QÍx qKå~°} Z^Œ∞~˘¯#fl HÍHÀi Ü≥∂^è∞Œ ÅÖ’ #Å∞QÆ∞iH˜
LitHõÅΔ ∞ Y~å~°Ü∂« º~Ú. JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£#∞ 1927 _çÃãO|~°∞ 19= `Õn# ÃÑ*·¶ ÏÉÏ^£
*ˇ·Å∞Ö’ LifÜ«∂Åx HÀ~°∞ì P^ÕtOzOk. P P^ÕâßÅ „Ñ¨HÍ~°OQÍ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£#∞
ÅHÀfl HÍ~åQÍ~°O #∞O_ç ÃÑ¶·*ÏÉÏ^£ *ˇ·Å∞‰õΩ `«~°eOKå~°∞.
=∞$`«∞º=Ù‰õΩ "≥~°=x nè~°∞_»∞

=∂`«$^Õâ◊O HÀãÖ „áê}ÏÅiÊOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ãÖã≤^Œ∞ú_≥·# JëêÊùMò U<å_»∞
=∞$`«∞º=Ù‰õΩ ÉèÜí ∞« Ñ¨_Ö» ^Ë ∞Œ . z#fl =Ü«∞ã¨∞ûÖ’<Õ =∂`«$^Õâ◊ ¿ã=‰õΩ `«##∞ `å#∞ JOH˜Ò«
KÕã¨∞‰õΩ#fl PÜ«∞# `«##∞ ÉèÏ~°`«=∂`« ¿ã=‰õΩxQÍ K≥Ñ¨C‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. `«# „áê}ÏÅ∞
ÉèÏ~°`=« ∂`«‰Ωõ JiÊ`«=∞x ‰õÄ_® PÜ«∞# q∞„`«∞Å‰õΩ, ã¨xflÇ≤Ï`«∞Å‰õΩ ~åã¨∞‰õΩ#fl ÖËYÅÖ’
¿Ñ~˘fl<åfl~°∞. J#∞x`«ºO K«ã¨∂Î Ñ≤iH˜`«#O`À „|`«Hõ_»O PÜ«∞#‰õΩ W+¨ìO ÖË^Œ∞. D
ÉèÏ"åxfl PÜ«∞# ~åã≤# Hõq`«Ö’ =ºHõÎO KÕ™ê~°∞. z=iH˜ Li"ÕkHõ q∂^Œ ‰õÄ_® `«#
xsƒùux, ÉèÏ"À^ÕfiQÍÅ#∞ L~°∂Ì Hõq`«Å ^•fi~å "≥Å_¡ Oç Kå~°∞. PÜ«∞# |O^è∞Œ q∞„`«∞Å‰õΩ
~åã≤# ÖËYÅÖ’ ÉèÏ"À^ÕfiQÍÅ#∞ K«Hõ¯x L~°∂Ì Hõq`«Å ^•fi~å Jëê¬Mò "≥Å¡_çOKå~°∞.
|O^èŒ∞q∞„`«∞Å‰õΩ ~åã≤# ÖËYÅÖ’, "åi`À [iy# ãÖÉèÏ}ÅÖ’ `«#‰õΩ =∞~°} ÉèíÜ«∞O
U=∂„`«O ÖË^Œx ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. =∂`«$^Õâ◊O HÀãÖ =∞$`«∞º=∂Å#∞ ^èŒiOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ `å#∞
ã≤^ŒÌOQÍ L<åflx, JO`«\ ˜ =∞Ç¨^•ƒùQÆºO `«#‰õΩ ^ŒH˜¯#O^Œ∞‰õΩ QÆ~°fiÑ¨_»∞`«∞<åfl#x
JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ Ñ¨Å∞ ÖËYÅÖ’ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞.
LitHõΔ J=∞Å∞ HÀãÖ Z^Œ∞~°∞K«∂ã¨∂Î ÃÑ¶·*ÏÉÏ^Œ∞ *ˇ·Å∞Ö’ L#fl ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’
PÜ«∞# `«e¡H˜ ~åã≤# ÖËYÖ’ =∞~°}=∞O>Ë MÏ`«~°∞ KÕÜ«∞#x x~°ƒùÜ«∂xfl "≥Å¡_çOKå~°∞.
61
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
=∂`«$Éèí∂q∞ HÀãÖ =∞~°}ÕKÕ =∞Ç¨Ï`«Î~° J=HÍâ◊O ÅaèOz#O^Œ∞# „ÑüXHõ¯~°∂
ãÖ`À+≤OKåÅ<åfl~°∞. F ÅHõΔ ºO HÀãÖ =∞~°}ÕKÕ J^Œ$+¨ìO á⁄Ok# H˘_»∞#∞ K«∂ã≤
„Ñü `«b¡ QÆifiOKåÅ<åfl~°∞. D "Õ∞~°‰Ωõ PÜ«∞# `«# ™È^Œ~∞° Å∞ =∞Ç¨Ï=∞‡^£ iÜ«∂ã¨`∞« ÖÏ¡,
`«e¡ =∞[Ç¨Ï~°∞hfl™êÅ‰õΩ ~åã≤# ÖËYÅÖ’ PÜ«∞#Ö’x x~°ƒùÜ«∞`«fiO "≥Å¡_»=Ù`«∞Ok.
L`«Î~° „Ñ¨^ÕâòÖ’x ÃÑ¶·*ÏÉÏ^Œ∞ *ˇ·Å∞ QÀ_»Å =∞^èŒº #∞O_ç PÜ«∞# `«# `«e¡H˜
~åã≤# XHõ ÖËYÖ’, P=∂‡..h a_»¤_»∞ g~Àz`«OQÍ =∞~°}Ïxfl ã‘fiHõiã¨∞Î#flO^Œ∞‰õΩ h=Ù
QÆifiOKåe. =∞$`«∞º=Ù`À áÈ~å_®eû =¿ãÎ h=Ù ‰õÄ_® J`«ºO`« ^è≥·~åºxfl „Ñ¨^Œi≈Oz,
F Ü≥∂^èŒ∞x `«e¡QÍ x#∞fl h=Ù ~°∞A=Ù KÕã¨∞HÀ"åe...ÉèíÜ«∞O HõeyOKÕ =∂@Å#∞
‰õÄ_® Ju `ÕeQÍæ fã¨∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl#O>Ë J^ŒO`å q∂ LQÆ∞æáêÅ =∞Ç≤Ï=∞...q∂~°∞
=k#`À =KÕÛ@ì~Ú`Õ QÆ`«OÖ’ =zÛ#@∞ì ^è≥·~°ºâßeQÍ ~åQÆÅ=Ù. ##∂fl ^è≥·~°ºâßex
KÕÜ«∂e, Px ~åâß~°∞. (Sudhir Vidyardhi : Page. 86)
J=∂‡ h=Ù g~°=∂`«=Ù. g~°=∂`«Å∞ ^Œ∞ódOK«~å^Œx `«e¡H˜ ^è≥·~°ºO K≥áêÊ~°∞.
=∞~°}O Z=iÔH·<å `«Ñ¨Ê^Œ∞. J~Ú`Õ J@∞=O\˜ =∞~°}O XHõ ã¨^•â◊Ü«∂xfl ™êkèOKÕ
„Hõ=∞OÖ’ Åaè¿ãÎ ãÖ`À+≤OKåÅ<åfl~°∞. <å ^ÕâO◊ HÀãÖ <Õ#∞ =∞~°}O˜ K«@O QÆifiOK«^yŒ #
q+¨Ü«∞O. Z=iÔH·<å WO`«HõO>Ë Q˘Ñ¨Ê =~°O U=ÚO@∞Ok? <å =Oâ◊OÖ’ <å `«e¡
HõO>Ë Q˘Ñ¨Ê"å~°∞ Z=~°∞O\Ï~°∞? JO@∂ `«e¡x JëêÊùMò T~°_ç™êÎ~°∞. JO`ÕHÍ^Œ∞
PÜ«∞# Ñ¨Å∞=ÙiH˜ ~åã≤# ÖËYÅÖ’, <Õ#∞ g~°QÆux á⁄^Œ∞`«∞<åfl#∞. =∂`«$^Õâ◊O HÀãÖ
|ÅÜÕ∞º"å~°∞ J^Œ$+¨ì=O`«∞Å∞. JO`«HõO>Ë J^Œ$+¨ì=O`«∞Å∞ Z=~°∞O\Ï~°∞?....
=∂`«$^Õâßxfl „¿Ñq∞ã¨∞#Î flO^Œ∞‰õΩ <å‰õΩ =∞~°}tHõΔ qkèOKå~°∞.JO^Œ∞‰õΩ <Õ#∞ QÆifiã¨∞<Î åfl#∞,
Jx ¿Ñ~˘¯O@∂, =∞$`«∞º=Ù‰õΩ U =∂„`«O"≥~=° x nè~À^•`«∞_Î ∞» QÍ JëêÊMò ^Œ~≈° #q∞™êÎ~∞° .
JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ <åºÜ«∞"åk N Ç¨Ï*ËÖÏ, PÜ«∞# ã¨xflÇ≤Ï`«∞Å∞ PÜ«∞#
„áê}ÏÅ#∞ HÍáê_»∞‰õΩ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO`À ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiOK«=∞#flÑ¨C_»∞, P ã¨ÅÇ¨Å#∞
u~°ã¯¨ iã¨∂,Î `«# `«eH¡ ˜ ~åã≤# ÖËYÖ’, <Õ#∞ <å „áê}ÏÅ∞ HÍáê_»∞‰õΩ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ, W`«~∞° Å#∞
D ˆHã¨∞ÅÖ’ WiHÕKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ J„Ñ¨Ó=~ü HÍQÆÅ#∞. D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixH˜ ã¨Ç¨ÏiOK«
QÆÅ#∞. `«# lO^Œw HÀãÖ W`«~°∞Å „|`«∞‰õΩÅ#∞ WHõ¯@¡ Ñ¨~°O KÕÜ«∞QÆÅO`«\ ˜ J`«ºO`«
hK«"≥∞ÿ# K«~°ºÅ‰õΩ áêÅÊ_ç# =ºH˜Î Éèíq+¨º`«∞Î `«~åÅ‰õΩ Uq^èŒOQÍ P^Œ~°≈hÜ«Ú_»∞
HÍQÆÅ_®? HÍ_»∞ ZÑ¨C_»∞ HÍÖË_»∞... <å‰õΩ QÆ~°fiOQÍ LOk ~å#∞#fl `«~åÅ∞ ##∞fl
Ñ≤iH˜ÑÖ^Œ J#=Ù. hK«∞_»∞ Jx ##∞fl J=Ù#∞....xâ◊ÛÜ«∞OQÍ J#=Ù. ##∞fl
62
ã¨`«ºãÖ^èŒ∞_»∞, ^è≥·~°º=O`«∞_»∞ JO\Ï~°∞, Jx ~åâß~°∞. ( Sudhir Vidyardhi :
Page.101)
D HÍHÀi Hˆ ã¨∞Ö’ PÜ«∞# ã¨ÇÏ¨ K«~∞° _»∞ N â◊pO„^Œ<å^ä£ |H˜Δ ™È^Œi, qÑ¨=¡ HÍi}˜
#oxH˜ 1927 _çÃãO|~°∞ 16= `Õk# ~åã≤# ÖËYÖ’, .. <Õ#∞ =∞~°}ÕK«áÈ`«∞<åfl#∞.
JO`« H õ < åfl WÖÏ JO>Ë ÉÏQÆ ∞ O@∞O^Õ " ≥ ∂ . "åã¨ Î " åxH˜ <Õ # ∞ J=∞~° ` « fi O
á⁄O^ŒÉ’`«∞<åfl#∞... =KÕÛ ™È=∞"å~°O <å rq`åxH˜ z=i ~ÀA HÍÉ’`ÀOk....<Õ#∞
g~° =∞~°}O á⁄O^ŒÉ’`«∞<åfl#∞, („Ñ¨*Ï™êÇ≤Ïu ó ¿Ñl 54–55) Px ãÖ`Àëêxfl
=ºHõÎO KÕâß~°∞.
D q^èOŒ QÍ F =∞Ç¨Ï`«~Î ° ÅHõΔ ºO HÀãÖ LitHõ#Δ ∞ ã‘fiHõiOK«@O =∞Ç¨^•ƒùQºÆ OQÍ
ÉèÏqOz# JëêÊùMò =∂`«$^Õâ◊O HÀãÖ =∞~°} "ÕkHõ<≥Hõ¯@O QÆifiOK«^Œy# J=HÍâ◊OQÍ
ÉèÏqOz, P „Hõ=∞OÖ’ `«# „áê}ÏÅ#∞ `«$}„áêÜ«∞OQÍ ÉèÏqOz LitHõΔ J=∞Å∞
HÀãÖ Z^Œ∞~°∞ K«∂_»™êQÍ~°∞.
LitHõΔ J=∞Å∞‰õΩ Z^Œ∞~°∞K«∂Ñ¨Ù

LitHõΔ Y~å~°Ü«∂ºHõ P tHõΔ J=∞Å∞ HÀãÖ JëêÊMò Z^Œ∞~°∞`≥#∞flÅ∞ K«∂_»
™ê_»QÍ~°∞. LitHõΔ `«#‰õΩ ÅaèOz# =∞Ç¨Ï`«Î~° J=HÍâ◊OQÍ ÉèÏqOz#O^Œ∞#, P tHõΔ`À
„Ñ¨Ü≥∂[#O á⁄O^•Åx PÜ«∞# ÉèÏqOKå~°∞. `«##∞ `«fii`«OQÍ POˆQ¡Ü«∞ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO
Li fÜ«∂Åx, `«^•fi~å „Ñ¨[Å QÆ∞O_≥Å∞ =∞O_®Åx, =∞O_ç# QÆ∞O_≥Å #∞O_ç
ZQÆ„ÉÏH˜# |_»ÉÏQÆ∞flÅÖ’ „a\©+~¨ ∞° ¡ =∂_ç =∞Ããá· È"åÅx PÜ«∞# HÀ~°∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. PÜ«∞#
LitHõΔ#∞ KåÖÏ z#fl q+¨Ü«∞OQÍ ÉèÏqOKå~°∞. PÜ«∞##∞ K«∂_»_®xH˜ =zÛ# |O^èŒ∞
q∞„`«∞Å`À, Li H˘Ü«∞º g∞^Œ LÜ«∂ºÅ TˆQ ã¨∞O^Œ~° ã¨fiáêflx J#∞x`«ºO ^Œi≈ã¨∞Î<åflx
J<åfl~°∞.
JëêÊùMò#∞ z=i™êiQÍ K«∂¿ãO^Œ∞‰õΩ <åºÜ«∞"åk „j Hõ$áêâ◊OHõ~ü, Ç¨Ï*ËÖÏ,
JëêÊùMò J#fl^Œ=Ú‡Å∞, J#fl ‰õΩ=∂~°∞Å∞ _çÃãO|~°∞ 17 # *ˇ·Å∞‰õΩ =KåÛ~°∞. JÑ¨C_Õ
™êfl#O KÕã≤ â◊√„Éèí"≥∞ÿ |@ìÅ∞ ^èŒiOz# PÜ«∞# *ˇ·Å∞ ÃãÖòÖ’H˜ "≥_»∞`«∂, z~°∞#=Ùfi`À
Jf‡Ü«ÚÅ‰õΩ Jaè"å^ŒO KÕâß~°∞. JáêºÜ«∞OQÍ |O^è∞Œ QÆ}Ïxfl Ñ¨ÅHõiOKå~°∞. LitHõ‰Δ Ωõ
Z^Œ∞~°∞ K«∂ã¨∞Î#fl PÜ«∞# Uq∂ [~°#@∞ì =º=Ç¨ÏiOKå~°∞. PÜ«∞# Ñ¨ÅHõiOÑ¨Ù`À
QÆ∞O_≥K≥^Œi# PÜ«∞# ™È^Œ~°∞Å∞, P ™È^Œ~°∞Å ‰õΩ=∂~°∞Å∞ QÆ∞O_≥Å∞ ÑÿÖË@∞ìQÍ
qÅÑ≤OK«™êQÍ~°∞. P ^Œ$â◊ºO JëêÊùMò‰õΩ z~å‰õΩ HõeyOzOk.
63
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
P ãÖ^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ, JëêÊùMò <åºÜ«∞"åk „j Hõ$áêâ◊OHõ~ü Ç¨Ï*ËÖÏ#∞ ^ŒQÆæ~°‰õΩ
Ñ≤ez, Ç¨Ï*ËÖÏ ™êÉò, gà◊§O^Œifl q∂ "≥O@ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ fã¨∞H˘KåÛ~°∞? Wk ~ÀkOKåeû#
ã¨=∞Ü«∞=∂? ãÖ`À+≤OKåeû# ã¨=∞Ü«∞=∂?....<å ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊Ñ¨Ù ~å*ÏºkèHÍ~åxfl
POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ #∞O_ç ÖÏHÀ¯_®xH˜ <Õ#∞ ‰õΩ„@Ñ¨<åfl#x <å q∂^Œ qKå~°} ™êyOk. D
ÅHõΔ ºO „áê}ÏÅ#∞ Ñ¨}OQÍ ÃÑ\˜ì ™êkèOKåeûOk HÍ^•? J@∞=O@Ñ¨C_»∞ D U_»∞ÊÅ∞
ÃÑ_»ÉÁ|ƒÖËO\˜? gi `«=Ú‡_»∞ ÖËHõ z<åfl#fl ^Õâ◊O HÀãÖ `«# „áê}ÏÅ#∞ Ñ¨}OQÍ
ÃÑ\˜ì Li"ÕkHõ <≥Hõ¯#∞#flO^Œ∞‰õΩ gà◊¡O`å ãÖ`À+≤OKåe. Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ ã¨=∂[O #∞O_ç
„j Y∞n~åO, „j Hõ#›Ü∞« ºÖÏÖò ÖÏO\˜ =∞Ç¨ÏhÜ«ÚÅ∞ =∂`«$^ÕâO◊ HÀãÖ `«# „áê}ÏÅ#∞
|eÃÑ\˜ì# q+¨Ü«∞O gà◊¡‰õΩ `≥ÅÑÖ_ç. =Úã≤¡O ã¨=∂[O #∞O_ç, qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å q∂^Œ
"≥∂Ñ≤# W@∞=O\˜ ‰õΩ„@ ˆHã¨∞Ö’ Li"ÕkHõ ZH˜¯ „áê}ÏÅ#∞ JiÊOK«#∞#fl `˘e
=Úã≤¡Ox <Õ<Õ#x QÆifiã¨∞Î<åfl#x, JëêÊùMò J<åfl~°∞.( Sudhir Vidyardhi : Page.88)
D =∂@Å∞ qO@∂<Õ <åºÜ«∞"åk N Ç¨Ï*ÏÖË qK«e`«∞_»Ü«∂º~°∞. LaH˜
=ã¨∞Î#fl ^Œ∞MÏxfl P}˜z ÃÑ@∞ì‰õΩO@∂, q∂ z=i HÀiHõ UO\© ? Jx JëêÊùMò#∞
PÜ«∞# J_çQÍ~°∞. P =∂@‰õΩ #=Ùfi`«∂, P <åH˘Hõ z=i HÀi‰õ LOk. q∂~°∞ Ñ¨ÓiÎ
KÕÜ«∞QÆey`Õ...ZÅ∞¡O_ç ##∞fl Li"ÕkHõ <≥H˜¯™êÎ~°∞. q∂~°∞ K«∂ã¨∞Î LO_çá⁄O_ç <Õ#∞
U q^èŒOQÍ Lix ã‘fiHõi™êÎ<À, J<åfl~°∞. P Ñ¨x =∂„`«O <Õ#∞ KÕÜ«∞ÖË#O@∂
<åºÜ«∞"åk Ç¨Ï*ËÖÏ HõO@`«_ç ÃÑ@ìQÍ, PÜ«∞# |O^è∞Œ =ÙÅ‰õΩ ^Œ∞:YO Hõ@Åì ∞ `≥OK«∞‰õΩOk.
„Ñ¨=ÚY ~°K«~Ú`« N âßOu"≥∂Üü∞ ˆ~ `«# Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõO „Ñ¶‘_»"£∞ =¸"£"≥∞O\ò
JO_£ WO_çÜ«∞<£ =Úã≤¡"£∞û Ö’ P ~ÀA# JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ <À@ "≥Å∞=_ç# =∂@Å#∞
POQÆ¡OÖ’ D q^èŒOQÍ „QÆO^äŒã¨÷O KÕâß~°∞.
“...If I am not allowed to observe the last ceremony of the noblest
ordeal with all dignity and steadiness then the sanctity of the occasion
will be tarnished. Today I feel myself worthy of honour with the hope
that a sacred and great responsibility for the liberation of motherland
has been entrusted to me. You should feel happy and proud that one of
yours is fortunate enough to offer his life. You must remember that the
Hindu community has dedicated great souls like Khudiram and Kanailal.
To me this is a good fortune that belonging to Muslim Community I have
acquired the privilege of following the footsteps of those great martyrs...”
(Freedom Movement and Indian Muslims, Santimoy Ray, PPH, New
Delhi, 1983, Page. 43)
64
JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ P~ÀA K≥Ñ≤Ê# =∂@Å∞ PÜ«∞# =∞Ç¨ÏŸ#fl`« `åºQÆx~°uH˜,
=∂`«$Éè∂í q∞ Ñ¨@¡ PÜ«∞#‰õΩ QÆÅ Jáê~° „¿Ñ=∂aè=∂<åÅ‰õΩ, ÅHõΔ ºO Ñ¨@¡ L#fl x|^Œ`Ì ‰« Ωõ
xsƒùuH˜, ÅHõΔ ºO HÀãÖ „áê}ÏÅ#∞ `«$}„áêÜ«∞OQÍ `åºQÆO KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ ã≤^Œú"≥∞ÿ#
f~°∞‰õΩ, PÜ«∞#Ö’x ^è≥·~°º™êÇ¨Ï™êÅ‰õΩ ã¨r= zÇ¨flÅ∞QÍ xÅ∞™êÎ~Ú.
LitHõΔ J=∞Å∞‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞~ÀA#, JO>Ë 1927 _çÃãO|~°∞ 18= `Õn#,
*ˇ·Å∞Ö’ JëêÊùMò#∞ K«∂ã≤# ã¨~åÌ~ü ÉèíQÆ`üã≤OQ∑ P~ÀA# JëêÊùMò ZÖÏ L<åfl_»#fl q+¨
Ü«∂xfl, D ã¨fiK«ÛùO^Œ Hõq. Pâ◊Û~°ºOÖ’ =ÚOKÕ LÖÏ¡ãÖ`À LiHõO|"≥∞HÍ¯_»∞. ZO`À
JO^ŒQÍ_»∞, =∞Oz X_»∞¤á⁄_»∞QÆ∂ L#fl Ü«Ú=‰õΩ_»∞. KåÖÏ |e+¨ìOQÍ LO_Õ"å_»∞.
*ˇÅ· ∞Ö’ H˘kÌQÍ zHÍ¯_»∞. zH˜¯áÈ_®xH˜ HÍ~°}O kQÆ∞Å∞ HÍ^Œx, ^Õ=Ùx ã¨‡iOK«∞‰õΩO@∂
âßOuQÍ LO_»_®xH˜ PÇ¨~°O KåÖÏ `«‰õΩ¯= fã¨∞HÀ=_»"Õ∞ HÍ~°}=∞x *ˇ·Å∞Ö’
Hõeã≤#Ñ¨C_»∞ K≥áêÊ_»∞. LifÜ«∞_®xH˜ XHõ~ÀA =ÚO^Œ∞ PÜ«∞##∞ Hõeâß#∞. PÜ«∞#
ÉÏQÍ =Ú™êÎ|∞ J~Ú L<åfl_»∞. áêÑ≤@fã≤ ^Œ∞qfi# á⁄_»"å\˜ "≥O„@∞HõÅ∞ ZO`À
JO^ŒOQÍ L<åfl~Ú. ZO`À Ç¨ïëê~°∞QÍ #=Ùfi`«∂, `«∞à◊√§`«∂ =∂\Ï¡_®_»∞. ' ˆ~Ñ¨Ù <å
ÃÑo§ — Jx J<åfl_»x ÉèíQÆ`üã≤OQ∑ `≥eáê~°∞. (*Ï˝Ñ¨HõO KÕã¨∞HÀO_ç..: ¿Ñl 40) P
ÃÑo§~ÀA ~å<Õ =zÛOk. '.. <å ÃÑo§ KÕÜ«∂Åx =∂ "åà‹¡O`À „Ñ¨Ü«∞uflOKå~°∞.
<å‰õΩ #zÛ# =^èŒ∞=Ù ^˘~°HõHõ KÕã¨∞HÀÖË^Œ∞. W<åflà◊§‰õΩ WkQÀ <å‰õΩ #zÛ# =^èŒ∞=Ù
^˘iHÕk, JO@∂ JëêÊùH± LitHõΔ#∞ =^èŒ∞=Ù`À áÈÖÏÛ~°∞. (aã≤‡Öò P`«‡Hõ^äŒ: ¿Ñl
152).
JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ =∞$`«∞º=Ù ã¨=ÚYOÖ’ „Ñ¨îŒ ≈Oz# ^è~·≥ º° ™êÇ¨™êÅ#∞ N ~åO„Ñ¨™ê^£
aã≤‡Öò `«# P`«‡Hõ^èŒÖ’ „Ñ¨â◊Oã≤ã¨∂Î, <åH˜Ñ¨C_»∞ H˘O`≥·<å `«$Ñ≤Î LO^ŒO>Ë P^ŒO`å D
„Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«OÖ’ <å ¿Ñ~°∞ „Ñü+ëì fl h=Ù ã¨=Ú[fiÅO QÍqOKå=<Õ. ' JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ qÑ¨"¡ À^Œº
=∞OÖ’ áêÖÁæ<åfl_»∞. `À|∞@∞ì=ÙÅ∞, |O^èŒ∞q∞„`«∞Å∞ ZO`«QÍ "åiOz<å J`«_»∞ U
=∂„`«O ÖˇHõ¯ KÕÜ«∞ÖË^Œ∞. PÔ~ã¨ì~Ú# Ñ≤^ŒÑ¨ ‰õÄ_® `«# ÉèÏ"åÅ#∞ =^Œ∞Å∞HÀ‰õΩO_®
ã¨∞^Œ$_èO» QÍ xeKå~°∞.— J<Õ ãÖQÆu ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ ◊ K«i„`«Ö’ ZO`À LÖËY¡ hÜ«∞"≥∞ÿ áÈ~ÚOk.,
Jx ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. (¿Ñl ó 123).
D ãÖ^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ aã≤‡Öò Je¡# Hõq`« D q^èŒOQÍ ™êQÆ∞`«∞Ok. '=∞~°}˜™êÎ~°∞
P<åºÜ«∞OQÍ aã≤‡Öò, ~À+¨<£, ÖÏÇ≤Ïi, JëêÊùMò – <ÕÅ ~¸x#@∞ì Ñ¨Ù@∞ìH˘™êÎ~°∞– =∂
<≥`«∞Î\ ˜ ^è•~°Å#∞O_ç =O^ŒÖÏk Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å∞— (=∞~°`Õñ 'aã≤‡Öò —, '~À+¨<£—, 'ÅÇ¨Ïs—,
'J+πá¶êMò— J`åºKå~ü ¿ã–Ç¨ÏŸOˆQ ÃÑ·^• Ãã·Hõ_Àñ L<£ˆH ~°∞kè~ü H˜ ^è•~ü ¿ã)
65
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
„Ñ¨*Ï K≥·`«#ºO =∂„`«"Õ∞ ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ‰õΩ Ñïëê¯~°O
=∂`«$^ÕâO◊ HÀãÖ „áê}`åºQÍxH˜ ã≤^ÑúŒ _¨ #ç JëêÊùMò `«# J#∞Éè"í åÅ P^è•~°OQÍ
Ü«∂=`«∞Î „Ñ¨[Å#∞ K≥·`«#º=O`«∞Å#∞ KÕã≤, ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊O "≥Ú`«ÎO g∞^Œ qÑ¨¡= *ÏfiÅÅ#∞
„Ñ¨[fiiÅ¡ KÕÜ«∂Å#∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. D q+¨Ü«∂Å#∞ *ˇ·Å∞ #∞Oz ~åã≤# z=i ÖËYÖ’ D
q^èŒOQÍ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞.
ÉèÏ~°`« ~°OQÆã¨÷ÅOÃÑ·# =∂ áê„`«#∞ "Õ∞=Ú x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKå=Ú. "Õ∞=Ú `«Ñ¨CÅ∞
HÍx XÑ¨ÙÊÅ∞ HÍh Uq∞ KÕã<≤ å ™êfi`«O„`«ºO ãÖáêkOKåÅ<Õ ÉèÏ=#`À „¿Ñi`«∞Å=∞ÜÕ∞º
KÕâßO. =∂ J~Ú# "åà◊√§ (HÍO„ÔQãπ <Õ`«Å∞) =∞=∞‡efl á⁄y_ç<å, xOkOz<å,
U^Õ"≥∞ÿ<å =∂ â◊`«$=ÙÅ‰õΩ ‰õÄ_® =∂ ^è≥·~°º™êÇ¨Ï™êÅ#∞ á⁄QÆ_»Hõ `«Ñ¨ÊÖË^Œ∞. "Õ∞=Ú
^Õâ◊OÖ’ ÉèíÜ≥∂`åÊ`åÅ∞ ã¨$+≤ìã¨∞Î<åfl=∞x H˘O^Œ~°∞ JO@∞<åfl~°∞. Jk ãïHÍ^Œ∞. Wxfl
~ÀAÅ∞QÍ ˆHã¨∞ #_»∞ã¨∂Î LOk. =∂Ö’ KåÖÏ =∞Ok ZO`À HÍÅO x~°ƒùO^èŒOÖ’
ÖË~∞° . WÑ¨C_»∞ ‰õÄ_® H˘O^Œ~∞° |Ü«∞@ L<åfl~°∞. J~Ú<å "Õ∞=Ú HÍx, =∂ ã¨ÇÏ¨ K«~∞° Å∞
HÍx =∂‰õΩ H©_»∞ KÕã≤# "åÔ~=iÃÑ·<å `«∞áêH˜ ¿ÑÅÛÖË^Œ∞. =∂ L^ÕÌâ◊ºO Jk HÍ^Œ∞.
"Õ∞=Ú ™êfi`«O„`«ºO ãÖáêkOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ^Õâ◊O "≥Ú`«ÎOÖ’ qÑ¨¡=O fã¨∞‰õΩ~å"åÅx
J#∞‰õΩ<åfl=Ú.
=∂ ˆHã¨∞ qKåiOz# [_ô˚Å∞ =∞=∞‡efl „‰õÄ~°∞Å∞, |~°ƒ~°∞Å∞, =∂#=`«fiOÃÑ·
Hõà◊OHõO =O\˜ "å~°∞ Jx Z<Àfl qâı+¨}ÏÅ`À „Ñ¨™êÎqOKå~°∞. =∞# ÑïáêÅ‰õΩÅ
*Ïu"å_Õ J~Ú# [#~°Öò _»Ü∞« º~ü x~åÜ«Ú^è∞Œ Öˇ#· Ñ≤ÅÅ¡ ∞, =Úãë"åà◊√§, „ã‘ÑÎ Ù¨ ~°∞+¨μÅ∞
JO^Œi g∞^Œ `«∞áêH˜ QÆ∞O_»¡ =~°¬O ‰õΩiÑ≤OKå_»∞. <åºÜ«∞O Ü≥ÚHõ¯ QÆ∞`«Î^•~°∞Å∞ `«=∞
D Pf‡Ü«Ú_çx U qâı+¨}ÏÅ`À ãÖÉ’kèOKå~°∞? JÖÏO@Ñ¨C_»∞ =∂ Ñ¨@¡<Õ WÖÏ
Ñ¨HáΔõ ê`«O`À =º=Ç¨ÏiOK«_O» ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ?, Jx ã¨Ê+Öì QÍ „Ñ¨É∞íè `åfixfl, <åºÜ«∞=¸~°∞ÅÎ #∞
„Ñ¨tflOKå~°∞. (*Ï˝Ñ¨HõO KÕã¨∞HÀO_ç.. ó ¿Ñl 41)
JëêÊùMò „Ñ¨Hõ\ Õz# Jaè„áêÜ«∂<Õfl aã≤‡Öò ‰õÄ_® `«# P`«‡Hõ^äŒ z=~À¡, ÉèÏ~°`«
„Ñ¨[Ö’¡ JkèHõ ãÖMÏº‰õΩÅ∞ =∞Oz q^•º=O`«∞Å∞ HÍ#O`«=~°‰õΩ Lz`å#∞z`åÖËq∞\’
"åà◊§‰õΩ É’^èŒÑ¨_»_»O [~°QÆ#O`«=~°‰õΩ, g∞~°∞ á⁄~°ÉÏ@∞# ‰õÄ_® U q^èŒ"≥∞ÿ# qÑ¨¡=Hõ~°
‰õΩ„@ÅÖ’ áêÖÁæ#HõO_ç. ^Õâ◊¿ã= KÕÜ«∂Å<Õ HÀiHõ LO>Ë |Ç≤Ï~°OQÆ L^Œº=∂Å ^•fi~å
Ü«∞^è•â◊H˜Î Ñ¨xKÕÜ«∞O_ç. ÖËx Ñ¨HõΔOÖ’ g∞ |e^•<åÅ∞ x~°∞Ñ¨Ü≥∂QÆ=∞=Ù`å~Ú. W`«~°
q^è•Å∞QÍ<≥·`Õ ~ÚO`«HõO>Ë ÃÇÏK«∞ÛQÍ ^Õâ◊¿ã= KÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û. JO^Œ∞=Å¡ LÑ¨Ü≥∂QÆO
66
‰õÄ_® JkèHõOQÍ =ÙO@∞Ok. Ñïã≤÷`«∞Å∞ J#∞‰õÄÅOQÍ =ÙO_»HõáÈ=_»O =Å¡
~Ú@∞=O\˜ qÑ¨¡=Hõ~° L^Œº=∂ÅÖ’ Ñ¨_Õ „â◊=∞O`å `«~°K«∂ =$^è•QÍ áÈ`«∂O@∞Ok.
q∂Ô~=i HÀãÖ áê@∞Ñ¨_»∞`«∞<åfl~À "åàı§ q∞=∞‡efl <å<å =∂@ÅO\Ï~°∞.
z=iH˜ =∞#ã¨∞û Ö’Ñ¨ÖË ‰õΩq∞e „áê}`åºQÆO KÕÜ«∂eû =ã¨∞ÎOk..Uk KÕã≤<å JO`å
HõÅã≤ KÕÜ«∞O_ç. KÕ¿ã^ŒO`å ^Õâ◊ ˆHΔ=∞O HÀã¨"Õ∞ KÕÜ«∞O_ç. nx =Å¡ JO^ŒiH˜ "Õ∞Å∞
HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞O^Œ<Õ <Õ#∞ ^Õâ◊ „Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ q#flqOK«∞‰õΩx "åiH˜ z=~°QÍ ã¨q#Ü«∞OQÍ
HÀ~°∞ ‰õΩ<Õk., Jx „j aã≤‡Öò `«# Jaè„áêÜ«∂xfl KåÖÏ qã¨Ê+¨ìOQÍ „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå~°∞.
(aã≤‡Öò P`«‡Hõ^èŒ ó 139)
„Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi Y*Ï<å#∞ ^ÀK«∞HÀ"åÅx qÑ¨¡= ã¨Ç¨ÏK«~°∞Å∞, x~°‚~ÚOz#Ñ¨C_»∞
JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ P „Ñüáê^Œ##∞ =ºuˆ~HÕKå~°∞. D Ü«∂HõΔ<£ =Å# qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∂xH˜
f~°x #+¨ìO [~°QÆQÆÅ^Œx ÃÇÏK«ÛiOKå~°∞. `˘Å∞`« =∞#O „Ñ¨[Å#∞ ÃÑ^ŒÌ ãÖYºÖ’
ÉèÏQÆ™êfi=ÚÅ#∞ KÕã≤ qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∂xfl |Ö’¿Ñ`«O KÕ^•Ì=∞x PÜ«∞# ã¨∂zOKå~°∞.
„Ñ¨[Å ÉèÏQÆ™êfi=∞ºO ÖË‰õΩO_®, Ñ¨k=∞Ok ™êÜ«Ú^èŒ∞Öˇ· áÈ~å\ÏÅ∞ KÕã≤#O`« =∂„`å#
Ñ¶ë`«O LO_»^Œx PÜ«∞# KÕã≤# ÃÇÏK«ÛiHõ#∞ Z=fi~°∂ MÏ`«~°∞KÕÜ«∞ÖË^Œ∞. z=~°‰õΩ D
K«~°º Ñ¶ë`«OQÍ<Õ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO q~°∞K«∞‰õΩÑ¨_ç qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å#∞ `«∞^Œ=Ú\˜ìOz.
qÑ¨¡"À^Œº=∂xH˜ f~°x #+¨ìO HõeyOzOk.
+¨Ç‘Ï^£–ÜÕ∞–P[O JëêÊùMò
JëêÊùMò Z^Œ∞~°∞ K«∂ã¨∞Î#fl 1927 _çÃãO|~°∞ 19= `Õn =KÕÛã≤Ok. PÜ«∞#
PtOz# ÃÑo§ ~ÀA ~å<Õ =zÛOk. P ~ÀA ‰õÄ_® ZÑ¨Ê\˜ÖÏˆQ „áê`«óHÍÖÏ#
PÜ«∞# x„^ŒÖËKå~°∞. ™êfl#áê<å^Œ∞Å∞ =ÚyOKå~°∞. â◊√„Éèí"≥∞ÿ# |@ìÅ∞ ^èŒiOKå~°∞.
Ñ¶[¨ ~ü #=∂*ò J^• KÕâß~°∞. „Ñ¨âßO`«OQÍ Y∞~å<£ „QÆO^äŒ Ñ¨~#°î OÖ’ =ÚxyáÈÜ«∂~°∞.
=∞$`«∞º=Ù#∞ PÇ¨fixã¨∂Î =∂`«$Éèí∂q∞ q=ÚH˜Î áÈ~å@ Ü«∞[˝OÖ’ `å<˘Hõ ã¨q∞^èŒ
HÍ#∞#flO^Œ∞# ZO`À P#Okã¨∂Î, *ˇ·Å∞ JkèHÍ~°∞Å ~åHõ HÀãÖ Z^Œ∞~°∞K«∂_»™êQÍ~°∞.
LitHõΔ U~åÊ@∞¡ Ñ¨ÓiÎ KÕã≤# *ˇ·Å∞ JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ JëêÊùMò ÃãÖò =^ŒÌ‰õΩ =KåÛ~°∞.
P JkèHÍ~°∞Å#∞ z~°∞#=Ùfi`À Ñ¨ÅHõiã¨∂Î U~åÊ@∞¡ Ñ¨Ó~°ÎÜ«∂ºÜ«∂? J<åfl~°∞. P
„Ñ¨â◊fl‰õΩ JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ K«eOzáÈÜ«∂~°∞. =∂ `«Ñ¨CÅ∞O>Ë =∞xflOK«O_ç Px JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞
q[˝ÑÎ≤ KÕâß~°∞. „Ñ¨É∞íè `åfikèHÍ~°∞Å∞QÍ, L^ÀºQÆ∞Å∞QÍ q∂~°∞ KÕÜ∂« eûOk q∂~°∞ KÕâß~°∞.
67
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
q∂ `«Ñ¨C U=ÚO^Œx PÜ«∞# #=Ùfi`«∂ J<åfl~°∞. JëêÊùMò <À@ "≥O@ P =∂@Å∞
"≥Å∞=_»QÍ<Õ, JkèHÍ~°∞Å HõO@ Hõhfl~°∞aHÕk.JëêÊùMò L#fl Ñ¨à◊OQÍ ÖËz xÅ|_®¤~°∞.
<Õ#∞ `«Ü«∂~°∞QÍ L<åfl#∞ JO@∂ Y∞~å<£ „QÆO^ä•xfl Éèí∞*ÏxH˜ "ÕÖÏ_»nã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ "≥O@ ~åQÍ ÅÉˇ·ƒH± Ñ¨Å∞‰õΩ`«∂ Li "ÕkHõ =^ŒÌ‰õΩ |Ü«∞Å∞^Õ~å~°∞.
P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ ZÖÏ L<åfl~°#fl q+¨Ü∂« xfl ã¨~åÌ~ü ÉèQí `Æ ãü O≤ Q∑
q=iã¨∂Î, ..''‰õΩ~å<≥ +¨sÑ¶π Hõ\ ˜ì LOz# z#fl ãÖzx "ÕÖÏ_»nã¨∞‰õΩx Ç¨rÖÏQÍ
áê~åÜ«∞}O KÕã¨∂Î ZO`À ^è≥·~°ºOQÍ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ #_çKå_»∞. =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ #_çz Li
HõO|OÃÑ#· `å_»∞#∞ =Ú^Œ∞ÃÌ Ñ@∞ì‰Ωõ <åfl_»∞. Li "ÕkHõ=^ŒÌ `«#‰õΩ Z^Œ∞~°∞QÍ L#fl =º‰õΩÅÎ #∞
L^ÕÌtOz, <Õ#∞ Z=i ~°HõÎO`À#∂ <å KÕ`«∞Å∞ Hõà◊OH˜`«O KÕã¨∞HÀÖË^Œ∞. <å qKå~°}
^Õ=Ùx =ÚO^Œ∞ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. <åÃÑ· "≥∂Ñ≤# <Õ~åÅhfl J|^•úÅ∞, Jx JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡
MÏ<£ J<åfl~°∞—— Jx ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. (*Ï˝Ñ¨HõO KÕã¨∞HÀO_ç..: ¿Ñl. 40–41)
LitHõΔ J=∞ÅÜÕ∞ºO`« =~°‰õΩ PÜ«∞# z~°∞#=Ùfi`À L<åfl~°∞. =∂`«$^Õâßxfl
ÉÏxã¨|O^èŒ<åÅ #∞O_ç q=ÚHõÎO KÕÜ«∂Å#fl PÜ«∞# ^Œ$_è»ãÖHõÅÊOÖ’ z=i =~°‰õΩ
U=∂„`«O ã¨_»eOÑ¨ÙÖË^Œ∞. z=~°‰õΩ LiHõO|O ZH˜¯<åHõ, Li„`å_»∞ ayOK«É’`«∞#fl
ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ ‰õÄ_®, <å =∂`«$Éèí∂q∞x q=ÚHõÎO KÕÜ«∂Å#∞‰õΩ<åfl#∞. D „Ñ¨Ü«∞`«flO
<å rq`«O JO`«O HÍ=@O`À ã¨=∞ã≤áÈ^Œ∞, Jx PÜ«∞# „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå~°∞.
(Just before the noose was put round his neck, he said, " I tried
to make India Free, and the attempt will not end with my life ",. -The
History and Culture of The Indian People Vol. XI,(Struggle for Freedom)
Edited by RC Majumdar, Bharathiya Vidya Bhavan, Bombay, 1969, Page
546).
D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ PÜ«∞# Hõq`«Å∞ ‰õÄ_® JÖÏ¡~°∞. P Hõq`«Ö’¡, <å Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂™ê÷<£‰õΩ
¿ãfiK«Ûù Åaèã∞¨ OÎ k K«∂_»O_ç. KåÖÏ `«fi~°Ö’<Õ ÉÏxã¨`fi« Ñ¨Ù ãÖHÔ à◊√¡ `≥yáÈ`å~Ú (|Ç¨ï`ü
ã‘ [ÖòÌ @∂>ËOy QÆ∞ÖÏq∞H˜ [Orˆ~. H˜ã‘ k<£ ^ÕY<å P*Ï^£ U Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂™ê÷<£ Ç¨ÏŸy)
Jx `«# „Ñ¨QÍ_è» HÍOHõΔ =ºHõÎO KÕ™ê~°∞.
Li"ÕkHõ q∂^Œ #∞O_ç Li`å_»∞#∞ Q“~°=OQÍ ã‘fiHõiOKå~°∞. P Li„`å_»∞
"≥∞_»Ö’ Ñ¨_®¤Hõ, ^≥·= <å=∞ã¨‡~°} „áê~°OaèOKå~°∞. Li`å_»∞#∞ =Ú^Œ∞Ì ÃÑ@∞ì‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
Z^Œ∞~°∞QÍ xÅ∞K«∞#fl =º‰õΩÎÅ#∞ L^ÕÌtOz =∂\Ï¡_»∞`«∂ <å KÕ`«∞Å∞ Z=i ~°HõÎO`À
68
=∞e#O HÍÖË^Œ∞. <å q∂^Œ KÕã≤# J~ÀÑ¨}Å∞ J|^ŒÌO. ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞_»∞ <åHõHõ¯_»
<åºÜ«∞O KÕ™êÎ_»∞. JO@∂ LitHõΔ J=∞Å∞‰õΩ ã≤^Œú=∞Ü«∂º~°∞.
JkèHÍ~°∞Å #∞O_ç `«ÖÏiH˜ ãÖ[˝ JO^ŒQÍ<Õ LitHõΔ J=∞Å∞ [iyOk.
Li`å_»∞ JëêÊùMò "≥∞_»‰õΩ aQÆ∞ã¨∞‰õΩOk. Éèí~°`«=∂`« =Ú^Œ∞Ìa_»Ì „áê}ÏÅ∞
J#O`«"åÜ«Ú=ÙÅÖ’ Hõeã≤ áÈÜ«∂~Ú. =∂`«$Éèí∂q∞ HÀãÖ =∞~°}Ïxfl P#O^ŒOQÍ
PÇ¨ÏfixOz# qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞_»∞ Jëê¬Mò `å#∞ Ñ¨Ù\˜ì# QÆ_»¤ Ñ¨@¡ QÆÅ „¿Ñ=∂aè=∂<åÅ#∞
=ºHõOÎ KÕã∂¨ ,Î `«##∞ =∞\˜ì KÕ¿ã@Ñ¨C_»∞ `«# HõÑ<¨¶ £ Ö’ (=∞`«∞$Å#∞ ã¨=∂kè KÕ¿ãO^Œ∞‰õΩ
=Úã≤¡OÅ∞ Éè∫uHõHÍÜ«∂xfl K«∞\˜ì LOKÕ ^èŒ=à◊ =„ã¨ÎO) =∂`«$Éèí∂q∞ =∞\˜ìx LOK«∞=∞x
Hõq`å`«‡HõOQÍ `«# HÀÔ~¯#∞ „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå~°∞. JOu=∞Ü«∂„`«Ö’ ‰õÄ_® [#‡ã¨÷ÖÏxH˜
^Œ∂~°O HÍ=_®xH˜ W+¨ìÑ¨_»x JëêÊùH± Ñ¨Ù\˜ì ÃÑiy# Ti =∞\˜ì`À, P =∞\˜ìÖ’
HõÅã≤áÈ"åÅ#fl „Ñ¨QÍ_è» HÍOHõΔ#∞ =ºHõÎO KÕâß~°∞. P Hõq`« WÖÏ ™êyOk.
<åˆH HÀiHÍ ÖË^Œ∞. L#fl^ŒÖÏ¡ XHõ¯>Ë HÀiHõ. Z=Ô~·<å <å â◊==„ã¨ÎO q∂^Œ
<Õ#∞ Ñ¨Ù\˜ì# QÆ_»¤ =∞\˜ì LOKåÅx `«Ñ¨Ê. ( ‰õΩKü P~°∂˚ #Ç‘Ïñ ÃÇ·Ï, ÃÇ·Ï P~°∂˚`À Ü«∞ÇπÏ
ÃÇ·Ï,– ~°Mò ^˘ HÀ~¸ [~å ã‘ MÏ<Õ =`«# HõÑ¶¨<£ "Õ∞ñ)
JëêÊùMò#∞ Lif¿ã ~ÀA# ÃÑ¶·*ÏÉÏ^£‰õΩ „Ñ¨*ÏhHõO `«~°e=KåÛ~°∞. Li
HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞O *ˇ·Å∞Ö’ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞O^Œ_»QÍ, Éèí~°`«=∂`« =Ú^Œ∞Ìa_»¤ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£‰õΩ
*’Ç¨~°∞¡ Ñ¨Å∞‰õΩ`«∂, *ˇ·Å∞ Ñïã¨~° „áêO`åÅ<Õ HÍ‰õΩO_®, ÃÑ¶·*ÏÉÏ^£ Ñ¨@ì}=∞O`å
x<å^•Å`À „Ñü^èŒfixOÑ¨*Ë™ê~°∞. LitHõΔ J=∞Å∞ KÕã≤# `«~åfi`« PÜ«∞# |O^èŒ∞=ÙÅ∞
JëêÊùMò Éè∫uHõHÍÜ«∂xfl PÜ«∞# ã¨fiã¨÷Å"≥∞ÿ# ëê[Ç¨<£Ñ¨Ó~ü‰õΩ fã¨∞‰õΩ"≥àÏ¡~°∞.
J=∞~° g~°∞x JO`«º„H˜Ü«∞Å∞

P ~ÀAÖ’¡ qÑ¨=¡ HÍ~°∞ÅO>Ë „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO ZO`«QÍ cèue¡O^ŒO>Ë, LitHõΔ qkèOKåHõ
‰õÄ_® P P=∞~° g~°∞Å Éè∫uHÍÜ«∂Å#∞ ãÖ|Okè`∞« Å Ñ¨~O° KÕ¿ãkHÍ^Œ∞. P HÍ~°}OQÍ
JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ `«# ‰õΩ@∞Oc‰õΩÅ‰õΩ ~åã≤# ÖËYÖ’ <å Éè∫uHõHÍÜ«∂xfl JOk™êÎ~À ÖË^À
J#fl J#∞=∂#O =ºHõÎO KÕâß~°∞. P q+¨Ü«∂xfl „Ñ¨™êÎqã¨∂Î, <å Éè∫uHõHÍÜ«∂xfl
q∂‰õΩ JO^ŒK™Õ êÎ~À ÖË^À <å‰õΩ `≥eÜ«∞^Œ∞. „áê}O áÈÜ«∂Hõ â◊s~°O =∞\˜kì |ƒ =∂„`«"∞Õ ,
Jx JëêÊùMò „Ñ¨Hõ\ ˜ã¨∂Î, `«# |O^èŒ∞q∞„`«∞Å#∞ =ÚO^Œã¨∞ÎQÍ ã¨=Ú^•~ÚOKå~°∞. D
~°HõOQÍ K«∂¿ãÎ JëêÊùMò =∞~°}Ïxfl KåÖÏ `ÕeQÍæ fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl@∞ì `≥Å∞ã¨∞ÎOk.
69
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ LitHõΔ‰õΩ ãïQÍæ =ÚO^Œ∞~ÀA# J#QÍ _çÃãO|~ü 18=

`Õn# „Ñ¨`åÑπ Ñ¨„uHõ ãÖáê^Œ‰õΩÅ∞ QÆ}Ë+π â◊OHõ~ü q^•ºi÷H˜ XHõ >ˇe„QÍO ÑÖáê~°∞. P
>ˇe„QÍOÖ’, _çÃãO|~ü 19 =∞^è•ºÇ¨ÏflO Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@Å‰õΩ ##∞fl ÖHÀfl Ô~·ÖËfi ¿ãì+¨<£Ö’
HõÅ=O_ç. g∞~°∞ ##∞fl z=i™êiQÍ HõÅ∞™êÎ~x° Pt™êÎ#∞., Jx HÀ~å~°∞. P „Ñ¨HÍ~°OQÍ
N q^•ºi÷ `˘q∞‡k =∞Ok q∞„`«∞efl fã¨∞‰õΩx P ~ÀA# ÅHÀfl ¿ãì+¨<£‰õΩ "≥àÏ§~°∞.
J=∞~° Ü≥∂^èŒ∞_»∞ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ Éè∫uHÍÜ«∂xfl fã¨∞H˘zÛ# Ô~·Å∞ ÅHÀfl
¿ãì+¨<£ KÕ~°∞‰õΩOk. JëêÊMò Éè∫uHõHÍÜ«∞O F Ô~·Å∞ HõOáê~°∞ì"≥∞O@∞Ö’ LOK«|_ç LOk.
P HõOáê~üì"≥∞O\òÖ’H˜ N q^•ºi÷ `«k`«~°∞Å∞ ZH˜¯ JëêÊùMò Éè∫uHõHÍÜ«∞O q∂^Œ L#fl
=„™êÎxfl `˘eyOKå~°∞. PÜ«∞# =ÚYO „Ñ¨âßO`«OQÍ, Hõà◊QÍ LOk. PÜ«∞##∞ Lifã≤
Ñ¨kQÆO@Öˇ·<å =ÚYO Hõà◊QÍ<Õ LOk. PÜ«∞# QÆ_»¤O ÉÏQÍ ÃÑiy LOk. PÜ«∞#
â◊s~°O â◊√„ÉèíOQÍ LOk. PÜ«∞# Li`å„_»∞#∞ z~°∞#=Ùfi`À ã‘fiHõiOz# HÍ~°}OQÍ
HÍÉ’Å∞ PÜ«∞# =ÚYOÖ’ z~°∞#=ÙfiÅ∞ L\˜ìÑ¨_»∞`«∞<åfl~Ú. PÜ«∞# „Ñ¨âßO`«OQÍ
x„^ŒáÈ`«∞#fl@∞ì, =ÚYO q∂^Œ ZO`À „Ñ¨âßO`«`« <≥ÅH˘x LOk. Wk JOu=∞ x„^Œ.
J#O`«"≥∞ÿ# x„^Œ. =∞Ô~#fl_»∂ "Õ∞ÖÁ¯#x ã¨∞n~°… x„^ŒÖ’ PÜ«∞# L<åfl~å? JxÑ≤OKÕÖÏ
LOk.
Já¶êÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ Éè∫uHõHÍÜ«∂xfl ëê[Ç¨<£Ñ¨Ó~ü fã¨∞‰õΩ "≥àÏ§~°∞. JëêÊùMò
HÀi# q^èŒOQÍ PÜ«∞# Éè∫uHÍÜ«∂xfl ã¨=∂kè KÕ™ê~°∞. JO`«º„H˜Ü«∞Å‰õΩ „Ñ¨[Å∞ ÃÑ^ŒÌ
70
ã¨fi„QÍ=∞O ëê[Ç¨<£Ñ¨Ó~üÖ’ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ ã¨=∂kè

ãÖYºÖ’ Ç¨[~°Ü«∂º~°∞. J=∞~°g~°∞xH˜ JOu=∞ „â◊^•úO[e Ñ¶¨∞\ÕKå~°∞. ^Õâ◊OÖ’x
U_»∞HÀ@¡O =Úã≤¡O =∞`«ã¨∞÷ÅÖ’ ^Õâ◊ ™êfi`«O„`«ºO HÀãÖ LiHõO|O ZH˜¯# "≥Ú@ì
"≥Ú^Œ\ ˜"å_çfl <Õ#∞. P q+¨Ü«∞O `«ÅK«∞‰õΩ#flÑ¨ÙÊ_»O`å <å‰õΩ QÆ~°fiOQÍ LO^Œx,
„Ñ¨Hõ\ Õz# JëêÊùMò#∞ PÜ«∞# Ñ¨Ù\˜ìÃÑiy# =∞\˜ì `«#Ö’ HõÅ∞Ñ¨Ù‰õΩOk.
=∂`«$^Õâ◊O HÀãÖ „áê}ÏÅiÊOK«_»O ZO`À J^Œ$+¨ì=∞x QÆ~°fiÑ¨_ç# JëêÊùMò
`«# W~°"≥· U_Õà◊§ =Ü«∞ã¨∞ûÖ’<Õ =O^Õà◊§ rq`åxfl =ÚyOK«∞‰õΩx =O^ŒÅ Uà◊§ H©iÎx
=¸@QÆ@∞ì‰õΩx J=∞~°Ö’HÍÅ‰õΩ `«~°e"≥o§áÈÜ«∂~°∞.

D „QÆO^äŒO <åÜ«∞‰õΩ_»∞ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂Å‰õΩ ãÖ|O

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P^è•~° „QÆO^ä•Å∞
01. Muslims In India, Naresh Kumar Jain, Manohar, New Delhi, 1979.
02. Freedom Movement and Indian Muslims, Santimoy Ray, PPH, New
Delhi,1983.
03. Who is who Indian Martyrs, Dr PN Chopra, Govt. of India Publications
04. Souvenir, Indian Institute of Objective Studies, New Delhi, 1978.
05. Gnapakam Chesukondi, Eppudina. Amara veerul Uttharaalu (Telugu),
Translation by J.Lakshmi Reddy, Govt. of Indian Publications, New Delhi,
1998.
06. Bismil Athma Kadha, Ramprasad Bismil, Translated by Inguva Malli karjuna
Sarma, Marxist Adhayana Vedika, Hyderabad, 1989.
07. Freedom Movement In India, Dr. Tara Chand, Govt. of India Publications,
New Delhi, 1992.
08. Noorjahan Monthly (English), Aug. 1999, Hyderabad.
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Azad House of Publications, 1999.
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KK Khullar, 2000.
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17. Muslims and India’s Freedom Movement, Shan Muhammad, IOS, New
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18. Struggles for Freedom, RC Majumdar, BVB, Bombay, 1969.
Y
72
+¨Ç‘Ï^£ – ÜÕ∞ – P["£∞ JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£ ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
SHAHEED-E-AZAM ASHFHAQULLA KHAN

Telugu title of this book is SHAHEED-E-AZAM ASHFHAQULLA KHAN.
In this book Life sketch and struggle of Kakori Train Incident Hero Ashfhaqulla Khan with given with some
rare Photos.
This Book contains total 72 Pages of 1/8th Demmy Size with Multi color title published in 2006.
The unsung story of this great martyr was written first time written in Telugu language as a book in the year
2002 with total 32 pages of 1/8th Demmy, Single color title.
We are glad to bring to the notice of our Telugu Readers that SHAHEED-E-AZAM ASHFHAQULLA KHAN is
translated into Urdu as SHAHEED-E-WATAN ASHFHAQULLA KHAN in the year 2010.

Shaheed EAzam Ashfhaqulla Khan

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