Ch.

19 Bioversity
Classification
1)study a large amount of organism in a systematic way
2)identify an organism more easily
3)understand the evolutionary history of organisms

4)make predictions

System of classification
Kingdom(e.g.animalia)
Phylum(e.g.chordata)
Class(e.g.mammalia)
Order(e.g.primates)
Family(e.g.hominidae)
Genus(e.g.homo)
Species(e.g.homo sapiens)
Organisms of the same species can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

Similarity of organisms within groups increasing from kingdom to species

Number of organisms within groups increasing from species to kingdom

Binomial nomenclature(system of naming organisms)

Each organism has a scientific name consists of two parts
1)genus name
begins with a capital letter
2)species name
begins with a small letter

SIx-kingdom system
1)plantae
2)animalia
3)protista
4)fungi
5)bateria
6)archaebacteria

Three domains
1)bacteria
2)archaea
3)eukarya
(bacteria and archaea are both prokaryotes)

Phylogenetic relationships
=the studies of genetic material of organisms
More similar the genetic material between two groups,the closer their phylogenetic relationship
The classification system keeps changing over time when new evidence or different
classification criteria are used by different scientists

Eubacteria(refer to bacteria)
Features:
1)they are very small in size
2)they are unicellular prokaryotes and have no true nucleus
3)they have no membrane-bound organelles
4)they have a cell wall which is made of peptidoglycan.some are enclosed by a capsule
5)some bacteria have a hair-like flagellum for locomotion
6)they have different shape
7)some bacteria can cause diseases,some are producers,some play important roles in the
cycling of materials

Archaebacteria
Features:
1)they are even smaller than bacteria
2)they are unicellular prokaryotes
3)they are more closely related to eukaryotes than bacteria
4)most of them have cell walls(its chemical composition is unique)
5)the lipid that makes up the cell membrane is different from other organisms
6)most of them live in extreme environments

Protista(refer to protists)
Features:
1)they are eukaryotes and most are unicellular
2)they have a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
3)they live mainly in water or inside other organisms

Three main groups of protists

1)Protozoans
they are animal like
2)Algae
they are plant like
3)Slime mould
They are fungus like

Fungi
Features:
1)most of them are multicellular
2)they are made up of hyphae which may interweave to form mycelium,or may even form a
specialized mushroom
3)they have cell walls(are not made of cellulose)
4)they have no chlorophyll
5)they produce spores for reproduction
6)most of them carry out parasitic nutrition and feed on non-living organism or dead organisms