12/11/2019 Material Properties | AEASM1x | edX

This page will list a number of tables with relevant Material and Mechanical Properties for you to use in your design
and calculations. Please let us know via the 'Add Material or Mechanical Properties' - section in the Discussion Board if
you feel there are errors or that you would like to see certain data added. We will endeavour to comply with all
requests where possible.

Table 1: Properties of metals and their alloys

−
−
Metal Alloy E G σy σ ult σ ult /ρ ϵ ν ρ Lult √E /ρ

[GP a] [GP a] [M P a] [M P a] [kN ⋅ m/kg ] [%] [−] [g/cm3 ] [km ] [106 ⋅ mm

7/3
N
2/3
]

Steel AISI 193 71 965 1257 159 40 0.3 8.00 16.2 0.72
301

AISI 205 80 470 745 95 22 0.29 7.85

4340

D6AC 210 84 1724 1931 248 7 0.21 7.87 25.0 0.76

Aluminum AA 72 27 345 483 174 18 0.33 2.78 17.7 1.50

2024-
T3

AA 70 27 448 517 184 12 0.33 2.81 18.7 1.47

7475-
T761

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Titanium Ti6Al- 114 44 880 950 214 14 0.34 4.43 21.8 1.09
4V (5)

Magnesium AZ31B- 45 17 221 290 163 15 0.35 1.78 16.6 2.00

H24

Table 2: Properties of various composites

Fiber Orientation Ex Ey σU x
σU y
Note
Material
∘ ∘ ∘
0 45 90 [kN /mm2 ] [kN /mm2 ] [N /mm2 ] [N /mm2 ]

E-Glass epoxy 100% 0% 0% 45 8 1020 40 Unidirectional

0% 0% 100% 8 45 40 1020 Unidirectional

50% 0% 50% ~26 ~26 ~530 ~530 Cross-ply

25% 50% 25% ~20 ~20 ~325 ~325 Quasi-isotropic

High modulus carbon epoxy 100% 0% 0% 220 10 760 40 Unidirectional

Table 3: Coe cients of thermal expansion for various materials

αy
αx
Material
∘ ∘
[1/ C ] [1/ C ]

Titanium Tu-6Al-4V (Grade 5) 9.2 ⋅ 10

−6
9.2 ⋅ 10
−6

Aluminum 2024-T3 22 ⋅ 10
−6
22 ⋅ 10
−6

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Magnesium AZ31-H24 26 ⋅ 10
−6
26 ⋅ 10
−6

S2-glass epoxy UD-60% 26.2 ⋅ 10

−6
6.1 ⋅ 10
−6

Carbon epoxy UD-60% −0.4 ⋅ 10

−6
27 ⋅ 10
−6

Table 4: Illustration of typical speci c material properties (note: γ = ρg )

Specific modulus Column stability Sheet stability
Material
−
− 3 −
−
E/γ % √E /γ % √E /γ %

Aluminum 2500 108 9.5 62 1.5 52

Steel 2692 100 5.9 100 0.8 100

Spruce 2340 115 22.3 26 4.7 16

Birch 2538 106 19.8 30 3.9 19

Bone 1500 179 9.0 65 1.6 47

Titanium 2622 103 7.8 76 1.1 73

Isotropic carbon composite 3333 81 14.9 40 2.5 32

Isotropic E-glass fibre composite 536 50.2 4.1 116 1.1 73

Isotropic aramid fibre composite 1760 153 11.4 52 2.1 38

Table 5: Comparison of composites and aluminum based on relevant strength values

Material Lay-up E E/ρ σ max σ max /ρ Comment

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∘ ∘ ∘ 3 3
%0 / ± 45 /90 [GP a] [M P a ⋅ m /kg] [M P a] [M P a ⋅ m /kg]

CFRP (T800S) 60 / 30 / 10 103 64 360 0.225 Tail plane shells

CFRP (T800S) 40 / 50 / 10 77 48 270 0.170

CFRP ( T800S) 20 / 70 / 10 50 31 175 0.110 Fuselage side shell

2xxx Al-alloy 72 26 440 0.160

7xxx Al-alloy 72 26 565 0.205

Al-Li alloy 77 29 515 0.195

Table 6: Comparison of critical cracks lengths of various aerospace alloys

Alloy σ 0.2 σ crit KI c acrit

[M P a ] [M P a] [M P a√−
−
m] [mm ]

2024-T3 360 180 40 15.7

7075-T6 470 235 27 4.2

Ti-6Al-4V 1020 510 50 3.1

4340 steel 1600 830 58 1.55

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