2. What factors or events led to this dilemma?

Since the 1920s, the US criminal justice system has used

a proprietary algorithm, a COMPAS to determine their
risk for reoffending and help a judge determine a
sentence based on that risk assessment.
Tools help the courts rely less on subjective intuition and
make evidence-based decisions about who can safely be
released instead of jail time, thus reducing prison
overcrowding and cutting costs.

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