Einstein’s Theory of Special Relativity

The Theory of Special Relativity was created by Albert Einstein in 1905. This theory
is most notably known in physics as ‘the generally accepted and experimentally confirmed
physical theory regarding the relationship between space and time’. Solving this expression
can single-handedly help to prove a cosmic phenomenon. The reason it is called “special” is
because it can only be applied to specific situations where the different frames of reference
(or point of view) are not accelerating. These reference frames are known as inertial reference
frames.
Imagine a flat empty stage as space, where things can move around, and nothing will
affect this stage. Einstein’s theory changed that. He states that space and time make up that
stage together, and it is not all the same everywhere. This allows the space to be warped
around. This theory is what gave way to the wormhole theory, created by Flamm. American
physicist John Wheeler stated, “Space tells matter how to move, and matter tells space how to
curve.” According to Einstein, as an object reaches the speed of light, the mass of the object
will become infinite, thus making it impossible to travel fast than the speed of light. Though
speed multiplied by time gives you distance (𝑣𝑡 = 𝑑), when it comes to light, speed will
always be constant. Thus, will also cause the other two variables (time and distance) to
change. When time changes, it is known as ‘time dilation’. When distance changes, it is
known as ‘length contraction’. These topics will be further explained on page 8.
When it comes to special relativity, there are a few postulates and principles. The first
principle is that the law of physics is the same for every inertial reference frame, and that
nothing will change. The second principle is that the speed of light in a vacuum will always
stay the same for all observers, at roughly 300,000,000 meters per second. Even if there is a
light source from a train approaching you at half the speed of light, the light itself will still
move at 300,000,000 m/s. Scientists have repeatedly tested this and have proven this
statement to be correct.
The first type of wormhole to be theorized was by Einstein and Rosen created what is
now called The Einstein-Rosen Bridges. They describe every black hole as being a portal to
an alternate universe, where unlimited possibilities and outcomes may occur on the other side
of the portal. Rosen reiterated Einstein’s theory and stated that because space can warp if
objects are placed on it. Thus, he created the theory, in which if you compress a celestial
object in space, space-time will get more curved. Eventually, space-time will become so
curved that it has no choice but to collapse into a black hole. After an object passes through a
black hole, it will meet with its event horizon, and be trapped in its singularity eternally.
However, Rosen postulated, with the help of Einstein’s theory, that instead of being trapped
in the black hole’s singularity, the black hole would transport you to an alternate dimension,
where Stephen Hawking states that there are infinite outcomes of alternate parallel universes.

Figure 1: Einstein and Rosen’s equation proving the existence of wormholes

Figure 2: Schwarzschild’s equation (known as Schwarzschild’s Radius)

In Figure 1, we see Einstein and Rosen’s Equation that prove the existence of
wormholes in the vast expansion of space-time. In this mathematical instance, Rosen utilized
coordinate transformation on the Schwarzschild equation (Figure 2), a Cartesian coordinate
system that allowed Rosen to represent position and direction in space, by rotating the
coordinate axes. This enabled them to remove the area in which the curvature singularity of a
black hole was contained. This created the solution that mathematically represents
wormholes as two flat sheets of space, connected by a bridge. That bridge is a wormhole.
Schwarzschild’s radius states the maximum radius of an object after the limit of its
compression to the point where its density would be so great, forcing the gravitational pull to
increase greatly to a point that all the mass of the object collapses in on itself to an
infinitesimally small point (known as the singularity). The force of gravity would be so
massive that not even light cannot escape from the object, hence the name, “black” hole. The
radius is known as Schwarzschild’s radius, represented in his equation as RSch. In Figure 2,
we can see the equation, where G represents the gravitational constant, M represents the
object’s mass and c is the speed of light. An example of this, would be if you were to
compress McDonalds™’ Big Mac to an object of a radius of 3.19x10-28 meters. it would
collapse into a black hole.
 These entire equations, utilizing Rosen’s equation and Schwarzschild’s radius creates
what is the theory of wormholes, a part of the great vast of equations of Einstein’s theory of
special relativity.