DOC.

9157 PART 2
Chapter 3
APRONS
3.2 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Efficiency
3.2.3 Apron design should contribute to a high degree of efficiency for aircraft movements and dispensing apron
services. Freedom of movement, minimum taxi distances and a minimum of delay for aircraft initiating movements
on the apron are all measures of efficiency for any of the apron types.
If the ultimate aircraft stand arrangement can be determined during the initial planning phase of the aerodrome,
utilities and services should be installed in fixed installations.
Fuel lines and hydrants, compressed air hookups and electrical power systems must be carefully
preplanned because these systems are often placed under the apron pavement. The high initial cost of these
systems will be offset by the increased efficiency of the stand, which allows greater utilization of the apron.
Achieving these measures of efficiency will ensure the maximum economic value of the apron.

Flexibility
3.2.5 Planning for aprons should include an evaluation of the following flexibility characteristics.
Range of aircraft sizes

3.2.5.1 The number and size of aircraft stands should be matched to the number and size of aircraft types
expected to use the apron. A compromise must be developed between the extremes of:
a) using one size of aircraft stand large enough for the largest aircraft type; and
b) using as many different sized stands as there are aircraft types.

The first method is a highly inefficient use of area, while the second provides a low level of operating flexibility.
For passenger terminal aprons, a compromise solution that achieves adequate flexibility is to group the aircraft
into two to four size classes and provide stands for a mix of these general sizes in proportion to the demand
forecast. A greater number of general aviation parking space sizes can be used because the space may be
leased and occupied by a single aircraft of known dimensions.

KP 40 TAHUN 2015
STANDAR TEKNIS DAN OPERASI
PERATURAN KESELAMATAN PENERBANGAN SIPIL – BAGIAN 139
(MANUAL OF STANDARD CASR – PART 139)
VOLUME II TEMPAT PENDARATAN DAN LEPAS LANDAS HELIKOPTER (HELIPORTS)

KP 39 TAHUN 2015
STANDAR TEKNIS DAN OPERASI
PERATURAN KESELAMATAN PENERBANGAN SIPIL – BAGIAN 139
(MANUAL OF STANDARD CASR – PART 139)
VOLUME I BANDAR UDARA (AERODROMES)

Annex 14
CHAPTER 3. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
3.1.5Helicopter stands
CHAPTER 5. VISUAL AIDS
5.2.17 Helicopter stand marking

Application
5.2.17.1 A helicopter stand perimeter marking shall be provided on a helicopter stand designed for turning. If a
helicopter stand perimeter marking is not practicable, a central zone perimeter marking shall be provided instead
if the
perimeter of the central zone is not self-evident.
5.2.17.2 For a helicopter stand intended to be used for taxi-through and which does not allow the helicopter to
turn, a
stop line shall be provided.
5.2.17.3 Recommendation.— Alignment lines and lead-in/lead-out lines should be provided on a helicopter
stand.
Note 1.— See Figure 5-8.
Note 2.— Helicopter stand identification markings may be provided where there is a need to identify individual
stands.
Note 3.— Additional markings relating to stand size may be provided. See the Heliport Manual (Doc 9261).
Location
5.2.17.4 A helicopter stand perimeter marking on a helicopter stand designed for turning or, a central zone
perimeter
marking, shall be concentric with the central zone of the stand.
5.2.17.5 For a helicopter stand intended to be used for taxi-through and which does not allow the helicopter to
turn, a
stop line shall be located on the helicopter ground taxiway axis at right angles to the centre line.
5.2.17.6 Alignment lines and lead-in/lead-out lines shall be located as shown in Figure 5-8.

Characteristics
5.2.17.7 A helicopter stand perimeter marking shall be a yellow circle and have a line width of 15 cm.
5.2.17.8 A central zone perimeter marking shall be a yellow circle and have a line width of 15 cm, except when
the
TLOF is collocated with a helicopter stand, the characteristics of the TLOF perimeter markings shall apply.
5.2.17.9 For a helicopter stand intended to be used for taxi-through and which does not allow the helicopter to
turn, a
yellow stop line shall not be less than the width of the helicopter ground taxiway and have a line thickness of 50
cm.

Characteristics
5.2.17.7 A helicopter stand perimeter marking shall be a yellow circle and have a line width of 15 cm.
5.2.17.8 A central zone perimeter marking shall be a yellow circle and have a line width of 15 cm, except when
the
TLOF is collocated with a helicopter stand, the characteristics of the TLOF perimeter markings shall apply.
5.2.17.9 For a helicopter stand intended to be used for taxi-through and which does not allow the helicopter to
turn, a
yellow stop line shall not be less than the width of the helicopter ground taxiway and have a line thickness of 50
cm.

Chapter 5 Annex 14 — Aerodromes

5-19 14/11/13
5.2.17.10 Alignment lines and lead-in/lead-out lines shall be continuous yellow lines and have a width of 15 cm.
5.2.17.11 Curved portions of alignment lines and lead-in/lead-out lines shall have radii appropriate to the most
demanding helicopter type the helicopter stand is intended to serve.
5.2.17.12 Stand identification markings shall be marked in a contrasting colour so as to be easily readable.
Note 1.— Where it is intended that helicopters proceed in one direction only, arrows indicating the direction to
be
followed may be added as part of the alignment lines.
Note 2.— The characteristics of markings related to the stand size and alignment and lead-in/lead-out lines are
illustrated in Figure 5-8.
5.2.18