1.

𝐾𝑡 = 𝐾𝑡−1 − 𝑆𝐾𝑡−1 + 𝑃𝐾𝑡−1

𝑡 𝑡

∆𝑥
2. 𝐶0 = −
∆𝑦

𝑀
3. 𝑃̅ = 𝑉̅ ∙ = 𝐾∙𝑀
𝑄

4. 𝑈𝑎 (𝑃1 ) ≡ 𝑈𝑎 (𝑃2 ) ≡ 𝑈𝑎 (𝑃3 ) ≡ 𝑈𝑎 (𝑃4 )

5. ∆𝑄 ∙ 𝑈𝑚𝑔𝑥 = |−∆𝑄𝑦 ∙ 𝑈𝑚𝑔𝑦 |

𝑊𝑗 𝑃𝑥 + 𝑍𝑗 𝑃𝑦 ≤ 𝑅
6. { 𝑅 𝑃𝑥
𝑍𝑦 = − ∙ 𝑊𝑥
𝑃𝑦 𝑃𝑦

∑𝑄
7. ̅̅̅̅
𝑊𝐿 = ∑𝐿

8. 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑆0 (1 + 𝑑′ )𝑛 − 𝑆0
𝑃𝐼𝐵1𝑃.𝑐𝑟𝑡
9. 𝐷(𝑃𝐼𝐵) = 𝑃.𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝
𝑃𝐼𝐵1
10. 𝜆 = 𝜆(𝐼)
𝑇𝑎𝐶 = 𝑁𝑎𝐶 − 𝑅𝑎𝐶
11. [ 𝑉
𝑇𝑎 = 𝑁𝑎𝑉 − 𝑅𝑎𝑉

12. 𝐸 = 𝑉̅ ∙ 𝐷
̅ − (𝑐 ′ ∙ 𝑉𝐷 + 𝐶0 ) > 0
13. 𝐶 = 𝐶𝑎 + 𝛽 + 𝑐 " ∙ 𝑉𝑁

𝐶 = 𝑐 ∙ 𝑌𝑃 = 𝑐 ∙ 𝑐𝛿 (𝑌1 −𝑌0 )
14. [
𝐶 = 𝑐𝛿𝑌1 + 𝑐(1 − 𝛿 )𝑌0
∆𝑉𝐷
𝐾=
∆𝑉𝐷−∆𝐶
1
15. 𝐾= ∆𝐶
1−
∆𝑉𝐷
1
{∆𝑉𝐷 = (1−𝑐 ′ ) × ∆𝐼
∑𝑛 𝑞𝑙𝑖 𝑃𝑙𝑖
16. 𝐼𝑃𝐶 = ∑𝑛𝑖=1
𝑖=1 𝑞𝑙𝑖 𝑃0𝑖
17. 𝜋̃ = 𝑠̃ − 𝑤
̃𝐿
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑏𝑥 (𝑛−1) +. . . +𝑚𝑥 + 𝑛

18. 𝑦 ′ = 𝑎𝑛𝑥 (𝑛−1) + 𝑏(𝑛 − 1)𝑥 (𝑛−2) +. . . +𝑗𝑥 + 𝑚

𝑦 ′′ = 𝑎𝑛(𝑛 − 1)𝑥 (𝑛−2) + 𝑏(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2)𝑥 (𝑛−3) +. . . +𝑖𝑥 + 𝑗

19. ↑ 𝑃𝑥 →↓ 𝑄𝑥//↓ 𝑃𝑥 →↑ 𝑄𝑥
2
∑(𝑥−𝑥𝑚) 𝑡∙𝑠
20. 𝑆 = √ , 𝑆𝛽 =
𝑛 √𝑛−1

p
21.∑n𝑖=1 ∑m
j=1 ∑K=p q ijK ∙ t ijK

𝑞𝑗
22. 𝑦𝑗 = ∑𝑚
𝑗=1 𝑞𝑗

23. 𝑃𝑔𝑡 = 𝑃𝑓𝐿 + (𝑃𝑓2 − 𝑃𝑓1 ) + 𝑆𝐿 + (𝑁2 − 𝑁1 ) + (𝑀2 − 𝑀1 ) +

(𝑆2 − 𝑆1 ) + 𝐿𝑡 + 𝐿𝐶𝑆 + 𝑅 + 𝑎 + 𝑉𝑝𝑚𝑐 + 𝑉𝑚𝑐

𝑦𝑗 𝑦𝑗1 ∙∑𝑚
𝑗=1 𝑞𝑗1
24. 𝑖 𝑞𝑗 = → 𝑖𝑦𝑗
𝑦𝑗0 ∙∑𝑚
𝑗=1 𝑞𝑗1

𝑦𝑗 ∑ 𝑞𝑗
25. ∆𝑞𝑗 = ∆𝑞𝑗 + ∆𝑞𝑗 = 𝑦𝑗1 ∙ ∑𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
𝑗=1 𝑞𝑗1 − 𝑦𝑗0 ∙ ∑𝑗=1 𝑞𝑗1 + 𝑦𝑗0 ∙ ∑𝑗=1 𝑞𝑗1 −

𝑦𝑗0 ∙ ∑𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
𝑗=1 𝑞𝑗0 = 𝑦𝑗1 ∙ ∑𝑗=1 𝑞𝑗1 − 𝑦𝑗0 ∙ ∑𝑗=1 𝑞𝑗0 = ∆𝑞𝑗

26. 𝑅 ∆∑ 𝑞
𝑗
∑ 𝑞𝑗 =(𝐼∑ 𝑞 −1)∙100=∑ ∙100
𝑗 𝑞𝑗
0

𝑦
∆𝑞𝑖𝑗𝑖 𝑘𝑖
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝑦
∆𝑞𝑖𝑗𝑖 𝑘𝑖
27. ∆𝑞𝑖𝑗 𝑘𝑖 = 𝑞𝑖𝑗1 𝑘𝑖 −𝑞𝑖𝑗0 𝑘𝑖 =⊕
∑ ∑ 𝑞𝑖𝑗 𝑘𝑖
{∆𝑞𝑖𝑗 𝑘𝑖