4 Aviation ENGLISH ea ea UL att FA Ca TTIAEN@ Aviation ENGLISH Fer ICAO compliance Henry Emery & Andy Roberts with Ruth Goodman and Louis Harrison BA MACMILLAN| INTRODUCTION This cours Is for aviation professionals — particularly pilots anc i-traffic controllers — who wish to reach and maintain level 4 red by the ICAO Language Profil pages vi and vil). The course aims to increase confidence in skills described in the ICAO level 4 language profile. These are the skills needed fo succeed in any Level 4 assessment and also to function effectively in an aviation environment (operational) as me descriptors communication and develops the very specific This course does not aim to teach the phraseology that aviation professionals need but it is included to provide a context for the plain English needed for communication between pilots and ait-traffic controllers, and between pilots and pilots. The main focus is on the language needed to communicate in non-routine and / or emergency situations during flight operations. The Student's Book contains the material for the course in the form of reading and listening texts. The main purpose of this is to present new vocabulary and to provide a context for the exercises and language functions. There are lots of pair-work and group-work activities for speaking practice for the benefit of students using the course in a classroom situation The course is intended both for independent study and for cl use. The CD-ROM supports the student's book with interactive language room and pronunciation exercises, simulations in which the student can participate, and all the audio files from the Student's Book. The Teacher's Book contains extra support and ideas that can be used to supplement tho material contained in this Student's Book.ee Each of the 12 units in the Student's Book is civided into four two-page sections. Section 1 is based on a reading text and provides an introduction to the main theme of the unit Section 2 |s based on a listening text or texts and provides sustained listening and pronunciation practice work Section 3 is based on an emergency of non-routine flight operation scenario. It always contains a listening toxt or toxts involving a radio telephony exchange with a mixture of phraseology and plain English. Section 4 isan extension section which includes further practice, consolidation and extension of language taught within the unit The interactive CD-ROM complements the material in the Student's Book by providing intoractive simulations, detailed pronunciation and extra listening, The CD-ROM material is split into 12 units which match those of the Student's Book. It has two sections, Section 1 contains further practi ‘on pronunciation and listening Section 2 contains animated interactive sequences in which students are encouraged touse the language taught in the corresponding unit of the book. Students can compare their own speech with model responses and take the role of characters in the animation, We hope that you enjoy using Aviation English. Henry Emery Andy RobertsCoa sy Topic Shite Pronunciation Functions Vocabulary NIT 1 1 Avoding Reading and vocabulary ‘king orinormation _ Carnmunicaton RUNWAY. rriscommuriction INCURSION “2 prportayout Listening ara speaking ICAO alphabet Prepestions Pegee 3 Ground operations Lstening ard speaking NUmbeis Describing actions Vers desenibing and postion actions ard poston 4 Language development UNIT 2 1 Across the Paco Reading and vocabulary Explaining ablveviators | Navigation Los 2 Facing ight SAC Letening ard epeating Pastlenea Co-odinales Page 16 enalngs 2 Lost Listening erd speaking Cantring and Topoarephical aiscontrming feauves 4 Language developrient UNIT 3 4 Datalirk Reading and vocabulary Expressing purpose Gomminicatons TECHNOLOGY Page 24 2 Fight contol ystems Listeningard speating fhandin’ Saying tings saey another way 3 Inetumont blaiout —_Listoningard speaking Sentence Giving inructona The inatument pane! sess 1 4 Language developnen unit & 1 Wile on ne ground Hoaaing and vocabulary Expressing necessity Security mesures Ls NINA ‘mals onthelcos® Listening and speaking Wordendings. Expressing preter Cargo Sd Explainng unknown 3 Bird atike Listening and epaaking | Sentence Saying intanione 4 Language development UNIT 5 1 Utraight Fading and vocabulary explaining now Manceurig an GRAVITY something works arora Page 40 2 Arrace Ustening and speaking ‘Comoering and Aerobalis: Unis of cceitasting measurorert 3 Hyeailic ess Ustening and speaking Toniestess Expressing atfcuty ‘rai fering help 4 Language development UNIT 6 1 Is there adactr Reading and vocabulary Expressing cause Medical emergencies HEALTH on toaa? ard atect Page 48 2 Sressed! Listening and speaking Goneofart ‘Making suggesticns Symptoms olstess clusters 1 ard giving advce 9 Nedical emeroency —Lsteningand speaking Inlonaiion Giving and asking oflisss for updates 4. Language development Paiwork, pages 104-112 Recordings, pages 119-128ease a Topic Skills Pronunciation Functions Vocabulary unt 7 1 Fire rick Roading and vocabulary ‘Obligation, prohibition | ‘Collocationé relaiod FIRE ‘and permission tofire Vitek 2 Smoke-jumper Lisioring and speaking Orders andrequesis ‘Verbs for describing ties 3 On-board tre Listening and speaking andr! {dentiying and Electrical problems responding to problems 4 Language development UNIT & 4 Microburst Reading and vocabulary Changing the strenath METEOROLOGY SFedotves Page 64 2 Airport cieruption Lietoning and speaking Fouls and concequonces: Weather word Repeating information 3 Stermy approach Listering anc speaking Uff Shih Mis) Wamings 4 Language development unit 9 7 Touchdown Reading and speaking Descrbing sensory Landing gear and LANDINGS impressions braking Page 72 2 Leting down a VIP Listening and speaking Consonant —--Descrbing 3-D position Verbs of movement clusters 2 ‘and moverrert 8 Undercarriage Listening and speaking Resolving ‘micundoretanding 4 Language development UNIT 10 Aviation and glebel Reading and speaking ‘Suggesting soluions | PretieS FUEL warming 1 problems Page £0 2 Gimti glider Listening and speaking Information, Fuel collocations groups 3 Fuel icing Listening and speaking Long and Shott Excressing expectation ‘vowel sounds 4 Language development UNIT 14 1 Bloat Roading and speaking Expressing ime and Action verbs PRESSURE eo Page 88 2 Damage Listening and speaking —Diphitongs — Sumraizing ‘Tres of damage Emergency descent LUstering and speakng | Conrastve Expressing stress consequences 4 Language development UNIT 12 1 Airrage: Reading and speaking Focusing on actions Conflict and restaint SECURITY 2 Suspicious passengers Listening and speaking -Hion, -sion, Expressing possiblity Strange behaviour Page 96 cien endings and probability 3 Uniawiu interference Listening end speaking Information _—_—Rerorting ‘groups end 4 Language deveopment Pairwork, pages 104-112 Recordings, pages 113-128Pa va Structure tevtango istamaare dein by tangutge uncon appori fo he tsk Vocabulary understanding, n Level nes adialectand/ er accent istic Pronunciation stress, yt, and intonation, though possioiy Expert influenced by the fst Ienguag2 6 fr regional variation, almost never interfere with ease of Both basic and complex ‘grammatical structures and sentence patterns a consistently well controlled. Vocabulary range and accuracy are sufficient to communicate effectively on a wide varity of famiiar and unfamiliar topics Vocabulary is iciomatic, nuanced, anil sensitive to register. Pronunciation, sess, Basic arammatical structures and sentence patterns are consistenlly well controlled. Complex structures are attempted but with errors which sometimes interfere with meaning, Vocabulary range and accuracy are sufficient to communicate effectively ‘on common, concrete, and work Telated topes. Paraphrases consistently and successtully Vocabulary is sometimes iciomatic of understanding. yt, and intonation, though nfuenced Extended by the frst language or regional 5 variation, rarely interfere with ease of understanding, Pronunciation, stress, rhythm, and intonation are influenced Operational by the frst language or 4 regional variation but only sometimes interfere with ease Basic grammatical structures and sentence patterns are used creatively and are usually well controlled. Errors may ‘cour, particularly in unusual or unexpected circumstances, but rarely interfere with mearing Vocabulary range and accuracy are usually sufficient to communicate effectively on common, concrete, ‘and work-related topics. Can often. paraphrase successfully when Jacking vocabulary in unusual ‘of unexpected circumstances, Pronunciation, stress, rhythm, Basic grammatical siructures and sentence patterns associated with prodictablo situations are ‘ot always well controlled. Errors ‘requently interfere with meaning, Vocabulary range and accuracy are often sufficent fo communicate on corrmon, concrete, of workerelated topics but range is ented and the word choice often inappropriate. Isoften unable to paraphrase successtully when lacking vocabulary ‘Shows only limited control of a few simple memorized grammatical structures and sentence paiterns Pre- and intonation are nfuenced Operational bythe first languago or rogional 3 vatiaion and frequently inerfee with ease of understanding. Pronunciation, stess, rhythm, and intonation are heavily ivtuenced Blomentary by the frst language or regional variation and usualy intarere with ease of understanding, Pre- Performs ata level below the Elementary _Elemeriary evel Pertorms at level below the Elementary leve. Limited vocabulary range only of isolated words and memorized phrases, Performs at a level below the Elementary levelICAO RATING SCAL Fluency Comprehension Interactions ‘Able to speak at length with a natural, cffortoss ‘low. Varies speech flow. for stylistic effect, eg, to emphasize 2 point, Uses appropriaie discourse markers and connectors sontaneously. ‘Comprehension is consistently accurate in nearly all contexts and includes comprehension of linguistic and cultural subtleties. Interacis with ease in nearly al situations. Is sensitive to vero! and non-verbal cues, and responds to them appropriately Able to speak at lengih with relative ase on familiar lopics, but may not vary speech flow as a stylistic device. Can make use of appropriate discourse markers or conneciors Produces stretches of language at an appropriate tempo. There may be occasional ios of fluency ‘on transition from rehearsed or formulaic spooch to spontaneous interaction, but this does not prevent effective communication. Can make limited use of discourse markers ‘or connectors. Fillers are not distracting. Produces stretches of language, but phrasing and pausing are often inappropriate. Hesitatons or slowness in language orocessing may prevent ‘effective communication, Fillers are sometimes distracting. Can produce very short, isolated, ‘memorized utterances with frequent ‘pausing and a distracting use of filers to search for expressions and to articulate ieee familar words, Performs at a level below the Elementary level ‘Comprehension is accurate on common, concrete, and work-related topics and mosily accurate when the speaker is confronted with a linguistic or situational ‘complication or an unexpected turn of events. Is able to comprehend a range of speech varieties (dialect and / or accent) or registers. ‘Comprehension is mostly accurate ‘on common, concrete, and work- related topics when the accent or variety used is sufficiently inteligibe for an intemational ‘community of users. When the speaker is confronted with a linguistic or situational complication ‘or an unexpected tum of events, ‘comprehension may be slowor or require clarification strategies, Comprehension is often accurate on common, concrete, and work related topics when the accent or variety sed is sufficiently intaligibie for an international community of users. May fail to understand a linguistic or situational turn of events, Comprehension is limited to isolated, memorized phrases when they are cereluly and slowly articulated Performs at a level below the Elementary level Rosponses aro immediate, appropriate, and informative, Manages the speaker listener relationship effectively. a Responses are usualy immediate, appropriate, and informative, Iniiates and maintains exchanges even when dealing with an unexpected tum of events. Deals adequately with apparent misunderstandings by checking, confirming, or clantying, = Responses are sometimes immediate, appropricte, and informative. Can initiate and maintain ‘exchanges with reasonable ease (on familiar topics and in predictable situations. Generaly inadequate When dealing with an unexpected tuin of events, Response time is siow, and often inappropriate. Interaction is limited to simple routine exchangas. Performs at a level below the Elementary level.8 RUNWAY ] INCURSION Section one — Avoiding miscommunication 1. Have you ever worked vith someone whose English you cnt understand? 2 What are some othe causes of msconimuricaton between contol end pois? Note down youricoes, 2. Read the article about a report fam a National Aviation Safety vestigation on ewer plot cormurications Cheek which of your doas rom activity 1 are eluded ok radios the \ A pilot reads ‘maintenance tu eel lot teads beck the, tera aead 8m ar ing trtott may te | lo at as ge He wali Captain asks imay we eros? THE 8 Offs stron acoarg att | rest. The truck orive, thinking Ne ee me, dives controller glves the response fhld Unt the plan fas reoehed is learns ‘chor’ The captain understands ‘oh 997° the wrong wz lane has ont the runway Arecent report showed that rmiscornmruricatio i «factor over 70% cof operational errors. The report examined four areas of miscommunication: 1. Requests from the pilot thatthe ‘contreller repeat the instructions 2 Misunderstandings by the pilot that ‘esultin incomect readbacks 3 Failure of the controller to recognize ‘incorrect readbacks 4. Biter the controller orth pilot ‘confusing the call sign Several factors increased the possibly of communicaton breckdown The most important was the complexity of the instructions. The folowing instruction, for RUNWAY INCURSION ‘sure’, and crosses the runway. ‘example, whan analysed, contain eight separate places of information, or eight ‘opportunities for miscommunication: 3890, Ground, cve vay tothe second Dornier inbound then taxi runway 32 let, intersection departure at Gul, via ou, Charke, Gul ‘Alack of fluency in English can cause contusion bath because of mmispronanciation end misuncerstancing, But co much fency in Eras can aso be ‘a dangerous thing! Ary idomati language or inapproprite plain English can cause mmisunderstandings. Aso, instructions -spaken too quicly can be very difficult to unerstand, The report made tho flowing recommendations for further improvements InATC communications: * Keep instructions short * Uston to what a pilot roads back + Speak siowly * When taking to pilots / controllers who don't speak native English, break Up the message into Its individual Words by using short pauses + Ask wen not sure about a piece of information © Include the ful callsign when giving an instruction or reading back + Wait for complete aircraft identification following instructions3 Undertine the correct information, 1. In the first incident, the maintenance truck driver, ‘misheard | misunderstood the controler. 2 Inthe second incident, the captain misheard / ‘misunderstood the controller 3 In the third incident, the pilot /the cortroller / both the pilot and the controler misunderstood the ‘other person. 4. 30% of oparational errors involve / do net involve miscommunication 5 The main cause of misunderstanding is instructions that are unclear /very compicated. 6 The safest way to communicate is using simple English (natural, fluent English 4 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 1. Vihat additional recommendation would you add to the reports? 2. How could each of the three incidents descrived at the start of the article be avoided? 3. Do you know of any incidents where ‘miscommunication has caused a runway incursion? Vocabulary - Communication ‘Try to remember what verbs are used before the following ‘nouns in the article. Thon look back atthe toxt to check 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 m a request i clearance a response r a mossage ' a mistake t an instruction ° ‘call sign 9 an instruction Functional English — Asking for information 1. Use the verbs in the box to complete the questions from an Aviation Authority survey. does have must do will dd are Survey 1 When you stat leern English? 2 How long you been studying English? 2 How you try to improve your English outside class? 4 What language traning you had already? 5 What you find most difficult about Engich? 6 How otter yOu use English in your work? 7 How much support your employer ive you? 8 Why you studying English? 8 What level of English you be happy with? 10. What level of English you have for your job? 2 Workin pais. Interview each other using the questionnaire Speaking - English in aviation Werk in smell groups. How far do you agree or dsegree With the statements below? Why / Why not? |. AFrench ATC speaking to a French pilot ata French airport doesrit need to know English, 2 It's impossible to understand Americans ~ they don't speak plain English. 3. Plots have been flying safely for years - they dont ood to learn Englich 4 R/T phraseology is enough to communicate with 5 All pilots and ATCs working with international trafic should have ICAO level 6 RUNWAY INCURSION 9a Section two — Airport Layout 1. Work in pairs. You are going to complete a map of JP Apert. Student A look at the map on this page. Student B lock at the map cn p 107. Den'tlook at each ather’s maps ‘Student A Find out from Student B where the following buildings and teatures are, Nark them on your map. + the airport administration offices * customs offices the national weather service ‘+ the postal service offices © ahelipad Describe the postion of the buldings and features that Student B asks for. The prepostions in the box willbe useful In front of to the north of ‘on the opposite side of in the cantre of opposite next to behind parallel to 10 RUNWAY INCURSION 2 © 01,02,03 Listen to an ATC describing three ‘hotspots’ at JFK, Which three areas (A-E) on the iagrem in 1 does she mention? 3. ® 01,02,09 Listen again end match each problem with one of the areas in activity 2 4. Outbound aircralt can easily cross a runway if they miss the taxiway. 2 You can't see the runway you are taxiing to. 3. inbound wraific must ium right to avoid confit. 4 You can have a long taxi i you turn left too socn, 5 You can eas fallow the wrong tine. 4 Describe an aiert you know, including the taxi Ccrcuits for ariving and departing aff. Are there any hotspots? Pronunciation —The ICAO alphabet 11 ® 04 Listen and wre the letters in the correct column Inthe table accorcing to ther stress pattem, The frst one has been cone for you, ORZNHISA 00 Oo a ce 000 2 @ 04 Liston again and repeat 9. Work in pairs. Add the missing leters of the ICAO alphabet to the table, 4. Spell the following items for your partner to write down. ‘© the town where you were born © your full name + youraddressVocabulary — Prepositions Below is a controllers report of an incident in area C of the eerodrome, Complete the report with the missing prepositions. to at ahead on towards into onto acrose from via slong Controller’s report (QE433 landed (1) runway 22R in marginal weather conditions, The crew were issued instructions to taxi (2) the runway (3) the apron on K and (4) KA. They taxied 6) , but missed the sign ang the runway holding position merkngs for 13R, and went 6) the active runway and (7) KA (on the opposite side. Atthe same tine, a 747 was taxing (8) position on runway 13R. 0 the intersection with B, the crew missed the arrow pointing right. Itcontinued straight (10) ‘and taviod (11) the terminal on A, QE433 finally came nose-to-nose with the outbound 747 eaking — Sketching out an airport 1. Work in peirs. Look at the aerodrome information, Design an aeodrome layout including runway and taxiway Configuration and the taxi circut. Mark these positions on your diagram: ‘© Where AIC issue runway-in-use information and taxi clearances ‘© The holding position(s) in case of tratfic conflict = Whote ATC issue tako-off clearance ou (C issue clearance to taxi to apron © Where ATC issue parking information Pe 2 Compare your ideas with encthor pair Prevailing wind: 230 Type of traffic: IFR/VER, privat. ele Mee eines et-aeateareae oe a Pitas wares : ree PUI oC ee erES 2 Wietcon canes nay OO 3 What can the aviation industry do to reduce the number of runway incursions? 2 @ 05 Listen to. dialogue between a tower controller and a pilot, Underline the correct word to compete the summary of the incident ‘In marginal / geod weather conditions, an inbound / outbound alicrat takes the incorrect taxiway anc ‘moves onto an active /inactive runway. Another aircraft lands / takes off in front ofthe aircraft. The. tower controller tells the crew to turn left/siop. In the ‘end the plane follows / clears the runway. 9 05 Listen again and merk on the diagram: 1. The route the tower controller expects the plane to take. 2 The route the plane actually takes. 3. The position where the plane stops to wait for further instructions, 4 The position where the tower thinks the plane has stopped to wait for further instructions, 12) RUNWAY IucURSION nm Pronunciation — Numbers 1 @ 00 Listen to the call signs, Correct any mistakes, FRE69 396 AQeo2 cz310 Lage. HYS97 JMao2 2 Workin pairs. Practise saying call signe ‘Student A, go fo p 104, Student B, goto p 107. Vocabulary ~ Verbs describing actions and position Put these around manoeuvees in the correct column according to their speed in routine operations, stend movearound approsch turn push back head walt’ rollfortakeot tax) queue touch down exit face no movement — slow fast stand weve aroundFunctional English — Describing actions and position Look at these extracte from the dialogue. 1'm facing Kilo. We are epproaching Charle on Kilo. There's somebody taking of! There are signs showing the runways. Complete the description of the picture with the verbs from the Vocabulary section in the correct form, 130. sre7.300 o Speaking There's 767-300 touching down on runway 278. ‘An A300 is. turing leh. " the far end o! the same runway. twoaicrat _ towards the apron. ‘Saab 340 south, t___to rose runway 27. Onrunway 271 2 8777-300 __ for takoof ‘An Embraer ERJ-145, _ into positon After the Embraer, three more airrett to depart on runway 27L. A few service vehicles —____eround on the apron. Seven airerat _ at he gates, ‘Atk a 747-400, AnIL96 Its gave. 1 Work in pairs to complete your pictures of an airfield. Student A look at this page. Student B go to p 107. 2. Work in pairs, Discuss the questions, 1 2 3 4 What factors increase the possibilty of hotspots? What can be done to reduce hotspots? ‘Ate hotspots becoming more or less ot a problem? Which airports have the most /fenest hotspots? RUNWAY INCURSION | 13ar Section four - Language development Functional English ~ Question forms 1) Roarrange the words to make questions. you / aviation / start / career / your/ whan/ did Jin? of / espeet / your / do /most / you | job / enjoy / what? have / which / worked / you / at / airports? hours /week / average / how / on / work /many /a/ you / usually / do? you | did / problem Jin / experience / when / last / English / communication / a? how | to /do /training /oten / have / you / zttend / courses? language / much / will training / have / you/ year | this / how? long / did how ! to / your / do J job / train J you? 2 Answer the questions using full sentences. Example started my career in aviation five years ago. Describing actions and position 3 Look at the diagram and complete the description of what the planes mentioned are doing 4 Rutt its gate. 2 CAt93 the apron, 3 an aircraft on runway 27R, 4 two aircraft atthe gates 5 ELas7 runway 27L. 6 The Aaa0 position 7 Three aircratt for take-off on runway 277. 8 e433 an intersection, © Anaircratt A 14 RUNWAY INCURSION4 Read this report of the Incident shown in 3. Complete itwith the words trom the box. camenose-to-nose continued straight ahead taxied along landedon taxi from carried on towards taxiing into went across Incident report ee eee QE433 (1) ‘runway 27L in fog. The tower issued instructions to (2) tne runway tothe apron on G and A viaH,It(3) , butattne intersection wn H, the crew missed the arrow pointing lft, and (4) They then missed the sign for cunway ODL, and (5) ‘the active runway and onto B on the opposite side. Al the same time, an A330 was (6) position on runway 27A. QE493 (7) the terminal ancl (6). with an outbound 747 on B. Vocabulary - Communication 1 Complete each sentence with a verb reated to commun correct for. 1) When the pilot Controliers should k thelr instructions s Hold shor ofthe runway and w__ for 4 Plots can m complex instructions, 80 ite them up 5 The truck driver thought the tower hadi __ 108s the runway. 6 When to.an ATC traffic call-out, the pot should i his call sign. 7 Macontiolier m 1 werd, the pllot may not understand. 8 itapiotg ‘an incorrect readback, t____the instruction Parts of an airport 2. Rearrange these letters to make features of an airport 1 tootpsh a point in an aitport where thare is danger of runway incursions 2 awaxity ‘road thal planes take 10 get to and trom the runway 3 worar ‘symbol that shows you which way to go 4 stabl cenef a barrier that protects an area from the force of jet engines 5 naggise letters, numbers and symbols inat are posttioned around an airport to show pilots where they are and which way to 99 © menaveptkrimsang lines and letters painted on the ground 7 nittercoseni ‘a place whore two runways, roads, ote. cross 8 altremin the main building at an airport RUNWAY INCURSION 15J New Zealand Workin pairs. Look at the map and photograph. Whal particular problems coud a pilot of this typa of aircraft have on a long flight across an ocean? Match the words b i low with the definitions 2 d_ apioce of equipment your director e the ling ona map that an airalt follows lace you are travel 9 aposition in space, usu: to use rrathematics to fin ‘on a fight plan jout something 3 Read the text about ton the opposite page. Label the pilot's ute on the map, 16 | Lost4 Complete the pilot’ fight plan. 5. Read the text again and answer the questions. Flight plan ‘cea “) SS oeR oakland, Calflora ricireesrosnon Asta peneonsounowsd 1 PiolRuNCe @ EsruweD LOTTE) camer) Solo flight to Norfolk Island In 1978, pilot Jay B. Prochnow ‘was a long and dangerous mi He planned his flight well. He ‘was working for an aircraft sales After a stopover in Hawai departed Pago Pago at 0300, and ‘company in Oakland, California, ‘he completed the second leg of ‘with 15 hours of daylight in front ‘An experienced civil and military | the journey on schedule, and ‘of him, he could make visual pilot, Prochnow was given the arrived on the Samoan island of contact with the fixes and his {ask of deveringa Cesena 188 | Pago Pago without incident. Tho | destination below him ssingle-hended from Oakland, pilot rested for one day before he Using the NDBs, Prochnow to Australia. Because the Might | began the third eg ofthe wip, and | nevigated succesfully tothe fix of covered thousands of miles over. he spent his time on the island the island of Ono-I-Lau, almost ‘open ocean, the aircraft was preparing for the long and tiring directly en route. Now his task fitted with extra fuel tanks forthe | flight ahead. The charts showed ‘was to fly the remaining 850 nm 4 journey. Apart from charts and a distance of almost 1,500 nm to of empty ocean to Norfolk Island @ ‘a. compass, the only navigation Norfolk Island. Prochnow. ‘with no navigation aids at all. equipment he had was an ADF calculated a flying time of 15 Now he flew by compass alone. for picking up the HF signals of hours minimum, cruising at 110 kt_| A few hours later he came into 2 NpBescatered across the tiny | ingood VER conditions witha | range ofthe Norfolk NDB, and he islands of the Pacific Ocean. At light wind, He decided to carry followed the heading indicated by the time, this crossing was a long maximum fuel and he filled the the ADE As he approached the trip even for big jets. Fora single- tanks to give a total endurance of ETA he looked carefully for the engine aircraft with one crew, 22 hours island, but it wasn't in sight. 6 Workin pairs. What tips can you think o} for pilots planning to fly iong-distance in alight aircraft? Make alist. Then compare with the other pairs. tions Functional English — Explaining abbrevi 41 Here are some common expressions for asking or saying what abbreviations m Do you know what these abbreviations stand for? What does NDB stand for? —_t stands for - What does ADF mean? itmeans What is VER short for? ts short for 2 Workin pairs. You are going to practise saying and explaining abbreviations, Student Ago to p 104, Student 8 go to p 107 Lost "7Section two - Finding Flight N45AC TEE Ko J [\ ba eteetontea} et 1. Look atthe pictures of what happened next in the Prochnow siory. Put them in the correct or 1 a4 5 20 Listen and check your answers, 3 Aoi Listen again and circle the correct answer. 1 Prochnow contacted a. other arcrat in the area bb. AucKland ATC for help, 2 comme Jat made a. radio cortact visual contact 3 Both aircraft lew towards the sun to establish thei a. heading position 4 Captain Vette tried to establish Prochnows exact position using Prachnow's a radio signal transponder 5 They established the co-ordinates for OW b_ Norfolk island 18 Lost Listen again and complete the co-ordinates Vette Turn towards the gun and ropert your heading, Prochnow Wilco. My heading is (1) Vette NASAC. Sunset on Norfolk Island is 0790 zulu. That means you are (2) and (3) Of Norfolk Island, Vette Your co-ordinates are (4) You ere (5) ‘om Norfolk Island Listen and repeat these ditections and co-ordinates north south east west south-east north-west south-west north-eset S6'ESO'S 170°21E 14 40.25N Work in pairs, Student A look at the next page, lock at p 108. Stude‘Student A Ask student 8 what places are atthe folowing co-ordinates. Wire the names of the places i the eppreximate position on your map. 1 31034428'S, 170° 2107 3 203859.26 — 178°4200.04°E 2 1491602 16S —_170°42.39.61"E 4 36°552343'S 174945 16.27°E Example \Wihat do you have at thrae-one degrees, three minutes, four four decimal wo-eight seconds south, ‘one-seven-zero degrees, lwo-one minules, seven seconds east? < . + “fh wef 7, fT oe. 1h 7 = Pronunciation — Regular past tense endings 1 @-11 Reguar verbs in the past tense have tree ifferent sounds atthe end ofthe verb, Listen and rotce the verb endings A) We received news o! your situation NN The ADF stopped working coreotly ‘al | wanted to have enough light to 920 my fixes. 2 Futthe verbs into groups accercing to the sound of ther ending. contacted departed established tried calculated followad tasked arrived approached 1 1a) 2h 3 hdl 3. @ 12 Now listen and repect 4 Workin pairs. Use words on the right to help you tell tne story of Prochnow’s flight. Student A, tellthe ist part of the story. Stucent B, tel the second part of the story, Use the past tensa. Lost 19UES Section three - Lost 11 Match the features in the box to labels 1=11 on the map. woods highway mast coast powerlines lake valley bulltuparea reservoir highground fields 2. @ 13 Listen tothe first part ofa dialogue between a lost pilot and a controller, Complete the location repor Location report Call sign TSB Last known position (1) miles (2) of CELRA VOR Aircraft @ Altitude a Speed © kt Fuel © » Porsons on board ” Endurance ® hours 3. #14 Look at the map above of the plane's position. Listen to the next part of the conversation and tick () the atures in exercise 1 that they describe, 4 @ 14 Listen again and draw the pilots track on the map, 20 LostFunctional English ~ Confirming and disconfirming 1 @ 14 Listen te the dialogue again and complete the sentences below. They all ask ior or give confirmation or discor yu tly into VER? [7 thal you can see a road ‘you make out a river? the ver on te nortn side ofthe road? that the road crossed the river... 6 ‘a communications mast at 12 o'clock, at about four miles? onone 2 © 14 Listen again, Tick (V) where the plot gives confirmation, Crose (x) whore the pilot éscontirms. 3. @ 14 Discuss with a pertner which sentence you think is spoken more clearly, (1) or (2).Then listen ‘again tothe start of the recording and check if you were right Discuss the reason for this. Controller TJB. Can you fly nto VFR?(1) Pilot Afr... ean see high ground to the north. I'm flying up a valley, with woods to the north, and fields below me. There is a road below me. Controller TJB. Confirm that you can soe a road. (2) Pilot Ati, | can see @ road. Speaking Werk in pairs. Student B, tum to p 108. Student A, you are a pilot who is lost and low on fuel. Look at this page. Describe your position to Student B ~ the ATC — who wif direct you to the nearest aestrip using visual ixes. Use the phrases from 1 for confirming and disconfirming, Lost | 21Se ee 22 Secti Functio on four ~ Language development 41 Complete the text with the past simple form of the verb in brackets. plane carrying 20 passengers heading er Busan (1) (make) an emergerey landing yesterday, The emergency (2) theppen) after the plot (3) (ceport)a technical problem, The fight (4) (depart) Socul at 0709 and (5) y) towards Busan, The tight (6) (notreach) Busan, but (7) (land) in Daegu shortly ater 0800, The pilots (8) (balieve) there (9) (b2). fire. The passengers (10) (not be) nut 2 Complete the conversation with questions Journalist (1) (you / make) an emergency landing? Captain —_Because we thought we could smell smoke on the fight deck Journalist (2) (you / notice) the problem? Captain —_ About 40 minutes alter we lett Seoul Journalist (3) (you, decide) to land immediately? Captain —_Yos, of coures, Journalist (4) (you /land) at Daegu? Captain We descended 1o Daegu because il was our closest afield Journalist (5) (the fire / stant)? Captain —_ Were nat really sure - perhaps it wes an electrical fault Journalist (6) (you /heve) on board? Captain = Wehad 12 passengers with us 3. Complete this nowspaper report using the verbs in the box in the past simple tense. Lost cross detect happen lscue —_nottell ater take piace ‘Two planes were less than a mile away from a major catastrophe when a near-collision a in thick clouds above London, A Bocing 747 anda Gulfstream jet only (2), ‘each other whea their intemal warning systems (3) human error and automatically (4) away from danger. ‘The Boeing 747 (5) heading towards Heathrow Airport from Japan and the business jet (6) en route from Sardinia to Luton Airport when their paths oO over London. ‘The incident (8), in July last year near to Southam, and the Air Accident Investigation Branch today (9) its report into the incident, 1110) the pilotof the Boeing 747, who was flying “too fast” as the plane began its landing procedures and (11) ‘Air Traffic Control of his speed.Confirming and discontirming 4 Complete the dialogue with the words in the box. aifiem can see confimthat glvefurthar negative say last that correct wha you Pilot MAYDAY. MAYDAY. MAYDAY. Tibruk Centre, 1621. Wo'e lost ATC 1G21 Tibruk Centre. Roger emeraency. (1) ‘known position. Pilot Lest known postion was 10 mies north of Ttxuk. ATE 1G21. Last known postion was 1Orlos noth of Tbruk 6 (2) 2 Pilot (3) .. Last known position was 10 miles north of Tidruk. ATC 1G21. Please tell me (4) see now. Pilot 16) ‘8 communications mast directly west and lake below me. ATC 1G21, (6) you can see a communications mast to the east. Pilot ” ‘The communications mast is to my west, ATE 1621, Tum eft 45° and head west othe communications mast ‘We'll pick you up on radar from there and (8) instructions. Vocabulary 1 Match these verb and noun combinations from the text Lost. Then check in the text. 1 cover a by compass 2 complete the second leg 3 cnise © ateading 4 make thousands of miloe 9 ravigate nto range cf an NOB 6 fly f the ETA 7 come g at tor 8 follow nh twoatx 9. approach i visual contact witha fix 2. Workin pairs. Try 0 romombor the missing verbs spokan by Captain tio, NUBAC. (1) M your position, so we can (2) 0 your peston using the radio signal, We'll (3) m our Feeding unt we (4) 1 Contact. Then we wil et left 10 (6) ~ contact, and then try to (7) youn this way, We'll (@)e you again very coon. NASAC. Its (9) 3 dark, What imo is your sunser? ‘3 White tne words below in the appropriate category. Use your dictionary to help you. Tie desert footpath | | 'YP@ of lana feature Lost | 23[UNIT 3 Section one - Datalink 1 Look at the pictures of Datalink communication system, Tellthe group what you know about ths technobgy. note down 9 text rather 2. Work in pairs. Betore you read the art advantages and disadvantages of usi 3. Read the tex. Tick (¥) your ideas that are mentioned. Datalink allows routine air traffic instructions and requests fo be sent as text messages instead of vi traditional voice communications, The pilot uses Datalink for requesting changes of level or speed whi e the controller uses it to give clearance for level or speed changes and frequency changes. Controllers also use it in order to manage a larger number of aircraft - some claim it could eventually increase capacity by 40%, ied Clear traffic instructions sent in a pre-forma text message avoid the need for repetition, and reduce communication errors such as simultaneous, transmissions and misheard instructions and requests. ‘The messages are delivered in near-real time, and with higher reliab transmissions, Datalink reduced airspace congestion, and many people thi has helped to make communications fast and safe. than voi However, Datalink also has its drawbacks. It allows free text’ messages, so that the crew can use their own \ords to deal with non-routine events. However, even when the pilot writes the n carefully, controllers sometimes do not understand the message, as they may not use the same words and abbreviations, especially guage. Usin when they do not speak the sam text 24 | TECHNOLOGY also increases the crew's workload —in an em situation, they cannot afford the heads-down time required to read and write messages. Another drawback is that when Datalink me: out of sequence, pilots do not have the time to match mes responses. Finally, in a mixed voice-data environment, the crew's attention is divided, making it al sier 10 miss There can be no doubs t alink has an important aviation communications. But ‘when we need 1o communicate beyond simple routine for example, in an emer substitute for talking. place in the future of civ4 Read the text again and decide ifthe sentences ae Functional English — Expre true or false. Mite Tor F ing purpose 4 Bialik vedlovoe vcice ccmmuntselioe 11 Look back at the text io complete the sentences. by 40%. 1 The plot uses Datalink requesting 2 The pilot receives a text message almost ‘changes of level or speed immediately. 2... the controller uses it give clewance 2. Dataling allows you to write your own for level or speed changes and irequency changes messages when necessary. 3 Contolles alsouse it manage alarger 4. Datalink messages don't use abbreviations rnumiver of aircraft 5 itis possible to communicate by voice and 4 Hallows ‘ree text’ messages. the crew text at the same time Can use their own worcs to deal with non-routine events: 6 The wrler doesnt believe that Datalink should completely teplace voice communication, 2 Complete the sentences using the words and phrases, trom 1, Note that either 10.0 in order io can be used in some sentences. 5. Wotk in pairs, Discuse the question I you had the cheico whothor oF not to use Datalink in your Job, what would you decide? Why? Commercial aircraft carry a CVR recording communications in the cockpit, 2. Large aircraft ate equipped with TCAS Vocabulary — Communications ini bodoge aria solace Find bold words in the text that match the definitions. 3 Flight schools use simulators pilots can 1 spoken messages sent over the racio learn to fy in safe conditions. 2. asituation where too many people are 4. The sterile cockpit rule was introduced using a systern ‘make cure flight crow keep their concentration 3. the wavelength that is used for radio uring take-off and landing, ‘communication 5 Many pilots prefer to use the EFB rather than paper erforming flight management tasks. 4 aplace that uses.a particuiar type e eens i system @ Crash investigators rely on the FDR analyze an aircraft's behaviour before the accident 7 One part of a glass cockpit display is used for EICAS, the crew can keep a constant ‘eye on what the engines are doing, 8 Thehead-up display was developed alow pilots toread important cata without having tolonk down, Official permission to do semething the correct order the maximum that a person or system can deal with 8 time spent reading or wating Speaking ~The perfect technology Work in pairs. Imagine a piece of future technology that solves most of the present problems of piot-ATC communication. Note down your ideas then dascribe the technology to the class. Think about what it doos how tis used why itimproves salety ‘+ how it makes users’ work easier. TECHNOLOGY 25ae) Section two - Flight control systems 1 Match the aircraft with the fight c ntrol systems, 1 fy-pyewire 2 mechanical 3. hydromachanical Work in pare, Discuss the questions. 1 What aro the main differences between the eystoms above? 2 Which of he systems do you rave experience ol? 3 Why have new systems developed? 3 Complete the sentences wih the words flight control system is completely automatic, the pilot's is reducee 3. The points that a pilot cannot go past which are pat of the fight contiol system are called 4. To cancel or change an automatic action, we use the tunction. 4. @-45 Listen toa discussion between an cirine employee and pilot, and newer the questions. 1 Why does Jean want Mehmet ‘opinion about two planes? 2 What two aircraft are they taking about? 3 Why does Mehmet mention Habsheim and Colombia? 4 Whicn plane does Mehmet think is sator? 26 TECHNOLOGY5 15 Liston again and underline the correct information, Both aircraft uso mochanical /ty-by-wiro /intoligant fight control systorns. ‘The Airbus gives final control to the fight contro! system / plot frsi office. Atthe Habsheim airshow, the computer didn't allow the pilot to pull up /land correctly / retract the air brakes, In Columbia, a computer could have stepped the pilot fying too quickly / keeping the speed brakes on / oimmbing. Functional English — Saying things another way 1 15 Liston again and complete those sentences from the conversation 1. Sorry Mehmat—can you just ‘fycby-wite! 2 2 tmnot ‘mean by ‘an override function’, 3 9 . the Airbus computer doesn't alow pilots to do any thing dangerous. 4 So onan Airbus the computer has ultimate control 5 Can ‘an exarrple? 6 And there are protections to prevent overspeed. «it tops the pilot from going faster than is sate, 7 Toput Sometimes the aircraft should allow manual control 2. Work in pars. Take tums to explain how to use a communication sysiem or gadget that you use regulary. \When your partner is speaking, ask for explanations as often as possible. Ty to use language from 1 Vocabulary ~ Safety © 15 Complete the expressions with the verbs from the box, then listen again and check reduce stop doa prevent Increase limit make 1 anything dangerous 6 the pilots capability 2 salety 7 manual contol 3 the pilot climbing 8 the pull-up capabiltly 4 ‘ovorepood 9 an accident 5 iesater Pronunciation —/b /and /p / 1 @ 16 Listen to eight words. write A or B, according to the word you hear, A B A 8 1 bought port 5 lb ap 2 va pat 6 peg beg 3 tab tap 7 stable staple 4 bet pet @ bit pit 2 © 16 Listenagan and repeat ihe words. 3. Take turns toread one word kom each line. The parson listening must say they hear A or B 4 Now prectise these sentences. 1. Booing and Airbus should use the best of both systems, 2. Thate are protections to stop overspeed. Speaking ‘Work in groups. Discuss the questions. 1 In-your opinion, is tly-by-wire safer than @ conventonal mechenical control system? 2. In itty years' time, how do you think flight control systems willbe cifferent? TECHNOLOSY 2728 Section three - Instrument blackout 1. Match the words to the picture. Write a-t 1 upper ECAM (electronic aircraft moritor) dispiay eniralized 2 lower ECAM cieplay 3 autopilot 4 radio management panel (FMP) 5 primary fight display (PFD) vot tude display 6 fork in groups. Explain the function of each item, 3 M 1 are down. 2 power back, 3. OK. lets get the system \ © backonline 4 We have a system this out © The system is ihe system. 6 Allthe flight displays f going agair 7 9 Sout 8 The upper ECAM display 1 the autopior 9 We've gat i failure TECHNOLOGY Listen to a conversation from the flight deck of an Airbus A319. Choose a, b or to complete the sentences, Theteis a problem with the: a tuel system b electrical pressurization system, stom 2 The pois solve the problem by. reading instructions on the ECAM screen b reading inet in the manual © geiting help from maintenance on the ground. 3. Thepiots decide wo: a ir original fight plan bland immediately © enter aholding pattem,Complete the LUsten and check tences from the dialogue 1 Centre and them what's happening 2 the system, 3 follow it. Check it 4 What’ the instruction? 5 Fis contact ATC so they know our situation. 11 18 Listen to the fist sentence again. Notice how words that carry the main meaning of the sentence nave the most stess 5 47 Arawer the questions en otanagain ard check, SED anaKa)nem whats CEaenina 2 when equ on tog deck ater (Cire skeen palit the weetayetnkey 1 Mesauctyan tetanus? Enish secon, tenisten agin end check. 5. How meny instructions do the crew follow to solve ne problem? think carry the ns, Work in 6 Workin pas. Discuss the quit irs, One of you has a technical problem. What equipment at work do you have the most A colleague looks at a troubleshooting guide on the problems with? What is the procedure whan it Internet, and gives you instructions over the phone won't work? Use expressions from the unit. and add as many ‘= What was the last details as you can. serious problen you hax Situation 1 Situation 2 8 blank laptop: 8 [ether parson screen 7 Spier radio battery? instruction = = battery fine | fine. (ade dota!) = — (edd dota) | | cables? | Instruction | fine | (add detail) —_— | switched on? instruction = (ade detail) ——a (ed cetai 1 ee instruction = | manufacturer ere I = saree soe | TECHNOLOGY 29_ eM Ss Section four - Language development Functional English — Expressing purpose 1. Match the begnnings and endings of the sentences, Repe: \We hed to dump some of our uel in order to Controllers and pilots use Datalink 10 Investigations are carried out for the purpose of 1 2 3 4 5 Research is being done with the aim of 6 A Datalink tial was done with a viow to 7 8 9 10 the message slowly so that ‘The training school is raising money with the objective of ‘They/te working on the old plane with the intention of They switched off the fuel pumps so that ‘We went to the conference or the purpose of Saying things another way 2. Rearrange the words to make sentences. 1 is /do/mean /of / order / out /radar /that / the / you? 2 clanty /I'm /me /let /say /t0 trying / what restoring ito flying condition. having ll aiciaf use this technology in the near future, discovering ways to reduce aircraft noise learning about the latest technologies, ‘expanding ts student capacity land safely the engine dian’ catch fire. avoiding similar incidents in the future. {ean understand, communicate wih each other 3 “unlavul interference’ / could / explain ust / means / what / you? 4 basically Continue / need / $0 / heading /10/ with /you / your / current 5 do/mean/ what / you? 6 en could/ me / explanation / give / you? 7 sure /1 /that/ noi /|'m / understand 8 an/ give /can/ example /me /you? 9 ello / computer / doesn't / fly /in/ manually / other / pilot /the the to / words 10 another / have /it/ problem / put/ serious / to /way / we /a Giving instructions 3. Match the verbs 1-10 with the words or phrases a. 1 access a anemergency 2 contact b again 8 declare © the ECAM 400 d- theinstructions 5 follow e going 6 keep f descent 7 lock g atc 8 request hy engine 1 9 shut down i the cabin door 10 wy | complete check 30 TECHNOLOGYVocabulary — Communications 1 Complete the sentences wth the werds in the box. speak soquenea voles understand text words communications selec! provormatiad responses Itis easier 10 directly to a pilot rather than write @ Datalink allows pilots and ATCs to text messages for Datalink systome messages between pilots and controler when messages get out of Htcontioters clear traffic instructions, it reduces the need for Using a Datalink eyctom could help with the problom of can take time to match messages to Vocabulary from the unit 2. Complete the sentences with the verbs from the unit afford allow avoid have help need permit 1 2 communications. 3. The problem with ‘transmissions is that the speaker may be dificult to 4 Datalink allows users to erento meseages using their own 5 Datalink nas the potential to make sale and fast and to reduce 6 Datalink users just need to froma ist of 7 8 9 0 congestion deliver ‘on the frequency. 1. Detaling exists to to make communications more oficiont 2 Maintenance stat wil 10 conform to the new safety requirements whether they lke it or rot 3. Airtratfic controlers and pilots are toundergo.a medical check-up every two yeers. 4. The offcials told the ailine that they to improve their current safety rococd immediatoly 5 Commercial pilots are told to flying through mistary-conirolled airspace. 6 The airports agency simply cant to buy a second police service urit. 7 Tho onboard CCTV cameras the pilets to seeif there is a problem in the cabin without leaving the cockpit. 8 The recent reguiatons all passengers to carry two itens of hand luggage. 3. Comploto the to adjusted allows developed display _aliminate features focus needed rellea on simplifies ‘A glass cockpit is an aircraft cockpit that a) electronic instrument displays. e% ‘elativaly recently, glass cockpits are highly soughtalter upgrades from tracitional cockpits. Where a traditional cockpit (3) ‘numerous mechanical gauges to (4) Information, a glass cocepit (5) several ‘computer dispiays that can be (6) to diplay flight information 6 (7) e Ths @) aicraft operation and navigation and (9) pilots to (10) ‘only on the most pertinent information, They are also highly Popuiar with airline companies as they usualy (i) theneed to (12) 2 fignt engineer ith the verbs in the box. Use your dictionary to help you. TECHNOLOGY | 31Animals in the flight path — the Federal Aviation Administration GAA) reported that two planes ‘International Airport aborted theie fandings after a pilot spotted coyotes by United aoaneee ae 32 ba’ 1. Match the stories A-D with the subjects Which one is about an animal 1 being transported illegally? agng en aircr scaping in eiminal? 4. damaging en airicld? 2. Work in groups, Discuss the quostions 1 Do you know of any other incidents involving wildlife loose in airports? Tell tne group. 2 What is the most common problem involving wildlife at ground lovol at an airport you know? ANIMALS Section one - Wildlife on the ground B Cargo workers fo snakes bound for Hong Kong. sent by smugglers in Thailand, Airport officials found the snakes, ‘worth about $75,000, in plastic bags after cargo handlers heard hissing sounds, The handed rat snake meal in some Asian, countries 3. Scan the report below to find what the fellowing figures refer to. Yamnile the aircraft's distanc 5b 172 283,000,000 7% preparing to land at O'Hare: lines, needed tis nos ANIMALS IN THE FLIGHT PATH {0 goaround, but landed safe second attempts. The pilots wer ‘a quarter:mile from 0 landing gear down when they were warned. The pilot ofa fight landing ahead of them saw the coyotes on the ‘Fass margins and alerted controllers from O'Hare ely on thei e with their usual for eoyores to end up an runways ~ they're seen at O Hare once or twice a week. Coyotes, which can weigh ‘as much a8 50 Ib, cun Cause significant ‘damage to aircraft. in October 2005, 2 [passenger Beer hit a coyote on take-offar the Ogdensburg port. The nose gear collapsed, and the plane skidded toa stop. ttwas devlared! a toxal loss, according 10 FAA records. The FAA said reports of planes hitting wildlife Went up four times from 1744 in 1950, 107,136 in 2005 because the flights, more wildlife neat airports and! raft 1900 turboprop, ‘A Rabbits are damaging the turway ata Scottsh airport ‘nd arport authorities are worried that the animals could make it dangerous for planes to land. Thousands of rabbits are living in tunnels beneath the aired and holes have appeared on the runway’s new surface >“ © Flight crews chased a kangaroo after it excaped at Sat Lake City International Airport Crews were unloading the kangarse When it broke out ofits cage and hopped across the concourse. During the chase, the kangaroo scratched an airport worker and tripped up and hurt its nose. 1 2400 D American Aivlines banned some dogs from its planes after a pit bull cerrier escaped from its cage, The crew of the Rocing 757 heard sounds from the cargo. hold then the plane’s backup radio and some navigational equipment stopped ‘working. When ground erew opened the cargo hold doors, they found the dog had zed the holds bulkhead and de aand chewed through wires as thick as @ garden hose. tmore spon fom pio inthe sime period, 172 people were injured and nine ied in such incidents, which resulted in $253 million in losses, Coyotes know how live in the urban environment, and while fewer coyotes are trapped, more are coming claser to cities (o hunt rabbits and bicds. The coyotes ‘an be detected by sensors andl CCTY and then offen need scaring away by airport security workers in cars. But the best Way to keep coyotes away § to make sure that the alrport’s perimeter fences are secure, 0 they can't dig under them Airplanes struck wildlife 66,302 times in the USA from 1990 to 2005, More than 97% of those incidents involved birds Sevikes involving other animals were: deer ~ 652; coyotes = 198, alligators —14; | house cats 11,4. Road the toxt again and decide if the sentorces are true or falee. Write Tor F. Pilots were warned about the animals 15 minutes before landing at O'Hare. A Beecheraft 1900 arriving at Ogdensburg airport collided with a coyote. Wifi sirikes went up 80% between 1990 and 2005, Aiport workers drive at coyotes to scare them away. Wildife sirkes in the USA included some pats Vocabulary — Security measures Match the words with the features a-h, pporimater fence CCTV camera ‘grass margin bord scorer security worke bitd of prey Functional English — Expre: ssing neck 1. Look back at the text and complete these. 1 Thetlighs around. 2 Thecoyotos ... often away by airport workers in cars We use need + to vert to say when itis necassary to do something. We can use need + verb -ing to talk about how to improve or fix something without saying who will doi 2 Werk in pairs. Look at the vocabulary in the pictures and explain why each thing is necessary Use the language from 1 3. Werkin groups, Discuss the questions, 1 What do pots and ATCe naed to do to provent bird or animal strikes? 2 How could the airport you know best improve its prevention of wildife stikes? ANIMALS IN THE FLIGHT PATH 331 Match the w containers pale's fork-iMt tuck cage hinge cargo net 2. Work in pairs, Discuss the questions. 1 What animais are most often transported by ai? 2. What problems can animals cause on cargo acral”? 3 Listen to the conversation between pilot and ground and answer the questions. 1 Whats the problem? 2 What happens in the and? 4 Listen again and underline the correct information, 1 The fight ie inbound / outbound. 2. The cages are inthe fore / aft hod, 3. The orcund crew are unloading / loading on the animals, 4 The plane ie due to take off/ push back at 1255 / 1305. The pilot wants the ground crew to have a look / go back In the hold, he bars / lock and hinge / floor of the cage broke. 7 The pilot wants to call socuriy /a vot 34) ANIMALS IN THE FLIGHT PATHFunctional & lish — Expressing preferences 1 Work in pairs, Try to complete these sentences from. the dlaogue. wt ‘miss our stot 21 know what's going on in there before {make any decisions. 3. This is what | do, at put themselves in danger. 51 get come help with this. © 20 Listen again and check, then listen again and repeat the sentences, Notice Now fois pronounced. Complete the sentences with the words in the box. like meto repeat prefer not to do like to cut prefer people to speak like to lve want to work ‘rather work wants to clean prefer io be 11 for our national airing someday, 2 td long-haul lights, if posite. ata based abroad 4 Doyou the windshiela? 6 td down the number of hours | work. 6 We woulein’ advice unti we know your position, 7 slowy and clearly. 8 Nobody else ‘ight tights, but Lenjoy them, 9 Would you that information? 10 | work for a large aitine, but! lor a smaller one. Use these expressions to make true sentences about your cufrent job, Then work in paits to tak about what you have writen, | don't want to | wouldnt tke to Vorather | want someone to Vd preter to Vd tke to V'6 like my employers to Pror inciation — Word endings 21 Listen and repeat the sentences, starting with the: last werd. Notice haw the end of cne word seems to jon the beginning of the next 1. This i going to make us late. 2 We've gota problem in the hola. 3 What do you think we should do? Functional English — Explaining unk’ words wn 11 Here are examples from the dialogues when people explein what words mean, The thing that holds tho deor onto the cage is broken. We've gota cargo net for catching him. Horo are some more ways to describe an object. What thing are they describing? W's made of sice!. I's something for moving large quantities of goods, It's used to transport goods overseas, This is something that holps companies operaie worldwide, 2 Werk in pairs. You are going to practise describing words. Student A, goto p 104, Student B, go to p 109, ANIMALS IN THE FLIGHT PATH | 35Ursa Section three = Bird strike 1 Wark in pairs, Discuss what kinds of damage a bird strike car 26 Listen tothe recording and decide if the sentences are true or false. Write Tor F 1 plane is hit by four birds. 10 Crow increases powor on engines two and three. They can't see through the windshietd clearly atter the strike, ie piot has dificuty turning let. 3. Listen again and answer the questions ‘A: vihat height does the plane strike the birde? 2 How much fuel is on boerd? 3. Why doesn't the pilot want :o land immediately? 4 What ne plot intend to take next? icons doa! 1 @ 20 Listen to. secton of the dialogue again, and complete he sertences. stiket 6 one. 2 bids! 7 3 running. 8 4 power? 5 let. 2 @ 23 Listen again and underline the stressed syllables, Listen eal the senter Work in pairs. Practise the section of dialogue, untll you can do it without looking at your book. 36 ANIMALS IN THE FLIGHT PATHFunctional English — Saying intentions 1 @ 24 Listen 10 a section of the recording again and complete the dialogue. c PNE PF PNF c PNE T PNF PF PNE S27H. Say (1) What are we (2) todo? Go around tothe lett? Yes.1 don't (3) to land with this much fuel on board Turn left. dump fuel and get bask down, We're (4) make a left otbit ofthe aitfield. S27H. ‘S27H. Can you make right turns? Negative, sir. Right turns wil be very hard. 'd (5) toturn tet ‘S27H, Understand you are unable to make tight turns. Turn feft at your (6) Turning lott, heading 340. $271, OK, we naed to dump fuel as soon as possible Wo (7) to dump fuel to landing weight. S27H. 2 Complete the sentences witn the words in the box gongto aregoing noiplanning planto yougoing 10 ask 1 We ommaintan 5,000 tt. 2 intend contro to chase the geeee off the nina 3 have maintenance check the wings. 4 We arent dump fuol until were nearer th 5 tm 1o inform tne passengers yet 6 ke to activate emergency services? Speaking Work in pairs. Student A, you are the pilot o! WindAir 87, Studant B, you aro the ATC. Spend a fow minutas thinking about what you are going to say, then act out the dialogue. Th Declare bid strike. Invent ‘Yes. Shut down engine Go around to Stato fuel. Not land with ‘so much, Dump OK. Dumo and continue right/ left turn to runway TRU ange roles. arc Pilot Warn of birds possibly inflight path Fire coming from engine. Declare emergency? Intentions? Fight [left Fuelon board? ump fuel? = | Dumponerrinute Ce cmc sect haer)raed Section four - Language development Functional English — Expressing necessity 1 Underline the correct form of the verb, 1 The cabin needs fo clean | cleaning. 2 The controller needs o get / getting in contact with someone in the. next sector. The undercerriage of the Boeing 747 needs fo repair | repairing. We need to change / charging the current radio requoncy, ‘The aircratt will need to retuel / refueling on arrival at JFK, Our technician needs fo come/ coming and fix the radar ‘The landing gear needs to check | checking for any damage. ‘The emergency services need to park / parking neat the end o! the runway. ‘The windshield needs to replace replacing as ithes a big crack ini. ‘The trainee needs to spend spending some time working in a diferent sector this week Seavause Expressing prefe! ces 2. Express your preferences about the following things using the word in brackets, travel on an Albus A380 or on a Bosing 787 Dreamliner? (rather) ‘make voice transmissions or send text messages? (preter) work in a toam or alone? (tke) ‘speak English or your own language at work? (want) tly long distances or shert diatences? (rether) pilot 2 plane wth or without passengers? (orefer) regular hours or chilts? (net want) deal with an unruly passenger or a sick passenger? (not like) travol frst class or economy class? (rathor) wsene Beare Explaining unknown words 3 Complete descriptions 1-10 with words from the box, and match each one to an object a-| remade ‘sused made of something for something that thething usedfor usedto areused use to 1 its strong synthetic fibre and foam, 2 its steering the plane, 3 Its record flight data, 4 its helps contiolers detect and track objects. 5 They of glass. 6 Its detecting possible te 7 Its that cabn crew use to serve food and drinks. ait to store luggage. 9 Its what we communicate with ai traific controllers 10 They tohhelp pilots and controlers to hear and speak easly, 38 ANIMALS IN THE FLIGHT PATH ‘otk nights or days? (prefer) I'd prefer to work days because contro! colurrn flight strip hoadsots litejacket overhead lockor rader radio smoke alarm trolley winashielaSaying intentions and expectations 4 Rearrange the words to create sentences expressing intentions or expectations, assist / communication / Datalink (in / intended / is / pilots /to airspace / clear / controlar / plans / the /the / to ‘aim / betore / dump / fuel /landing / some | to / we 1300 /estimate / at / ETA /hours /1 Jour about/ an (expect / nour /in / land | to / we a delay / going /'m /infoim / of / passengers | to to/ take / slot /off/ next /we're/avellable | in / the /hoping aittie / an | company /every /has / intention / investigation /of / starting /tho 9 at/ depart / expected / fight / hours / is / 1800 /to / 245 10 attendants / fight go// intend /on / slike / the / to /tomerrow Vocabulary ~ Security m 1 Complete the sentences with the words from the box. birdscarer CCTV cameras metaldetectors perimeter fence poison policeunit securlly worker sensor sniffer dog traps, 1A |s used in airports to detect ilegal tems in peoples luggage. 2 Every person boarding a flight must walk through 3A isa piece of equipment tnat reacts to physical changes such as heat, ight or movement. 4 fare sometimes used for catching animals near @ runway, 5A S job Is to protect a building and / or t's surroundings. 6A isa structure made of wire that surrcunds an airport for securty, 7 are placed around an airport to monitor what is happening BA 's tole isto frighten birds from the 2erodrome airspace. 9 soften used to kill animals or bitcs found near a rurway. 10 Some airports have their own to deal with any crimes on location. Vocabulary from the unit === 2 Rearrange the lotte's find the ‘synonyms of words from the unit 1 elksrt tonit 2 dejinra hurt 3 acellops ‘o lal 4 raelt fo warn 5 ehlo crack 6 boknor out of order 7 aaddegm broken 8 egiinnost = ntake 9 acedehist scape 10 ribs punctured ANINALS IN THE FLIGHT PATH 3940 Section one - Ultralight Discuss in pairs. Whats the smallest aroraft you have: a agytocopter b aholcoy © ahang-gider site yaw How many blades does it have? How is i! powered”, How fast can itfly? How is it contrelled” Do you need to be How fong does hanolebar Ntptacaowiy enised pilot to fly I? take to assemble i? your answers with the t The GEN: 4 is the smallest co-axial one-man helicopter in the world. It equipped with miniature engines of 125 cc (6 HP) and two rotors, each with two blades, It can fly up to a ‘maximum altitude of 1,000 m at atop speed of 90 kmh (59 mph) for up to 30 minutes. The rotors have a length ‘of only 4m (238 inches), so noparking problems. The pilot controls the piteh, roll and yaw of the craft by means of a handlebar, using weight-shift to change direction. Pushing the throttle controls climb. As you ad¢ rpm, the fixed-pitch blades provide more lift. To move forward, you pull the handlebar toward you. You turn left or right by flicking a yaw switch with your left thumb, which changes the rotation of the two upper blades, | first saw the GEN-Ha flying at the Newham Air Show, and it was impressive in action. The pilot climbed to about 100 f, rolled to the right and performed a wide turn, He then straightened up and altemated pitching up and down. Sensibly there were no steep dives, but a controlled descenttojust above the ground. After a further series of flight manoeuvres, he hovered ebove the runway before throttling back and sinking gently to the ground. Because it falls into the ultralight category, you don’t need to be a licensed pilot to fly this machine. Training is not a lengthy process, but you will need several sets of spare fotor blades. One pilot said that when hhe was teaching himself to fly he went through four sets of blades before he learned to control the helicopter without tipping over. There are no worldwide standard definitions for ultralight aircraft. So make sure you check the regulations in your own country before you buy. ‘The GEN-Hg comes in kitformandcan be assembled in 4o hours, GRAVITYFunctional English - Explaining how something works 1. Try lo remember the missing words in these sentences from the article, thon look back and check. 1. Tho pilot contiols the pten, roll and yavr af the oratt ahandebay, weight-shift to change director 2 the throttle controls climb. 3. You tum lat or right ‘2 yaw switch with your left thumb, 2 Complete these sentences about basic control ofa fixed-wing aircraft using the words in the box. adjust by means of by means of by moving by raising changes controls lowering move moving pushing turns 1 Cockpit controls the control surfaces rods. cables and pulleys, 2 the control yoke lett or right ‘ol 3. You control the rudder pedals 4 You the pitch the control column backwards or forwards, 5 the left-hand pedal the aircraft to the right 6 The pilot the pitch of the aircraft or the elevators. Vocabulary ~ Manoeuvring an aircraft 1. Wok in pairs. Look at each of the bold words in the text (pitch, rol, ate) and use your hands to demonstrate than, 2. Take turns to-anewer the questions about the GEN-H4. Listen to your partner's answers and say i you agree. 1 What do you do by increasing the revs? 2 Howdo you turn left? What happens when you throttle back? How do you roll ight? What happens if you shift your weight too quickly when taking off? How do you adjust the pitch ofthe aircratt? What do you do by keeping the throtile open end not shifing your weight? 8 Hew do you land? Noose 3 Tell your partner about the most unusual aircraft you've ever flown, or the most unusual vehicle youlve ever driven or ridden in, How were ts controls unusual? Speaking Work in small groups, Discuss the questions, 1 What are the regulations for ulralights in your county? Ie itlegal to fy & CENA? 2 Should pilots nave to be quaiied before they are allowed to use Lutvalighis? 8 What are the advantages and disadvantages of fixed wing akcrati Compared to rotary wing arcratt? 4 Would you tke to fly a GEN Ha? Why / Why nat? Cpan42 Section two - Air race 1 Work in small qroups. Discuss the questions 1. Vinat do youknow about the Red Bull ar race? 2 How are the racing aitcrat different from corventional aircralt? 3. Describe the most amazing aerobatic manoeuvres you have seen (o¥ ‘an air race). 2. ® 25 Listen 10 a radio interview with Brazilian word champion pilot Thiago Silve Corbera. Number tha manoeuvres 1-6 in the order he describes them, 3 25 Listen again and write the names of the manoouvres he deseribes The words you need are in the box (two words are nol nee 4 @ 25 Listen again and answer the questions. Which is Thiago's favourte manoeuvre? 2 Wh 3. What plane is Thiago fying? 4 How mush does Thiago’: plane woigh? How many degrees do the contro! surfaces deflect as a minimum? 6 What happened to Thiago in the 2007 race? How is Thiago feeling about today’s r GRAVITY his more impottant in an air ‘ace ~ speed or manoeuvres?Vocabulary — Units of measurement specifications Extra 300s 1 @ 26 Work in pairs. Discuss how you say these units Renanewic metric of measuromort. Thon listen and repeat. lenath o ~ tom am tim et height em ib kg mm weight (uniedon) 2. ® 27 Listen and complete the table with the wingaiea, specifications of Thiago’s aircratt. grating +f engine 3. ® 28 Discuss wth your parher how to say these nec qed Ee ‘numbers in plain English, Then listen and repeat eee Get climb rate 2 St " oll rate 3 650 am Speaking ‘You ere going to exchange information about two more facing planes. Student A go to p 105 Student B go to p 109, Functional English — Comparing and contrasting 11 Work in pairs. Discuss what the missing word isin each sentence. 1. The CAP 232 Is longer the mox2, 2 The Extra 300s is longest. 3 The CAP 232i. a heavier than the x2, 4 The NOs the powerful 5 The Extra 300s's range isn't as great the Ma's. 2. Write two sentences comparing the racing planes using each of the acjectives in the box heavy powerful tall fost ‘3 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. Try to use expressions from 1 1 In your opinion, what plane has revolutionized air travel? How is / was it different from other planes? 2 What is your favourite type cf plane? Why? 3 Whatis your fevourte airport? Why? GRAVITY4a Section three - Hydraulic loss 4) Workin small groups. Dis 1 What problems can hydraulic fallure cause for: a. airoorne aircraft? b_airtratfic control? 2 Is hydraulic failure common? Why / Wry not? Do you know of any incidents or accidents related to hydraulic problems? 4 Make a ist of the parts of an aircraft that can be aifected by hydraulic failure. 2. ® 29 Listen to the frst partof a conversetion between a pilot and an approach controler. Doas the pilot mention any of the paris you listed? 3 Underline the correct words to complete the controter’s summary of the situation Executive 56 has (1) no/iow pressure in ther hydraulic system, itis ciffcult for the crew to control the (2) yaw / bank and the pitch of the aircraft. They can only make (3) small/big turns and they ‘ere using (4) asymmetrical thrust/ ine controt surfaces to turn. They would like to try and fly (6) west /eastof the airpaxt for a (6) short/long final 4 30 Tick (V) the things you think will happen, Add two more, Then listen and check your answers, The crew will. ‘exocute a misead approach bbe forced to ditch the aircraft in afield adopt lancing configuration to control speed and height ‘The controlier will. {ve the crew vaciors to the runway ask the pilot to switch frequency to the tower controler 5 @ 31 Listen to the final exchange between the pilot and the coniralex What heppened io Executive 56 in the enc? GravityFunctional English — Expressing difficulty and offering help 92 Work in pelts, Try to remember some of the words and expressions that complete the sentences from the conversation. Then listen and complete the sentences. 1 Were controling the attitude, 2 Ite ‘establish level flight 3 Just tellme and for you, 4 Were keep it straight and level 5 emergency assistance at the lar end of the runway? 6 tine you up with the end of the runway right now? 7 Wetereally fellow a heading, 8 Is you need? Pronunciation — Tonic stress 1 ® 32 In Unit 3 we looked at how the words that carry most meaning in a sentence are stroesed. In Addition, the word that the speaker thinks is the mest imporiant caries even sironger emphasis than the others. Listen to how the intonation rises on the word attitude in the sentence. Wete hang woud conetrg te ute. 2 32 Work in pairs. In sentences 2-8 of Functional English, ciscuss which word or part of a word YoU thnk should cary the most toss, and@Greiit Then iste tothe senionces agar 3 92 Listen and repeat the sentences. Then. with a partner, practise ‘saying the sentences, ‘concentrating on making your intonation rise on the most impertant word. Listen cavetully and give feedback on your partner's pronunciation, Speaking — Helping a pilot in difficulty 1. Workin pairs. For each siuetion, decide what things the pilot is having dificuly with, and what help the air trafic controller could offer. Then roleplay the situations, using expressions from the unit. pilot having difficulty with help offered by ATC 1. Alight aicratt has landed in rrarginal wether and skidded Of the runway cnto the field 2 Ahelicopter has total hydraulic failure 2 Change partners and roleplay the situations again, GRAVITY | 45Section four - Language development Eng plaining how something wo! 1 Ungettine the correct option 1 Apilotis able to steer a plane by means of by light coniras, 2 Conirolle's are able to observe the progress of a fight through / with the use of radar. 3 The second level in the Airbus A380 is accessed by the way of / by way of e curving set of stairs. Pilots keep unwanted passengers out of the cockpit 8y/ wiih the use of lacking the dr. The Boeing 747 is powered by way of by four engines. With the help of] By an escape chute, pessergers and crew aro able to evacuate the aircraft quickly, Flight safety is maintained through using regular maintenance checks Aerodrome contolers are able to see aircraft clearly by way of / with the help ofbinoculars. You climb and descend using / through the throttle contre. 10 The presence of ice on aircrall wirgs is reduced threugh ( by means of de-icing chemicals. 4 8 9 small — smaller easy —b easier important > more mportent fer —P father / turer 2 Change adjectives 1-10 0 comparatives. 1 bad 6 short 2 quick 7 windy 3 fast 8 serous 4 good 9 tal 5 busy 10 wgont 3. Complete the sentences using the words in the box. Not all he words are needed, abit alotmore as good es many farther then te fonger than more mostimporiant much heavier powerful as 1 Steel ie than aluminium, 2. The Airbus A320is as, the Boeing 747, 3 An Airbus A380 is Concorde. 4. French ATCs are 28 controllers in Germany, 5 The function of an a traffic controle: is to ensure the safe separation of air traffic. 6 The Airbus A820 can carry passengers as ihe Boeing 747, 7 A jumbo jet is able to fly alight aireratt. 8 Captain Emery flew mies than Captain Rober's last year. 4 Complete the sentences by putting the adjective in the comparative form 1. Heathrow is mucin (0usy) tnan London's otner airports, 2. They are making the airport (big) to accommodate increased trafic 3. Airtravel was a lot (expensive) a few years ago, 4 Airtraffic control systems are getting (safe) all the time, 5 Modern planes are (fuel-efficient) than planes thity yeare ago. © The fight was (long) than usual because there was a strong headwinds 46 GRAVITYExpressing difficulty and offering assistance 5 Rearrange the words to make complete sentences. having /I'm /is// pilot / saying / the / trouble / understanding / what background / because /dificult/ hear its / nose /of the / 10 / you conta fighting / plane / the / 1 | we're air /in/ increase / keep / struggling / with / the / they're / to / traffic / up assistance / you /emergency like / would ? anything /is need | ese /there / you? ‘and Jo / get /111/ 8 / need (re / tl Nounene what / you / you Vocabulary - Manoeuvring an alreraft 1. Maich the beginnings with the endings to make sentences. 41 The pilot flew inside a loop and... 2 He did a full ol And then they yaw 4 They lost control and started to forward on the stick the helipad before landing the thn b d_ picned yp into a circle, © Aerobatic manoeuvies involve several hundred feet. 6 You start a dive by pushing 1 tipping over. 7 They increased power and cimbed ... 9. by rotating 360". 8 He eventually learnt to control the helicopter without 180° to a nose-down 9 In aGEN-Ha you twist. 1 ese attitude 40 The helicopter hovered above i ot of training and ski, Vocabulary from the unit 2. Rearrange the letters in the words from the unit to complote the dinitions. 1. An aeroplane isa defix-ginw aircraft 2 Anelicopter is an example of aorrty-igwn aircratt. 3 Agahn-edgilr is a simple aircra‘t with no engine that you lie underneath ‘and contol by shifting your weight Alergid is a ight plane with no engine. ‘A.wto ckertu or tuo is a Vehiole used to taxi aircraft. I something is aegikin, liquid or gas is coming out of it through a hole. oa GRAVITY | 4748 defi 2. Match each of th medical equiprre that treats it severe allergic reaction diabetic episode acut limb fracture a serious head injury heart attack yore asthrra attack 3. Read the article, Match the sections A-E to events 1-7. Some sections may match more than one event A 8 e ‘when sudde clutching his chest and struggling 10 breathe. This one of the situations that cabin erew are tmined to deal with, ‘are equipped for So what ‘emergencies? the most common medical This even feading cause of leading medical cause: “Medical kits include aspirin and a vasedilator spray 0 keep the blood ain in crew are flowing when there is chest case of cardiac arrest, HEALTH D or EpiPen Inhaler B E trained (o give CPR, while many airlines pw also carry éefibnilaters to restart the heart, Cardiac monitors ae used increasingly s0 chat inbe nsmitted to medical advisors on the round, large number of diversions by injuries to passengers, lems falling from the overhead storage bans ret ‘common cause of head injury; while lunespected turbulence can easily result Inbroken bones. Frst-aid Kits ace ‘equipped with splints and bandages 10 stabilize imbs, 25 well as plasters for causedl © Db FE Mos mei Asthma sa common condition that ean be lfethretening, especally when the siferer's inhaler isin the baggage hole In-adltion to oxygen, bronchoxbtaiors andadrenaline are kept in order to ‘open up the airways, angerous breathing problems ‘can also resul fiom severe allergic reaction, which worries airlines So ‘much that some no longer serve peanuts. Most carry EpiPens, as histamine and ales anaphylactic shock, to prevent al kiss contain glucose and ghicagon injections to treat passengers ‘who suffer hypoglycaemic episodes, The disruption of regular eating habits can lead (04 dangerous drop in blood sugar levels4 ead the article again and answer the questions, What event causes most deaths on board planes? What are the two main causes of injury? When can asthma be especially cangerous on flights? What have some airlines done to prevent dangerous allergic reactons? Why do diabetics somatimes have problems when flying? 5 Workin pairs. Discuss the questiors. 1. Have you received training to deal with medical emergancios? ‘What were the mest important things you leamed? 2. Have you ever witnessed a medical emergency in your job? What happened? Functional English — Expressing cause and effect Try to remember the words and expressions from the article, then look back to check. 1. This is the of inflight death, 2. Alaige number of diversions are Injuries to passengers. 3. Unexpected turbulence can easily broken bones. 4 Dangerous breathing problems can also severe alergic reacton. 5. The disruption of requiar eating habits can a dangarous drep in blood sugar levels. Vocabulary - Medical emergencies Match the words in bold in the text with « definition below. the tubes in the body thet we breathe through a sudden attack of an illness — ‘a box containing emergency medical supplies = the arms and legs ‘a machine for checking how well the heart is working ‘a sudden and extremely dangerous allergic reaction the sudden stopping of the hoart ‘a small measure of medicine for putting ito the body through aneedle ‘Speaking — Saving the life of your airline 1 Read the situation ‘You work for a smal zirine which has had to make a record ‘number of diversions due to madical emergencies in the past year. As @ result, itis in serious financial rouble, and itmust avoid any more diversions. It has offered a prize for the best suggestions to help it achiave thi Werk in pairs. Think of five inexpensive measures itn take to achiove this. Write down your ideas 2s five action points. Be creative! 2. Share your ideas with the group. Vote on the tive most original HEALTH | 49Section two - Stressed? 1 Matchthe adjectives with their definitions. 1 tun down, a extremely tired 2. stressed b abit depressed 3. overworked © feeling under pressure 4 exhausted d_ anxious about something 5. worried having to werk more than you 6 iritable are able to 7 down 1 unable to concentrate 8 uniocused 9 unhealthy because of too litle sleep and too much work h easly annoyed 2 Choose three of the adjectives. Tell your pertner about the last time your work made you fee! ke that 3. Make a lst of things that can cause someone siressin their life 4, @ 55 Linton to part of a workshop on ‘Dealing with stress and tick (¥) the reasons you listed that are mentioned 5 @ 33 Listen again and note down the ways for dealing with stross that people suggest. 6 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. Doos stress often fect people in your job? Why / Why nor? ‘What tells you that a colleague is becoming stressed? \What can an employer do to reduce stress in its employees? Functional English - Making suggestions and giving advice 1 © 33 Work in pairs. Try and remember the words and oxpressions irom the workshop. Then listen again and check 1 identify the sources of stress. 2 Some experts keeping a diary 3 You tty and take holidays from work regularly 4 I thin to talk to a tiend about your problems and feelings. 5 you {get professional help on how to deal with it. 6 Forme, the dealing with stress is to make sure you exercise, eat and sleep wel. 7 And if you can't sleep et all, well, then see your doctor 8 isto try and make more time for those things you enjoy, 9 a strested friend or colleague to try some stress-reducing techniques 2. Complete these sentences aiving advice about minimizing the effecis of jet lag using the words in the box advise canhelp _maywant shouldn't suggest suggest ty and 1 You take a nap when you arrive, 21 yyou dink plenty of water before, during and alter tne fight 3 it to take a melatonin supplement when you artve, 4 You to keep to your home schedule on a short trip 51 scheduling important meetings ta times that correspond to waking times at home, avoid light at imes when i would be dark at home. would You to avoid heavy meals at a time when you would have a light meal at home. 50 HEALTHPronunciation - Consonant clusters 1 1 @ 34 Words beginning with more than one consenant can cause misunderstandings, Listen and repeat these words fiom the workshop. stess pressure spending flaps fight breakdown speci plans 2 @) 35 Rearrange the words to form sentences. Then listen and check your answers. Practise saying the sentences with the recrding, 1 stil we'te /10/ get / slot /a/ struggling 2 light /brake/ the / blinking /is 3. enough’ ctive / on | to is / runway | the / dry ? 4. need / are / trazen / and / laps / treaing / the 5 the/ wipe / grease the // glass / off 6 tried / to /I've/ the / fixed | twice / trouble 7 thweat / country /throughout of /there's / stikes / a / the Speaking — Giving advice 1 Work with @ pariner who does the same job as you. As an experienced worker, you have been asked to prepare a short tak on ‘Minimizing stress’ for people just starting ther career. Identify the times when they can expect to fee! siressac, and prepare a numiber of tips to help them deal with this, 2. Form email groups, Give your talk to the group. HEALTH | 5152 Section three - Medical emergency 1. @ 36 Listen to tne dialogue and answer the questions 1. Who do the fight crew contact and speak to? 2 Why do thoy speak to these people? 3. What activity caused the passenger's ilhess? 2. 36 Listen again and underline the correct information, 1 The sick passenger is Beiaian / Egyptian. he fights on its way to / departing trom Egy. 3. The sick passenger is about 19/29 years old. 4 The sick passenger is sitting at the frant /back ol the plana, 5 Hehas been cn holiday /a businessttip for five /ton days, © The fights planned destinaton is France / somewhere on the Fed Sea, 7 The fight has been airborne fer 50/ 15 minutes. 8 The medical advisor els tne captain to return to the airport / descend immediately. 3. © 36 What are the passenger's symptoms? Listen again and tick (¥/) the symptoms you heat. rouble breathing shaking very pale in great pain coughing biood sweating || vomiting losing consciousness Functional English ~ Giving and asking for updates 1 @ 07 Tho crow update the modical advisor with the latest news cf the situation, Work in pais. Try to remember tne missing words, then listen and check. We oved the other passengers away, removed his seat belt? We found anytning ese eaten of drunk anything? ' Jooked in his hand luggage. 2. Discuss the questions, 1. What tense is used in these sentences, 2 How is @ formed? 3. Complete the dialogue using the expressions in the box Ve already done hos allen ‘seut_ haventtakenitye! ‘s ost __hssr/t stopped yet ‘s just regained Captain A laptop (1) onan elderly female passenger, She (2) her head very badly. She (3) consciousness. Medical advisor Has the bloecing stopped? Captain No, it (4) Medical advisor You need to put a bandage on it Captain We (5) that. I'e etl bleeding though, Medical advisor How's her pulse? Captain We (6) ‘An=she (7) consciousness. Medical advisor That's good. You can give hor oxygen it nec HEALTHPronunciation - Intonation of lists 11 (38 Listen to the sentence from the dialogue and notice the intonation. He's hevng citouty Breathing, hes shaking badly and hs ayes are shut 2 Draw an arrow — or 2 to show where the intonation rises and falls in the folowing list. 1. Nausea, dizziness, losing consciousnese and sweating. 2 She's trembing, ccughing and crying. 3. Lie the passenger down, put him in recovery postion and call MedLink, 3. ® 39 Listen and check your answers, then listen and repeat, Speaking 1 Work in pairs. For each of the medical problems below, share your knowledge to write a list of three ‘symptoms you would exnect someone to have. Then, write a list of actions that should be taken to help tho person ‘condition symptoms, | actions heart tack hypoglycaemic episode fractured arm saver allargic reaction 2. Change partners. Roleplay the situations, inventing details where necessary. Take turns tobe the captain and the radical advisor. [eset Ky a HEALTH | 5354 Section four - Language development Functional English — Expressing cause and effect 11 Complete sentences 1-10 with the prepositons from the box. from in by of to 1 Anepileptic fitis caused a sudden burst of excess electrical activity in the brain Excessive alechol consumption is the leacing cause air rage. Poor judgement by the pilot almoat resulted = fatal incident Several lights have been diverted as a result storms, For controllers and pilots, lack of sleep can lead errors, ‘Aviation accidents are often caused —__ human error. etter training for fight crew resulted _ —fotier passenger fatalities. The leading cause flight delays is poor air traffic management Better fight safety has resulted _ improvements in technology, Making suggestions and giving advice 2. Underline the correct option, 1 You won'tbe able to board the plane, si. Please try fo calm down | calming down. 2 You shoutd take / taking a thick coat and a halt, because Moscow is Cold! 3 She was advised fo go/ going to passport control immediately, 4 Due to the reporied severe turbulence, they suggested to follow | following a revisod fight path. 5 Toavoid deep vein thrombosis, it can help fo waik | walking around the cabin curing the tight. 6 The passenger had a very bad headache, so the fight attendant suggested take! taking an aspirin, 7 8 9 10 It's good idea to go/ going through the passenger's bolangings to see if they are taking any medicaticn, A good way of siabilice/ stabilizing a broken limb is to use a splint You may want fo move / moving the patient to the rear of the plane, away fram the cther passengers, Try giving /1o give the passenger an aspirin ~ that may relieve hie chest pain Giving and asking for updates 3 Rearrange the words to make complete sentences, 1 stopped /he /yet /has / vomiting ? 2 any began / have’ idea / symptoms / be / when / you? 3 and / blood / fallen /has / pressure / he / is / looks / pale | very 4 alroady /© I've / MedLink / spoken 5 into /'ve just / recovery / passenger / position / put /the / the 6 yet/ bleeding [the / stopped /hasn't 7 and /cut/has / head /his/ immediately /neods | passenger / the / treating 8 has / consciousness | the / regained /just / passenger HEALTHVocabulary — Medical emergencies 1 Match the emergencies 1-7 with their synonyms a-g. 1 anallergic reaction a abroken bone 2 adiabatic opisode early labour 3. airrage © hypogiycaemic episode 4 anashmaattack d_ cardiac arrest 5 afracture © an agitated cr violent passenger 6 premature chilatsith 1 breathing problems 7 ahear attack 9. anaphylactic shock 2 Complete the sentences with an item from each box. give openup stabiiae inject struggling go restart irways labour limb CPR breathe insulin heart 1. Inthe case of a broken leg, the first thing to do is Stabilize the lis 2 Women in lato prognancy are discouraged from fying in case they into 3 Diabetics nave to themselves with to control their blood sugar levels. 4. Cabin crew are trained to in case of a heart attack 5. Adefibritator can be used to the itit stops beating. 6 Asthma suifeors can carry an inhaler 10 the it thoy have an attack. 7 An oxygen mask wit help a passenger who is to 3. Complete the sentences 1-10 with the words from the box. adrenaline antihistamine aspirin bandage CPR defibrillator EpiPen Inhaler plaster splint 1 Ala) iealong thin pisco of cloth that you weap around an injured part of your body, 2. Cabin crew are trained to give in case of carciac arrest 3 Ain) ea pioco of metal, plastic, or woad that is put rext to a broken bone in order {to hold itin piace, 4 thin piece of cleth or plastic that sticks to your skin to cover a cutis called a(n) —___ 5 Ain) is oten used by asthma suterers, 6 is drug that cures minor pain or that is used to improve the blood flow \whon a patient complains of chest pain 7 and are administered using an can be used to prevent anaphylactic shack. 8 Ain) is amacnine that gives an electric shock to a patient to restore ‘normal heart rhythm, cd caSection one — Fire risk 1. Work in pats. Discuss the questions. 1. What do you think is the most common cause of fi 2 What incidents caused by on board planes? fire havo you heard about? was fre started by metal touching metal? 2. did someone ty to illegally ship explosive powder? 3. did the movement ofthe sircralt cause a fre? 4 did leakag a dangerous chemical reac 5 was a fire discovered ater landing’ 6 did heat from a chemical recotion start a fre? 7. did.an explosion in the hod cause a plane to crash? 8 did.a passenger accidentally bring a dangerous tem on board? n ariving atthe destination, one Federal polce wore called toa Fassenger's tag ned smoke coming out | baggage carousel at an itemationl ‘fil A.check bythe atine revealed that | apart to check an uncaimed bag, An ‘ecgerat lighter hac ignited and bumed | inspection of the contents revealed a fre ‘somie ofthe doting. extinguisher and @ packet o senowiches. Iwas finally discewered that a passenger had accidental taken a taxi cver's bag ‘An creraft crashed dus to a ‘rom the carand didn’t tice tat he ‘faammatie liquid — possibly perfume — checked in an adkitional bay leaking in passenger's stowed baggage ‘An ignition source setight to the laud, ‘causing an exposion. A shigper consigned a wet-cel battery, undeclared as dangerous ocods Before consignment he empiiod the acid ‘courier driver arved ata ‘out of the battery. But he also placed ‘reighi-forwarder's premises and asked ‘a brake cable in the same package. ‘oick w 2 lage crate which contained | On arial of tho airrat, smoke from ‘an axplosive matoral inthe form of a the package set of a smoke detector black powder. The owner knew it was ‘because the brake cable had caused a prohibited, and was aready in trouble short cccut of tha torial with the pace for collecting a britease {ullof fireworks from te airport two ays eater. tha cargo hanger, a canaine ignited Or. item of cargo in the container was an oxen generator undectared as dangerous goods, Thess devices produne ‘oygen by chemical reaction, which Creates significant heat Undeclared dangerous goods desorbed a ‘aundty products’ contained mistue ‘of actenical soliton and caresive sos ftwes todd on is side inthe cargo ‘compartment and te quid eaked onto the sobs, causing a very hot fre. While unleading baggage, around staff noticed smoke rising from @ suilcase, Investigation revealed that a ‘uantiy of matches had iaited due to bration in the hold,3 Decide i the sentences are true or false. Write Tor F. Then road the toxt egain to cheok In incident A, the cigarette ightor caught fire first. In incident 8, a spark may have set the perture alight, In incident C, the courier driver had fireworks in hi truck, In incident D, the passenger was a taxi drives. In incident E, the shipper hadn't taken any precautions {In incident F, heat from the aircraft ignited oxygen, In incident G, the goods were incorrectly loaded in the hold. In incident H, ground statf immedately knew the cause of the fre, Vocabulary - collocations related to fire Match a word on the lett with @ word on the right to make colocations from the incident reports, 1. cigarette circuit 2 tre b reaction 3. conosive © lquid 4. ignition extinguisher 5 chemical sdlics 6 smoke 1 lighter 7. flammable 9 scurce 8 cangercus h material 9. explosive 1 goods 10. short j detector Functional English — Obligation, prohibition and permission 1 01 Listen to a spokeswoman from the Australian CAA commenting on the dangerous goods reports, Underline the correct inforrnation, 1 Many / Not snany passengers fy with dangerous ‘goods by mistake. 2 Corroctly-doclared goods cause hardly any /mast fhe, 3 Airpor staif should possibly be better trained in dealing with fires / dangerous goods 2 #01 Listen again and compete the sentences, Most passengers know what they and bring into an airport 2 Its obvious that you bing anything explosive on board, 3 Although some people sil ry, even wen they know ts 4 The ounerofthe black powder knew he wasn't transport without declaring # as dangerous goods. 5 You declare dangerous goods or you are 6 Its diffcultto understand, for example, how someone chemical scluions and corrosive soiss on board Speaking Work in pairs. You are going to roleplay a customs official explaining rules about prohibited goods to a passenger. ‘Student 4 iook at p 105. Student B look at p 109, FIRE 57beard Section two - Smoke-jumper 58 Below are some woids end phrases for describing tres. Put each one in‘o the correct column: Spread containafire extinguish afire setsemething-enire ignite put outa fire go out burn spray fire-retardant liquid smouider catch ire explode start continue stop Set Senathing on fire ‘Work in paire. Look atthe pictures. Tell the story, Use the words in exercise 1 Work in pairs, Look at the photographs ofthe aerial ire service in action at the top o' the page. Discuss the questions. 1. Inwhat type of environment would they be needed? 2 How-do they tackle tres from the air and on the ground? 02 Listen to a radio feature about an aerial fre servic What are the jobs of the three people who talk to the radio presenter? FIRE5 @ 02 Listen again and undesine the comect information, 1 2 3 4 8 6 This aerial fie service operates in Mongolia / Siberia Wild tres are usually caused by nalural phenomena /human activity. Wild fires start because the forest is cry / people are careless. ‘Summer /Auturm is the busiest time of year. In order to make a sale drop, the pilot sometimes has to make two or three circuits /rrust keep upwind of the fre. For the smoke jumper, extinguishing the fre / finding a way out of the forest is the most difficult thing, Functional English — Orders and requests 1 @ 03 Complete the sontonces from the radio feature, then listen and check. 1 your full kit 4 us how fires are caused? 2 for inspection, 8 about your work on the grounc? 3 your work to us? 6 Jumpers, talk ready ... drop zone! 2 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 1 Which sentences sound polte? Why? 2 Would you use similar expressions and intonation in your language to make a potte request? 3 @ 02 Liston again and repost the eontoncos. 4. We often use getin place of verbs of movement in ocers. Make the lofowing polite requests ito orcers with get Could you exit the runway, please? Get off the ranuty! Would you bring me some water, please? Could you move away tom the arcratt, please? Could you leave the siroratt as quickly as poasibie? Can you find a fie extinguisher, please? Would you put on your mask, please? ousaene ‘5 Work in groups. One student make 2 series of orders and polite requests in the same way. Qiher students obey polite requests, but not orders. Speaking ‘Work in pairs, Discuss the quostions. 1. Do you have an aerial firefighting service in your country? Why / Why not? 2 Would you like to werk in aerial lirefighting operations? Way / Why ct? FIRE | 59eich renee Section three - On-board fire 1. Compete the sentences with the verbs below. comeloose setoff reel overheated trips short-crcull overloaded 1) The fan has — there's smoke corring from it 2 IManyone smokes in the tolet, twit the smoke detector. This outlet is ‘80 we need to unplug a couple of things 4. Some wiring has and needs securing in place. 5. Water has got into the wires and caused ine system to 6 Ifthe crcuit-breaker you need to i 2 Workin small groups. When a fire is discovered durng a fight, $i more important to fight the fire or land the plane? Why? 3 ® 04,05,05 Listen to intra-cocpit ang radioelepnony ‘communications from a 8747 in the cruise phase of flight Tick (¥) the things that the crew do, puton their oxygen masks inform air tafe control about the problem investigate the cause ofthe fre try to extinguish the fire make an announcement to passengers initate an emergency descent 4 ® 04,05,06 Liston again and answer the questions How do the craw fret realize there ie a problem? ‘What does the pilot tink the cause could be’ Where is the smell coming from? How do they deal win the passengers who t uncomfortable? ‘What two possible causes does the cabin crew manager mention? 6 What equipmont does the cabin crew manager put on before investigating again? Pronunciation — /l/ and /r 1 @ 07 Liston to six words. Write A or B, according 3 Werk in pairs. Take turns to read one word from each to the word you hear fn. The person listening must say if hey hear A or B, A B 4. Now practise these sentences, 1 Fight light 2 fright flight 1 The right light is broken, 3. frame flame We had a fright wnen the fight landed heavily, 4 wong tong The flame came fom the ar tame. 5 roa load Tho pilot fying took a wrong turn, 6 arrive lve They'ltranspor the load by road, All systems must be upgraded or replaced. was glad to arrive alive File the report on the fre, 2 07 Listen again and repeat the words. FIREFunctional English — Identifying and responding to problems Complete the extracts trom the dialogue with the words below. Then Fsten and check. 1 @os happened litry what overheated liask problem where's tripped PF) was that? This isnt ight PNE What's (2) 2 PF Thee circut-breakers have (3) Theyre showing a (4) PNF (5) the problem? PF _inone of the washrooms. Maybe the fan ( PNF (7) the cabin crew manager to Jook into. PF (8) and reset the circuitbreaker 2 06 \rouble why smoke's haveto con't _iniiating © 14) {90% back there PNF (2) not? © The @) too heavy. PNF Are the passengors Ok’ © People ate starting to nave (4) PNF We (s) ee PF) on enecoerelal A Speakins peeking Say there ip a 11 The low chat shows the pattem of communication in eroblen the two dialogues in the Functional English section. Complete the boxes with the appropriate siaternent, ‘The first one has been done for you. ‘Say what the problem is, es, ‘Announce action (x2) Request claritation ess Say there is e-prodien Request further clarficaton Give more information ‘Work in pairs. Use the prompis 1o make dialogues based on tne flow chart pattern. Invent your own details. There is a smell of burning plastic in the galley The floor in business class fee's hot, There ere sparks under the inetrument pane! ‘There is smoke coming from a bag in an overhead locker. FIRE 61Section four — Language development Functional English — Obligation, prohibition and permission 11 Complete the sentences with ine words and phrases in the box. In some cases, more than cne answer is possible. breaking the law canandcant naveto ilegal tet musin’t notallowed permitted prohibited required 1 itis to smoke in the washroom. 2 Passengers are not to enter the cockpit at any time, 3 You are to leave your seat during teke-off and landing, 4 Carrying anything explosive onto a plane is 5 The cabin crew inform passengers of safety procedures in the event of an accident at the beginning of every fight © Allpassengers tying to and from the US are tocarty a machine-readable passport 7. Tha man was not on board because he appeared to be carrying suspicious goods in his hand luggage. 8 ts to fly a plane without a license. 9 Hand luggage to be taken into the cabin contain any dangerous or flammable tems. 10 Flight regulations clearly state what passengers bring onto a pane. Functional English - Orders and requests 2. Rearrange the words to make orders. 1 immediately / fasten / passengers / seatbelts / ell/ the /their/ to 2. don't hot/it/its/'s0// touch / very 3. tell/ severe / we / passenger / MedLink ! have / and / burns /call | them fa with 4 about / and / contact / emergency / problem / services /tell/the /the | them 5 engine /down | two/ number / shut 5 aerodrome / inform / nearest / of / pot /the / the 7 trom /passengers / stop / the /the / using | washroom, 8 as/as /get /ot / out / plane { possible / quickly / the 3. Make the following ovders into polite requests. use the verbs in brackets, 1 Get me some water! (ering) 2 Quick! Get a fre extinguisher! (find) 9 Get off the runway! (ext) 4 Get your seatbelts on! (asten) 5 Get on your masks! (outon) 6 Get ATC on the radio! (contact) 7 Find the checklist for fro! (look fox) 8 Tell memore! (ave) © Don't bother the pilot! (isturb) 10 Tel me where the nearest aerodrome is, (let know) 62 | FIREIdentifying and responding to problems 4. Find and correct the mistake in each sentence. What is happened? has Show mo whore is the problem? What shall we doing about it? 4. Are OK the passongere? Liry and reset them, Il asking the cabin crew manager to look into i {il contact ATC and deciare tor an emergency. Let get the passengers! masks on. Vocabulary — collocations related to fire 1 Match the beginnings with endings to make sentences. 1 The controllers aletted the . @ blaze at San Francisco airport, 2 One of the tyres caught. plastic near his seat. 3 ‘I took eleven tirefighiers to contain engulfed the plane just seconds 4. The fight attendant ried his bes! to everyone had been evacueted, ‘extinguish d- the small fire in the washroom, 5 The plots coud see. € extinguishers on every pane, 6 The emergency tre service sprayed {fie onianaing, the empanage othe plane with 9 the fen neal 7 wo fre services were involved in fh emcke conics attempting o tackle the under the cockpit doo 8 Apassengerthoughthe could sel | emerganey Senda burning ‘as soon as they realized there was a problem, © There should be several fre an 10 The fames completely Vocabulary from the unit 2 Rearrange the letters in the werds from tho unit to match the defntions. 1 adepre (0% ie) to gadUal aifec! alarger areal 2 estfot toccauise something 6 operate orto oxpleds 3 deimorsu toburn sbwy, producing smoke butno flames 4 ealint to.startto burn, orto make something stat to burn 5 horsteciirtu. a bad electrical enféction that prevents a piece of equlprort from werking 6 efirgruinheetsix a toemtited container that is used to put out ¢ fre 7 xegney ake an sbjct that its ver our lace and isusedochetang tobreathe normally 8 oohs 2 very long tube that water can flow throughPam) METEOROLOGY Section one - Microburst Match the descriptions below with letters A-E in the diagram, 1 Tailwind increases 2 The arroralt has inoreased lift 3. Headwind increases 4 The arcratt suddenly joses lit and air speed 5 Adowndratt of cold air Read the text and decide ifthe sentences are true oF false. White Tor F Flight 191 landed on a shart runway, The problem was caused by fast-moving cold air Tec Fujida piloted a piane through ¢ microburst. Americen pilots found a method for surviving a mi 64 | METEOROLOGYobursts As Delta Airlines Flight 191 approached Dallas-Fort Worth airport on a hot summer's day in 1989, it flew into a thunderstorm, The storm quickly got worse, and the crew noticed that something extromely strange was beginning to happen. AL 800 ft, they suddenly began to, lose control of the plane's speed, which increased to 173 kt without any throttle, Just. as suddenly, the spood dropped to 119 kt, even though, the pilot was applying full power To prevent a siall, the pilot pushed the nose down. ‘The plane could not gain height, and came down far short of the runway. The freak weather that brought down Flight 191 was a microburst, Millions of dollars have been spent on pilot training and detection systems to ensure that planes can now survive this dangerous phenomenon. -a battle against ‘A microburst is essentially a shaft ff fast-moving cold air that hits the earth from high up in the atmosphere, then explodes upwards and outwards A low-lying plane encountering this woul fly rst into a strong headwind, then a downdraught, then a fierce lullwind, which forces it to lose height rapidly. A microburst is caused ‘when a thunderstorm carries massive amounts of wet warm air high into the ‘atmosphere on iis strong updraughts. ‘This air then cools and becomes Deavier, causing it to plunge to earth. ‘The first person to suspect the existence of this phenomenon was a rosearcher called Ted Fujida, who was flying over a Siberian forest in 1972 when he observed how tens of thousands of trees had been blown. down in a patiern radiating outwards from a single point. He knew that the nature cause could not be «massive tornado, as the crew sald, hecause tornado. follows a path. Research into the phenomenon began, but progress was quite slow until the BOs, when research by NASA gave us an understanding of how microbursts are caused, and It was recognized that even a large aircraft could not survive them. ‘The survival technique that pilots are taught today was developed by wo ‘American pilots in tho 19800, The requited action goes against natural {instincts ~ apply full power and pull thenose up at least 15° until the stall warning is triggered, and then hold on through the turbulence. Without doubt, the insight and determination of the people who first recognized ‘and studied microbursts thirty years ago has saved the lives of thousands of passengers. 3 Read the text again and answer the questions. 1 What effect did the microburst have on the speed of flight 191? 2. How cid the crew try to avoid stalling the airorait? In your own words, how is a microburst formed? 4. What effects does a microburst have on a low-fying aircran? 5 How did Ted Fujida know a tornada did not damage the lowest? 6 How do pilots today dea! with microbursis? Functional English — Changing the strength of adjectives We cen use adverbs to make an adjective weaker (0 stronger ‘something extremely strange was beginning to happen progress was quite slow (Or we ean use an extrome adjective. massive tornado 11 Number those words oF exprossions from 1 (woakest) 106 (strongest) really | absolutely huge quite / fairly / prety big huge very /really big rot big at all oxtramoly big 2. Underline the best adjective to complete the sentances. 1 ts very /absolutey freezing in winter in Siberia, and you need a fur hat 2. Libya is extremely /notat al hot for most of the year, which can cause overheating problems. It gets quite / extremely cold at night, but the temperature never falls below freezing, 4. You get some realy / very incredible storms in the mountains The runway can be absolutely / pretty slippery, even alter the snow is cleared, o Speaking Work in groups. Talk about the most extreme weathor concitions you have experienced, Tak about * when and where they happened how bad the woather was ‘© what happened ‘+ what happened et the ond of the story + any davelopments / results of ths. METEOROLOGY | 65thunderstorm gale ‘monsoon fog hurricane hailstorm 2 Work in pairs. Discuss which weather type(s) you could find in 1 a tropical area 2 anorner coastal area 3 aninland area 3 Match the words with the dafintions 1. visibtity a. (ofa surface) dificult to move on because itis wet or smooth 2 slippery bused to describe weather that keeps changing 3. overcast ¢ how far you can see, depending on weather conaitons 4 sticky d_used to describe westher that makes you feel ho! and uncomfortable 5 unstable ‘© completely cloudy, s0 thal you cannot g0e the sun 4 @ 08 Usten to four weather descriptions. Number the piaces on the map in the order you hear them. SD gist = Bi = Bristol or a ; a | ! 5 ® 08 Listen agan and make notes to complete the chart Bristol Almaty Kerala Winter overcast arizzle ‘Summer Prevailing wind Warning NETEOROLOGYVocabulary - Weather words Match the adjectives with the nouns that they describe. good (x2) humid mild stormy (x2) rough smooth overcast clear strong ght (x2) heavy poor freezing ‘weather conditions avid 1 i 1 1 2 anapproach } 3. the oky it 4 wind i 1 5 rain } 6 visbity } Functional English — Results and consequences @ 09 Listen and complete the sentences irom the Istening. i — of ihe warm Attantic winds, the temperature remains quite high, 2 Aircrait usualy depart on the south-west heading prevailing south-westerly winds, 3. The airport operator has just resurfaced the runway, and this cometimes there can be standing water. 4 This quite long delays as aircraft have to enter holding patterns. 5 Itean be difficut to predict the heavy rains, and flooding can happen at any time. 6 consequence, pois need to be carelul ust before the monsoon, Listening ~ Weather forecast 41 Look at the weather forecast for Bristol, Discuss what effect the weather wit have on flights into and out cf Bristol over the next 12 hours. Try fo use expressions, from the exercise sbove, 2 ® 10 Listen toa briefing rom the ATC shift supervisor and underline the correct information, 1 Controllers working the approach / departure areas are going to be busy 2 The evening / night shifts going io be quieter than the evening right shit. 3 The upper airspace / aprons going to be very quiet over the next 12 hours. 4 Its gong to be diticut for westoouna / ‘eastbound arcrat to fy into Bristol today. Functional English - Asking someone to repeat information 1. #11 Listen and complete the sentences. 1 the word before ‘contro positions’. 1 that last bit ‘What alter ‘morning shit"? the lrst part of the sentence? 2. Work in pairs. Take turns to read parts of istering scrip! 03 on page 121. but eccasionally whisper an important word 90 that your partner cen't her it. When you don't hear a word, use the expressions above to esk for repetition. Speaking ‘Wiork in groups. Talk about the weather conditions ai your airport and how your airport deals witn extreme weather METEOROLOGY | 6768 Section three - Stormy approach 1. Work in groups. Discuss the questions 1 What is wind shear and why is itso dangerous for aircraft? 2 How can arriving end departing traffic avoid wind shear? 3 What experience of wind sheer have you had? 2 @ 12 Usten to the first part of the dialogue and maich the call signs to aircraft A-C in the pictur. 1 £823 2 QAese 3. Company 737 3. @ 12 Listen again and underline the correct information The pilot of £823 decides to cancel the fight /take off / wait (QA638 sees tne storm is infront of/10 the left of/ behind the airport. The crew of GAGSB requests a pilat report /weather report /new fight path frm the tower. The crew of Company 737 describes the landing conditions as rough / smooth /bumpy in places. Rone s 18,14 Listen to the second part ofthe dialogue and decide if the statements are true or false, Write Tor F The thrashold wind speed is decreasing Wn cirecton varies between 270° and 250°. Visibility is getting worse. The ower controller issues a micraburst alert with a speed loss of 30 kt (QA638 loses 20 kt on shor final Tho pilot decitis to fly through the tur-ulonce and land, METEOROLOGYFunctional English - Warnings 1 14 Listen again to a short section of the dialogue. Complete the expressions. Sl = se 1 wind shoar 3 on shart fina. a any microburst aciviy 4 ~— microburstactity, We use be on the alert/waich cut/ look out (lor something) and be careful of Something) to Wale someone about possible danger, 2. Work in pais. Write a short dialogue between pilot and ATC, o pilet end co-piot, inclucing the feur expressions above, Then perform ito the group. Pronunciation — /{/, /s/./t{/, /ds/ 1 15 Listen to how we say these sounds. Listen and repeat the words, 2. Put the words into the correct column in the table according to the underlined sounds. approach edge measure switch threshold emergency ugual hoor Wy A Mt My short visual watch roger 3-16 Listen and check your answers. Thon listen again end rope the words Speaking 41 Work in pairs. Student A is the piot of HotAir 220 coming fo land at Keréla airport, India Student B is the approach ATC. Read the conversation outline and decide what to say Plot ‘Announce approach are leak enor ay —————— Acknowledge and % od warn of bad weather Acknowledge and consi ask whal the as a conditions ere ae Inform pilot of possibly of Acknowledge and mescon rans ‘ek t you trey = prceeed arang | Confirm end wain ot ‘approaching storm ‘clouds Confirm ees Sy Goer rain hac ocourod and runway has ficoded. Tell plot to divert 2 Rolaplay the dialogue, then change roles and do it againUrsa 3 70 Complete the table wth the correct synonyms from the box. absolutely enormous entirely exceptionally extremoly massive minute pretly really relatively slight small big quite Section four - Language development Functional English — Changing the strength of adjectives huge totally very completely | Results and consequences 2. Maich the beginnings with the endings to make sentences, There was a thunderstorm overtiead, 50 Because of the strong turbulence, ‘And itis for this reason The runway is particularly slippery. You should therefore As a result of strong gales, Wing stall is a common consequence The sky was dull and overcast. The pilot eonsequently The wind shear during the thunderstorm resulted in The foggy conditions led to ne cf the wings of the plane had rot been de-iced and the pilot subsequently Soorvausens Asking someone to repeat information 3 Rearrange the words to make sentences, 1 catch / didn't /fist/1/ of / part the /the / senter 2 that / get/|/ didn’ Sbit/can /last/ repeat / that / you? 4 after / did /‘nallstorm’ / say / what / you ? 5 that / was / seid / word / what / belore / the / you / ‘conditions? Batch / didn't/1/ Im that / sorry METEOROLOGY ‘cancelled her VFR flight. flights were divertac to an alternative airport Jost control of the plane. ‘expect longer stopping distancas. of ice accretion from freezing drizzle. passengers were told to fasten their safety belts, reduced visibility near the airport runway. some very severe turbulence several hangars had to be repaired that we have decided to suspend two members of ground controlWarnings 4 Underline the correct option. Be prepared to / Be on the alert for wind shear when approaching the edge of the city Watch out for/ Pay attention microburst activity near runway 27L. We were told to look out for/ listen carefuly any light aircraft caught in the storm, 4 Please be careful of /be ready the slippery runway on landing. 5 You will need to be particularly beware of vigilant when fying near 10 Vocabulary - Weather words 1 Match the ackectives 1-2 with thet opposites a+ Vocabulary from the unit 2. Rearrange the leliers to match the definitions. 1 ao 10 1 12 the mountains, Please be prepared to / be on alert for review your current fight plan because of the hurricane, ‘And on landing you will need to be ready to / prepare for a longer stopping distance due to the surface rain, | want you to beware of/listen carefully as | read through the emergency procedure, He dich pay attention to /on alert for the warning about severe thunder ‘and lightning, Watch out / Beware of the strong winds al the end of the runway. wet a smoon warm, b darkness ‘overcast © dry bright cool heavy © headwind freezing flight rough g scorching tailwind h clear sunlight i dul abekl lec an invisible slippery surface than can form on the runway in cold weather bpumy (used about a fight) uncomiortable because of bad weather wde ‘small crops of water that form on the ground at right ehnrtu. the loud noise that you sometimes hear in the sky during a storm zdeirtz —_verylightrain osrtf a thin white layer of powdery ice that forms on things outside when the weather is very ccld aegl a very strong wind aehilnost a simall ball of ice that fas. as ran ‘gghilinnt the bright flashes of ight that you coo in tho sky during a storm tesel a mixture of snow and rain yellprps a surface thats dificult to move on because ills sinoolh or wet issu snow that is starting to melt on the groundPa SDS aS Section one - Touchdown 11 Work in groups, Look at the pictures. W f6 Co you think the pictures were taken? 2. Make a list of the problems fixed-wing aircraft could have on approach and landing, Think about + temain + obsiacles * ~manouevtes. © * runwaylengh weather 3 Read the exchanges about ifficut landings from a pilot's Internet forum and match the airports with the pictures. Do they mention any probleme fom your lst in 1? at ANOR NAS SUPERMAN CVF is the only place I know where you can fly a bad weather low-level circuit BELOW the control tower! In an afternoon landing in winter, the sun is so low that from turning finals at two miles to just before touchdown, it’s absolutely impossible to see in front of you. You can't go around because there {sa mountain in the way. On short final, the runway looks too short and It looks like you're going to. hit the mountain, but because part of the runway is at 2 +18.5% gradient, you have to ADD power to roll out. If the aeroplane stops, you won't get to the apron without someone getting out and pushing, ‘ath a DOOR TATE JETHEAD?247 The 05 instrument approach at SXM is a VOR / DME but it's usually a visual. You can’t touch down later than the touchdown zone because you only have a short 7,054 ft for roll-out. Slewing down and cooling is an operational issue. We had to go around once becauise an aircraft's brakes overheated and seized and it got stuck on the runway. On departure you backtrack onto the runway, do a 180. Right behind the aircraft there is a fence and a beach. There are always people standing near the fence and several have been blown back into the sea by jet blast. Tan a SBR LASS BULLDOG The famous HKG runway one-three procedure was incredible. The fun started once eastbound on approach. First you got the view of the city and the skyscrapers. Then the giant red and white squeres on the mountainside. You extended the gear as you closed with this marker. Just as it Seemed like you were going to fly into the marker, you turned hard right, banking a full 47.5°. You turned so close to the buildings that you could see the people inside. It looked as if you could reach in and change the TV channel. 30 seconds later it was rudders neutral, you flared, and the Undercarriage touched down, kiesing solid ground, Unforgettable! Tate aN ADORNS LORD LUCAN TGUis situated in a basin between mountains, and if you land on runway OL, you circle inside the basin, below the mountaintops. You have to bank hard, and you can look the apposite way and still See trees and mountains. On final you only have 100-200 ft to line up before touchdown. 01 has a displaced threshold, leaving a limited 5,436 ft of useable pavement. There's alse @ 1,06° downhill slope end @ diff, which is only 100 ft from the end of the runway. Ic always looks as though you're going to fail off the end of the runway! It used to be even more exciting before they removed a small ‘mountain on the approach path and added traffic lichts on Boulevard Hacia Loarque to stop traffic for each arrival or departure. 72 LANDINGS4. Read the text again, Answer the questions, Put a tick (Vin the table. Which airport CVF | SKM HKG TGU has no procedure for a missed approach? has a problen with bright ight? has problems with braking? Which airports have sloping runways? hhave high bank angles on approach? have roads near the runway thresholc? hhave mountain obstacles on the approach paths? 5 Canyouremember what these numbers refer to? 1 475° 2 100 «= 7054 «= 4 4185% «= 5 180" = +100-200 6 Work in pairs. Deceribe the approach and landing at an ceradrome you know well, What are the interesting features? Vocabulary ~ Landing gear and braking Decide if the words aro rolated to arrival, departure or gear / brake problome Write A, Dor G/B next to each one. rollout rotate overheat extend flare touch down look eoize retract collapse ‘got stuck line up Functional English — Describing sensory impressions 1. Look back atthe pilot's Internat forum and complete the sentences. 1. On short final, the runway too short and it youre going to hit the mountain. 2 ust asit ‘you were going to fly into the marker, you turned hard right 3 you could reach in and change the TV channel, 4 Walwaye youite going to falloff the ond of the runway! 2 Workin pairs, Student A, describe what you thnk is happering in the four pictures below. Ty touse the expressions from 1 ‘Student B, lock at the complete pictures on p 109. Listen to Student As ideas firs, then tel them i they were correct ‘Student A Speaking Workin small groups. Discuss what experience you have had of landing gear or braking problems. LANDINGS | 73Section two - Letting down a VIP 1 What special arrangements have to b¢ made when transporting the following VIP inyout county? © government representatives ‘+ members of the royal family © celebrities Think about = security ‘© personal / private aircraft = media * diplomatic clearance. 2 ® 17 Listen toa helicopter pilot taking about tne time he cartied 2 VIP. and answer the questions, 1. From where to where did the pilot have to carry the VIP? 2 Who was the VIP? 3. Whal caused problems with the journey? Listen again and underline the correct information The helicopter landed by / behind the house. The journy was about five / ten miles. The pilot called the ship after / before they were airborne. The ship lost the helicopter on the radar 4 /#of amile out, The pilot went around because he lost communication with tho ship / couldn't soo. 6 The VIP knew nothing about flying / was an experienced flyer. 7 Flying at 100 tt sbove the water is risky /not risky. 8 The outline of he ship was visible at 750/ 1001. Functional English — Describing 3-D position and movement 1. Complete the sertencee trom the description of the VIP's journey using the propositions in the box: around below over info. out onto under through 1 We went the top of the clfs ready to let down 2 The best way to get ship 3 We went the fog, 4 Its difficult to continue visually fog. 5 I decided that we would go the ship. 6 Cne oi the options was to lat down a tle bt early to get down the fos. 7 So Ilet down allite bit more, and came: fom the fog. 2 @ 17 Usten again and check 3. Work in pairs to describe your helicopter route to your partner. Student A go to page 106. Student B go to page 110. 4 Vleck in site. Describe the last fight you madi or took using as many ofthe words rem the box in 1 as you can, LANDINGSVocabulary ~ Verbs of movement (17 Work in pairs. Try to complete the sentences from the description of the VIP's journey with a suitable verb, then listen again and check. 1. We were asked to p. aViP.. endt him to a Royal Navy ship for the day. 2 There were clear blue skies when we | 3 Wiel by the nouse, shut down and g, 4 Wihile we waited for them to clear us to c | spoke to the prince. 5 One option was to| early tog below the fog, 6 When wer about 150 ft 7 ThePiince g thanked me very much for some very good flying and. w for his day on board the ship, 1 Inuit 6 we looked at consonant clusters at 2 Work in pais. Take turns to pronounce the begining of words, These can also eccurin the following words clearly Listen to your the middie or at the end of words. Listen and repeat partner's pronunciation and tell tem it these words from the description of the VIP's journey. 's not clear. aircraft reverse thrust asked available slote saley Inick smoke options climb vertically explained dump fuel damaged sus the ship's radar soma very good tving 3 ® 19 Listen and repeat the words Work in smail groups. Discuss the statements below. Do you agree or disagree wth the statements? Why /Why not? You should be more careful when you carry VIP passengers, Airline companies should offer VIPs a special service, VIPs and ordinary passengers should not mix on planes. AIC should provide exira separation for aircraft carrying VIPs, Mombars of the government or royally should only traval on rvltary aircraft. VIPs create to0 much work for pilots and ATCs, LANDINGS | 75i ee Section three - Undercarriage 11 Workin small groups. Each member of the group choose a differont picture and study it for one minute. Cioso your books and then try to describe your picture. Time each person's description. Who produced the longest stretch o! language at an appropriate tempo? 2 Listen to three dialogues between pilots and tower contrclers Choose the best picture (a-d) for each dialogue, @ 20,211 @ 222 @ 29,24 3 Listen to the three dialogues again and uncertine the correct information. 20,21 1. Macair 319 has /doosn't havea green light for the nove gear 2 Alter making a low pass, Maceir 319 wants to ly east orbit he aerocrome. 22 3 ASD is arriving / departing tat 4 49D is going to return iramediately/ry and sole the problem. ®@ 23,24 5. $62 has lite /a lot offual remaining, 6 $62 is behind /in front of Fastair 350. Functional English — Resolving misunderstanding 1 Listen again and complete the dialogues. 1 @2 Pilot [im sorry. The nose whee! is in position? (1) ? Mecair 319. Controller Maczir 319. Negative. (2) ‘The nose wheel appears down butts at a90° angle. Pitot ® the nose gear is down but stuck at 90°. Maca 319. Controller Mscair 319. (4) 2 Controller A30. It appears your main gear hasnt retractod. Pitot Roger, my main gear has retracted. Thank you si. AD, Controller 490. (5) Negative. Your main gear is not retracted. I is sil visible Pilot OK. Our main gear is stuck ... er... OK ASO, a @ Pitot Towe, this is Fastair 350 on three-mile fnal. The apcon is to the right of runway 34R. 6) 34L for the belly landing for traffic behind me? Controller Fastair 350. AMfiem. Thank you. 76 LANDINGS‘2 The phases on the left can be used to check understanding. Maich them to he functions on the right. ‘Some of the functions can be used more than once. 1 That's right, a repeating 2 Say again. checking understanding / querying 3 That's incorrect. © confirming correct understanding 4 Understand that... 6 siating understanding 5 Isthat correct? 8 asking for repetition 6 Isay again... 1 sayng someone hasn’ understood correctly 7 That's wrong, 8 You haven't understood ... 9 Doyou mean ...? 10 Please read back in full ‘3. Work in groups of three. You have reports of three incidents with arriving and departing aircraft, ‘Some cf your information in each report i incorrect. If two people have the same information, itis correct, Use the phrases irom 2 10 resove any misundersiandings, Student A read out report A below, Student B goto p 110 and read out report B. Student C goto p 112 and read out report C. ‘Speaking Discuss the questions in pairs. 11 When was the lest time you had to rescive a misunderstanding st work? What exactly happened? 2 Have you ever been in a situation whore either: _itwas impossible to understand someone else? b someone found it impossible to understand you? 3. Discuss whether you agree or disagree with the statements below. Give your reasons. 1. Most misunderstandings happen because piois and ATCs do not use the radio or mic correct! 2. The only communication stratagy needed to resolve misundersiancing is the phrase ‘say again LANDINGS | 77 |eee 78 Section four - Language development Functional English — Describing sensory impressions 1. Match the beginnings and endings of the sentences, 1 The plane looks ‘she has a bt of traffic to deal wth at the morrent 2. This's your capiain speaking, Ir ali it looks lke > be ifting 3 Dumping the fuel seemed like c damaged 4 Itfelt asit hes going to pass out 5 Itdoesnt look as though the passenger © relaxed and in contol. 6 The fog appears to {we may have to civert to another airport 7. The flight attendant gave the impression that 9 good idea at the time, 8 The controler sounds like his going to calm down, 9 The passenger looks as it ithe right wing was heavier than the let 40 The pot sounds |. there might be @ problem with one ofthe passengers Describing 3-D position and movement 2. Complete the senterces with words from the box. like 88 looks seems though appears impression sounds 1 One of the engines strange, so well get it checked 2 Itieels ifthe cabin temperature has dropped. 3. The runway wet ait lke italways rains when | come to London. 5 ThatCessna to be preparing to take oft 6 Itlocks the windshield i icing up. 7 1ooks as we're going to be delayed 8 The sunshine gives the that the air temperature is warm, but in fact i's wel below freezing 3 Underline tho correct alternative. The helicopter hovered just above /inio he helipad before landing He looked under / around and all ne could see was thick fog, Pease stow your bags below /down the seat in front of you. The pilot lcoked down /out of and saw the burring aireraft on the runway. The jumbo jet was towed over / info the hangar. . Lifeiackets are found over / under your seats We eventually managed to climb down /out of the fog She suggested flying over/ through the city to gel a good view, He changed his heading to avoid going under / through the hailstorm, Thay decided to divert and fly towards /down Seattio nstead, Seevocsons Resolving misunderstanding 4 Rearrange tne words 1o make sentences. 4. af belly / do /landing / mean / you? 2 2 again J emergency /| /landing / request / say 8. correct /it/ fuel / have is / litle / remaining / that / you ? ? 4 ack /ful /in/ please | read 5 again |is/ poor J reception / say 6 is/n0/ incorrect /that 7. is/on/ reading / screen | the the / wrong 8 allow /cannot /land/ please / that / 10 / understand / we / you 9 ut /havent/'m / you/ sorry / understood LANDINGS1 Match the verbs 110 with the detintions a4 1 to become too hot 2 b_ to.become caught or held in a postion so that you cannot move 3 © taforma row with other pocp! 4 get stuck to fal down suddenly 5 fine up © to draw something in, ag the landing gear alter tako-off 6 flere 1 1omake something go to its full length, eg the lancing gear after take-off 7 overheat @ toland to land on the rear landing gear 10 absorb the force of the lanaing to raise the nose of an aircraft during take-off 10 rolate to suddenly stop moving or working properly Complete the sentences wih a suitable preposition, 1 Tho cun ie 90 low that from turning finals two miles you cant see you. 2 shor final, the runway looks too short. 3. You can't go around because there is a mountain the way. 4 The runway a +18.5% gradient 5. The 0Sinstrument approach SXM ie a VOR / DME. 6 The fun slarted once eastbound approact 7 TQVissituated a basin mountains, 8 Thay removad a small mountain the approach path LANDINGS 79Section one - Aviation and global warming 41 Maich a word on the left with a word on the right 10 make collocations relating to global warming, 1 alr a change 2 carbon b layer CO, gas 5 greenhouse © dioxide 6 the ozone 1 pollution 2. Work in pars, Do you think thatthe effect of avattion on Global warming in the media is accurate or exaggerated? 3 Read the text and decide ifthe following organizations believe that air traffic is having an impact on global warming. Crel®yes ot 00 1 the Eurepean Commission yes/no 2 the Inlemational Air Transport Association (IATA) yes/no 3 the European Federation for Transport and Environment (T & E) yes/no Myth or reality? Aviation and global warming VV a as prc strate ges etnies growing steadily, the European Commission has suggested limiting CO, emissions for all planes departing from FU airports. It stated that uncontrolled aviation growth eannot be allowed to continue. Although research into more fuel-efficient aircraft continues, the idea that this will reduce pollution is unrealistic as the growth in the number of alrcraft {lying is greater than the savings in fuel-efficiency. The, Commission is worried that aviation emissions are ‘growing fastor than in any other sector. ‘The International Air Transport Association (IATA) ‘wants to restore a balanced viow on aviation and, global warming, It issued a five-point brief aimed at {dlling allegetions that air transport is a major source of, ‘greenhouse gas emissions. Here are some of the figures, that the TATA puts forward to disprove the myths: 1 Airtranoport contributes only 2% of global CO, 2 Over the last 40 years, emissions per passenger kilomotre have decreased by 70%. 80 FUEL 3. Aitline fuel-efficiency has improved by 20% in the last decade. 4 80% of aviation emissions are related to flights over 1,500 lem for which there is no alternative mode of tansport. Hovraver, the Enropean Federation for Transport and Environment (T & E) disagree with LATA's conclusions, T & E dont think they need to reconsider their view, and describe IATA's information as inaccurate. T & E argues that! 1 The 2% fAiguie refers only to CO, emissions, not ‘other climate impacts such as aviation-induced cirrus clouds. 2. The 2% figure is from 1992, which fails to include tho explosion in growth of global aviation in the last 15 years. 2 The tie global contribution to climate change of aviation ie between 4 and 9%, depending on the impact of aviation-induced cirrus clouds. 4 Aircraft fuel efficiency has not improved at all. ‘Typical paseongor aircraft of tho 1950 were as fuel-efficient as typical modern jets,4 Read the text again and decide which organization each statement relates to. Write EC. /ATA, or T& E. ‘We must limit the growth of aviation. Ec Mest CO, emissions are caused by long fights. ‘Air ranspor is responsible for upto 2% ofthe human etfect on ciate. Air traffeis responsible for under 5% of CO, emissions. |We nod to considar the effect of cirrus louse caused by emissions. Fuel-fficiency isnot improving fast enough to reduce pollution, CO, emissions are 70% lower than 40 years ago. Planes are ro more fueletfcient than they were 50 years ago. Vocabulary — Prefixes ‘Change the words below to crealle negatives arid put them in the correct column of the table, ‘able (x2) adequate agree authorized available Prove connect controlled correct sufficient usu ais- in une Functional English - Suggesting solutions to problems 41. Work in pairs. What can we do to reduce air pollution from aviation? List your points. 2. Read the text. Does it mention any of the same pints that you listed? 3. Read the text again and underline the expressions for suggesting solutions. Ie growth oF air iravel in the years to come wil have a big impact on the environment, anc we nesd to Consider how we will be able fo dea with these issues. Lets look in more datal at air poltition, Aircraft emit fitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons thet can be harmful to the environment. One solution {0 his could be to improve engines and make them more fuetficient, Another option would be to increase {ueletticiency by improving the aerodynamics of aircraft and building them with more Ightweight materials, Aternatively, governments could moose very heavy taxes on long-haul fights, The tax money could then ‘be invested into forestation and other environmental projects. An alternative to this would be io reduce the ‘number of domestic fights alogether and transfer passengers from planes to trains. Speaking 11 Work in small groups. Try to use the language you underlined above. What can we do about the following problems: ‘ise pollution from airports dealing with airport waste water pollution from de-icing destruction of landscape and wildlife habitais by new airport building? 2 Work n srl groups. How can tha following people or organizations maxi arc pilots aireratt operators aircraft designers 20 fuel efficiency in aviation? FUEL | 81Section two - Gimli glider 11 Match the nouns 1-9 with the definitions a+. 1. fue! capacity the amount of fue! that an aircrat is carrying 2 fuel flow » of equipment that measures the amount of uot 3 fuel gauge c of equipment for sending fue! into or out of sor 4 fuel hose the force that fuel produces in an area or a container 5 fuel load @ the continuous movement ol fuel 6 fuel pressure f alack of fue! 7 fuel pump 4 uel that an aircraft or vehicle is able to carry 8 tage hy Iaitue of fuel to reach the engine 9 ia tube thet tue! fows through 2. Work in pairs. Discuss the follo ing questions, 1 Ha Fru oUt of fuel while driving? What happened? 2 Have you ever heard of an incident where a plane has almost run out of fuel during flight? 3. Why might a flight cuddeniy tun outof fuel? 4 What procedures do pilots anc controllers falow n case of such an event? 38 Listen to a radio report of an incident in Canada, and choose the best headline, Boeing 767 makes emergency landing after hole in fuel tank } at sports event, Force tests Boeing 767 oliding potential 40 Listen again and answer the questions. 1 Why did the pilot of he Boeing 767 have to divert? 2. What were the two main causes of this incident? 82) FUEL,5 @ 25,26 Decide if the sentences are true or false. Wite Tor F, Then listen agai Tho plane was on its way to Ottawa when the problom occurrad. The pilots switched off one of the engines to save fuel Two warning lights indicated a fuel problem The pilots civerted to a disused airfild in Winnipeg. John Haskins sald thatthe plane suddenly appeared with litle noise. Helen Clitheroe said that all they could do was stand and watch Passengers received minor injuries on leaving the plane. Reports say thal there was no problem with the fuel gauges. The probiem occurred because someone failed to verly the fuel load by hand. 1. Road this extract from the radio ropor, which the punctuation has been removed from. Put a forward slash (/) where you thnk there should be @ pause between information groups. intial report indicate problems with the {uel system / it seems that the cockpit fuel gauges were: inoperative in thie situation ator the fuol hoses are removed the fuel load ie chockod by hand like when you check the oiln your car the fuel measurement was then converted from volume towoight the problem was that the calculation was done in pounds but the new Bocing 767 is a ‘matric machine and so and the system thought the data was in kiograms not in pounds the aircraft had! just haf the required fuel for the joumey and the crew hed no idea 2. Road the text out loud, pausing at the end of each information group. 3. @ 26 Listen and compare. 1. In-groups, rank the places for an emergency landing of a commercial plane (1 = the most ideal, 10 he least ideal), beach football pitch forest frozen lake ‘oof course ‘marhland highway river rough farmland 2 Explain and discuss your reasons for your choice with the rest of the class. FUEL 83eri ne Section three - Fuel icing 1. What are the main problems for aircraft flying in extremely low temperatures? 2. @ 27 Listen tothe incident and answer the questions, 1. Wrat can you say about the weather conditions? 2 What happens to the flight as it enters the control tower's airspace? 3 What heppens in the end? 3. © 27 Listen again and underline the correct information Fuel flow is ower /higher than it shouid be. The reading of torque pressure should be 40 / 100, The pilots request fre, crash, rescue services / vectors trom the contrl tower. There are 22/ 122 people on board, The pilots land on a river /ina field, ‘Nine / No people are injured alter the lancéng of the plane. eos Functional English - Expressing expectation We otten use should, be supposed to and be meant toto express how the situation is expected to be, especialy when there isa problem. Fuel low is very ow. it should be much higher You're supposed to be on fal row. Are you OK? Torque pressure is meant to be at one hundred, not forty. 1 Complote the sentences using should, be supposed te, be meant toin the correct form, 1 The temperature is high but it should be much lower (shout), 2 The fuel low is tow but Pronunciation ~ Long and short vowel sounds (shoute), 3. The light is on but (should not 1. 26 Listen o eight words. Wite A or 8 4 The landing gear is down but according to the word you hear. (not supposed) S The supply is still on but x e ee 1 dit shot © Tho orqu preseuo a 40a 2 ok cause (meant), = on ro py dest ave enough oa co ph fuel but 5 lve leave {phous 6 stat start 8 Theyre not on final but 7 Gu chat leuppreee. 8 Mach = mark 9 Te wanng is ar facing bat (roman) 2-28 Listen agin and rp wo 2. Work in pairs. Make a list of rules or procedures that are nat always. Work in pairs. Take turns to read one word followed correcly. Ty to use the language irom 1 {rom each Ine. The person listening must Then compare your lst with the rest of the graup. say i they hear A or B. 84) FUELSpeaking ‘Work in pairs. You are going to help each other deal with fuel problems while flying Student A look at thie page. Student B look at page 110 ee ware POWER LOSS DURING FLIGHT 41 You are aire insiructr on he ground. Your partner sa student Re pilot ona solo fightin @ Cessna 172SP.He | Shehastuel problems aitseeed ON ( fuly in) fd engine power loss, Ho [She cant omemiberallofthe power (WA STRAMVANS Sor, toss checklist and is busy trying tofly the aiicraft. You have rao fuel selecto tty uel pum swe =O. yy communicaians, The chectlst onthe ght shows the conect contol NAY oH settings forthe situation. Find out what mistakes the pilothas made anion switch 20) and correct hem, Use language fom the Functional Engtsh section 2 Chango 10 ‘Your partner isthe light instructor on the ground. You are a student pilot on a solo fight in a Cessna 172SP. You have fuel prot lems and are going to make a power-of landing, You cant remember al of the manual’s Ccheckist for this situation. You have radio communications. Listen to your instructor and use the picture fo check your contrcl settings, Find out what mistakes you have made and correct thom, cmt er oy aa oe 7 Sea rs 5 ABSA) oe) FUEL 85See 86 Section four - Language development Functional English — Suggesting solutions to problems 1 Rearrange the words to make sentences 1 engines /be / make /solution one / mere /1o uek-tfcient/ would 2 another / charging | uel /higher [is / option / start to /taxes 3 @/be//bio-ciesel corn / create | made /of | ene /or/ eption / soybeans /to / would 4 siverat | alternative /an/ be / fack-fficent/ make / more [that / ae /'0/ would 5 ebout/can carry | having /how / hundreds / jets /umbe / more /of or / passengers / hat’? 6 eternatively /by / could / how f often / plane / reduce / travel / we /we Expressing expectation 2 Underline the bes! alternative in sentences 1-10, || The fuel tankers should /suppased to / meant to have arrived by now 2 The landing gear meant to /is supposed / shouldn't to be down fox landing, 3. The flight was shouldnt /not meant jo / sypposed to depart at 1600 hours but was delayed because of fog. 4 You're shouldn't/ not suppased / not meant to move from the taxiway ntl you are given direct instructions, 5 We were should have / meant to / supposed land an hour ago. 6 TCAS should /is supposed / meant to assist both pilots and controllers in taking appropriate action in order toavoid a possible colision. 7. The fuel hoses should / supposed to/ meant io be working properly 8 The oxygen masks meant f0 /are supposed / should be used in case of depressurization 9 | was shouldn't / meant to /not supposed fo be this close to the coast. | think | have made a mistake with my beading 10 The warning ight not meant to /shouldn /not supposed to be ‘lashing, Vocabulary — Climate change 1. Complete the definitions 1-6 using words from the box, and match each one with a noun at. substances breathe escaping rise almosphore protects 1 gases that stop heat from from the atmosphere end therefore cause temperatures to rise on Earth 2 catbon dinxide that vehicles and factories produce and send into the 3 chemicals and other that have a harmful effect on air 4° a layer nthe Earths atmosphere that the Earth from the harmful effects of the Sun 5 the in the temperature of the Earth that 's caused partly by increasing amounts of carbon diovide in the atrrospnere 6 the gas thatis produced when you out ‘a. carbon dioxide b ozone layor © global warring greenhouse gases © air pollution CO, emissions FUELPrefixes Nouns for fuel 2. Make words that match the definions by adding the Rearrange the loters to form the missing words. a sec bh leis hi bre Tak (1) nstha or cells which are located ab- de diy in-out over re in the wings, The fuel (2) tacpaiye for trans“ under- une ach aircraft is determined by its wing geometry. Ina lot of aircraft, (8) smpup are required, Perform crowded operative powered lee er acinte uase’ soreal © alot to feed the fuel through (4) soshe from the celis to the engine. For every fuel cell there is 2 fuel (5) eagug that the pilot can read 1 across the ocean 2 4 from the cockpit in order to keep an eye on the fuel nen = ()esprruse The continuous movement 3. not having enough power of fue is called fue! (7) otwt, and the 4 not probable {uel (8) senoupitmon isameasue 5 net woiking cf the fuel used up by the engine. I the movernent eeu of the fuelis somehow slowed down, orif there is 2 (9) ethasgor Of fuel, this can cause fuel 7 toperform better than something else (10) vistanrato «which in tun ean cause 8 toremove ice = Joss of power in the engine. 9 tostartagan 10 containing 1o0 many people Missing verbs 5 Complete ths letter anc reply rom an Internet pits’ 3. Complete the sentences with a word made wth a prefic forum with the verbs inthe box. and a word from each box. ‘cooking flood leaking popping prevent shut off rise overs re unde restarting running shutting éown turned on et informed accurate estimated fuel efficent diagnosed weight consider 1 Lots reset _allthe controls to zero and start the procedure agan. 2 Wewere = we were told we'd be taking ‘off at 1830, not 1815. 3 They __ the amountof fuel needed lor the ppurney, so he piane had to divert 0 4 The cireratt's forlanding, so we'l have to dump tual 5 We wore going to use runway 4R, but aa the wind, hhas changed direction welll have 10 which one to use. 6 think tne altimeter is gving readings = wette clearly higher than 500 ft 7 The system for manual retueling is = takes a long time and there are often mistakes. 8 They the problem as fuel freezing, when in fact there was no fue! left in the tank. FUEL 87UNIT 11 11 Work in groups. Talk about any incidents of rapid decompression you have haerd about 2. Read the story and decide ifthe sentences are ue or false. Write Tor F 1 The co-pilot saved the captain from being sucked out ofthe plane 2 The co-pilat tried to stop the plane dr 3. They alan have time to dump fue! 4. The pilot was un Wie took off dead on time, and 13 minutes later we reached 17,000 fet. I was ‘offering the crew tea when sudderly here was an enormous expiosion and the door \was blown off its hinges Within seconds, the plane started te diop. The front windscieen ha hlown away and im, the captain, wos beg sucked out jumped across the coxkpitand arabbed his wast. His body was ouside the arcralt, nt over the top ard hislegs had stuck under the conto, disabling the Section one - Blast Inscious during the incident. opping autopilot, | could feel was about to be sucked out myself when the chef steward, John, wapoed te ceptain’s shoulder strep around me. The co-pilot, Alistat, was fortunately stl strapped in his seat. Pressure soon equalized with the speed of our fal, and the icy air rushed into the ical, lowing char around the cabin, Alistar increased speed further, and it took just two minutes to get down to 11,000 , where there wes mere onygen to breathe. ‘We could see Tims face outside the window covered in blood. Mhile Las holding Tin, arotet steward stepped hilt into the third pilots seat and gave me 2 hand. Alstairhed managed by now to reconnect the autoplt, and was being talked down to Southampton Airport. For a co-pilot, Altair was in a very challenging situation, flying atone and without chats into an airporthe didn’t know. The plene was fully Foaded with fue, but it could take up to five minutes to dump fue, and with the captain hanging out ofthe aircraft, he had ‘choice but to land Altair did abillant lending, stopping the heavy aircraft three-quarters of the way down the 1,800 m runway. The whcle incident from explosion to landing lasted 18 minutes, bu it seemed like hours. We hoped we'd got down in time to save Tim By the time we landed, Tim had spent 18 minutes outside the cockpit. During this time he'd been unconscious, When he regained consciousness on the stetchey, his fist words were '| want to eat’ Typical plot! 88 PREssuRe3 Compiete he table. Name position Nigel stoward chet steward Alistair Tim A. Workin pairs, Anewor the questions, 1. Why did they loee the autopilox? 2 Mo first stopped Nigel, tne steward, from being, sucked out? 2 Why waon't Altair oucked out? 4 Why did Alistair increase the rate of escent? 5. Forwhat reasons was it very dificut situation for Aisiair? © How did the captain fee! when he regained consciousness? 5. Work in pairs. Try to remember what these numbors refer to, Check the text if necessary, 19 minutes: Y7,0001t 2 minutes 11,000 ft 1,800 m 18 minutes. Vocabulary — Action verbs 1 Complete the sentences with the words inthe box: in an appropriate fox. suck dap blow hang jump grab wrap bang rush, 1. The lefthand windscreen away. 2 The aircralt beaan to towards the ground, 3. The captain was baing out of the aircrat. A. The steward ‘over the flight controls, 5. Nigel Tim around the waist. 6 The steward the shoulder strap around Nige! 7 The captain was 8 Tim's tace was 9 Coldair out of the aircraft ‘ageinst the window. into the cabin, 2 Close your books. Retell the incident in your own words. Functional English — Expressing time and duration 11 Complete the sentences from the text 1 We took off dead time, 2 seconds, the plane started to drop, am ust two minutes to get down to 11,000 ft 4 | was holding Tim, Smon strapped himset inta the third pilots seat, 5 Itcculd take five minutas to dump fuel @ Thewhole incident explosion lanaing 18 minutes, We hoped we'd got down to save him. ‘we landed Tim had spent 18 minutes outside me cockpit 9 this time he'd been completely 2 Undertine the correct time expression to complete the facts about depressurization, 1 Oxygen helps avert the effects of depressurization at atitude, The oxygen from these masks usually lasts /taxes for about 10 minutes. 2 Whie / During tight an airplane pressurizes and dlepressurizes, causing sore passengers discomfort. 3 Alter depressurization, the pilot has just seconds toget oxygen. If he 's unable to do this in time /on time / by the time, he will rapidly lose consciousness. Aole a metre and a haif across will dapressurize ajoliiner up to / within seconds, Airliners have had pressurized cabins 10/ from the late 1940s 10 /from the present day. Speaking Work in groups of three, Student A is ajeurnalst, ‘Student B is Alister, the co-pilot, and Student Cis John, the chet steward. Roleplay an interview about the incident, Bofore you begin, propare what you are going to say, PRESSURE 8990 a Section two — Damage 1 Workin pairs. Decide which of the types of damage below could happen to: + awindshiew (vy) * fuselage skin (F) + landing gear (L) \Wete W, For Lnext to each word, 1 buckled 2 corroded 3 cracked 4 dented 5 punctured 6 shattered 7 smashed 8 torn 9 tom oft 0 twisted 20 Listen to the conve the questiors. ation and answer 1 Where are the speakers? 2 What are they talking about? 3 What are the photographs of? PRESSURE © 29.30 Lisien again Tick (V) the types of damage that are mentioned, .cked windshield spoiler torn away torn fuselage 0 door blown out metal fatigue buckled taliplane dented leading edges smashed instrument pane! QreWthe comact answer. 1. What does the trainer think about the tiny crack ‘a They could have continued their fight Thebes! thing o do was to wait for ine windshield to be replaced 2 Why did the rear cargo door blow off the DC-107 a. Thelack on the door was not working properiy b_ The door hadn't been closed properly 3 What happened to the Boeing 737 on landing? a. Thenose gear worked correctly b_ The nose gear buckled and caused more damage. 4. What happened when the Boeing 767 was damaged by a flock of birde? a The crew landed the plane. b TH caplain wes injured 5 What does the trainer say about the efficiency of cabin simulators? @ Acabin simulator is idee! for practising emergency situations, b Acabin simulator is not realy the same as a real emergency situationFunctional English - Summarizing 4 2 3 © 29 Listen tothe frst part of the workshop and choose the best summaty of the Boeing 737 incident. There was @ sudden depressurization problem and @ member o! the cabin crew was kled, b Metal fatigue can cause severe damage. causing danger o! explosive decompression, © A section of fusclage was torn from 2 Boeing 737 due to corresion and metal fatigue. causing rapid decompression, One person died in the incident but the crew landed safely. d_ When a large section ol fuselage is lost, the cabin depressurizes immediately, and passengers and ‘erew may bo sucked from the aireraf, © A Boeing 737 lost 35 mF of fuselage, It |ost all elecirics, communication ines and power supp, ‘The airframe buckled anc the nose drooped down, Fortunately, the landing Gear worked correctly. f fn Apri 1998, a large soction of upper fusolage tore away from a Bocing 737. One mamber of the cabin ‘crew was sucked from he aircraft and died, 9 A section of fuselage was torn away, but the plane landed safely, © 30 Now listen again fo the rest of the extract. Make notes on the other incident described. Write a summary of the incident, then compare your summary with another student’. Pronunciation — Diphthongs 1 “The phonetic symbole below represent double sounds, oF diphthongs. fay rey pou ay fou fof fey plot plane ol steer joa, around al Incenine all the words in the text below that contain a dipntnong. ‘Good, Now le’s take some of these scenarios and Icok at some real incidents. Ihave series of photographs: Jor you to look at here. Here's a DC-10 in June 1972, wnose reat cargo door blew out at fight level 120.due 10 a faulty lock. The door tore away a spoiler and smashed into the tailplane. resuling in hydraulic loss as wel as rapid depreseurzetion, The crow managed to land this arcrat safely with only minor injuries. 2. 51 Listen to the words containing diphthongs, and urite them in the calumns below, then listen again and rapest. fav kev Jot ol pool fol eal Speaking Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 1 What materials are typically used to make the main parts of an aircraft, eg fuselage, engines, tyres, windshietd? Wat qualties do these materials need to have? How often are the airframes of aircraft ‘checked? What checks are performed? Do diferent types of aircratt reequire diferent checks? PRESSURE 91eS Section three - Emergency descent 11 Work in groups. Discuss what acticn the crew should take in an incident of sudden decompression 2 ® 32 Listen to the dialogue and answer the questions. 1 What does the pilot want to do? 2 What caused the probiem? 3. How many people are injured? 3. 32 Liston egein and underine the correct information, 1 The pilot/ controlar cant: heer the pilot /controller wel at f 2 Thepilotis approximately 14 / 40 mies from the aif 3. The captain has lost a ot of blood / consciousness. 4 Windspeed on the runway ie 11/27 kt 5. The flight aitendant sees damage to the fuselage /leaciing edges and engine /tall 6 One injured passenger is having breathing problems / bleeding heavily. 7. The plot reports damage to the nose / windshield and landing gear / tal 11 We use stiess to correct someone who has misunderstood information, (Noi fity minutes — litteen minutes. Underline the sections of werds that should t 1 He's taking about outbound flights, not inbound. 2 Good? It was excellent! 3. You said the fight would leave at hal-past seven, n 4 No, my frst fight this week is Tuesday evening, not Tu 5 Fly faster Not sio afternoon, 2 39 Lisien to the recordin check your arswers. Then listen again and repeat 3. Workin pairs, You are going to practise correcting each other. Student A turn to page 106. Student B turn to page 111 92 PRESSUREFunctional English — Expressing consequences 1. @ 54 Complete the sentences fom the dalogue. 1 Ieantsee __ I get out of my seat, 2 We've got to get help soon, ‘he might not make it, 3 we don't get to 2 doctor soon, he may not survive. 2 Complete the sontoncos using if, othanaise or unless. ‘We will have to change our heading, wo will hit the hailstorm, The aircraft wil be too heavy to ‘and on the runway itdumps the remaining fuel. the radar isn't showing the aircraft we will need to contact the pilot for thelr precise postion, There must be 2 problem, the pilot would have answered, For military flights there's no contact with Air Tattic Control _ they detect a possible colision, You cannot work as an air traffic controller you provide an official medical certilicate. you don't do more training in the contra! room, you wont qualily as a controler this year Noosone 3. Decice whether you agree or disagree with the statements below. Write A oF D. Then, in pairs, discuss your answers using if, otherwise and unless. Example You fey mit al uncer sross management aig. ohonse mio wilhappen, Both piois and air trafic controllers should undergo stress management training, AI\ATC should be automated Pilots should be free to plan their own routing, Atleast one fight attanciant should know how to fly a plans in case of an emergency, Radar should be used in all controlled airspace. Allaircratt control should be computerized. ooson Speaking ‘Work in pais. You are gong to roleplay an emergency situation. Student A is the piot, Student B is the ATC. Use the chart and the information below to help you. When you have finished situation 1, swap roles. PRESSURE 93ran) Section four - Language development 1 Compiete tne sentences using the words or phrases in the correct form from the box. by thetime curing from —intime last ontime take to upto while within 1 The delays are now over, and most fights are taking off 2 Insome countries it can take three years io become a qualilied controller 3 the fight reaches French air space, it will have flown through six diferent countries. an about two years to become a commercial pilot, 5 The captain has visited six diferent cities the last two months in her job. 6 We need to complete the roster for tomorrow merning’s team meeting, 7 Search and rescue operations were launched ‘minutes of the loss of racio contact. 8 Tho maiden fight of the Airbus A380 ‘Shours 60 minutes 9 one controller was speaking to the piol, another was contact Medlin 10 The trainge pilot felt stressed take-off landing. 2. Complete the seniences with ihe veibs in ther comect form from the box. have lose make manage runoutot spend take te 1 Dont your time, Ive already called him five tmes and he isnt answering, 2 Pilots time going around the aircraft making sure everything is n order 3 We'd better get something to eat now or well time. 4. thavo a milion things to do. 1 don't time to read the report. 8 Wyoudont ‘ume for physical exercise, your health will sufer. 6 Sho's very good at timo. She's graat al ergarizing fight plans and schedules. 7 Werhave no time to Lets land as soon as possible! 8 You'll have to be pationt, sir. These things lime. Expressing cc 3 Complete tne sentences using #, othenwise or unless, 1 The cabin needs to be pressulized you fly at over 10,000 f. 2 reqular inspections are made, aworthiness can beceme a problem, 3. We need to have the landing gear checked, the problem could happen again 4 We won't anive on time we take offin the next slot 5 air pressure falls 100 low, you can suffer from he es and nausea, 6 We're going to need clearance we descend. 7. Divers should wait atleast a day belare flying, they risk getting it 8 You can cet alitude sickness you fly into en airport that is way above sea level 9% PRESSUREArticles 4. Complete the gaps inthis article with a(n) or the. Vocabulary — Action verbs 1 Match a verb on the left with a detiration on the right, 1 bang to be fixed s0 that the top parts held in postion but the better partis loose and can move easily 2 dlow b to move somewhere quickly and suddenly 3 drop © to knock against something when you are roving, 4 grab d toil 5 hang © to pull something using the force of air 6 ump to hold or keep something in position by fastening a narrow piece of material around it 7 suck g ‘0 lake hold of something in a rough way 8 strap fh when air or wind moves, Verbs describing damage 2 ‘Complete the sentences using words trom the box. blew out broke through corrosion _cuttingot dented metal fatigue punctured smashed smashed inte buckled tore away from 1. The rear cargo door 2 The door tore away a spoiler and, the tailplane, 3 The aircratthad {due to operating in a selly environment, and it was a very old aircraft with seriou 4 Almost 35 m? of metal the upper pert of the fuselage, the electrics, 5. The lower part cf the airframe. 6 Allock of birds the aircraft nose, fuselage and wing leading edges. and the aircraft skin eleven times, 7 Oneot he birds into the cockpit and the captain's instrument panel, PRESSURE | 95,UNIT 12 aq ee, Section one - Air rage 41 Work in pairs. Discuss the question ‘Sometimes a person who is normally polite and law-abiding goos ‘crazy’ during a flight and causes a security incident. What factors aus this change in beh: ththe stories A-c Pilot leave inobriatod passongers on email jslend 2 Fig ler passenger's unusual behaviour 3. Frightened passenger jailed 4 Need to smoke cau edirec ‘A Honolulu-bound Delta Airlines jet was diver on Tuesday when a femal tosr : ted to San Francisco. | le passenger became unruly attr thing moke in the lavatory, The pot carne back to deal withthe disturbance, He threatened to handcuit hei she didnt care dlown, but sho became hysterical and hit hin in the ches The oman wos sedated and taken tc haspal by ambusres ae the plane landed. . van “ SSS ‘72-year-old Franco Massa, who was extremely nervous of flying, became drank and aggressive during a Munich to ‘Toronto flight. He began to harass an elderly woman beside him and, when a steward tried to intervene, Massa punched the steward, He had to be restrained with plasticuff’s by fellow passengers. The pilot felt the disturbance was so severe he diverted to Heathrow. The diversion cost £30,000, and Massa was jailed for twelve months. ddvertedto Boston afer topmodel to behave very strangely Fight atends Mod about 90 minutes inco the fight when she stare Te ea ceat and waving a wane bowe. she appeared very z searing loudly atthe other passengers. To as they restrained her. ‘A wansadane fight was 3 ead ine texts again. in which st Tatiana Vukovsty started orcuage? — Meena ane ws weersol ie crew were ise sengers removed from the fight 3 did a passengor go to jail? 4 ai passengers decom: Drunken holi acoresshe srt afer ke a akers who abused cabin erew on a flight to Tenerife spent 36 hours on a tiny island in the Atlantic after 5 did someone get bitten? the airline abandoned them, 300 miles from their destination, 6 did a passenger annoy an The men became abusive and aggressive towards staff shortly ole lady? after their fight took off from Manchester. When they refused ia case TA BBA to calm down, the pilot cook the decision to divert the plane taken to hospital? and make an unscheduled stop-off at an airstrip on the tiny 8 was ie aultec? Portuguese island of Porto Santo, and the men were removed. 96 SECURITYVocabulary ~ Conflict and restraint atch the beginnings wth the endings to make sentences, 1 Despite several warnings, the passenger refused 2. one of them in the arm. 2. Two of the passangors wore behaving in ba disturbance on the flight, 3. The captain threatened to © inthe knee after he asked her to calm down, 4. The passenger continued to drink more wine until d_ to.cooperate with requests. e t he became agitated because she was unable to smoke on the plane, 5. Three people helped the fight attendant to restan remove the drunken passenger i be didnt return to 6 She Kicked the plot his seat 7 The cabin crew gothold of the passengerbut he bit —_—_g_plastcutfs on him. 8 The crowd of football suoporters created very drunk, 9. The traveller was. ii the passenger and sit her down at the rear of the plane, 10. The cabin crew eventually managed to put | anoigy and violent way. Functional English — Focusing on actions ‘Look at tnese sentences from the texts, which all focus on the action rather than on the person, thing, eto. that s doing the action ‘The woman was taken to hospital by ambulance after the plane landed. He had to be restrained with plasticutfe by fellow passengors, Massa was jalled for welve months. ‘Two members of the crew were bitten as thoy restrained her. ‘The men were removed, Change the sentences below so that they focus on the actions in the same way as the examples above. 1 People injure dozens of fight attendants each year in ar rage indents Donens of Flight attendants are inured each year in air rage incidents. 2 Thay keep plastic restraints on all fights to deal wit vilencs on boa 3 They Give cabin crew traning for dealing with aggressive pessengers. 4. Thoy used @ bolt o restrain the passenger 5. They didn't allow the passengers to board the flight because they were drunk. 6 We have diverted this fight and will be ‘anding shortly, 7 Police will arest this passenger as soon ae we lend. Speaking Work in small groups. Discuss the questions, How could airlines prevent airage incidents? How should cabin crew be trained to deal wih these incidents? How should violent passengers be restrained? How should passengers be punished for such incidents? Do you know any stories of air rage incidents? SECURITY | 97Re a Section two - Suspicious passengers 41 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 1. What methods currently exist to identiy a suspicious passenger at the airport? 2 What body language do you associate with a suspicious passenger? Make a lis. 2 @ 35 Listen to security expert Kalle Kau talking about a new techrique for screening potentially dangerous passengers. Doas he mention any of the same body language you listed? 3 95 Listen again and answer the questions. \Wihat does Kalle think of technology in airport security? ny do criminals behave differently to other passengers? What parts of the face make small movements when someore is nervous? What do Kalle's officers do if they are suspicious of a passenger? What throe things can happen in a ‘secondary severing”? What types of crime have already been stopped using this technique? Vocabulary - Strange behaviour Complete the sentences with the words from the box. body eye hand head log lipspalme voice 1. Officers try to make friendly Contact to see i! a suspicious person reacts normally, 2. Passengers undergo.a search to check that they are not carrying any weapons. ‘3 One sign of a passenger acting suspiciously is stepping forward on the left 4 Moving the ___ forward ie a common sign of aggressive behaviour. 5 Officers should look for small movements of the 6 A____ positon with the down can indicate suspicious behaviour, 7. A.tise in the volume and pitch of the is a sign of stross, 98 | SECURITYFunctional English - Expressing possibility and probability might/may /could = W's possible probably = youre not sure, but you think i's tkely ‘must = you're sure - there is no other possibilty cant = its impossible 11 Underlina the correct alternative in sentences 1-7. We'te looking for any physical signs that could /mustshow that someone is nervous or angry ~ signs that they can't/ might be planning a criminal act. 2 If people show just one sign of stress, they cant be / are probably nota three. 3 Butif you observe mutipie signs, then you can assume that they must /can’ have something tohide, 4. Ifthey detect behaviour that indicates a person may / mus! ba a threat to security or the saloty of a fight, shey attempt to engage in casual conversation with that person, 5. Surely frendly conversations might /cant be enough to indicate iia passenger is a criminal? 6 Of course these questions can /probably determine if a passenger has criminal intentions, but they might / must indicate suspicious behaviour. 2. 95 Listen to the extract again and chack your answers, 3. Workin pairs. You are going to expiain strange passengor behaviour Student A go to p 106 and ‘work with another Student A. Student B go to p 112 and ‘work with another Student B, Pronunciation — -tion, -sion, -cion endings 41.36 Werk in pairs. Look at the words below. ‘Answer the questions and then listen to check your answers. detection possession suspicion 1 How do you proncunee the ending? 2 Which syllable is stressed - the first, the secon, or the last? 2 @ 37 Underline ine stressed sylable in the folowing ‘words, then listen and repeat. aviation Inspection reaction conversation intentions reduction immigration violations Speaking 11 Asmatl international airport is being bull, and airport ‘management have to decide how to spend thair limited security budget of 1,000 points. Work in pairs. Discuss how you would spend the 1,000 points and why you hhave chosen the security measures that you have, 11 potimetor fone patting 100 points 2 CCTV (external and inter) 250 points 8 anarmed poice service 450 points 4. behavioural screening training 100 points ‘5 explosive detection swabbing 100 points 6 explosive detection machines 200 points 7 fingerprint / ace biometric prfiing dovioas 160 points {8 luggage scanning (for orgaric and ‘inorganic materias) 300 points baggage inspection! personal search officers 250 points 10. sniffer cogs 200 points 11. a bomb disposal unit 400 points 12 airport personnel swipe-card / fingerprint system on doors on secure areas 250 points Form one group. Each pair should present thelr ideas. The group must each a decision on how to spend the points SECURITY | 99f f 4 Q Section three — Unlawful interference 1. Work in pairs. D'scuss ine questions. 1 Winat measures co airlines take to prevent passengers getting into the cockpit? 2. Doyou know of any incidents where a passenger has tried unsuccessfully 10 enter the cockpit? What happened? 2 38,59 Listen to this incident aboard a passenger jel, and underline the correct information, ig 1 Thereis a very violent/ drunk passenger on board. 2. The planes entering Japanese /Korean atspece. 3. They decide to divert and land/ return to their departure aiport. 3 98,39 Listen again and answer the questions, Who does the man hit? How do they restiain the man? Why is the man violent? What does the pilot tll the attendant to do with the man? Vinat services do they request at the airport? How many passengers are on board? When will they enter Korean airspace? Pronunciation — Information groups and stress 11 Read the extract from the listening and put a forward slash ()) where you think the pauses should go. PNF centre intertight 547 a passenger nes attempied to enter the flight deck he’s also attacked the cabin crew there are injuries we have restrained him but we need to ge! him off the plane as soon as possible T _intertight §47 understand you have an unlawful interference please say fuel and persons on board PNF or 178 persons and four hours of fuel remaining can we descend to the nearest available aerodrome we'll need medical and security services ready Interlignt 547 T _nterlight 547 you are approaching Korean airspace contact Inchon control on 123.6 I'l agvise them of your situation and pass on your request 2 Now underine the parts of words that are sessed, and double underline the part of each information group thet cauries the main stress. 3 @ 39 Listen and check your answers. 100 | securityFunctional English ~ Reporting 1 Work in pairs. Look at tho pilcts original sentonco to the Tokyo ATC, and how the ATC reported the same. information. Try to complete the sentences with the missing vorbs, Pot —____ teenter the Injures. 3 descend io he nearest avaiable aerodrome? the nearest aerodrome. 4 ‘medicaland securiy @ They said services ready. ssecuriy services ready, 2. 59 Listen again and check your answers. 3 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 1. What usually happens to the tense of verbs in reported speech? 2 What happens to can and willin reported speach? What do you think happens to shail? * Read the direct quoie and then change the sentence using the reporting verb given 1. Sit, you have to leave the plane now. The security quard told 2 ‘Shall | contact MediLink? The captain asked 3 ‘One of our tlight attendants has been injured. The pilot caid 4° Contact Inchon Conti, The air tratfic controlar told the pilot 5 We have an emergency in the cabin. The fight attendant sald 6 ‘There are three serious injuries on board, The co-piiot tld the ATC 7 We would like to divert to another airfield. The pilot said Speaking 1 Work in groups of three, First, write down ten questions that a journalist could. ask the head of airport security about his / ner reaction to the incident, the ‘measures in place, ete. ‘Student A, you are the head of airport security. Answer the reporter's questions about the incident ‘Student 8, you are a reporter for 2 national newspaper. Ask the questions you prepared, and any others that you think of during the interview. ‘Student C. isten and note down the questions and answers (you don't need: towrite every word — just encugh to help you remember afterwercis) 3. Work together to write report ofthe interview, anc then read ito another group, SS SECURITY | 101sae Section four — Language development Functional English - Passive 41 Complete the sentences using the passive form of the verb in brackets. 1 Because of severe fog in the area, the fight “as diverted. (divert) 2 Two football supporters the flight. (throw off) 3 A fight atendant by the unruly passenger, (assault) 4 The aggressive traveller tothe ground by @ flight attendant and two passengers. (force) 5 The captain in the stomach by the drunken passenger. (punch) é that the plane was experiencing technical problems. (infor) 7 The contraliar to take a leave of absence following the incident. (tel) 8 The commercial fight {ofl through the miltary airspace, (not alow) 9 The Airbus Aa20 for any damage after the eme:gency langing. (check) 10. The jumbo jet on artival at Turin airport. (refuel) Expressing possibility and probability 2. Match the beginnings with the endings to make sentences, 1 Oxygen deprivation a... could do is ask Medlink for some advice 2 Weare diverting as wo b ...rright miee our fight. 3. They wil ¢ ... might be a cause of air rage. 4 One thing we 4... cant board the plane just yet 5 two don't descend immodistaly, the men ©. ...mmust have somothing to hide. 8 Her behaviour is extremely strange which {_... probably arrive anead of schedule means she because ofa tail wind. 7 There is a suspicious package near one of the 9 may die. gates so we h...cant land on the runway because of 8 Wermust hurry, otherwise we excess surface water. Reported speech 3 Underline the correct form, 1 The controller fold / told us to go around. 2 Some passengers refused /refused to cooperate with the crew's requests, 3. The tower said that us / we would have to wait for the next siot 4 Can you ask the flight attendants counting /to count he passengers acain? 5 We'd botler ask / ask for confirmation of the runway. 6 Tel the cabin crew that/1o take their seats for take-of 7 Ask the plot state /to stato his intentions. 8 |W request for / request iniormation about the landing conditions, 9 Can you toll us /to us what you are planning to do? 10 'm going to ask to/ ask the tower clearance /for clearance to land, 102 | SECURITY4 Change ths following sentences from direct speech te reported speech using the verbs in brackets. Pitot | think its a good idea if wo dole take-of 1 The pilot said he thought it was a good idea if we delayed take~oFF (say) Pitot Place the passencer at the rear ofthe plane. 2 - (tel) Passenger | would tke a glass of water, please. 3 (ask) Controller Confirm your position please. 4 (ask) Man I'm a qualities pilot. 5 (mention) Pitot We need to make an emergency landing 6 - (fequest) Pitot We havea problem. Controller lease give more information, 7 (advse) 8 (ask) Vocabulary — Physical conflict and restraint 1. Rearrange the letters 1o show the correct word for the definitions 1-10. 1 acomitius intended to hurt or upset someone 2 revosun feeling excited oF worried, or slightly atraid 3 gyam vory annoyed 4 sagivreseg ‘behaving in an angry way that shows you want to fight, attack, or argue with ‘someone 5 taidateg worried or upset 6 vronopceautie not wiling todo what someone asks you to do 7 vesabui offensive or ineulting 8 issupicuso that might be bad o dangerous 9 rkudn Unable to control your actions or behaviour because you have had too much alcoho! 10 rywunl very cificut to control 2 Complete the sontoncos with tho words in the box in the correct form. More than one answer may be possible ‘abuse bite ealmdown hendeuff harass hit kick punch remove restrain threaten 1 Achid was the back of my seat with their feet 2 The man started to a steward by repeatedly demanding whiskey. 3 The passenger to fone of the flight attendants with his shoe. 4. The pilot told him to ‘otherwise they would have to hin 5 The drunk lady ‘another passenger inthe stomach. 6 Asthey tned to the passenger she ‘one ofthe fight attendants’ hands, 7 The group were. the other passengers, shouting and swearing at them. 8 The group were told that if they dicn’t control their behaviour that they would be ‘rom the plane. SECURITY | 103Sua) 105 Unit 1 - Section 3 1 Read th Ta = 2 ll sions to your partner. NH3993 «3 KXSE5 4 ON778 5 Qvee0 2 Listen to your partner and write the call signs, then check what you have both writen, Unit 2 - Section 1 vite the complete forms of the abbreviations below, Then form a pair with a Student B to find out what abbreviations stand for, ebore air approach data distance final fix flight go ground level outside range recorder runway temperature to visual above ground —_tevel Far FOR ont RVR Student 8° abbreviations Fir TAS Tas TOGA zew PAIRWORK Unit 4 - Section 2 Explain the words in your crossword to Student 6 Explain what things ate used for, but don't say the words. Ask Student B to explain their words for you. alo : oyee eee Unit 5 - Section 2 Speaking (p 43) ‘Ask Student 8 to give you information about the CAP 292. How long is the CAP 232? What’ its height? Use units of measurement when you say the ‘specifications of the MX2, Its 21.5 f, or 655 m, specifications xa CAP 232 non- non metric metric metric metric length 215 655 hegnt 60 183 weight (unladen) 1,287 | 534 wing area 102 «98 grating +144 engine 320 max speed / VNE 220, siall speed VS 58 climb rate 3,600 | 1,066 rol rate 400 range 668 | 901 Unit 9 - Section 1 Functional English (p 73) Unit 7 - Section1 Speaking (p 57) You ae a customs offical ‘Asa now security measure the following rules have been introduced. ‘You have 1o explain to a passenger what is and isn’t allowed and why. Use language from the Functional English section if you can. Listen to Student B's ideas about what could be happening in the pictures. Then, without showing the pictures, describe what is actualy happening. PALRWORK | 105Unit 9 - Section 2 Functional English (p 74) 1 Describe your helicopter route to Student B. Do net show them your picture, 2 Listen to Student 8's description of the route of their helicopter and draw it on your picture. Unit 11 - Section 3 Pronunciation (p 92) 1 You are at a meeting reviewing emergency procedures. 2 Later in the same meeting, you need to talk about Listen to Student B talking from notes about an another incident, but you cnly have notes you made at incident. You have the correct information in the report the time. Talk about the incident, making full sentences below. Correct Student B politely but clearly from your notes. Student B has the offical report of he incident, and will corteot any information that is wrona, Grew Pot co pio, 3 tot atendans Ss Acer Passengers 121 ROOM re Departure cy —Lierpod, uk Destination city Sen Francisco, Caltomia Figntievel —FL.240 Protiam fal ak cndterrg ‘Action taken = emeryency landing at Manchester Apert Outcome «decompression caused by one of the cabin 5 Ain hand cargo door, ars et erg osed caret (problem due to tole in left a Auged by sharp object Unit 12 - Section 2 Functional English (p 99) 1 Complete the table with ancthar Student A. Use the language from the Functional English section, passengor's ‘suspicious’ likely imaginative behaviour interpretation Interpretation interpretation ‘A yourg man repeatedly He must have a He's probably hurt | He could be superstitions touenes one of his feet tomb in his shoe. his foot. about Aying, ard that's his ‘lucky’ shoe. Its summer, but a middle-aged woman in departures is wearing heavy winter clothes, ‘An elderly man doesn't respond ‘ogreetings. Two young women are travelling together, but no! talking to each other. 2 Each student form a peir with a Student B. Tell them only your interpretations They must guess what the passengers strange behaviour is. 106 | PAIRWORKSS a | Unit 1 (p 10) - Section 2 Find out from Student A where the folowng buildings ‘and features are. Mark them on your map, the general aviation terminal the airport police station the airorait rescue and fire-tighting station the international arivals terminal the control tower anelpad Decsribe the poston of he buildings and features that ‘Student A asks for. The prepositons nthe box wil be usetUt In the centre of he north of infront of parallel to next to behind opposite ‘on the opposite side of Unit 1 - Section 3 Pronunciation (p 12) 1. Listen to your partner and write the call signs. 2. Read the call signs to your partner then check what you have both wetten, 1 ABrOS 4 EKO65 2 PHs70 5 78256 3. FII90 Speaking (p 13) You and your partner have the same picture of an afield with different things missing. Describe your aitield and liston to your partners description of thairs. Draw anything that is missing, a Unit 2 - Section 1 Functional English (p 17) Work with another student B, Use the words in the box towite the complete forms of the aboreviatons below. Then form a pair with a Student A to find out what abbreviations stand for. air around be Hight fuel go Information Instrument landing off region specified speed system take to true weight 010 FIR flight _infernantion region mas Tes TOGA zp us Student AS abbreviations AGL ore Far PAIRWORK | 107Ss ae) Unit 2 - Section 2 Vocabulary (p 18-19) ‘Ask student A what places are at the folowing co-ordinates. Write the names of the places in the approximate posttion on your map, example What do you have at two-nine degrees, ‘wo minutes, ‘our.nine decimal seven-eight seconds south, one-six-savan degrees, five-seven minutes, four two decimal nine: eight seconds east? g70z49.7e'S 67°57 42.98°E 17°4535.72'S—177°2639.93°E 229005278 171°2043.88"E so5rz9.4"S — 15171297.52E be ick eee | [wk Lok [eet Unit 2 - Section 3 Speaking (p 21) Ask Student A to describe their positon using visual fies. Direct them to the airstrip, getting them tocontim or discontirm what they can see along the way. 108 PAIRWORKUnit 4 - Section 2 Unit 7 - Section 1 Functional English (p 35) Speaking (p 57) Explain the words in your crossword to Student A. You area passenger and went to take the following tems Explain what things are used for, but don’t say tne words. on board. Try to get the customs officer to let you take ‘Ack Studont A to oxplain thoir words for you the items on board your fight. Use language from tho Functional English section if you can, 200 cigaratias a box of freworks a packet of ten lighters perfume (bought in cuty-ree) ten packets of tea. ‘wo ife-jackets with carbon dioxide cylinders ‘wo row car batteries (You have amped the battery acd and disconnected the terminals, The passenger in ‘fontof you hasan decric whee! chair which contains a iecennected batiory, Heis alowed take twit him) bl elalale Unit 9 - Section 1 ‘arlais|s|malriglile , | Functional English (p 73) Cie|T vie #1 melts 1 Listen to Student A’s ideas about what could be happening in the pictures. Then, without showing the plcures, descrive what is actualy happening, Unit 5 - Section 2 Speaking (p 43) ‘Ask Student A to give you information about the NX2 Example How long is the MX2? What’ its height? Use units of measurement wnen you say the specications of the CAP 232 Example 1's 22.2 ft, or 6.76 m. specifications x2 CAP 232 hon. non metric metric metric metric length 222 | 676 height 58) 179 weight (unladen) 4.290586 wang area 109.2 10.1 grating #40 engine 300 max speed 219 stall speed 56 ccimo rato 3,200 | 1,002 roll rate 420 renge 41200 | 648 2 Change roles. Look at the Student B pictures on p 73, PAERWORK | 109aise ne 119 Unit 9 - Section 2 Functional English (page 74) 4. Listen to Student AS descziption of the oUte of their helicopter and draw iton your picture. 2. Descrite your helicopter route to Student A. ‘Do not show them your picture. Unit 9 - Section 3 1 Flight SQ286 taxied to runway O5R at Auckland's International ‘Airport and was cleared for take-off. When the captain rctatod tho Functional English (p 77) 1747-412 fr it-f, the tll suck the runway end scraped or 490 m unt the aeroplane became airboine. The tall stike occured because the rotation speed was 43 kt less than the 163 kt required for the aaropiane’s weight 2 The controller cleared Flight 604 fer a vieual approach to. runway 15, At 19:54 the crew reported on finals and were cleared to land. The F-28 touched down 4.5 m short of runway 15 and struck the edge of the runway threshold. It continued for 112m bbofore coming off the runway. It ran another 263 m before it ‘kidciod into another sireraft and stopped. 3. Flight 1659, a 8797-200, was vectored for visual approach to runway 8, The fights dascent angie was more than 6°, Touchdown ‘speed was 182 kt, The crew Gouin’ stop the aircratt on the runway ‘andi overran. kt crashed through the perimeter fence at a speed of 42 Kt and stopped on « highway. The forward service deor escape side inflated inside the plane and the nose gear colapsed. Unit 10 - Section 3 Speaking (p 85) 1 You are a student pilot on a solo fight in a Cassna 172SP. Your partner is the flight instructor on the ground You have fuel probleme and engine power loss. You can't ramember all ofthe manuals choetlst for thie situation. You have radio communications. Your instructor wil tell you the correct readings and control settings for power joss. Check them against your coniral settings in the picture, and fing out what mistakes you have made. Use language from the Functional English section, 2 Change roles. You are 2 flight instructor on the ground. Your partner is a student pilot on a solo flight in a Cessna 172SP. Ho|She has fuel problems and is going to make a powier-of landing, He/She cent remember all ofthe checklist and is busy trying to fly the aircraft. You have radio communications. Go through the ‘checitlist betow. Find out what mistakes he/she he has made and correct them, POWER OFF LANDING air speed = 68 KIAS transponder code = 7700 mixture = IDLE CUT-OFF (= fully out) fuel shut-off valve = OFF (= fully out) ignition switch = OFF flaps: = 30 0r FULL PAIRWORKUnit 11 - Section 3 Pronunciation (p 92) ‘Ai amecting roviewing emergency procedures, you feed to talk about an Incident that happened, but you only have notes you made at the tine. Tak about tho incidort, making full sentences from your netes. Student A has the offical report of the incident, ang wit correct any information that is wrono, z ProeS «ee or] b crew 71 passengers teak off From Blackpool, UK heading for San Diego, California flight level 230 roblens ~ faulty door seals tuergency landing at Birminghane Aireort cause of deccamression ~ one of the doors not checked pronerly 2 Latorin tho eame meoting, you listen to Studert A talking from netes about an incident. You have tne correct inform in the report below. Correct Student A poltely but clearly, Incident report Crew Pilot, co-pilt, 2 fight attendants Passengers 115 Departure city Manchester. UK Destination city Oakland, California Flight level FL.260 Problem cabin decompression Action taken returned to Manchester Airport Outcome Decompression wes caused by a small hole in the right-hand cargo door. The hole was probably | created by a ramp vehicle at Manchester Aiport PAIRWORK 111Sus TUDENT C 112 Unit 12 - Section 2 Functional English (p 99) Imaginative interpretation She may have an old phe of her dead husband and 1. Complete the table wth another Student B. Use the language trom the Functional English section passenger's ‘suspicious’ likely behaviour interpretation interpretation An elderly womens noang | She might be She 1 probably her handbag very close to hiding & weapon ‘afraid of losing her body. her medication A tocnage boy cannot wal. straight A middle-aged businessman refuses to part with his umbrelia, A young man is wearing a ‘ucksack with wires coming fromit 2 Each student form a pair with a Student A. Tell them enly your interpretations ‘They must guess what ihe passenger’ strange behaviour is, Unit 9 - Section 3 Functional English (p 77) 1 Fight S286 taxied to runway OBL at Auckland's International Airport and was cleared for taxe.ofl. When the captain rotated the B747-412 fo ito, the tal struck the runway and scraped for 490 ft until the aeroplane became arbome. The tal strike occurred because the rotation speed was 33 ktless than the 1 required for the aercplane's weight. 2 The controler cleared Flight 504 for a visual approach to runway 15, ALO3:54 the crew reported on finals and were cleared to land. The F-28 touched down 4.5 m short of runway 16 and struck the edge of the runway thresheld. It continued for 212 m before coming off the runway. Itran another 263 m before it skidded into the wall of a building and stopped 3. Flight 1456, a 8737-300, was vectored for a visual approach to runway 18 The tights ‘escent angle was more then 6°. Touchdown speed was 182k. The crew couidn't ‘stop tho aircraft on tho runway and it averran, Iterashed through the peximotor fonco ‘ata speed of 32 ktand stopped ona highway. The forward service-coor escape slide inflated outside the plane and the nose gear collapsed. PAIRWORK doesn't want 42 lose itLISTENING. | SCRIPT Unit 1 @ 01 Our first hotspot is texivay E as we approach from. taxiway C on route to runway 22R, The signage is confusing, and a blast fence blocks the view of the tend of the runway. Arcralt taxiing 10 22R via C often. turn ete tr A seccnd problem area is taxiway Z crossing runway 19R/ SIL. A right tum is required when crossing 13A to \axiviay Z on the opposite side. There are two taxi ine leading across, Ifyou follow the wiong one, you could Jp with a conflict with errivel traffic on runway 19R. inthis situation, advise ATC immediately and get off the runway as quickly as possible 0! concern fs using Juliet to vansttion trom Ato south-eastbound. Aircraft outbound ftom K and KK may sometimes be issued tho instruction “Taxi lft A. Ay, transition to B, y important not to miss the lum onto B, because J leads across runway 22R, Quebes Romeo Zulu November Hotel Juliet Alpha = controtier ,P = pilot © MC796, say your position. P We're clear of the runway on ... er... Nby B, Mc7a8, © MC796, tank you. Taxi to the ramp via taxiways N and T . Report crossing runway 16 P Roger. N, Tand report crossing 16, MC798. MC79@ is on N by the runways here... er... We anit see much because ifs so fogay, Are we. cleared to cross straight ahead on Ni, © M798, cross runway 16. Join taxiway NT on the ‘opposite sid P._NTon the opposite side, Were approaching Kilo fete ... oh... There's somebody taking off! © MC798, you shouldn't ba near K. Hold your positor P To MC © MC798, 237 is not an active runway PEr...'m sorry, Ma'am, We're on 231 and 16, and am facing K. I'm looking out the window and | can 996 a sign that says '23L' to my right, and there saying “16 to my left and a yellow sign saying ‘'to my tight, and another sign to my left © MC798. Just go straight ahead. Tell me when you et to the next sign please. P OK wetenow on 231. We are approaching K © MC798. Roger. Turn right at K and make a slight left turn onto taxiway C. Hold short of runway 23R. PB Wereon kK a approaching C on K. Ind we'e clear of the runway. We're 1 FRGS6 2 Ag62a 3 C7310 4 LNS88 5 HYSS71 8 Maza Unit 2 rochnow, C = controller, V = Vette P__MAYDAY, MAYDAY. MAYDAY, Auckland Contio! N4SAC. I'm lost. Ima Cessna 188 AgWagon, © _NASAC. Auckland Centro roger mayday, v 03 contacting NASAC, P__NASAC. Copy. LISTENING SCRIPTmee cisteninc scrieT e e V__ NASA. We area DC-10 en route ‘rom Fij to New Zealand. We received news of your situation. We are offering assistance. Can you tell me what happened? P TE103. Thanks. Departed Pago Pago at three this morning with around 22 hours endurance. | wanted to have enough light to see rry txes. But the ADF stopped working correctly, ané now tunable to calculate my position. NA5AC. V__NASAC, We ere going to try to estabish VHF ‘communication with you. 08. Turn towards the sun and report your heading. P Wileo. My heading is 274° V__N45AC, We ere facing the sun, Our heading is 270. The difference s 4°, so you are south of our postion. Now hold cut your hand. How many fingers do you have between the horizon and the sun? About two and a half fingers. V__NASAC. We have four fingers, so you ate south: ‘west of our postion. Fly heading 315, P Heading 315, V_NASAC. Maintain your position, so.we can establish your position using the radio signal, We'l maintain our heacing until we lose contact. Then ‘wo will turn left to re-establish contact, and then {ty to box you in this way. Well contact you aga very soon. NABAC. It's getting dark. What time is your suneet? P The sunis setting now, and itis 0752 zulu. V__NASAC. Sunset on Norfok stand is 0790 zulu. Tha! means you are 5.6” east and 30” south of Norfolk Istand. Maintain your heading, P TE103. |can see a light. | thir V__NASAC. Your co-ordinates are 31° south, 170° 21 east. You are 150 mies from Nerfolk Is'anc. 10 north south east west south-east northwest south-west north-east 27a Se east 32"souh — 170°21 east 14°32'40.25" north " Jal We received news of your situation. A The ADF stopped working correctly ‘df | wanted to have enough ight 'o see my fixes. 12 1a) followed arrived tied 2) estabisned approached tasked Shd/contacted —-depaned calculated 114 | LISTENING SCRIPT e123 P=pllot, ¢ = controller MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY. TUB. ‘TW. Pass your message, MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY. We'ee lost. TUB. Say last known postion, Last known position was 15 miles south-east of CELRA VOR. TJB TUB. Roger, last known position 15 miles south- feast of CELRA VOR, Remain staight and level. P__I'msstraight and level right now. We're in total IMC. {can't see the ground. “TUB. Squawk 7700 on your transponder sit. Squawking 7700. TJB. TUB. I dont have you on my screen. Can you ccorfirm your aircraft type, alttude and speed? P Were ina Beech Baron. Altitude 3,000. Spaed 110. TUB, © TUB Please site fuelon board and persons on board, have 780 ib of fuel, and eight persons on board. Endurance ie approximately one hour and 30 ‘minutes ... Ican see he ground now. | can see lies, and | can make out ... high ground on each ‘Sido of the aircraft 9 vovdOy ovo TUB. Can you tly into VFR? Affi ... I Gan see high ground to the north. rm flying up a valley, with woods to the north, and fiolds below me, There is 2 road below mo. TUB. Confirm that you can see a roed, Aim. | can see a road. ‘TUB. What side ofthe valley is the road on? The highway is to my right, on the south side of the valley, TUB. Can you make out a river? Afr There is a rivet JB. Is the river on ine north side of the road? Afar. The river is... no... the road is crossing the fivor. The river i now cn the south side ofthe road? TWB. Can you clarity that the road crossed the rver ‘and is now cn the south side of the road? P__Nogativo. The road ie now on the north cide of the ‘iver, The oad is now turning south-east... there's a reservoir below me now. © TUB. Can you see a communications mast at 12 Ciclock, at about 4 mies? P Affirm, There s a commurications mast al 12 o'cock. © TUB. Tuin hard left and make a 180° turn, heading 265. Expedite, P Making 180° left turn, heading 265. TJB, fm coming out of the valley and I can see a bult- up area ahead and a lake at one o'clock. TB. © WB. There is an airport witha tower 5 rrles north- west, Say intentions P dike to land. Can you give me vectors? wove 20 zov0 °Unit 3 @ 15 ‘J= Jean —aitline employee, M= Mehmet — pilot J Mobmet... can | have a word? M_ Sure, Jean, How can | nelp you? J Well, you know the airline is upgrading the leet |! was wondering - what's your opinion on tho two options. M__ They're looking at the Boeing 777 and the Airbus A320, aren't they? J Thats right M_ Well both of them are very sophisticated vehicles ~ they both use tly-by-wire technology. J. Sorry Mehmet - can you just explain what Ny-by- wire’ means? M__ Inafly-by-wiro airraft, tho pilot manoeuvres the aircraft by operating @ computer. But in a ‘conventional aircraft. the pilot uses a control column thatis physically linked to the contol surfaces. J Soll the A320 and 777 are bath tly-by-wire, what's the difference? M_ Tho 777 hos an override function. J Tim not sure what you mean by ‘an override function’ MOK - it. eystem that aiows tho pilot o ignore the builtin limi. J OK. M_Onsthe other hand, the A320 has built-in protection, J What do you mean? M__ In other werds, the Airbus computer doosnt allow pilois io do anything dangerous, There are limits on the Airbus to increase safety, J So basically, on an Airous the computer has tutimate conti, and on the Boeing 777 the pilot decides. M_ That's correct. J Gan you give me an example? M__ For example, computers stop the pilot climbing more then 30?, 30 that the plane doesn't stall, And there are projections to prevent overspeed. That is. it stops the pilot from going faster than is safe. J So that makes it safer, right? ‘M__ Wel, in my opinion, when you fully automate and protect the system, you reduce the pilot's ‘capabilly. To put it another way, sometimes the airccat should allow manual contro | mean, yyou shouldn't limit the pull-up capability. for ‘example to miss another plane or the ground. ‘At the Habsneim airshow for exampie, builtin protection didn't allow the pilot o pull up, and the plane crashed. But sometimes builtin protection can prevent an accident ... a Boeing 757 hit a mountain in Colombia because the crew didn't rotract the speed brakos as thoy climbed. The spead bxakes on an A320 retract aucomaticaly. J It'seems that there are good arguments on both sides. Well yes — theyre both extreme sate. port bat tab pet ‘ap beg staple bit evonsens a 7 PNF = pilot non-flying, C = controller, PF = pilot fying PNF_ Bros, M246. Request descent © M243, Cleared, descend FL 150 PF Wha‘ the...” The ights have gone. And we've lost he autopiot. and autohnst rave manual contol NF The engines sound OK. The primary tight dlspays have gone. PF cart ee te siandby horizon, bu can just ‘make out the narizonoutsie. Ive gat contrat ofthe atucle Cal Centre and tel ham whats happening. Deciae an emesgency and tel them whats happened. PNF_MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY. MP48, We have a system fare -our Kgs are nol working and our displays are down. I don't think thy 8 receing us because the real’ lost its power PF_ Ok ets ty to get he system gong agein NF. So, I shine my fasigh cn the ECAM.. tras beter PF Try rebooting the system. PN Tho instrucions are onthe lover sreen, PF Ive.gol contol and communications, Follow the instructions step by step. PNE_OK.1 can only accoss the instructions one ata time. PF Fist read he instruction, Then folow i. Check k beter you delet it PNF_ OK, 50. nsttuction number one says. ... Number eight didn't help. PF What's the net instruction? PNF- So... ft Fy number nine. A The systern’s back on ine. We've got power PF Right Fist try to contact ATC so they know our slvtion, Ask fra holding pattern. Then we can try to see what went wrong, LISTENING SCRIPT | 115eh mee Sa = 116 a1 1 Call Centre and tell them whats happening. 2. Try rebooting the system, 3. First, read the instruction. Then follow it. Check it before you detete it. 4 What's the next instruction? 5 First, try to contact ATC 80 they know our situation. Unit 4 19 P1= pilot 1, P2 = pilot 2, G1 /G2 = ground 2 P1_ OK, that’s the pre-fight checklist finished. Is the cargo nearly ready? 2 Yos, tho containers for the noxt log are loaded. | think the ground handlers are wit) the fork-Hit tuck unloading the animals now. Il go and check on progross. P1_ OK, We need to push back in wenty minutes. really, at five past one. | don't want to miss our slot. 2 Hey, how's it going down hore? Nearly ready? G1 We've got a problem in the aft hold! A cage door {s damaged, and one o! the lions is breaking out of its cage! P2_ Is everyone OK? G1_ Yes, everybody's safe - we got out quickly and closed the door behind us. What should we do? 2 I'drather know what's going on in there before | make any decisions, This 's what I'd like you to do ~ open the door quickly. assess the situation, and close itagain. G1_ Well... OK. There ne is. He’s hallway out G2_Look - the cage lock’s broken off. And also the thing that holds the door onto the cage is broken, G1_ The hinge? Yes, that's broken 00. So, we've got a cargo net for catching him, but someone's got to {get in and throw it over him. P2 Look, | dont want anyone to put themselves in danger. I'd prefer to get some help with this. We need avet G1 | agree. Ohno ~ he's out. Close the door again, quick! @ 20 1 I.don't want to miss our slot 2. I'd rather know what's going on in there before | make ary decisions. 3 This is what I like you to do. 4 I'don’t wart anyone to put themselves in danger 5 I'd profor to got some help with this. @ 21 1 This is going to make us late. 2 We've got a probiem in the hold. ‘3 What do you think we should do? LISTENING SCRIPT 22 PNF = pilot non-tlying, © = tower, PF = pilot fying c PNE PF PNF PF PNE PF PNF 23 PF PNF PF PNE PF PNE PF PNF PF PNF PF PNF PF PNE PF PNF PNF PNE PNE PNF PF 24 PNF PF PNF ‘S2TH. Contact departure 121.75. Good day si Contact departure 121.75 S27H thank you Aftor tako.of checklist. After take-off checklist, complete What was that? What? That noise? Oh! The windshiela! That's a mutipie stiket ‘That was four birds! Engine number one is still running. Where's the power? Were rolling et. There's no data on the screen for engine number We need to get wings level. Increase thrust on number one, Increasing thrust OK, wings level The engine's rot running propery It's hard to remain level. Help me ‘Any power on number one? | dont know. | can’ see any power at al, The displays read nathing. | think we need to shut it down. lintend to shut dovin number ono. OK, shut down number one. Shutting down number one. More power on two and three. Increasing power on two and three. OK. Can you clean the windshield? Get those wipers.on, Wipers on. 827H Moi Tower. We see llames and smoke from your lott engine. Is everything OK? No, @ bird has gone into the engine. We Nit lots of bitds at 1,890. We've lost number one engine. 27H. 27H. Your number one engine has ingested birds. Are you declaring an emergency? Declaring an emergency. We're planning on coming back. S27H. S27H. State parsons on board. Three crew mambers. 827H. State fuel on board Er... 194,000kg. Holding wings level is dificult S27H. Say intentions. What are we going to do? Go around ta the left? Yes. | don't intend to land with this much (uel on. board, Turn left, dump fuel and get back down. We're going to make a lett ortit of the airfield 27H.© S27H. Cen you make right turns? PNF Negative, sir Right turns wit be very hard. Vo prefer o turn lef. _S27H, Understand you are unable to make right turns. Tum left at your discretion PF OK, we need to dump fuel as soon as possible. PNF We plan to dump fuelto landing weight. S27H, Unit 5 O25 interviewer, T = Thiago 1 Welcome back to Radio Action. im here with ‘champion ait-race pilet, Thiago Silvo Corbera. Now, Thiago, can you tell us a ite about aerobatic manoeuvies? T Thetwo basic manoouvies are the loop, which Is where you fly a vertical circle, You can fly an inside loop, where you pitch up into a circle, or an ‘outside loop where you pitch down into a circle. ‘And there’s the roll, ether a hal roll- where the wings turn 180° to inverted fight so that you fly upside-down, or a full oll, where you rotate 360°. ‘And what about the more complex manoeuvies? T The barrel ral s where you complete one loop ‘and one rall at the same time, making a fight path Similar to @ horizontal corkscrew, ike when you open a bottle of wine. Amore complex manoeuvre is the Cuban eight, which again is 2 combination cf loops and rells. This manoeuvre makes a shape lie a number eight. My favourite manoeuvre is the tall slide, That's a straight vertical cimb up unti you lose momentum. You then fall backwards, tail first, until he nose drops through the horizon to ‘vertical down position, and then you droo back inte lovel fight. Moves like this aro fun, bul tho ‘most imprtant thing in an air race competition is compleiing the course as fast as you can, ‘What aeroplane are you flying ioday? Imlying an Extra 300s. ‘And how is tis different from normal aircratt? Wel, they are quite different in that they are much lighter than normal aitcraft and they have more ‘power for their weight, This aircraft orly weighs 672 kg but is has 300 HP engine. Another key difference is that the control surfaces, the ailerons, rugder and elevators, deflect at least 25°, which is. much more deflection than conventional aircraft This is s0 you can make the hard manoeuvres at high speed, Do you ever get scared? T_The scariest moment 'vo ever had was doing a manoeuvre called the hammemead, You start by flying vertcally, but then slow down and aoply {ull rudder ang full apposie ailoron. You then yaw ara- 180° to nose-down attitude. But this time the aileron didnt release properly, and | almost went into a spin end crashed, Luckiy, | got control, and when I landed, | checked the control systems and found a leak in the hydraulic tines. 1 And how are you feeling about the air race today? Ive conea lot of taining, and I'm feeling positive 1. Well, good luck. and thanks for talking to us, T My pleasure. Thank you. feet metres square feet kilometres feet per minute degrees per second knots 9s nautical miles square metres pounde kilos OR kilograms, horsepower metres per minute 27 The Extra 300s has a length of 226 tt er 6.9mm, aheightof 85 ft or 2.6 mand an unladen weight of 1,480 Ib ~ or 672 kg, The combined wing area $ 98 ft'- or 9.1 mF. The Exéra 300s has a g-atng cf 4/-10gs, and has a Lycoming cylinder power plant which produces 300 HP. giving a NE speed of 220 kt, ts stall speeds 60 kt The arcratt ccan climb at a rate of 3,200 ft- or 975 m — per inute and rollat arate of 400° per second. Its range is approximately 944 km or 510 nr, 28 1. six point five one 2. six huncred and fity-one 3. Sx thousand, five hundred and one 29 plot, C= controller P- Approach. Executive 56. We''e having trouble controling the attiude. Its dificult to estabish level fight. Declaring an emergency. Executive 56 © Executive 66, roger your emergency. Stale intentions. P We'd... er. lke to come back to your airport ‘but we are stil trying to fight the pitch and bank. We've got low hydraulic pressure and we've got very litle deflection on the elevator or ailerons. Executive $6. Executive 56. Just tell me wnat you need and tt ‘get it for you. LISTENING SCRIPT | 117SS 118 @ 30 onens o It’s very dificult to pull or turn on the columa er... Wee usng asymmetrical thrust... er... Were using the engines to turn. We can only make big turns. Executive 59, Executive 86. Roger. Big turns only. Manoeuvre at yout discretion. We're going to go out west and then make a straight in approach if that’s possible, We're fighting to ke2p it straight and level. We will need a very long final. | dont think we have spoilers, reverse thrust or brekes, So we'd tke the longest runway possible. Executive 55. Executive 56. OK, a visual on runway 07. Would you like emergency assistance at the far ond of the runway? ANfirm, Executive 56 Executive 56, The services have been activated. Do you want me to ine you up with the endo! the runway right now? Yes ploase, but wo're really struggling to follow heading. Piease keep giving us vectors to the field. Executive 56. Executive $6, Roger. Turn left heading 050" 050, We'te adopting landing configuration now to slow us down, Executive 56. Roger Executive 56. We have flaps and. er... and landing gear is down and contol is easier now. We have the field insight Executive 50. Roger. You are cleared to land runway 07. Wind 170 with 26 kt ‘Approach, we're down safely, but we overran the runway Executive 58, Executive 56. Glad you'r all OK. Is there anything ese youneea? Weill need help getting back to the apron Executive 56 Executive 96. Roger. You're otf the end of tne runway. We'll get a low tuck to take you back. Vie're having trouble controling the attitude. Ite dificult to ostabich level tight. Just tell me what you need and I't get it or you We're fighting to keep it straight and level Would you like emergency assistance at the far ‘end of the runway? Do you want me to line you up with the end of the runway right now? Were really struggling to follow a heading, Is there anything else you need? LISTENING SCRIPT <0 Pp @ 34 resenter, A= Antonio, G = Greta, Y So, whet does everyone think about this —is it possible to separate your personal life from your \woxk life? Yes, Antonio Iidont think itis. For example, | heard recently ‘about a senior captain wno had just signed on for a three-day pattern of fling after spending three days ‘ff duty at home. After take-off he heard ‘goar up’ called buthe retracted the flaps by mistake. Anyway, they found out afterwards that he was worried about money, and that hie baby son had kepthim awake, and so he was exhausted and unfocused at work Well that ilustrates how personal worries can affect poriormance. Things tke a relationship, breakdown or financial difficulies can cause stress which can impact work. So what can people do to help thom cope with stress? “Ty and idenily the sources of sess. Some experts suggest keeping a diary torecord what events affect your energy and time. For some people there might be something spectic that triggers enger or anxiety, (or they might ust eal overworked, So how can you avoid getting really run down? ‘You should try to take holidays from work regulary Organize your schedule around them. And take regular breaks while you're warking too. When yout siaiting to fee! a bit down, | think it can helo to tak to a friend about your problems and feelings. But ifthe cause of stress is outside of your control, you may want to get professional help on haw to deal with it. Some companies provide counseling for employees. For me, the best way of deaing wth siress is lo make ‘sure you exercise, eat and sleep well, And # youcant sleep, well then | suggest you see your doctr Oh... Another good idea is 10 try and make more time for those things you enjoy. Take regular ‘opportunities to relax. I would advise a stressed friend oF colleague to tly some siress-reducing techniques such as meditation oF a massage. That's great. | think you've come up with some really good ways of coping with stress. Now stress pressure ‘spending fraps fight breakdown spectic, plansCPT = captain, \We'te stil struggling to get a slot. The brake light is blinking. Is the runway dry enough to drive on? The flaps are frozen and need freeing, Vlwipe the grease off the glass. 10 triod to fix the trouble twice. ‘There's a threat of svikes throughout the country. controller, M = medical advisor, F = first officer CPT Calo Centre, this is Dvestream 290. c Divestream 290 Cairo Centre. Pass your mossage. ‘CPT We have a medical situation on board. We are az e772 72 7272 47 2 mete FA contacting MedLnk now. Divestream 290. Roger, you have a medical problem on board, Keep us advised. Cairo Centre MedLink. tm Dr Slowinski, Which flight are you calling from please? This is Divestream fight 280 and this is Moustef, the first officer, Thanks Moustaf, How can | help you? We have a passenger, a young ran from Belgium. He's having difficuty breathing, nes shaking badly, and his eyes are shut How old is the man? He's in his late twenties, Ishhe able to communicate? No. I don't think he can hear anyone. He's erying In pain (OK, you should move the other passengers away from the patiort, # possible. Luckily his seat is to the rear of the aircraft, so we've already moved the other passengers away, Good. Have you removed his seat bet? Yes, we have. We've laid him down on the floor, ‘Tha’s good. Where has he been? From his passport, it looks like he has been on holidey in Egypt forten days, Have you found any other information about nim? No. we haven't found anything else yet. We're looking through hie belongings, Has he eaten or drunk anything? No. the crew havent begun to serve drinks yet {1s¢0 you are travoling to Paris CGD. How long have you been airborne? \Vie\ve been in the air for about 15 minutes. So you'ta stil climbing. Are you climbing rapidly? ‘Yes we are. ATC asked jor a steep climb out of Cairo due to trafic, ‘Mousiat, he has just started coughing blood, ané we think he is lsing consciousness. ‘Oh dear FA "ve just looked in his hand luggage. | found @ hotel receipt, a wallet and 2 scuba-civing log book. It looks lke he dived this morring, Mid |usthear that the patient dived ths, morning? Er. yes. OK, ths sounds like it sa case of decompression sickness, which is a citical = descend right away if you can ~ every foot you climb could seriously affect the patient's he You should divert and find an attemate airport that hes medical services. Try asking ATC to help youind an alternate that is close toa decompression chamber. There should be a diving decompression chamber somewhere on the Red Sea, F Roger, leveling off and initiating descent @ 37 ‘We've already moved the other passengers away. Heve you removed hie seat bolt? We haven't found anything else yet. Has he eaten or drunk anything? "vo [ust looked in his hand luggage. ® 38 Ho's having difficulty breathing, he's shaking badly, and his eyes ave shut. © 39 1. Nausea, dizziness, lasing consciousness and sweating 2. She's trembling. coughing and eryina, 3. Lie the pastenger down, put him in recovery position and call Medtink. Unit 7 @or Most passengers know what they can and cantt bring into an sirport. Its cbvious that you musint bring ‘anything explosive on board. Although some people sill try, even when they know’ its ilegal. The owner of the black ponder know he wasn't alowed to transport itwithout declaring it as dangerous goods. You have to Geclare dangerous goods or you are breaking the law. Less than one percent of cargo incidents reported Involve dangerous goods which have been correctly declared. It's cfficut to understand for example how ‘someone let chemical solutions and corasive solids on board without question just because they were labelled a ‘laundry products’, Maybe better dangercus gocds training is required. LISTENING SCRIPT 119eeeeiisteine scerer #02 PA-= voice over public address A = radio presenter 'S = smoke-jumper , 0 = operations manager, P pilot PA Al jumpers. We have a 1 km? fire 82 km south: west, Get sulled. Get your full. Line up for inspection. We have a 43 departure. R's a hot summer’ day in the far east of Russia, and! on my way to a wild fre. 'm hee wih the aerial fire service, who fight the many fires that burn through the forests of northem Asia, Ancroi vJachmenkov is a smoke-jumper, Andre! ~ Could you describe your work to us? S__ I jump to the ground to bring the fires under contro I's dangerous work — you have to be i ‘both mentally and physically. And you have to keep @ cool head and make fast decisions. F_Thefire service looks after hundreds of square kilometers irom the Arctic to the borders of Mongolia. When the office receives a report of ‘emoke, they scramble an airborne fire-fighting team. Atleast four smoke-jumpers are dropped to-cut away the vegetation to contain the fire, and air-tanker pilets tacke the blaze by spraying the area with water oF fire-retardant liquid, | Nave nee operations manager, Alex Letov Alex Would you toll us how firos aro caueod? © Sometmes the fires are started by peoole For example. this spring an industrial cas tank ‘exploded, causing a sorioue wildfire. But our 'ypical fies are ignited by ightring storms, and because the forest gets very dry aver the summer, the trees catch fire easily and fires can spread ‘over a large area quickly. But Sepiember and October is defintely our busiest time of year, before the winter rain and snow arrives. We have torespond early to the fire, wien k's much more manageable ... much easier 'o put aut R__ Tatyana Dubrova lies an Antonov 2 forthe fre P When that siren goes ... that's when the job really begins. I have to try to get @ low altitude and air speed for the jumpers, and al the time think of the terran, the trees, the wind. | sometmes have to make two or three traffic circuits to make a safe dip. The jumpers are getting ready to drop into he forest. Anckei Can you tak about your work on the grounc? S We have ta make absolutely sure the tre has gone ‘out. Extinguishing it completely can take days. The most difficult parti finding a road 0 you can got ‘out ofthe forest agan, OK. here we go P_ Jumpore, don't tak. Got ready .. drop zone! ‘Jump! Go! One! Two! Jumpers avray 120 LISTENING scrIPT 03 1 2 3 4 5 6 c NE 05 PF PNF PF PNF PF PNF PF PNF PNF ccm PNF com PF 06 ccm PN com PNE con PNF PF Get your full kit Line up for inspection Could you describe your work to us? Would you tell us how fires are caused? Can you talk about your work cn the ground?” Jumpers, don't talk, Got ready... drop zona! -ontroller, PF = pilet flying, PNF = pilot non- flying, Com sabin crew manager Siberian 3A, Kunming Centre, maintain FL 330 mach 85. Maintain FL 980 mach BS, Siberian 3A. What was that? Thie ist right. What's happened? Three circut-breakers have tripped. Theyre showing a problem Where’ the problem? In one of the washrooms. Maybe the fan overheated. "lask the cabin crew manager fo look into Viltry and reset the circul-breakers. OK? Yes, hi, im geting reports of an urpleasant smell bback here, coming from the rear washrooms, ike an electrical burning small. Some ofthe passengers are geting a ite uncomfortabie with i Couid you move the passengers away? Sure, will do Go have a lock Ficheck it out now, Why didn't t set off the smoke detector? Im not happy with this at all. Something's wrorg. Tere was smroulderng in the washroom. | don't know if any wiring has come loose. | sprayed it with the extinguisher | thik it's gono out ‘What do you think caused it? | don't know. Maybe the vacuum outlet overloaded. I couldn't seo where it was coming from. 1! go back now and doubee check. Yeah, go, We need to know the source of the fire. Il teke my goggles, just in case. Yeah, We'll put our masks an, Go back, but don’t got yourself incapacitated. | can't get back there, Why not? The smokes too heavy. ‘Ave the passengers OK? People are starting to have trouble breathing We have to go down. Initiating an emergency descentU e 0 1 right 2 fight 3 fame 4 tong 5 load 6 arrve nit 8 08 “The weather here is very changeable. Winters can bbe overcast with drizzle but summers can be clear and warm. As a result of he warm Atlantic wind, the temperature remains quite high — @ rarely snows and is never very cy. Aircraft usually depart on the south-west heading due to prevailing south-westerly winds. The slrport operator has just resurfaced the runway, and because of this sometimes there can be standing water and it can be slippery. Pots using the airport at Bristol should be caretul of this The weather here is quite predictable from season to seazon 2s we are in the mi¢dle of the continent, in winter there is cold weather and snow and the wind is northerly, from the Arctic. But the problems come in the summer months, when cifferent pressure zones can cause very hot, sticky and humid conditions one moment, and then | severe thunderstorms the newt. This leads to quite ng delays as circraft have to enter holding patterns and wait tobe vectored in to land. Approaches to the airfield can ‘be quite rough, partioulaly for smaller aircraft Winter is quite rild this far south - the probes cee. {for us fh early summer. the summer rainy season, the ‘monsoon results in heavy ran and high huricity al Kerala _aerecrome, with stiong south-westerly wincs. It can thorefcre be cific to predict the heavy rains, and flooding can happen al any time. Its qute common for parts of the. airfield to flood, and we have to close the airport for days. ‘when the rinis heavy. Asa consequence, pots need to ‘be caretul just batore ine monsocn, 09 ‘As a result of the warm Atlantic winds, the temperature remains quite high, Aircraft usually depart on the south-west heading due to prevailing south-westerly winds ‘The airport operator has just resurfaced the runway, and bbocatse ol this sometimes there can be standing water This leads to quite long delays as aircralt have to enter holding patterns, Itcan therefore be difficult to predict the heavy rains, ‘and flooding can heppen at any tine. ‘As a consequence, pilots need to be careful just before the monsoon. 8 e ir rattle ATC shift supervisor, ATC 1/2 controllers 1/2 ASS OK everyone. We've got a severe weather atc ASS are 2 arc aTo1 ass 12 {ont corning at us on tonights shift, We have a big storm coming in from the north with strong westerly winds and gales, hail and heavy snow. All of the canto! posttione are going to be affected, Sorry sit, | didn’t catch the word before ‘control positions’ did you say all of the control positions? Is i thai bac? \'m afraid so — its gong to be a busy evening, ‘especially for those working the approach position. Lots of aircraft will wart to land or divert before the snow starts, Excuse mo, | couldn't hear that last bit. We've got some heavy snow approaching and we'll have to get incoming aireraft down quickly ‘orholp them to divert. | hope its going to get easier as the trelfic volume decreases during the night. For tower, the night and morning shifts are going to be easier Sorry, sir~ What dic you say after ‘moming shift? We going to be easier, because traffic Is not going to move at the airpor unt tomorrow afternoon. The upper airspace is going to be very quiet over the nest ‘2 hours as many flights are grounded, 1'm sorry sit. What was the frst part of the sentence? ‘To repeat ~ the upper airspace 's going to be ‘quiet during the next 12 hours because many flighte will be grounded. For eastbound aircraft, It's not going to be easy tlying into Bristol today, so well have to work hard to get this trafic co-orcinated. Now, any mote questions? No? ‘Then good luck everyone. | didnt catch the word before ‘contro! postions’ {couldnt hear that last bit. ‘What did you say after morning shit’? What was the first part of he sentence? E = E823, C = controller, PF = pilot flying, PNF = pilot non-fiying E Shenion tower. ES23. We're ready for departure bbut we can see lighting out to the right. Can Wwe ... er... wait here until the weather passes? S23 S23. Afi, Hold short of runway. Stand by. Holding short of runway. S23, LISTENING SCRIPT | 121Bor © Quickai 638. Tower and departing aircraft observe increasing rain and lightning south-wost ofthe fil, ‘Amend your atitude ... maintain 2,000, PNF Maintaining 2,000. Quickair 638 PF That's tho edgo of the storm to the loft of the alfport. Can we get a report on the weather? 'd appreciate a PIREP from the company traffic in front of us, Quickar 638. © Quickair 638, Roger. Stand by, Quickair 638, Company 737 just exited the runway, sit. He said ‘smooth rida! PF Say again, Quickair 638. © Quickair 638. Company 737 said ‘smooth ride! PF Roger, smooth landing cenditions. Thank you. Quickair 638. PNE © Quickair 638. Cleared to and runway 27R, Surface wind 270° at 19 kt. Visibity 700 ft and decreasing, Roger, cleared runway 27R. Wind 270° at 19 Kt. sibility 700 ft and decreasing. Quickarr 638, © Quickair 638. Wind row 250? at 21 Kt PNF 250° at 21 ht. Quickair 636. © Quickair 638. Thats wind 250 at 23 Kt, PNF 250° at 23 kt. Quickair 633 PNF © Attention all airerat. Runway 27 arrival Microburst alert. Be on the alert for wind shear. 35 kt loss one mile final. Quickair 638. Threshold wind now 250? at 24 kt. Walch out for any microburst activity. Be carelul on snort tinal PF Roger, wind speed now 24 kt. Looking out for ‘microburst activity, Thank you. Quickair 698, PNF Thats -10 kt. Watch out! We're losing speed! PF OK. were-20 ht. This wird shear is going o prevent Us from landing, Lets take it round tothe right. PNF Wind snear recovery protile. Maximum power, Nose up. Flaps and gear as they are. PF Maximum power, nose up, positive climb. e415 short visual watch roger e168 ‘approach edge measure switch threshold ‘emergency usual shear 122 | LISTENING scRIPT Unit 9 e17 Ve wore asked to pick upa VIP from a field by a large house, and take him to a Royal Navy ship for the day. “There were clear blue skies when we let, and we landed by the house, shut down and got cut, ready to ‘mest Prince Charles, After bviefing him an the aircraft ‘nd safety, ve strapped him in and started up. Once ‘we were airbome, we called up the ship which was only bout five miles away We went over the top of the cls ready to let down, and sudderiy all we could see was thick white fog, The best way to get onto a ship when the weather is not too good isto get the ships radar to {Quide you in. So we went into the fog it was about 600 ft ‘above sea level. Threa-quarters of a mile trom the ship, at around ...oh .. 275 ft, the ship suddenly radioed and said We've lost you on ada. Continue visually’. Well, Its dificult to continue visualy through fog so | decided that .. er... we would go around, the ship. While we waited for them to clear us to come back round, | ‘spoke to the prince, who has flown in the navy, and | explained what the options were, One option was to let down early to get down below the fog to about 100 ft, which is low enough to be a bit risky | felt a bit worried because the stuation was not routine, but anyhow that's the option we took. When vie reached about 150 ft, [could just make out the outing of the ship bout hall a mile away. So | lat down a tito bit more, came out from under the fog, and | landed safely. The Prince got out, thanked me very much for some very {900d flying and went off for his day on board the ship, @ 18 aircraft asked safety options ‘oxplainod nick white fog the ship's radar some vory good flying @ 19 reverse thrust available slots thiek smoke climb vertically dump fue! damaged struts@ 20 P = pilot, C= controller P-_PANPAN, PAN PAN, PAN PAN. Imhaving problems with my landing gear. Mecair 319. © Macair319. Roger distress call, What isthe probiem with your gear? P I canit see a greon light for my nose goar. We folt and heard it extend, but there's no light. Request low pass for visual inspection. Macait 319, © Macair319, Cleared low pass runway 09. Surface wind 010 at 10 t, Not below 500 ft. OFE 1006. Report final P Cleared low pass runway 09, Surface wind 190 at 10 kt Not below 500 t. QFE 1008. Macair 319. © Macair319. The nose gear appears down but ea ['m sorty. The nose wheel isin position? Is that correct? Maccir 319, © Macair319, Negative, that's incorrect. The nose wheel appears down but i's a! a 90° angle | understand the nose gear is down but stuck at 90°. Macair 319. © Macair319. Aim. That's right. On runway heading, climb to altitude 2,000 ft. P FL20, runway heading. Can we citcle the aerodrome? Macair 319 © Macair319. Cleared to circle the aerodrome .. @ 22 P = pilot, C= controller PASO, Arborne. © AGO. It anpears yourmain geer hasnt retracted. P Roger, my main gear has retracted. Thank you si. 30, © AZO. Negative. You haven't understood. Your main ‘gearis not retracted. tis stil visible. P OK, Our main gear is Stuck... er... OK A30, © ASO. Say in‘entions. P Er... We're trying 1 figure cut the problem. Stand by sir. A30. © ASO. Siandina by. @ 23 C = controller, P1/2 = pilot 1/2 © S62. You are seven miles out on long final. How is your landing gear? PI We've tried winding down the gear manually but i's stuck about hallway out. S62. © $62. State intentions, P1_ We don'thave much fuel. We're going fo land this time $52. © S62, Use runway 34R. There is smooth ground on each sice of the runway and you have a lot of Pr @ 24 P2 c Pt c space. Crash, fire and rescue services have been activated. Runway 342. | have the field in signt sit. $62. ‘Tower, this Fastair 350 on 3-mile final. The apron isto the right of runway 348, Do you mean 34L for the bely-anding for traffic behind me? Fastair 350, Affirm. Thenk you. Break, S62. Use 3.4L. say again, runway 34, Runway 341. We've wound the gear back up so we will have a smooth belly-lancing. S62. ‘$62. Roger. Smooth bally-anding, Unit 10 @ 25 RP radio presenter, B Bob Pearson, JH = John Haskins, HC = Helen Clitheroe RP BP RP, JH RP He RP If Bocing 767 rune out of ud, what do you have? A 12:0n glider And net’ exactly what nappened 10 Air Canada Fight 148, which was en route fom Ottawa to Edmorton,enising at 41.000, when the fist warieg lgntcame on, Captain Bob Pearson reals. We thought we had a flled fuel pump in the left swing, and switched it off. Our FMC showed more than enough fuel remaining for te duration of he flight. We had no incication of a fuel shortage. But when a second fuel-presoure warning light ‘came on, Pearson decided to dvert to Winnipeg, They began descending, but the fuel flow stopped ‘completely and thoy loat oeth engines du to fuel starvation, The $40 milion Boeing 767 became a glider, and the pilots were lft wih only a radio, basic inetrumerts and limited contro). The crew ‘soon reaiized they couldn't make it to Winnipeg They chose a disused Ar Force base at Giml, not knowing that it was being used ‘ora famiy ca racing day. Jonn Haskins was on the ground. Itjust came out of nowhere, almost siertly. You ‘could just hearths ‘Whoosh’ sound, and you looked around and there was. It was coming in at ihis reall strange angle, and we thougit. its going to crash’. But then it larded. twas ineredile. Helen Citheroe was one of the event organizers. J only saw it when | heard the bang ofthe tyres bursting and the nose smashing down on the runway, and all hese sperks. When i stopped, ‘we just picked up seme extinguishers and tied to fight the fe, and hep allthe passengers of. The only injures were o passengers using emergency sides. The question o! how a passenger jot wth a fuel capacity of over 90,000 lies runs out of fuel remains for investgators LISTENING SCRIPT | 123@ 26 RP initial reports incicate problems with the fuel system. It seems that the cockpit fuel gauges were inoperative. inthis situation, aifer the fuel noses are removed, the fuel load is checked by hand, like when you chock the oil in your cer. The fuel measurement was then converted from volume to weight. The problem was that the calculation ‘was done in pounds, but the now Booing 767 is a metric machine, And so the system thought ihe data was in kiograms, not in pounds. The aircratt had just half the roquired fual for the journoy, end the crew had no idea. eo PNF = pilotnon-tlying, C= control, PF = pilot flying, FA = flight attendant © Polar 69. Roger. Report turning final, runway 29, Wind 320 at 10k PNF Repost turning final, runway 29. Wind 320 at 10 Mt. Polar 69, PF Number one doesnt sound good. We're not runing short of fuel, are we? We should have plenty of fuel PNF Viaive got fut... but fuel flow should be much highe.. Torque pressure is meant to be at 100, not 40, PF That's engine number one gone. Feather the engine. PNF Its feathered PF Tellthem we've got one engine shut down PNF PAN PAN, PAN PAN, PAN PAN, Bodo Tower, Polar 69. We've lost one engine ... er... we're turning final at this time. PF |.amell emoko! We're losing the other one. Contact tower and ‘el them to get the fre irucks cut PNF Towor, Polar 69 requost fro, crash, ;oscue services, © Polar 63. Roger. I'l activate fire, crash, rescue, Say your fuel and persons on board. PNF Polar 69, Roger. We've got two crew and 120 passengers. | don't know about uel. We've got a fuel problem. Can we get the ether engine going? We're not going to make it. well have to land con the river PNF Tower, weve lost both engines. We're on frnal here fo the rver. Pola 68. You want the gear up? PF Yeah put up. We don't wart it to catch on the ice, We've got smoke. Shut down number two. PNF Pul both extinguishers? 126 | LISTENING SCRIPT chs copie PF Firo bottles Toner, this is Polar 69. We're down on the ice, nobedy’s hurt. We had a fuel flow problem and ‘we lost power on the engines and couldn’ get to the runway. We're on fire over here though ainees T1_ Ok everyone, let's begin the workshop by looking ai the causes of decompression. Now, have any of you here ever had any decompression-related incidents? TR. €F .. welllast year a fight of ours was delayed by four hours due to a cracked windshield. Itwas. tiny crack, very dificul to eee, but the captain Fefused to lly unt maintenance replaced the windshield, TOK. itecunds like you guys did the right thing. ‘Now, ets think about other possible causes of decompression. Any ideas? 72 Bird eke, Th Yes, 3 Failing to lock a door. Th OK TA Meal faiigue. TI Good. Here Ive got photographs of some real Incidents. Can you pass the photographs around, please? Fist, here's a DC10 in June 1972, whose rear cargo door blew out due to a faulty lock. Rapid depressurization occurred when the door tore away a spoler and smashed into the taliplane. OK, this one shows a famous incident ot explosive decompression. this time with a Boeing 737 in Apri 1988. The arcralt had corrosion, and aiso serious metal fatigue. Almost 35 m* of metal tore away from the upper part of the fuselage, ‘cutting off the electrics, all communication linos ‘and oxygen supply. You can see nere that the lower part of the airrame buckled and the nose ropped down by one moire. Uniortunately, one Iie was lost when a member of the cabin crew was sucked from the aircraft on decompression. Luckily, the nose gear locked down on landing.® 30 Inthe picture you see here, a bird strike caused serious darrage to a Boeing 767 in 2001 at flight level one-two- 2e10. A tlock of birds dented the aircraft nose, fuselage and wing leading edges, and punctured the aircraft ‘skin eleven times, One of the bids broke through into the cockpit and smashed the captain’ instrument panel. Incidents like these can be fatal, but hare the ‘captain wasn't injured, and the crew managed to land safely, Fortunately, explosive decompressions lke these examples are very rare, but cabin crew and fight crew must be aware of the dangers. These incidents Show that rapid decompress is very aifferent to the Controlled enviroment of a cabin simulator. @ 3 now take real series photographs here rear cargo out flight away tailplane depressurization arcrat safely only minor @ 22 P=pilot, C = controller, FA= flight attendant P__ MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY. Centre. Kite 63. Making an emergency descent Calling station. Say again. Say again. This is Kite 63.1 say again, Kite 63makng en emargency descent, Kite 63. Cleared to FL 100. Centre ... 63 Kite €3. You're breaking up. Say again We had a rapid decompression, We are just west ‘of ne PAYAM YOR, passing FL 240. Kite 63, kite 63. Understand you are depressurized. You ‘are cleared to FL 100. | say again. Descend to FL 100. Report reaching, ovo v0 ° z 20 grgvove v ° ge vpupy FA FA FA FL 100. Kite 63, Genire this is Kite 63 level at 10,000. Recuest immediate landing Kite 62, | cant hear you sir. Loud background noise Cenire this is Kte 63 level at 10,000. Request immediate landing. Kite 63, Read you 5. Squawk 7700. 7700. Kite 63. | understand you have lost cabin pressure. You ave 40 miles from the field at your 11 dclock, tur elt heacing 070° altmeter 1002. Say intantions The cepiain is unconscious. Request immediate landing and medical services. Kite 63. Kite 63. Roger, straight in approach and landing runway 07. Wind 160 at 11 kt. Straght in approach and landing runway 07. Wind 160 at 11 Kite 63. Do you have any aircraft damage? Stand by, Kite 68. Standing by You OK? Yes. Its diticut to hear you Have we got ary damage back there? { can't see unless | get out of my seat Er... yes, e leading edges are badly dented, ‘and the engine init cows. | couldnt see any further back. Ae we going to be OK? Yes, we'll be fine. s anyone injured? Yes, two were injured when they fal fom their seals inthe turbulence. What happened? Hailstorm. How long is it going to take to land? It take about 15 minutes. £50 minutes might be to0 tong ‘Not 50 minutes 15 minutes ‘An, OK. One passenger is bloeding badly. Weve {gol 10 get help soon, otherwise he might not make it Sorry? Say again It we dontt get fo a doctor soon, he may not survive, ‘Well got him to a doctor as soon as wo can. Well have an ambulance waiting for us OK. thanks. Corto, Kio 63, Wle had a hailstorm that lasted about... er... fen Seconds. The lft side of the windshield has smasted, the rant side i cracked, we have damage te our wings and maybe the tal, butthe aircraft feels OK. Ve've got at least two serious juris. Kite 63 LISTENING SCRIPT | 125ISTENING SCRIPT @ 3 1 He's talking about outbound fights, not inbound, 2 Good? Itwas excellent! 3. You said the fight would leave at hall.past seven, not hall-past nine. 4. No, my first flight this week is Tuesday evening, not Tuesday afternoon. 5 Fly faster. Not slower. @ 34 1 I can’t see uniess | get out of my seat 2 We've got to get help soon. otherwise he might no! make it 3 If we dorit get to @ doctor soon, he may not survive. Unit 12 35 P =Presenter, KK = security expert Pp (On tho subject of airport security, eocurity export Kalle Kaub is here to tak us through recent developments in airport security techniques. Kalle. Why a now technique? Ki The strategy for airport security has been almost ‘completely technolocical. We have technologies such as baggage-scroening equipment and ‘explosive detection systems, but technology alone is not enough. We need to look for malicious intentions, and these have to be identifiad using other techniques What are these techniques? KK. We are using ‘behavioural profiling’ or 'scrocning’ which basically means that we look ai passenger behaviour. When someone is about to commit a crime oF a terrorist act, the siroas affects thelr betvaviout. And this Siress behaviour Is extremely Jificult to hide o* contol So what behaviour are you looking for? KK We're looking for any physical signs thet could show that someone is nervous or angry — signs that they might be planning a eriminal act. These include avoiding eye conlact and small movements of the ips, eyebrows and nase. Common bedy signs that indicate aggressive behaviour include the head moving forward, stepping forward on the left leg, and a hand position with the palms down. Rises in the ‘yolume and pitch of the voice may also show thet someone is agitated. f people show just one sign of stress, they are probably not a threat But if you ‘observe multiple signs, then you can assume that they must have something to hide 126 | LISTENING SCRIPT P And how do you use these techniques? KK We havea team of officers monitoring the arport torminal area. If thoy dotoct bohaviour that indicates a person ray be a threat to security co the safety of a fight, they attempt io engage in casual conversation with that person. They try to make friendly eye-contact and ask simple avestions to see if they react normally. P- Suraly friendly corversations can't bo enough to indicate i a passenger is a criminal? KK. Of course these questions can't determine if a passenger has eriminal intentions, but they might indicate suspicious behaviour. The imporiant thing is that i an officer feels unhappy they can send the paseenge: to secondary screening, including aa body search, a physical inspection o carry-on baggage, or even police questioning, P Do these techniques work? KK Using behaviour detection we have a people on charges of drug possession and irmigration violations and we've alsa seen a reduction in alcohol-related incidents in airport terminals and at the gates. The good thing is that training is simple, the technique requires no addtional specialized equipment, and it presen's yet one more layer in the security system. sted 36 detection possesion suspicion 37 aviation conversation immigration inspection Intentions reduction violations 38 PHF pilot non-fiying, PF = pilot flying, T=Tokyo ‘Area Control Centre, |= Inchon Area Control Centre PNF Whats going on? PF It sounds like someone trying to get in. Can you look on the video? PNF OK... |can seehim. The fight attendants are struggling to restrain a passenger. Oh ... hes hit ‘one of the attendants. PF OK, nolify Centre, PNF Centre, We might have a problem here. Siand by. Interlight 547,PNE FA PNE FA PNF FA PNF PF 39 PNE Interfight 547. Standing by. It looks like they've forced him to the ground and {got the cuffs on him. We've a problem back here with a violent passenger. We've restrained him, but he's stil struggling. Is he drunk? | dont think so, but he’s very agitated and abusive. He said we were in danger and he had to fy the plane. It must be a mental heath problem, | anyone hurt? No, we'te OK. What do you want us to do with him? Secure him, away trom the other passengers if ‘you can, Get someone fo stay with him until we land, Right, contact ATC and tell them that we've got an unruly passenger. Request a diversion to nearest suitable airfield, Have medical and secuty there to meet us. Cente, Inerlight 547. A passenger nas attempted to entar the fight deck. Hes also attacked the cabin crow. There ae injurios. We have restrained him but we need to get him off the piane as soon as possible, =p= Intertight $47. Understand you have en uniawful interference. Please say fuel and persons en boa. Er... 178 persons and four hours of fuel remaining. Can we descend to the nearest availablo acradromo? Well need medical and security services ready. Interfight $47. Interlight 547. You are approacting Korean airspace. Contact Inchon Conirol on 123.6. advise them of your situation and pass on your request Hello, this fe Tokyo Aroa Control Centre hero. We have a problem 8 757-200, intertight 547, (G585 westbound towards SAPRA at FL.340, quawking 1243. We expect itn your airspace at approximately 47, OK, a 757 squawkina 1243. What's the problem? We had a report from the flight crew. They sad a passenger had attempted to enter the flight deck. The frst officer said that crew had restrained him, but boliaved he was stil a trea. Roger, are there any injured persons? The crew told me there were injuries, but they didnt give details, Did they state intentions? They asked i they could descend to the nearest aerodrome, and they said they'd need medical and security services ready. Thank you. Leave it with us, LISTENING SCRIPT 127Mecritan Eeation Betneor Towne Road, Onions OKA 3PP ‘divien f Nocmian Publichrs Litas Cemparies art ropresantatves thoughout the worl isano7eo200.027658 Test © Herry Emery ard Anoy Roberts 2008 ‘Design and Mustain © Maclan Publishers Liited 2008 Fist pubsnea 2008 ‘Ags reserved no pan ots putcation may be reruduce, tredin a reveva sytem, tranomiedin any fem oF by ary means, econ nectar. plocapyng, fecetsNg rotreris,wihou the gor won pormioien othe publanor Design by Designs Collective Iustated by Aletar Bg chard Ducke, Peer Hamper, Ban Hasler Graham Vinee CCouer dosign by Keth Shaw, Teosotd Design Lis Cover pootgrapns proved by Alay and Avalon Images ‘Authors’ ackrowledgements ‘reve ate mary pls, conto. viation specialists andtanguage teachers oun wall wo have controutd dioety anc eect to the raking of Avion Engi ‘owhom we ave tanks However we woul kD give spoda ras toe flow [ope wow whom we qute sp WouldM have a Book Roger Mayer, 127 Caplan Sra istucor Gheorghe Srpotean-Comsa, Ar Tate Con Officer Bucharest Ave {Gentt Cente, Crap Gnanak, Sener Ae afc Conall, Dangkck Aen Corl Cente; ‘Bernd Hecnenoggor i! Ofcer on 530 Genes and Fight hebuctor Peake Sati, ang pect, Ar aie Cott The Nathorande WNL} Wo are oxxomely grat to them to: tairprolersiondl orparie, hard wore, garereus eippat wiingness to anew Semple ‘aestions ancl commitment 0 te Alain Engh project We a reve in your debt Nesctoss ty. ary eo nat coi in Ava Engh st 88, 4 has The authors would als lie to thark the lowing people for ek hap ad advice: Federico ‘Grespo Aine Capan Statbok Armed Tower Contre, David PoborsFrofgter, Dr Advan Rerou, Carman Mihai Arta Conte, Toy TapnWelcopter pot. Henry would keto hank: Sian, ry partner in isch. or dealing so gaciusy wih a ‘Geerpy an sel Coned basband or 1Bemas, AS wih every, | won be where tam ne net As aways, Taso Ike otharkny rower, Bree, andy sso, Suzie, andy Wands whe renin aaneoss you know wh you ae ‘Andy wad ie to Wane Megan, Rhiannon and Nada. No pinooes this ime but we do havo SS rnce My mone Eloen for to sonetant encouragement, and my vile Asa Yu Wang for her eemal support and patience, ‘They would both he to ackrowacoe the hard werk of ale Macmilan to put inthe tine and

You might also like

• The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life

  

  From Everand

  The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life

  Mark Manson

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (5819)
• The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are

  

  From Everand

  The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are

  Brene Brown

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1092)
• Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It

  

  From Everand

  Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It

  Chris Voss

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (845)
• • Magazines
  • Podcasts
  • Sheet music
• Principles: Life and Work

  

  From Everand

  Principles: Life and Work

  Ray Dalio

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (609)
• The Glass Castle: A Memoir

  

  From Everand

  The Glass Castle: A Memoir

  Jeannette Walls

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (1717)
• Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

  

  From Everand

  Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

  Angela Duckworth

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (590)
• Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

  Jesmyn Ward

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1104)
• Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race

  

  From Everand

  Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race

  Margot Lee Shetterly

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (897)
• Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike

  

  From Everand

  Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike

  Phil Knight

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (540)
• The Perks of Being a Wallflower

  

  From Everand

  The Perks of Being a Wallflower

  Stephen Chbosky

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (2104)
• The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers

  

  From Everand

  The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers

  Ben Horowitz

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (348)
• Bad Feminist: Essays

  

  From Everand

  Bad Feminist: Essays

  Roxane Gay

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1018)
• Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

  

  From Everand

  Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

  Ashlee Vance

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (474)
• Her Body and Other Parties: Stories

  

  From Everand

  Her Body and Other Parties: Stories

  Carmen Maria Machado

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (822)
• The Outsider: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Outsider: A Novel

  Stephen King

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1866)
• The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer

  

  From Everand

  The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer

  Siddhartha Mukherjee

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (271)
• The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)

  

  From Everand

  The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)

  Viet Thanh Nguyen

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (122)
• Angela's Ashes: A Memoir

  

  From Everand

  Angela's Ashes: A Memoir

  Frank McCourt

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (441)
• Brooklyn: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Brooklyn: A Novel

  Colm Toibin

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (1947)
• The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living

  

  From Everand

  The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living

  Meik Wiking

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (401)
• A Man Called Ove: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  A Man Called Ove: A Novel

  Fredrik Backman

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (4770)
• Steve Jobs

  

  From Everand

  Steve Jobs

  Walter Isaacson

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (808)
• The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century

  

  From Everand

  The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century

  Thomas L. Friedman

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (2259)
• The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)

  

  From Everand

  The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)

  Sarah M. Broom

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (98)
• Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

  

  From Everand

  Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

  Gilbert King

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (266)
• The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel

  Garth Stein

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (4208)
• A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

  

  From Everand

  A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

  Betty Smith

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (1929)
• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

  

  From Everand

  Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

  Doris Kearns Goodwin

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (234)
• Yes Please

  

  From Everand

  Yes Please

  Amy Poehler

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1902)
• A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story

  

  From Everand

  A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story

  Dave Eggers

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (231)
• The Woman in Cabin 10

  

  From Everand

  The Woman in Cabin 10

  Ruth Ware

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (2522)
• Fear: Trump in the White House

  

  From Everand

  Fear: Trump in the White House

  Bob Woodward

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (738)
• Wolf Hall: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Wolf Hall: A Novel

  Hilary Mantel

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (3811)
• John Adams

  

  From Everand

  John Adams

  David McCullough

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (2409)
• English For Aircraft Tome 2 System Maintenance

  

  Document246 pages

  English For Aircraft Tome 2 System Maintenance

  ancholin67

  67% (12)
• On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal

  

  From Everand

  On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal

  Naomi Klein

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (74)
• The Light Between Oceans: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Light Between Oceans: A Novel

  M.L. Stedman

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (789)
• Manhattan Beach: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Manhattan Beach: A Novel

  Jennifer Egan

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (792)
• The Constant Gardener: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Constant Gardener: A Novel

  John le Carré

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (104)
• Mas 1

  

  Document18 pages

  Mas 1

  dido83

  0% (1)
• Aviation English Teachers Book

  

  Document129 pages

  Aviation English Teachers Book

  ancholin67

  0% (1)
• The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America

  

  From Everand

  The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America

  George Packer

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (45)
• The Book That No One Wanted To Read by Richard Ayoade Press Release

  

  Document2 pages

  The Book That No One Wanted To Read by Richard Ayoade Press Release

  Candlewick Press

  0% (1)
• JAA ATPL BOOK 13 - Oxford Aviation Jeppesen - Principles of Flight

  

  Document537 pages

  JAA ATPL BOOK 13 - Oxford Aviation Jeppesen - Principles of Flight

  Reddy Sai

  89% (37)
• Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore

  

  From Everand

  Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore

  Jay Sekulow

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (137)
• Little Women

  

  From Everand

  Little Women

  Louisa May Alcott

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (104)
• Entertainment and The Arts

  

  Document5 pages

  Entertainment and The Arts

  Anna3991

  No ratings yet
• Jeppesen 021 01 Airframes & Systems

  

  Document506 pages

  Jeppesen 021 01 Airframes & Systems

  Sadcat

  100% (16)
• Síntesis Analisis Biblico

  

  Document5 pages

  Síntesis Analisis Biblico

  Gladiador_2050

  100% (1)
• A Guide For A Shortened Reading of The Urantia Book Chapter 3

  

  Document10 pages

  A Guide For A Shortened Reading of The Urantia Book Chapter 3

  itseminary

  No ratings yet
• The Walker Brothers 01 - Release! - J. S. Scott

  

  Document155 pages

  The Walker Brothers 01 - Release! - J. S. Scott

  Norian Vasquez

  86% (7)
• The Tin Drum by Günter Grass - Discussion Questions

  

  Document11 pages

  The Tin Drum by Günter Grass - Discussion Questions

  Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

  No ratings yet
• Macmillan

  

  Document1 page

  Macmillan

  antonn85

  No ratings yet
• Jim Berg Tradingplantemplate PDF

  

  Document126 pages

  Jim Berg Tradingplantemplate PDF

  Alvin

  100% (1)
• Literature: Circle Roles

  

  Document14 pages

  Literature: Circle Roles

  api-264798562

  No ratings yet
• Die Brüder Grimm

  

  Document2 pages

  Die Brüder Grimm

  Jorge Avalos

  No ratings yet
• Grammar Summary B1

  

  Document6 pages

  Grammar Summary B1

  Jeysson Styd Prado Enciso

  No ratings yet
• Diario de Lectura-Un Viaje Por Emprender

  

  Document13 pages

  Diario de Lectura-Un Viaje Por Emprender

  sara

  No ratings yet
• Chinglish Bible in Chinese Characters

  

  Document3 pages

  Chinglish Bible in Chinese Characters

  samsamrogers

  No ratings yet
• Low-Stakes Writing The Watsons Go To Birmingham

  

  Document2 pages

  Low-Stakes Writing The Watsons Go To Birmingham

  api-253911034

  No ratings yet
• Leccion 1

  

  Document11 pages

  Leccion 1

  Gustavo Queteimporta

  No ratings yet
• O Discípulo e A Volta de Jesus

  

  Document16 pages

  O Discípulo e A Volta de Jesus

  jose

  No ratings yet
• Oliver - Genie Warlock LVL 8

  

  Document3 pages

  Oliver - Genie Warlock LVL 8

  Enzo Sekito

  No ratings yet
• El Lenguaje: Eso Que Nos Hace Humanos: Language: What Makes Us Humans

  

  Document3 pages

  El Lenguaje: Eso Que Nos Hace Humanos: Language: What Makes Us Humans

  Ailín Marval

  No ratings yet
• Ed390651 PDF

  

  Document225 pages

  Ed390651 PDF

  peterjo ravelo

  No ratings yet
• El Velo

  

  Document21 pages

  El Velo

  Jona Arce

  No ratings yet
• Sumit Kumar Mandal - Becoming Arab - Creole Histories and Modern Identity in The Malay World-Cambridge University Press (2018)

  

  Document298 pages

  Sumit Kumar Mandal - Becoming Arab - Creole Histories and Modern Identity in The Malay World-Cambridge University Press (2018)

  Kamran Asat Irsyady

  No ratings yet
• Review Writing: Writing PART - 2 (Word Limit-220-260)

  

  Document13 pages

  Review Writing: Writing PART - 2 (Word Limit-220-260)

  SmithaAjith

  No ratings yet
• 2 Past-Progressive

  

  Document4 pages

  2 Past-Progressive

  Melissa YG

  0% (1)
• 4.los Meshalim PDF

  

  Document10 pages

  4.los Meshalim PDF

  yoscribd

  No ratings yet
• (Kyle Harper) Slavery in The Late Roman World, AD

  

  Document628 pages

  (Kyle Harper) Slavery in The Late Roman World, AD

  Jon Snow

  100% (17)
• El Espiritu Vrs La Carne

  

  Document7 pages

  El Espiritu Vrs La Carne

  Marco Santiago

  No ratings yet
• Com 6° - Ficha

  

  Document3 pages

  Com 6° - Ficha

  ELIZABETH SALAZAR VALENTIN

  No ratings yet
• Hound of The Baskervillas

  

  Document31 pages

  Hound of The Baskervillas

  yash jain

  No ratings yet
• Bitacora

  

  Document6 pages

  Bitacora

  Daniel R. Gil

  No ratings yet