FatMan Analog MIDI Synth Model 9308 ‘Assembly and Using Manual Its hard to best analog eth for fa, punchy Bass ines. And for ‘discovering new sounds, nothing comes closet fal Kxcbs operating in rea tinge The Fata has a of the features that give analog swarm ful tne in ' MIDI contlles package. ‘The classic normalization scheme of tin VCO! VCENCA. and Dual Transient Generators is brought up o date wih the incision of Velocity CV not avazabe on pre-MID synths. FatMlan loss tom the past by including features that were eccentes of caste synthe such 98 a uque"pure switch that acs 2 subtle but useful ‘th eogment to the standard ADSR response Dotails specific to the installation of the Fathtan ‘rcult board inthe $08C Desk Top enclosure are ‘covered inthe 8308C Supplement. Follow the ‘assembly Instructions in this manual unt instructed to reference the 9308C Supplement. 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Power Rest RINT e006) 3. SPSTPaneMour TogjeSwithes "3150/4 4 fasten, Pret ‘Or (rete Wat Mure Tran 1 rane crs x 1 enicéoae 1 opie soe 2 ac 2 EO ue mactine Sows 4 40% 12" Mace Screw {tema Wener 1, Nyoncabecime 4a: Breve Smal inset Saeveg Se $22 ines, anand wr (400, 98 lrg) i ars mated * mount one fot pare! Designatone REO, RS RE ae not al {2000 PAK Eeonic, ne Fa se copy was rac om ‘ral giocoFetManDesignand Tuning Analysis, ‘As shown in fa, the schema ofthe aga orouley. Featan's brain isan 8081 MiroCantoier Fie ware forthe systom is burned ito the EPROM (C3) Wien fe attached fo the uP adress and data lines wit the Oat Laton C2 The DIP ewton $2 connect fo five ot the uP’ Input port ines. Four of he swichos nts package aroused to select MIDI Casnnel andthe fit fan unused input fo the processor. The receive (FD ne of C1 receives MIDI Data fom the mandatory oploceupie”1CB whien oats tha grouns'ot the MID! aencing dove rom FatMarts ground. The, ‘output ofthe optocoupe i alse bufered by 2 pa of Inverter tages IGT’ & a) wich ve te MD! Tr. ‘output J2. A ted Inverter stago, CT, aves the LED 02 {o gve an inleaton of MIDI acy on the input J DAG TUNING FaWan’s VCOs ar near in the way the frequencies fespond te Gort! Vatage changes. This means thet {ve must change exponentially Yo produce proper Biches. For example, to produce a pth an octave above the present pen the CV must dtl: fr an ectava lower the wotage most bo haved. Linear Digital to Analog Converters ae general no Good at generating These ‘unas of votagemerementa cous the OAG fs scaled to produce the largest volage necessary. a couple of ‘ediaves lower youre sealing with semitone volags changes that are mucr smaller than te rsoluon ofthe toast Sieniican ae Felon gets around tis problem by having the DAC (ics) ‘be responsible fr onl a single octaves worth ofthe CV. in teciak, the voliages for 12 equal tempered pitches ‘ae sparsely mapped along an exponential curve nthe 2seapace of thet OAC. Octave changes ae handled by the ranging network consisting of @ 14 Multiplexer (G3) tat selects one of our taps on the votiage der sting R17-R26. These component valves reduce a ‘tage at esc tap thats the votage of the tap above, (on the digital se of things, the DAC is gued tothe uP ata Ines with te octal latch IGS. The ranging MUX tonvoled by the processors TO and Tt tos. These Signals ae lovlshited to BV by discrete wansistore Q1 and 2. Im normal operation the votage generated bythe DAC an be though of as gong tom © down to CX, with ‘clave ranging changes happening between C¥ and the Cimmedatay blow t. So nat he masmum output range ofthe DAG can be Used (or maximum err of less than one cent the DAG ranged io produce 2 voltage ‘fom a nominal 3VforC(FFh ino the DAC) down toa nominal 177V for C8 (OEh ino the DAC). The 3V offset Irvosuesa by th current tow tough R12 and Ri causes the voltage Fom ho DACs aupul bur (in 7 of T10) ogo rom a neminal BV down toa nominal 3.177. Hut {2000 PAA Becton, Fair ose cy wih eros oy ‘onal ropes com Wats this 3.177V business? Wel, that isthe voltage {responding fo the octave beso BV (hich is SV) plus the voltage requred to prosuce the next semsione Up Sinco in equal tomparement each somone has 2 frequency 1,059 times the preceding semitone, ane Shee out Vollagelrequey response I incr, he nxt emitone above 3V ls 1-080 =3.177V (it you thinks Sei to read, ty explaning sore time) [Ate sop betwoen C8 andthe C below tthe DAC bulfor output returns o BV and te octave swiching atwork etches fo die ths in ha 0 the CV ta the VcOs becomos 3V, which 35 you now know isthe During calibration the output of the DAC as set by R13 is ‘acjusted o hath oxacy matches the offset vlige ‘fom 212 and RI, When these cncitons are mat, the ‘utp of te bor wil be some voltage Xn respons to fhemaxmum DAC oupat (FFh as dat) an exacty 2 ‘hen the DAC fs convouing no out a al (0h 35 ‘ata. Weve stated the ‘noma value of x a8 BV, which tay seam sor of sloppy (He actual vtage may be a5, Sow a6 V7) unl you real that t's the rato of 21 at Iaters and not the exact valve of he vetages. “The DAC must be tuned ave the octave from CO t0 C1 ‘oeause CO the only C that eauaes 00h tobe srt to {he DAC. In fvare, ths lowest CIs an exception fo the ‘rma ranging that happens Between C# and C. ‘once the DAC etna, the tar that st otave Intervals (R18, R24 and R24) re cuted so thal he Drciavee tree slurs bat rere Cabrean tMosalves o wih he tuning ofthe DAG so you usualy {ny hav ogo troogh hem onze or them to be rhe Sd the oroty i apa snd abe tey tnd Say ‘oh for 2 ong be In the final ealration sep, the two VCO are made identi! by acjsting the nro oft of VCO Bt so hat Irs tho samo as VCO #2. A subtely of the tuning process Is that tcomponsates fr any zoo offset in VCO #2 (wen means hat exacty zro vollage may nol produce fxacty 2076 Fequency, Weer than ft sounds). So as long ae VCO #1 i the same, everyting fe wondetul ‘The singe output ofthe DAC and Octave Range Steer f spit io Pitch and Velo CVS wih ho ample and hold rte but Using OpAmpe IC 2986, CMOS ewtehes ICT a8® and copactors CT and C8. System fmware cubs values fo the DAC and Range Switcher coresponcing tothe Pach CV then tums on ICt¥a to sample the voltage by charging capactor C7. GMa sen tumed of eae the votnge on C7. ‘The processor then repeats these actions fe to ‘Vtosty Cv turing on be saconé CMOS switch (011°) to charge CB The vllages onthe eapactors ar read ul by Bei corasponding OpAmp burs (C12 & >. ‘Comparators 108-280 prvi level vansiation ftom SV {o he higher votage noodes for he CMOS switches by \ying te open colector outputs tothe BV ral trough R29 and R20, ‘Leaving the bs an byte behing, we tum ou atlention FatMan MDI Synth 3(e2o00 PAA cron, ne, iY Alnetrreaa 4 FatMan MIDI Synth oaraothe anaiog sound gonerating and processing pat of Fatan shown 9 80. What would an anaog synth be without a GLIDE convo! to (9795 and tit for rely expressive portamonto? FatMan {ees the commen approach of chargng a capactor (C12) trough a variable resistor (R32) (18 butlers the ‘otage on the capacitor and eves the Master Pen onto Ra wich ls used fo arspose both osclatrs ‘ver Sighty mare tan an octave range, ‘The two VCOs are identical excpt for the Ost control (R40) which alowe the pch of VCO # to bo rloed and \owored an octave relative 0 VCO #2. VCO aio has 8 ‘imme at allows fs 20 intercept to be adjusted to match tat of VEO #2 “oking VCO #1 as being cherwise typical the Pich CV ves voltage to current converter (Wl) consisting of ICiOs tanestor G9 and Qt snd the associated fessors. The current output of his creat rom the Colectors ofthe (arises, charges capacitor C14 and produces 2 near voltage ramp which rad out by the Bue amp !C10:4. IC16 la 865 typ timer thal sonees ‘amen the vtlage ramp atthe ouput othe tu exooecs 2 threshold at which pont an ineral ransistor is tumed {nto srt out he capactor and quick discharge {hon the capacitor dlecharges to a lower treshod the ‘andlor sumed of ana ie capactor can nce again charge and repeat he ele. “Tho robul ofthis olay slow charging and quck decharging s a ramp (eawiocth) wavelorm and the intrest of simpy is tho ony osciltor wavetorh ‘valeble. A romp ls the mest harmonscaly ch of tho ‘common wavelome, having both fhe even harmonics of @ tangle and the oad harmonies of pulse. The tr can be used fo rack he pie ofthe oscars and recta armoncs inthe ramp leaving oly the fundamental sine Ptentometer RS, the Osc1/03c2 Nox onto, aows the WCF tobe dren by ether VCO! oc VEO2 ora maxotthe two. The VCF dossn is a State Varable Filer which has ben conigured to give.a low-pass response wih resonance, adjustale wih R114, tthe corer frquency. ‘The itor Bul round 17, an LMT3600 ype Dual Operational Transcondutance Ampliew (OTA) wih C20 and C21 as tho tuning capactrs Two conitlcumens for ating the gan of to two OTAS in (C17 aro produced by the Vl congsting of C13, OB, O9 and associated resistors. Four sopaate votages ave summed i st tho ‘omer eqvency af the iter: 9 sale volage thal sts the inital requency'eadustaie wih R73, Voonty CV fajustale by RES, Ptch CV adjustalo by RT", and fly the ouput of he fiter’s dedeatog vansiet ganortor fagjustale win RIS, ‘The fite’s AR vansiont generator works by charging C22 through R83 ane Rad fe the Altack orton of he oslo. fd achargng I tvough ROT and R82 forthe lease Section. Charging and discharging cures ae steered by 03 and D4 a8 i sched on and af by te TxD Ine tthe uP. Votage onthe capactors buffered by Ic1Zc Sand the comparator IoBie monitors the butlers vollage and switches the processors INT input when the peok ‘otge i reached. The frre’ response fo tis Is 12 ‘wich from Atfack to Release. Closing the Sustain switch ura ‘5 prevents his “peak reaches" signal rom geting bsck to the uP 29 thatthe Release parton of the cyte went happen un the Koy that iad the responsi released. The result io switch te ansint fom a ron Sustaining AR fo an Atak / Sustain / Relesse (ASR) response. Fatlon’s Votage Contoled Amplifr uses one OTA fom ICI, The main components ofthe Vi that contol ts ‘Sement are iC} Sse an 12 Ths voltage to creat “converters unika the thers in hat must be stale for {Zero contrlvotage (eo the VCA can tum ef comet). ‘asing D9 to he Sout clamps the oubut of C1Se and Roope kom gong negative and C24 previcesfeauency ‘Cormpensation or te high oop-gin state tat exist a ‘earaaro conta votages ‘The Atak/Decay/SustaivRelease (ADSA) transient ‘Generator dicted tothe VCA i iar to thefts ‘ACSI Unser contra ofa par of the uP's ulpt ines (P12. P19), capacter C19 charges and dscharges ‘hough steering todos D6-D8 at fates set by RUZ RO land ROS. The Suetan contol REO sats the vole vel {o whicn te Decay parton ofthe eyes fal 12a butters the voltage on the capacitor ang comparator ICB signals {he proceseor when the peak ofthe Atlack reached \ymen the Punch snitch $1 is closed the combination of (C38 and R98 ade 2 ‘sight dey (about 20 ms) between the time thatthe ADSR roaches is Aack peak and the tie that hs Ifoemation reaches tbo uP. Tho aus 3 tron Sustain terval hat ade punen to source wih fast ‘Atck and Decay syamics. When S1 is open, the ADSR. behaves in the ema achrlealy corel way. FIRMWARE ‘Te Fatlvan ferware is responsible for recognising MIDI Note On and Off messages and breaking them down into Note numer and Vlocy values. Note number is Checked for bang Into range of $6-84 and then con ‘voted ito oetave ranges by sivsin and he dala required to drive the OAC by look-up abe. ‘Te Velocty data rom Note On and OF messages ae Tandleg in mich the same way, excopt Wat te 00 127 ep range of is datas fest Sead orange from S88 Pitch Whee! messages are also supported, Inthe Fatian, Whee! gata modulates the Pc data before {get tothe DAC. This ls posse becavao ony 12 of he 356 posse vauee ofthe DAC are used fr pach andthe space between theee valves i avaliable fr modulation. ‘sia range of Fatans Poh Wheal == 8 somtona. Sine thre are no pcos avalablo above the highest © for boi the lowest, wes! data Te gnored on these Bones ‘Tha fmare ie slo responsible fr turing on an off the proper sample and old atthe propa be fo produce ich and Veloaty CVs. manages the A(SJR and ADSR transiont generators, turing on thee Atecx cya when 2 fate payed and managing Decay, Sustaln snd Release az appropiate for to status ofthe vanslent and fry Note OF messages wich may be rected. FatMan MIDI Synth 5(2000 PAW Becrones, ne. rare copy wh eros ly ‘eral rages som Fig Sb. The FatMan analog culty comporses two VCOs, lowpass VOF Wi AR Transient Generator, and VCA with ADSR Transient Gonerator FatMan MIDI Synth ora