2.

8 Reproductive System

The reproductive system plays an important role in the procreation of life.

The Male Reproductive System

The Female Reproductive System

Women experience a regular natural process called the menstrual cycle, or periods. An

average menstrual cycle lasts for about 28 to 30 days. The menstrual cycle is regulated

by the following hormones:

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) – produced by the pituitary gland and

helps the egg to mature and get ready for release

Luteinizing hormone (LH) – produced by the pituitary gland and

stimulates ovulation (release of an egg from the ovary)

Oestrogen – produced by the ovaries and thickens the endometrium

(lining of the womb)

Progesterone - maintains the endometrium in case fertilisation occurs

During mid-cycle, one of the menstrual cycles, the ovaries will release an egg. If the

egg is fertilised by a sperm, it will lodge into the womb (uterus) and will form a zygote.

The zygote (fertilised egg) then matures into a child.

If the egg remains unfertilised, the production of oestrogen and progesterone levels

decreases. This causes the uterus lining to break down and menstruation to occur.

Some women experience menstrual pains, or

dysmenorrhea. Some of the symptoms include:

• cramping pain the lower abdomen

• pain in the lower back and thighs

• nausea

• vomiting
• dizziness

These symptoms can be treated by home remedies and over-the-counter medication

but once the experiencing extreme pain, seeking the physician may be necessary.

Testosterone is the principal male sex hormone and plays a part in the development of

male sex organs and secondary male characteristics such as increase muscle and bone

mass.