Package 1 Lot 1A - Upper and Lower Dams Section 9 Specifìcation

Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Power Plant PI1이ect Part 2 Teclmical Spec，댄:cations

CHAPTER16
VENTILATION AND LIGHTING FOR
UNDERGROUND WORKS

I ~
-?‘
Package 1 Lot 1A - Upper and Lower Dams Sectìon 9 Speci떤cation
Upper Cìsokan Pumped Storage Power Plant Project Part 2 Technìcal Specificatìons

CHAPTER16
VENTILATION AND LIGHTING FOR
UNDERGROUND WORKS

Contents
월g효
TS-CHI6-
16. VENTILATION AND LIGHTING FOR UNDERGROUND WORKS …… •• 1
16. 1. General .....
16.1.1. Work Includ어 ............................................................................ 1
16.1.2. Related Work .............................................................................. 1
16. 1. 3. Codes and Standards.“……….“…….“….“…………
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16.3. 1. Ventilation in Dril1 Blast Dri\、ve않s.“……

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16.3.2. Ventilation in Machine Board Drive않s ……

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16 .4. Measurement and Payment.“…….“…….“…….“…….“…….“…….“…….…….••“…….“…….… “…….“…….“……….••….“……….“…….“………

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TS-CH16-i
--::::--
--t""
Package 1 Lot lA - Upperand Lower Dams Section 9 Specification
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Power Plant Project Part 2 Technical Specificatiolls

16. VENTILATION AND LIGHTING FOR

UNDERGROUND WORKS

16. 1. General

16. 1.1. Work Included

This Chapter covers the works for ventilation and li양ting for all underground works.

16. 1.2. Related Work

Chapter 05 - Underground Excavations

16. 1.3. Codes and Standards

BS 5501 Electrical apparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres. Specification for

intrinsically safe electrical systems.

16. 1.4. Quality Assurance

16. 1. 4. 1. Records

A written record of all readings regarding the air conditions in the underground works
shal1 be kept by the Contractor.

16.1.4.2. Ventilation Requirement

A. Ventilation Requirements for Work Ar ea

The Contractor shal1 instal1, operate and maintain a ventilation system in the
underground works to enable the Works to be constructed in healthy, well ventilated
conditions. Dust shal1 be abstracted at or adjacent to the source.
To minimize the dust hazard arising from drilling operations in rock excavations, all
holes shall be wet drilled unless otherwise approved. Water sprays or atomizers shal1 be
used to prevent dust rising during drilling and mucking operations including keeping
the floors ofhaulage ways damp.
The Contractor shall check at the face and elsewhere for concentrations of noxious or
other harmful gases or dust at least weekly and more regularly if necessary and when
called upon to do so by the Engineer. The concentrations shall not exceed the following
limits:

TS-CH16-1
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Package 1 Lot lA • Upper and Lower Dams Section 9 Specification
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Power Plant Project Part 2 TecJmical Spec댄cations

(1). Carbon dioxide 5,000 parts/mil1ion by volume.

(2). Carbon monoxide 50 parts/mi1lion by volume.

(3). Nitric oxide 25 parts/million by volume.

(4). Nitrogen dioxide 3 parts/mi1lion by volume.

(5). Hydrogen sulphide 10 p없ts/mi1lion by volume.

The above values shall relate to average concentrations over an ei맹t (8) hour
working shift. The maximum possible limit at any time underground shall be the
following:
(6). Carbon dioxide 15 ,000 parts/mi1lion by volume.

(7). Carbon monoxide 100 parts/mi1lion by volume.

(8). Nitric oxide 35 parts/million by volume.

(9). Nitrogen dioxide 5 parts/million by volume.

(1 0).Hydrogen sulphide 15 parts/million by volume.

(11 ).Flammable gas Refer to Clause 16.1 .4.3 below.

The Contractor shall at all times comply with both the average and the maximum
concentration levels.
In the case of air breathed by persons in the underground works the air shall not
contain more than the following concentrations of total respirable airborne
partic1 es of dust (sizes from 5.0 to 0.2 microns).
a) quartz content < 1% 8mg/m 3
b) quaπz content > 1% < 4% 4mg/m 3
c) quartz content > 4% 0.15 mg/m 3
Thesε values shall relate to average concentrations over an 8 hour working shift. When
dust concenσations exceed the above, all persons in the affected area shall be notified
and be required to wear respirators.
The ventilation system used during construction shall ensure that at all times a minimum
oxygen content of 20% by volume is available in any underground works. Furthermore,
the minimum fresh air requirements given herein refer to the required ventilation
conditions and additional provision shall be made to account for any losses, e.g. due to
leaks in the ducts , for which the Contractor shall make provision in the ventilation
calculations.
Instruments to register all the various noxious gases and dust shall at all times be
available on the Site in good working order and condition. These shall be supplied and 끼
maintained by the Contractor, throughout the duration of the underground work ζ「

TS-CHI6-2
_"..ι
Package J Lot JA - Upper and Lower Dams Sectíon 9 Specifìcatíon
Upper Císokan Pumped Storage Power Plant Project Part 2 Technícal Specifìcatíons

The Contractor shall be responsible for operating the ventilation system in the
underground works until all construction work is completed, including all work to be
carried out by other contractors.
B. Ventilation Quantities and Work Place Wet Bulb Temperatures
The ventilation system in each section of the Works shall ensure that the following
minimum air quantity requirements are provided at all times:
a) 3.0m3/mn for each person or worker in the underground works.
b) 6.0m3 /mn for each installed kW power of diesel plant or equipment working in
the underground works.
c) The average air velocity in all excavation areas shall not be less than 0.3 m/s.
d) Notwithstanding the above the minimum quantity of fresh air delivered at the
advancing face shall be 7m3 /s.
The ventilation, and where necessary cooling, arrangements shall be designed to ensure a
working environment such that:
i) At any time the weighted mean wet bulb temperature at all workplaces in any
one tunnel drive shall not exceed 27.5 0 C (the average being calculated on the
basis of the number of persons and the wet bulb temperature at the work place
of each person).
ii) Similarly the weighted mean wet bulb temperature at all workplaces within
100 m of the advancing face of any one tunnel drive shall not exceed 27.5 0 C.
iii) The wet bulb temperature at any one workplace does not exceed 32.5 0 C.
To ensure compliance with the foregoing , the Contractor shall provide all necessary
equipment to measure the wet bulb temperatures at regular intervals during each working
shift or such other interval agreed with the Engineer.
Additionally, if the wet bulb temperature at any one workplace exceeds 30 o C, the
Contractor shall inform the Engineer of the additional corrective measures he plans to
adopt to counter the risks to health in general and ofheat stroke in particular.

16. 1. 4.3.Hazardous Gas

A. General
The Contractor shall continuously monitor the underground works for the presence of
hazardous gases and when they occur they shall be strictly controlled and on no
occasion shall the concentration exceed 10% of the lower explosive limit of that gas.
For this purpose the Contractor shall supply, use and keep in good order sufficient
equipment and apparatus to comply with the requirements specified hereunder. Where ^

the term methane is used it shall be construed to mean any potentially explosive or 11
hazardous gas.

TS-CH16-3
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Package 1 Lo t. 1A - Upper and Lower Dams Section 9 Specification
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Power Plant Project Part 2 Technical Specifications

B. Methane Detection
The fo l1owing minimum methane detection procedures are required :
a) Testing for methane to be carried out at each probe hole, and in the case of
upward inclined probe holes at the back of the hole. Particular attention shall
be paid for testing of methane when deep fractures are intersected by the probe
hole.
b) Testing for methane to be carried out continuously during drilling or boring
operatlOns.
c) Continuous methane monitoring device(s) to be provided in ventilation
columns with automatic alarm system.
d) Regular methane inspections of headings and tunnels whether discontinued or
in use for access to the rearward of the advancing face are to be carried out.
C. Ventilation Equipment
Ventilation equipment shall be provided in accordance with Clause 16.1.5.2 above and
in addition the fo l1owing is required:
a) Ventilation fans shal1 be flame proof농d in accordance with BS 5501 P따t 5,
Flameproof enclosure <<d>> Group 1.
b) In the case of a tunnel boring machine special attention shal1 be paid to ensure
that compressed air may be injected into areas of the machine and back-up
equipment where methane may be trapped and if necessary auxiliary
ventilation equipment shall be provided.
D. Contractor’ s Equipment
In addition to the requirements noted above the following other minimum requirements
are to be adhered to:
a) Sufficient calibrated methanometers of an approved type or other approved gas
detection devices shall at all times be provided.
b) Automatic warning and cut off devices to be provided to all applicable
electrical instal1ations.
c) Al1 equipment to be suitably earthed.
d) All diesel driven plant to be fitted with effective scrubbers to the exhaust
systems.
e) In the case of excavation by drill and blast, no mechanical equipment to be
brought to the face until the examination for methane has been completed.
E. Personnel
The fo l1owing minimum requirements are to be adhered with:

TS-CH16-4
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Package 1 Lot 1A - Upper and Lower Dams Section 9 Specification
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Power Plant Project Part 2 Technical Specifications

a) At all times personnel shall be present in each working tunnel who have passed
a gas testing course acceptable to the Engineer.
b) Appropriate precautions shall be taken to prevent the entηr of unauthorized
persons to the underground works.
c) Appropriate precautions shall be taken to prevent persons bringing into the
underground works open flames and to prevent smoking in the underground
works.
F. Acceptable Concentrations ofMethane
Should methane be detected in any p따t of the underground works then al1 work in that
paπ shall immediately be halted and the Engineer shall be informed without delay. The
Contractor shall then decide in conjunction with the Engineer the appropriate action to
be taken.
Generally should the percentage of methane recorded be less than 10% of the lower
explosive limit then work may be restarted immediately on notification to the Engineer
of the occurrence but only with the Engineer ’ s approval. In this case monitoring for
methane shall be pursued continuously during al1 operations to detect any increase in
the level of methane.

16. 1. 4. 4. Lighting Requirement

The Contractor shall install, operate and maintain a li밟lting system in the underground
works until completion of the Works. The lighting along all tunnels and en1argements
shall consist of at least 40W waterproofed fluorescent lamps at intervals not exceeding
15m fitted along the one side wall of the tunnel such that illumination on a horizontal
plane at floor level is not less than 10 lux and no significant area of the floor is in
shadow. Al1 hazards shall be c1early illUlllÌllated at a11 times.
The frrst 50m from the portal of each adit shall be lit to double the above intensity.
Broken lamps sha11 be replaced every shift.
Each working face shall be brightly illuminated to not less than 160 lux by one or more
additional high intensity moveable lamps.
In addition where stationary machinery is used or in the case of a tunnel boring
machine the area sha11 be so illuminated so that a11 extemal moving p따ts are
illuminated to a level of 160 lux.
Suitable hi밟1 intensity movable lamps shall also be provided by the Contractor to
illuminate any area in the underground works where the Engineer may wish to carry
out testing or other inspection e.g. at a monitoring station or to inspect geological
features.

TS-CHI6-5
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Package 1 Lot 1A - Upper and Lower Dams Section 9 Specification
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Power Plant Pn이ect Part 2 Teclmical Specifications

Broken high intensity lamps shall be replaced immediately from a reserve stock which
shall be kept as close as practicable to the working face but in any case no further from
the face than the portal.
After excavation of any tunnel , modifications may be required to the lighting system to
allow for subsequent construction and the Contractor shall make due allowances for
this in his plam따19 and bid rates.
No person shall work or travel in any underground working unless a light is carried. All
safety helmets used underground shall be equipped with suitable brackets for mounting
the light. The li밟lt shall be a sealed 1없np of an approved type.

16. J. 4.5. Safety Precautiolls

Al l electrical equipment used underground shall be grounded to an approved

installation extending throu양lOut the underground workings and coooected to ground
outside the tuooel portal.
Cables shall be securely and safely fastened in place above f1 00r level and well
maintained.
The Contractor shall make available rescue te없ns with suitable 없Tangements and
necessary equipment to efficiently ensure prompt rescue and give general first aid.
Separate circuits shall be provided for lighting and power purposes and these circuits
shall be controlled by automatic earth leakage relays and all electrical installation shall
be kept clear of signal and telephone cables.

16. 1.5. SubmittaIs and ApprovaIs

No later than twenty eight (28) days prior to programmed commencement of any
underground works , the Contractor shall provide the Engineer with his overall method
ofli양lting and ventilation inc1uding specifications of equipment.

Two copies of the records shall be submitted to the Engineer on a weekly basis unless
otherwise instructed.

16.2. Product
16.2. 1. ElectricaI Equipment

All electrical equipment fittings shall be waterproof and spark proof without any
leakage.
A1l 1ighting and power cable shall be adequately insulated and armoured if necessary.

16.2.2. ControI Devices

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Package 1 Lot 1A - Upper and Lower Dams Section 9 Spec댄cation
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Power Plant PI1이ect Part 2 Technical Speci{ìcations

Testing devices for measuring carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, methane, siliceous
dust and oxygen sha11 be avai1able a11 the time in the vicinityofthe place ofwork

16.3. Execution

16.3. 1. Ventllation in Dri11 Blast Drives

In dri11 and blast drives an e앙1aust ventilation or forced ver피latiα1 system sha11 be
provided.
With this syste m, blasting fumes sha11 be extracted as cI ose as possible to , and not more
than 30 m from the excavation face. Exhaust air and blasting fumes sha11 be discharged
in such a way that they cannot enter into any other working place or be recirculated in
the fresh air suppl y s ystem
An additional secondary ventilation system, of the forced over1 ap type shall be
provided to ensure an adequate ventilation of the area between thε excavation face and
the air intake of the exhaust system. The intake to this fresh air forced supply shall be
located at a sufficient distance from the excavation face to ensure that blasting fumes
do not permeate into this area and cause a recycling of blasting fumes. The capacity of
the seco때ary forced ventilation system sha11 be at least 70% of the capacity of the
exhaust ventilation system
Should the Contractor wish to institute a more extensive forced ventilation system the
written approval of the Engineer w i11 be req띠red and the Contractor sha11 ensure that
the fo11owing aspects are enforced:
a) all labor shall evac없te the underground works before blasting and only
re-enter the underground works after blasting fumes have been cornpletely
removed from the working area by ventilation and discharged from the
undergrou띠 works , or

b) blasting 미mes are diluted adequately to ensure that concentrations of noxious

or other harmful gases or dust do not exceed the limits in Clause 16. 1. 4.2
above.

16.3.2. Ventilation in Machine BoardDrives

In lllachine bored drives either an exhaust or forced ventilation system shall be

provided.
With either system dust sha11 be extracted as close as possible to the cutting head.
The system adopted shall take recognition of the requirements of the Specifications
with regard to the detection and treatment of hazardous gases and shall be subject to the
approval ofthe En밍 neer.
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16.3.3. Ma intenance of Ventllation Systems

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Package 1 Lot lA - Upper and Lower Dams Section 9 Specification
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Power Plant Project Part 2 Technical Spec댄cations

16.3.3. Maintenance ofVentilation Systems

All equipment and ducting shall be maintained in sound working order at all times. Any
damage to ducting shall be repaired without delay.
Failure by the Contractor to comply with the above requirements or to maintain the
prescribed ventilation standards wi11 entit1e the Engineer to order a temporary halt of all
work within the af옮cted area until the specified requirements are met, without any
extension of time being granted and without any additional payment.

16.3.4. Use of Internal Combustion Engines

No intemal combustion engine other than a diesel engine shall be used in the
underground works. Any diesel engine used in the underground works shall be
provided with a means, which shall be maintained in efficient order, of cooling e양laust
gases and reducing the concentration of toxic gases in the exhaust gases to acceptable
levels and prevent emission of flames or sparks. Notwithstanding the Contractor’ s
compliance with the above requirements for ventilation, the operation of al1 diesel
engines in the underground works shal1 be discontinued and ventilation improved or
other acceptable measures taken if any of the limits stated in Clause 6.1 .4.2 above are
exceeded.
No diesel equipment shall be allowed underground if the exhaust gases contain more
than2 ,000 p따ts of carbon monoxide or 1,000 parts of oxides of nitrogen per 1 mi11 ion by
volume.
The engines of diesel powered equipment underground shall not be kept running idle
except while being tested or during brief halts w피le in use. No equipment shall be
refueled underground, unless proper precautions are taken.

16.3.5. Modifications to Ventilation Systems

After excavation of any tunnel which wi11 be lined, the ventilation system used for the
excavation phase may have to be modified to allow for the construction of the concretε
lining and installation, welding together, concreting in and painting of the steel-lined
sections. Any such modifications shall be allowed for by the Contractor in his design of
the ventilation systems for the underground works.
These allowances shall also include for localized ventilation during concreting and
grouting operations and during the time that subcontractors or others are c앙ηring out
welding or painting operations in the underground works.
The ventilation system shal1 be so operated after concreting of linings to maintain
satisfactory conditions for proper curing of the concrete.

16.3.6. Drilling
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Package 1 Lot lA - Upper and Lower Dams Section 9 Specification
Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Power Plant Project Part 2 Technical Spec댄cations

0nly wet drilling wil1 be used.

Al l rock surfaces or broken rock at working places shall be kept wet.

16.3.7. Conírol

Readings for carbon monoxide shall be taken by the Contractor at least once during each
shift and additional readings shall be taken when required by the Engineer.
Readings for nitrogen dioxide shall be taken as required to ensure proper safety of the
work as required by the Engineer.
The free silicon dioxide content of dust shall be determined from collected samples
representative of the dust from the various work areas. Record measurements shall be
made at least once in each shift when requested by the Engineer. The Engineer may
reduce the frequency of samplings, whenever he is satisfied that the Contractor is
maintaining the underground atmosphere free from dust.

16.4. Measurement and Payment

No separate payment for either ventilation or li방lting for underground works shall be
made. The costs for ventilation and lighting for underground works are deemed to be
spread over in the items ofunderground works.

TS-CH16-9
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