ES 13 MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES I

 DEFINITIONS

Mechanics - science describing the behavior of bodies under the

action of forces.

Three Fundamental Areas of Engineering Mechanics

1. Statics (ES 11) Devoted primarily to the study of the

2. Dynamics (ES 12) external effects of forces on rigid
bodies

3. Strength of Materials Deals with the relations

/ Mechanics of Deformable between externally applied
Bodies I (ES 13 and 14) loads and their internal
effects on bodies

External Effects of a Force

 Development of forces at surfaces of Force
contact between bodies
 Change in state of motion of the body
Friction
Internal Effects of a Force
 Deformation
 Development of internal stresses

Indention Bulging

Rigid Body - a body that does not deform under the action of
forces.

Non-Rigid Body - a body that deforms under application of

loads.

Meeting Number 1 1
 LOAD CLASSIFICATION

A. According to Time

1. Static Load - gradual application of loads for which

equilibrium is achieved at a very short time.

2. Sustained Load - load that is constant over a long period

of time

3. Impact Load - impulsive and rapid application of loads

4. Repeated Load - successive application and removal of

loads

B. According to Distribution

1. Concentrated Load - point load

2. Distributed Load - a load distributed along a line or a

surface.
Distributed
Load Concentrated
Load

C. According to Location and Method of Application

1. Centric Load - load that pass through the centroid of the

resisting section.

2. Torsional Load - load that twists a member

3. Flexural / Bending Load - load that is applied transversely

to the longitudinal axis of the member.

4. Combined Loading - any combination of the first 3 above.

Meeting Number 1 2
 REACTIONS and INTERNAL FORCES

Reactions - surface forces that develop at the supports or points of

contact between bodies.

Cable

R
Roller

Rx

Hinge Ry

Rx
Fixed M
Ry
Equations of Equilibrium

 General Force System

 Fx  0  Mx  0
 Fy  0  My  0
 Fz  0  Mz  0
 Coplanar Force System
 Fx  0
 Fy  0
 Mp  0
 Concurrent Force System
 Fx  0
 Fy  0
Internal forces - forces developed within the body of a member due
to application of external loads.
Meeting Number 1 3
 CONCEPT of STRESS

Stress - intensity of load/force per unit area (P/A)

Units: MPa, kPa, Pa, psi, ksi

Normal Stress,  = N/A - stresses acting perpendicular to the

surface of a cross section.
Shear Stress,  = V/A - stresses acting parallel or tangent to the
surface of a cross section

a


Area, A
N

V
a

Consider two bars of equal length, supporting maximum axial

loads,

Which bar is stronger?

Bar 1 Bar 2 A
A = 10 mm2 A = 1000 mm2  = P/A
(Assumed to
be uniform if
load is centric)
500 N 5000 N P

Meeting Number 1 4