INTRODUCTION TO MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
to use the impression in 1439.
MEDIA - the physical object used to communicate with or
the mass communication through physical object
such as radio, television, computers, film, etc. It also
refers to any physical object used to communicate
message.
LITERACY- the ability to identify, understand, interpret,
create, communicate, and compute using printed and
written materials associated with varying context.
MEDIA LITERACY- the ability to read, analyze, evaluate and
produce communication in a variety of media forms.
¹INFORMATION LITERACY- the ability to recognize when
information is needed and to locate, evaluate,
effectively use and communicate information in its
various formats.
TECHNOLOGY (DIGITAL) LITERACY- the ability to use digital
technology, communication tools or networks to
locate, evaluate, use, and create information.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY (MIL) - refers to the
essential competencies (knowledge, skills and
attitude) that allow citizens to engage with media and
other information providers effectively and develop
critical thinking and life-long skills for socializing and
becoming active citizens.
INFORMATION- comes from the Latin word “informare”
which means “formation of the mind or teaching.
²INFORMATION LITERACY- is a set of competencies for
obtaining, understanding, evaluating, adapting,
generating, storing, and presenting information for
problem analysis and decision-making.
¹KNOWLEDGE- is the appropriate collection of information
through experience or education, which could be
useful in various situations.
²KNOWLEDGE- is an important aspect of human life that
leads to activities that contribute to one gaining
wealth, influence, and power.
ETHICAL USE OF INFROMATION
PLAGIARISM- using other people’s word and ideas without
clearly acknowledging the source of the information.
COMMON KNOWLEDGE- are facts that can be found in
numerous places and are likely to be widely known.
INTERPRETATION- you must document facts that are not
generally known or ideas that interpret facts.
QUITATION- using someone’s word directly.
HISTORY OF MEDIA
PARAPHRASE- using someone’s ideas but rephrasing them
in your own words.
FIRST PRINTING PRESS- Gutenberg was the first European
PHONE- device invented around 1860 by Italian Antonio
Meucci.
RADIO- invented by the German Heinrich Hertz in 1888.
COMPUTER- was the first electro-mechanical computer built
by Konrad Zuse in 1910-1995.
INTERNET- the origin of the global communications
network, as it is also known in the military.
¹PRE-INDUSTRIAL AGE (BEFORE 1700s) - people discovered
fire, developed paper from plants and forged
weapons and tools with stone, bronze copper and
iron.
²ORAL TRADITION- is the basic ancestor of information and
communication flow.
INDUSTRIAL AGE (1700s-1930s) - this age clearly saw the
active role of technology in advancing the way we
communicate and disseminate information.
ELECTRONIC AGE (1930s-1980s) – characterized by the way
humans consumed information rapidly developing
pace leading towards information society.
¹DIGITAL AGE- refers to current age wherein information is
still seen as a commodity yet its mode of recording
storage, delivery, and playback relies heavily on
digital technology.
²NEW MEDIA/DIGITAL AGE (1900s-2000s) - the onset of this
age is associated with digital revolution.
³NEW MEDIA/DIGITAL AGE - people advanced the use of
micro electronics.
TYPES OF MEDIA
¹PRINT MEDIA - the oldest type, entering use in the earliest
days of written language itself.
²PRINT MEDIA – media consisting of paper and ink,
reproduced in a printing process that is traditionally
mechanical.
¹BROADCAST MEDIA – evolved in leaps and bounds in the
20th century. They distribute their message “over the
air”. Their programming can be viewed multitudes at
once; broadcast media like radio and television have
been traditionally accepted as the most efficient way
to transmit messages.
²BROADCAST MEDIA – media such as radio and television
that can reach target audiences using airwaves as the
transition medium.
¹FILM – has evolved from black and white “moving pictures”
with no sound to sophisticated color movies. It is an
originally recorded image onto the celluloid strips.
Generally used for storytelling although shorter
instructional videos are also common.
²FILM – movie, film picture, moving picture, motion picture,
a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound
and a sequence of images giving the illusion of
continuous movement.
¹NEW MEDIA - it is usually digital and internet-based. It is
also interactive, with tow way communication. Blogs,
audio and video streaming services, and online
versions of newspaper are prominent examples of
this. Social Media is also a part of new media with the
most potential.
²DIGITAL/NEW MEDIA - contents are organized and
distributed on digital platforms.
³DIGITAL/ NEW MEDIA - something that uses digit,
particularly binary digits.
MEDIA CONVERGENCE
¹MEDIA CONVERGENCE - co-existence of traditional and new
media. Co-existence of print and broadcast media,
the internet mobile phone and others.
LIBRARY- is where collections of books, periodicals and
other sources are organized through a classification
system.
ACADEMIC LIBRARY- supports the curriculum for universities
and other educational institutions. It is also a research
arm for scholarly papers and related works.
PUBLIC LIBRARY- is supported by taxes and the
government. It is accessible to everyone and its
purpose is for the public interest.
SCHOOL LIBRARY- caters both students and educators.
SPECIAL LIBRARY- serves a specific group of people, usually
based on discipline. Collections are focused on a
specific are of interest.
INTERNET- refers to refers to a global system that links
computer networks under the same set of
communication protocols. Some scholarly articles that
are not available on print are already accessible
online.

CONVERGENCE - means meeting at a point, it is synonymous

to the words: joint, unite, intersect, merge, connect,
and coincide.

²MEDIA CONVERGENCE - happens when different media

sources join together. It allows media texts to be
produced and distributed on multiple media devices.
It is the ability to transform different kinds of media
into digital code, which is then accessible by a range
of devices.

EXAMPLE OF MEDIA CONVERGENCE: smart phones

(cameras, TV, telephone, web browser, digital map,
radio, etc.), computer (camera, music player, web
browser, etc.), internet (facebook, twitter, instagram,
etc.), Google (Gmail, Google drive, Google play,
playstore)

IFORMATION SOURCES
INFORMATION- refers to facts and figures acquired from
learning, research or communication.

INFORMATION SOURCES- refer to people, groups, and

records from which data is gathered.

INFORMANT- is someone who provides details about his/her

language, value, beliefs, or culture to a researcher.

CHECKING THE INFORMATION: ¹reliability, ²accuracy,

³value, ⁴authority, ⁵timeliness

PRIMARY SOURCES- are original materials on which other

research is based.

SECONDARY SOURCES- are those that describe or analyze

primary sources.

TERTIARY SOURCES- are those used to organize and locate

secondary and primary sources.