Wideband Circularly Polarized H-shaped Dielectric Resonator Antenna

Excited with Cross-slot feed

Rajkishor Kumar1 and Raghvendra Kumar Chaudhary2
Microwave R&D Lab., Department of Electronics Engineering
Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad
Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, India
1
rajkishorkumar88@gmail.com, 2raghvendra.chaudhary@gmail.com

Abstract—In this paper, a wideband circularly polarized II. ANTENNA CONFIGURATION

H-shaped dielectric resonator antenna (H-DRA) has been The geometry of H-shaped DRA for wideband circular
presented. Circular polarization is generated in H-DRA by using polarization antenna is shown in Fig.1. The proposed antenna
cross-slot feed of two unequal lengths which show the orthogonal consists of FR4 epoxy substrate (εr = 4.4, tanδ = 0.025) as a
modes. The proposed structure having H-shaped DRA to ground plane and H-shaped DR made of alumina material (εr
improves the impedance and axial ratio bandwidth. Proposed
= 9.8, tanδ = 0.002). On the top of FR4 substrate ground
antenna offers -10 dB impedance bandwidth of 36.09% (at center
frequency 3.99 GHz) and 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 22.30%
(copper) plane is placed, where the slots are cut to excite the
(at center frequency 3.90 GHz) in the broadside direction (θ = 0º, H-shaped DR shown in Fig. 1(a) and 1(b).
Ф = 0º). It has been observed from radiation patterns and electric
field intensity that proposed antenna exhibits left hand circular
polarizations. The average gain and radiation efficiency is 4.61
dB and 81.14% in the broadside direction. This antenna is
suitable for Wi-MAX (3.3-3.7 GHz) application.

I. INTRODUCTION

Dielectric resonator (DR) has been used first time, as

antenna applications in 1983 by long et al. [1]. Dielectric
resonator antenna (DRA) shows more advantages than the
microstrip antenna such as wide bandwidth, low metallic loss, (a) (b)
Fig. 1. Geometry of proposed H-shaped DRA (a) Top view (b) 3D view. [all
high radiation efficiency, ease of excitation and simple dimensions in mm : DL = 17.5, DW = 18, DL1 = 3, DW 1 = 7.5, DH = 18, SL = SW
geometry [2-3]. In modern wireless communication systems = 50 , SH = 1 , LS = 28, WS = 2, CSL1 = 11.5, CSL2 = 16, CSW = 0.9].
circular polarization (CP) is used to transmit the signal
effectively. The antenna having CP shows good III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
synchronization between transmitter and receiver side as In order to verify the effect of H-shaped DR parametric
compared to linear polarization and also less affected by analyses have been performed. Fig. 2. shows the input
weather condition [4]. reflection coefficient and axial ratio of the proposed antenna.
Circular polarization is generated by two ways, first is The H-shaped DR are required to achieve wideband circular
single feeding technique provides less axial ratio [5] and the polarization as can be observed from Fig. 2 (b). Fig. 2
second one is dual feeding technique shows better axial ratio indicates -10 dB impedance bandwidth of 36.09% (at centre
as compared to single feeding technique [6]. frequency 3.99 GHz) and 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of
Several research work have been reported using modified 22.30% (at centre frequency 3.90 GHz) in the broadside
shaped DR such as comb [7], Trapezoidal [8], Rotated Stacked direction (θ = 0º, Ф = 0º).
[9], Rotated-Stair [10] and bowtie [11]. It is seen that the
effect of modified shape of DR plays major role to improve
the impedance bandwidth. The H-shaped DRA has been
proposed to improve only impedance bandwidth [12].
In this paper, an H-shaped DRA has been presented and
discussed. The proposed antenna excites with cross slot feed
of unequal lengths. The unequal length of cross slot feed helps
to generate orthogonal modes in H-shaped DR. The proposed
antenna uses H-shaped DR to enhance the impedance and
axial ratio bandwidth. Proposed antenna shows TE11δ mode (a) (b)
(H-shape considered as special case of rectangular shape). The Fig. 2. (a) Input reflection coefficient (b) axial ratio bandwidth in broadside
simulation work is carried out on Ansoft HFSS 14.0. direction of the proposed antenna.

978-1-4673-9536-6/15/$31.00 ©2015 IEEE

The radiation patterns of the proposed antenna at 3.61 GHz and TABLE I. COMPARISION OF PROPOSED ANTENNA WITH THOSE ANTENNAS
4.22 GHz respectively as shown in Fig. 3. Result indicates that WHICH USES DIFFERENT SHAPE OF DRS.

proposed antenna offers left hand circular polarization (LHCP) Circular polarization DRA
S. 3-dB
at both frequencies. It is also observed that LHCP is stronger No. fo 10-dB
Shape εr AR-BW Ref.
than the right hand circular polarization (RHCP) by -45.28 dB GHz BW %
%
and -20.19 dB at 3.61 GHz and 4.22 GHz respectively in 1. Comb cylinder 10 4.65 9 4 [7]
broadside direction. The electric field distribution inside the H-
2. Trapezoidal 9.4 3.60 33.5 21.50 [8]
shaped DRA confirms that TE11δ mode excites at 4.25 GHz as
shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 5 show the average gain and radiation 10.
3. Rotated Stacked 10 21 6 [9]
3
efficiency profile of the proposed antenna in the broadside
direction respectively. Table I shows the comparison of the 4. Rotated-Stair 10 5.5 31 18.2 [10]
proposed antenna with earlier published works in which This
different shape of DR has been used. 5. H-shaped 9.8 4.25 36.09 22.30
work

IV. CONCLUSION
An H-shaped DRA has been presented for wideband
circular polarization applications. The proposed antenna is
excited with cross-slot feed to generate CP. It offers -10 dB
impedance bandwidth of 36.09% and 3-dB axial ratio
bandwidth of 22.30% in the broadside direction (θ = 0º, Ф =
0º). The average gain and radiation efficiency is 4.61 dB and
81.14% respectively in the working band. The proposed
antenna shows LHCP which is stronger than RHCP by
(a) (b) -45.28 dB at 3.61 GHz and -20.19 dB at 4.22 GHz in broadside
Fig. 3. Radiation pattern of the proposed antenna (a) xz-plane at 3.61 GHz
direction. It is also suitable for Wi-MAX applications.
(b) xz-plane at 4.22 GHz.
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