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Chemistry Information Board
Chemistry Information Board
1 MATTER
Particulate Nature of Matter
1. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
Types of Particles
MUST KNOW!
The rate of diffusion is highest in gas and lowest in solid.
Diffusion is the proof of the particle theory of matter.
Diffusion in Solid
Diffusion in Solid
Observation
The blue colour of copper(II) sulphate fills up the entire test tube after a few
days
Copper(II) sulphate crystals are made of copper(II) ions and sulphate ions
which are tiny and discrete.
The particles in the copper(II) sulphate crystal will separate to become ions
and diffuse randomly upwards until the whole agar turns blue.
Diffusion in Liquid
(Diffusion in Liquid)
Observation
The purple colour of potassium manganate(VII) fills up the entire test tube
after a few hours
Diffusion has taken place in the liquid.
The rate of diffusion of the particles in water is faster than the diffusion rate
of particles in solid.
The occurrence of diffusion proves that potassium permanganate(VII)
consist of tiny and discrete particles.
Diffusion in Gas
(Diffusion in Gas)
Observation
The brown colour bromine vapour spreads evenly throughout the gas jar in a
few minutes
Bromine vapour is made of tiny and discrete molecules that move randomly
to fill up space.
Bromine vapour moves randomly and diffuses in all directions in air from
areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.
Conclusion : The rate of diffusion is highest in gas and lowest in
solid.
Brownian Motion
Element Symbol
Fluorine F
Hydrogen H
Iodine I
Nitrogen N
Oxygen O
Phosphorus P
Sulphur S
Carbon C
Vanadium V
If there are two or more elements that have mane start with the same alphabet
letter, a second letter is added to differentiate between these
elements. The second letter used is always lowercase.
Examples:
Elements Symbol
Bromine Br
Calcium Ca
Chlorine Cl
Chromium Cr
Magnesium Mg
Manganese Mn
Neon Ne
Nickel Ni
Silicon Si
Helium He
Argon Ar
Aluminium Al
Zinc Zn
Platinum Pt
Copper Cuprum Cu
Iron Ferrum Fe
Lead Plumbum Pb
Mercury Hydrargyrum Hg
Potassium Kalium K
Silver Argentum Ag
Sodium Natrium Na
Tin Stannum Sn
(Notes: You MUST Memorise the symbol for all these 31 elements)
Element and Compounds
Matter can be divided into elements and compounds.
Elements
(Both the iron and oxygen are element because they consist of only one type
of atoms)
Compounds
(Both the sodium chloride and carbon dioxide are compound because they
consist of more than one type of atoms)