1.

Introduction to the land of Pakistan

 location: -

latitude: 24 N to 37 N
longitude:61 E to 78 E

 Importance of location: -

Type of location: Geo-strategic

Few links by land to N and NW because of large mountainous ranges and their climatic
conditions. Khyber Pass connects to Afghanistan. Karakoram Pass connects with China.

ARABIAN SEA is central position for trading as it propagates to S. Asia, far east to middle east
to west.
Arabian Sea also provides air route because some flights of east and west fly through it as it is
central position for them. Karachi International Terminal Airport is useful as most Dubai flights
fly through it.
PAKISTAN-IRAN GAS PIPELINE: When USSR was broken down into CAS Republics, they
had great deal of Natural gas. This project was stated because so that the gas can be given to
middle east, east through Pakistan.

I more agree with the statement B because as Pakistan is

STATEMENT A
Construction of the
Pakistan-Iran Pipeline will
solve our energy crisis as
more gas – fired thermal
power plants could be set
up that will lead to
industrialization and
economic prosperity
developing country, it should use its own resources like renewable
resources such as wind, water, waves etc. This way Pakistan can
help it self in its difficult times as it is independent. If Pakistan uses
renewable resources like sunlight, wind and water, many people
will be employed as more will be employed in manufacturing.
Installing, marketing, selling etc. For these resources to be used in
this project, less capital is required and it will be long lasting unless
these renewable resources will end in future like there will be
shortage of water in Pakistan

STATEMENT B
We should not depend on
natural resources of other
countries to solve our
energy crisis. WE can
generate power from
renewable resources(wind,
sunlight, water, waves) to
boost up our economy
I less agree with the statement A because these types of projects
can be very costly and time consuming for Pakistan as Pakistan
is in lack of such capital. If this project will be started then there
will be security issue between both countries’ borders.
Furthermore, if Pakistan will be involved in this project,
Pakistan’s image in international market will be low. Lastly, if in
future relations with Iran will get stained then this project will
come to its end. But however, this mega project can bring
employment to vast people especially in different industries.

Study and description of features on

land or surfaces like mountains, rivers,
Natural Topography plains, deserts, etc.

 N. Mountains and NW.

Mountains
To the N, NW, NE, 3 mountain ranges
a) Karakoram
b) Himalayas
c) Hindukush
a) Karakoram Ranges
It means ‘black gravel’ is a mass of ice and rocks, extending for more than 400 km from
Hunza to Shyok river. The western end of it lies in PAK
It is located in extreme north of PAK
Its trend is from east-west. It has deep gorges and narrow valleys with sharp peaks
forming rugged landscape. Its avg. height is 6000m. K-2 is the second highest height
peak in the world following Mnt. Everest. Precipitation is mainly in form of snow. In
upper regions there is glaciers instead of rivers.
Major rivers are Chitral river, Gilgit river and Hunza river.
Severe Climatic Conditions like it makes extremely inhospitable so low population
density. Mountain passes are opened for only ½ year.
Nomadic and Semi Nomadic Lifestyle

Agriculture practice is done as Apples, Barley, Millet are made here but where water is
plentiful.
Cattle Breeding is also done here.
Scenic Beauty and Attraction mountaineers from all around the globe comes here because
of its challenging geography and its scenic beauty.
Recently, Karakoram Highway has made communication between Pakistan and China a
lot easier. Khunjerab Pass is also located here
b) Himalayas
The western most part lies in Pakistan.
Its trend is from east to west. Its avg. height is 4000m. Himalayas comprises of parallel
ranges stretching like a bow. From west they are bordered by Hindu Kush and from
north, they are bordered with Karakoram ranges.
The Parallel ranges of it are divided to their altitudes

I. Sub-Himalayas or The Siwaliks: –

They are southernmost ranges of HIM
Their avg. height is 600-1200m
Cover hills of Rawalpindi district
II. Lesser Himalayas or Pir Panjal: -
Lies in N of Siwaliks or S of Greater Himalayas
Avg. Height is 1800-4600m
Mostly snow-capped mountains

c)