Diplomacy Defined

Dr. Oyewole O. Sarumi

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 Definitions
• Diplomacy is broadly described as the art of
conducting negotiations, agreements and
relations between two or more parties in a
sensitive way.
• These parties could be anything from husband
and wife to two countries.

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• Usually, when the word "diplomacy" is
mentioned, people think of international
relations and communications, as this is the
most common context in which the word is
heard.

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• Diplomacy is basically a term that is widely
important for International relations between
various nations. Diplomacy is the art of
negotiations between various countries. In
international relations it forms the basis for
peace making, economics, culture, trade, wars
etc.
 Diplomacy: What it involves..
• Diplomacy is generally understood to
be governments communicating with
governments. It is primarily practiced through
embassies and consulates around the world,
and involves foreign service officers and
ambassadors advancing their governments’
foreign policy objectives while collecting and
researching essential political and economic
information.
 The Goal of Diplomacy
• The goal of diplomacy is to further the state's
interests as dictated by geography, history,
and economics. Safeguarding the state's
independence, security, and integrity is of
prime importance; preserving the widest
possible freedom of action for the state is
nearly as important. Beyond that, diplomacy
seeks maximum national advantage without
using force and preferably without causing
resentment.
 The Different types of diplomacy
There are a number of different types of diplomacy, including:

• Appeasement, • Multi-track Diplomacy,

• Citizen Diplomacy,
• Cultural Diplomacy,
• Deference,
• Dollar Diplomacy,
• Economic Diplomacy,
• Engagement Diplomacy,
• Freelance Diplomacy,
• Gunboat Diplomacy,
• Panda Diplomacy,
• Ping-pong Diplomacy,
• Public Diplomacy,
• Regional Diplomacy,
• Science Diplomacy,
• Shuttle Diplomacy
• Track II Diplomacy.

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Some others examples of diplomacy…
• Bilateral diplomacy, war diplomacy, preventive
diplomacy, multilateral diplomacy,
developmental diplomacy, multi track
diplomacy and public diplomacy are examples
of diplomacy.

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Here are outlines of a few of these
types of diplomacy:

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 Appeasement
• Appeasement is a specific type of diplomacy where the
main aim of communication is to avoid full-frontal war.
• This is done by making concessions to, and
negotiations with, powers or leaders who are acting in
an aggressive way.
• The term was originally developed by Neville
Chamberlain, the British Prime Minister of the interwar
period, and was implemented by the "Allies", as they
would come to be known, in order to prevent Hitler
from taking aggressive action.

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 Citizen diplomacy
• Citizen diplomacy is the political idea that
average citizens can act as representatives of a
cause or country, if "official" or governmental
interactions are inappropriate.
• Citizen diplomacy does not have to involve
direct address or conversation - it can take the
form of sporting events or scientific
exchanges.

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 Deterrence
• Deference is the idea that people should
recognize and submit to the authority of their
superiors.
• It is seen, for example, in the workplace - it would
be deemed acceptable for your boss to tell you
what to do, but unacceptable for you to tell your
boss what to do.
• This is because, due to the concept of deference,
your boss has more authority than you do, and
therefore has the power to control your actions
and behaviour (to an extent).
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 Deterrence
• Measures taken by
countries to prevent
and protect
themselves from
threats
– Threats: countries or
non-state aggressors
(e.g. international
terrorists)
 Deterrence
• Deterrence policy is based on being prepared
for any form of threats while developing
diplomatic relationships with as many countries
as possible.
• Deterrence refers to the measures to prevent
and protect a country from various threats
such as other countries and terrorists.

• Deterrence is necessary to protect a country

and to give people a sense of security.
 Multilateral Diplomacy
• Multilateral Diplomacy:
This was a more resent development with its
origins dating near or after the end of the First
World War. Its various types are:
War diplomacy- A form of diplomacy adopted when
there is no alternative to war.
Preventive diplomacy- This is an extremely delicate
process as it requires the most trust and confidence
between antagonists. It also requires extreme
patience and an independence from coercion.

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 Bilateral diplomacy
• Bilateral diplomacy involves two nations or
interests while public diplomacy involves
government public relations.

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 War diplomacy
• War diplomacy is adopted when there is no
alternative to war and….

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Developmental Diplomacy
• Developmental diplomacy is more
economically oriented.

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 Public Diplomacy
• Public Diplomacy-
-One which encompasses government public
relations.

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 Developmental Diplomacy-

• Developmental diplomacy-
This is more an economic form of
diplomacy which seeks a promotion of
economic interests.

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 Diplomacy In Economy
• Diplomacy in economy is usually thought of as
something only related to policy-making and
representation of the home-government’s trade
interests, which leads to crucial qualifications of
exceptional business skills, flexibility and sensible
judgment on the side of the diplomats.
• But on a more in-depth look, it should primarily
deal with reporting and monitoring of trade
policies, economic resources and regulations of
the destination countries so the sending-state
would have a better picture of the economic
atmosphere there
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 Bilateral Diplomacy
• Bilateral Diplomacy:
Between two nations or interests. Mutual
benefit or relations are the only ones which
are considered important. It is in some
measure the basis for other more complex
relationships.

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 Multi-track Diplomacy
• Multi track diplomacy-
– A more pragmatic and modern approach which
encompasses all the other diplomacy types and
focuses on the issue at hand from the rival's point
of you.

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 Last line
• Please contact Dr. Oyewole O. Sarumi for
speaking engagements and conferences.

Leadership Management Consulting.

www.leadershipmgtservice@gmail.com