IONOMER

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionomer

An ionomer is a polymer composed of repeat units of both electrically neutral repeating units
and ionized units covalently bonded to the polymer backbone as pendant group moieties. Usually no
more than 15 mole percent are ionized. The ionized units are often carboxylic acid groups.

onomers have unique physical properties including electrical conductivity and viscosity—increase in
ionomer solution viscosity with increasing temperatures (see conducting polymer). Ionomers also have
unique morphological properties as the non-polar polymer backbone is energetically incompatible with
the polar ionic groups. As a result, the ionic groups in most ionomers will undergo microphase
separation to form ionic-rich domains.

Na-IONOMER

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/ionomers

Ionomer
Liesl K. Massey, in The Effects of UV Light and Weather on Plastics and Elastomers (Second Edition),
2007

Use zinc type ionomers for a more stable base and long-term performance. Both sodium and zinc type
ionomers may be modified for protection from occasional exposure to sunlight (less than 200
hours/year).

Compatibilization
Johannes Karl Fink, in Reactive Polymers Fundamentals and Applications (Second Edition), 2013

Ionomers formed by copolymerization of ethylene and methacrylic acid, either in the acid form or
partially neutralized with zinc and sodium, have been blended with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). The
blending was achieved in an internal mixer and in a twin-screw extruder. During processing of the
mixture of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and the sodium neutralized ionomer, a degradation accompanied
with gas evolution took place. The best impact resistance was noticed in blends containing 30% of zinc
neutralized ionomer, showing an increase of 53%. There is a strong indication that exchange reactions
occur during the mixing process [120].

USE OF POLYMER IN ELECTROMAGNETIC SHEILDING

https://engineering.purdue.edu/SMARTLab/publications/Electromagnetic%20Interference%20Shielding
%20Polymers%20and%20Nanocomposites%20A%20Review.pdf
Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Polymers and Nanocomposites - A Review Dawei Jiang, Vignesh
Murugadoss, Ying Wang, Jing Lin, Tao Ding, Zicheng Wang, Qian Shao, Chao Wang, Hu Liu, Na Lu, Renbo
Wei, Angaiah Subramania & Zhanhu Guo

Intrinsically conducting polymers (ICP) and conductive fillers incorporated conductive polymer-based
composites (CPC) greatly facilitate the research in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding because
they not only provide excellent EMI shielding but also have advantages of electromagnetic wave
absorption rather than reflection. In this review, the latest developments in ICP and CPC based EMI
shielding materials are highlighted. In particular, existing methods for adjusting the morphological
structure, electric and magnetic properties of EMI shielding materials are discussed along with the
future opportunities and challenges in developing ICP and CPC for EMI shielding applications.

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) has become a severe concern owing to rapid advancement in
technology and widespread usage of electronic devices.1–3 Electromagnetic interference is an
electromagnetic pollution caused by electromagnetic noise originated either from natural source
(lighting, solar flares, etc.) or man-made devices (electrical circuit, electronic devices, etc.) over a
frequency range (depends on the source) that affects or degrades the performance of another
electronic device/electrical circuit and loss of stored data.4 The disturbance may be caused by
electromagnetic coupling, electromagnetic induction or conduction. Anthropogenic electromagnetic
noise also affects biological processes, including human health.5,6 These major issues have spurred
researchers to develop materials for EMI shielding (or EMI attenuation), having a broad range of
applications ranging from the electronic systems to biological systems.7–10 In order to avoid serious
problems of EMI, some organizations have standardized electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
regulations.11 Electromagnetic compatibility refers to the ABILITY OF AN EQUIPMENT or an EMI
shielding material that does not affect itself or any other equipment due to EM radiation.12,13 The
usage of traditional metal and metallic composites as an EMI shielding materials is restricted by their
high density, poor mechanical flexibility, corrosiveness, and tedious and expensive processing costs.
Hence, the advanced EMI shielding materials are now mainly focused on carbon matrix, polymeric
matrix, and ceramic matrix composites.14–24 The necessities for a standard EMI shielding material are
high electrical conductivity, excellent thermal stability, and low density.

BaTiO3

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/app.46413

Chauhan Sampat, S.; Verma, P.; Malik Rajender, S.; Choudhary, V. Thermomechanically Stable Dielectric
Composites Based on Poly(ether Ketone) and BaTiO3 with Improved Electromagnetic Shielding
Properties in X-Band. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46413.

High‐performance barium titanate (BaTiO3) filled poly(ether ketone) (PEK) composites were prepared by
melt compounding with an aim to investigate the effect of BaTiO3 on thermal, thermomechanical,
dielectric, and electromagnetic interference shielding behavior of PEK. The content of BaTiO3 in the PEK
matrix was varied from 0 to 18 vol %. Scanning electron microscopy studies shows that BaTiO3 particles
were uniformly distributed in the PEK matrix up to 13 vol % loading followed by the formation of
agglomerates at higher loading (18 vol %). Rockwell hardness increased up to 13 vol % loading followed
by a decrease at 18 vol % loading. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that storage modulus increases
with increase in BaTiO3 loading with a maximum value of 3192 MPa at 13 vol % compared to 2099 MPa
for neat PEK. Dielectric constant of composites measured in the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz
increased approximately three times upon incorporation of 18 vol % of BaTiO3. This increment in
dielectric constant is reflected in improved electromagnetic shielding properties as loading of dielectric
filler (BaTiO3) increases. Total shielding effectiveness of −11 dB (∼92% attenuation) at loading of 18 vol
% BaTiO3 justifies the use of these composites for suppression of EM radiations.