Ecuaciones Diferenciales No Lineales

EJERCICIOS 4.
1)
𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ − 2𝑦 = 0
Se tiene que:
𝑦 = 𝑥𝑚 → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 → 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑚(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 𝑚−2 = (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2
Remplazando en la ED:
𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 − 2𝑥 𝑚 = 0
(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 − 2𝑥 𝑚 = 0
𝑚2 − 𝑚 − 2 = 0
1+3
=2
1 ± √1 − 4(1)(−2) 1 ± √1 + 8 1 ± 3 2
𝑚= = = =
2 2 2 1−3
= −1
{ 2
La solución general es:
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 −1 + 𝑐2 𝑥 2
2)
4𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 = 0
Se tiene que:
4𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0
4(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0
4𝑚2 − 4𝑚 + 1 = 0
4 ± √16 − 4(4)(1) 4 ± √16 − 16 4 1
𝑚= = = =
2∗4 8 8 2
1 1
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 2 + 𝑐2 𝑥 2 𝐿𝑛𝑥
3)
𝑥𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦′ = 0
Se tiene que:
𝑥(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 = 0
(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−1 + 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 = 0
𝑚2 − 𝑚 + 𝑚 = 0
𝑚=0
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 0 + 𝑐2 𝑥 0 𝐿𝑛𝑥 → 𝑦 = 𝑐1 + 𝑐2 𝐿𝑛𝑥
4)
𝑥𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦′ = 0
Se tiene que:
𝑥(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 − 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 = 0

(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−1 − 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 = 0
𝑚2 − 𝑚 − 𝑚 = 0
𝑚2 − 2𝑚 = 0
𝑚=2
𝑚(𝑚 − 2) = 0 → {
𝑚=0
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 0 + 𝑐2 𝑥 2 → 𝑦 = 𝑐1 + 𝑐2 𝑥 2
5)
𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 4𝑦 = 0
Se tiene que:
𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 + 4𝑥 𝑚 = 0
(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 + 𝑚𝑥 𝑚 + 4𝑥 𝑚 = 0
𝑚2 + 4 = 0
𝑚 = ±√−4 = ±2𝑖
𝑦 = 𝑥 0 [𝑐1 cos(2𝐿𝑛𝑥) + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝐿𝑛𝑥)] → 𝑦 = 𝑐1 cos(2𝐿𝑛𝑥) + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝐿𝑛𝑥)
6)
𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 5𝑥𝑦 ′ + 3𝑦 = 0
Se tiene que:

𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 5𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 + 3𝑥 𝑚 = 0
(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 + 5𝑚𝑥 𝑚 + 3𝑥 𝑚 = 0
𝑚2 + 4𝑚 + 3 = 0
−3
(𝑚 + 3)(𝑚 + 1) = 0 → 𝑚 = {
−1
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 −1 + 𝑐2 𝑥 −3
7)
𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ − 3𝑥𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 = 0
Se tiene que:
𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 − 3𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 − 2𝑥 𝑚 = 0
(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 − 3𝑚𝑥 𝑚 − 2𝑥 𝑚 = 0
𝑚2 − 4𝑚 − 2 = 0
4 ± √16 − 4(1)(−2) 4 ± √24 4 ± 2√6 2 − √6

𝑚= = = ={
2 2 2
2 + √6
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 2−√6 + 𝑐2 𝑥 2+√6
8)
𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 3𝑥𝑦 ′ − 4𝑦 = 0
Se tiene que:
𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 3𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 − 4𝑥 𝑚 = 0
(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 + 3𝑚𝑥 𝑚 − 4𝑥 𝑚 = 0
𝑚2 + 2𝑚 − 4 = 0
−2 ± √4 − 4(1)(−4) −2 ± √20 −2 ± 2√5 −1 − √5

𝑚= = = ={
2 2 2
−1 + √5
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 −1−√5 + 𝑐2 𝑥 −1+√5
9)
25𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 25𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 0
Se tiene que:
25𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 25𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0
25(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 + 25𝑚𝑥 𝑚 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0
25𝑚2 + 1 = 0
1 1
𝑚 = ±√− =± 𝑖
25 5
1 1 1 1
𝑦 = 𝑥 0 [𝑐1 cos ( 𝐿𝑛𝑥) + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( 𝐿𝑛𝑥)] → 𝑦 = 𝑐1 cos ( 𝐿𝑛𝑥) + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( 𝐿𝑛𝑥)
5 5 5 5
10)
4𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 0
Se tiene que:
4𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 4𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0
4(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 + 4𝑚𝑥 𝑚 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0
4𝑚2 + 1 = 0
1 1
𝑚 = ±√− = ± 𝑖
4 2
1 1 1 1
𝑦 = 𝑥 0 [𝑐1 cos ( 𝐿𝑛𝑥) + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( 𝐿𝑛𝑥)] → 𝑦 = 𝑐1 cos ( 𝐿𝑛𝑥) + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( 𝐿𝑛𝑥)
2 2 2 2
11)
𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 5𝑥𝑦 ′ + 4𝑦 = 0
Se tiene que:
𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 5𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 + 4𝑥 𝑚 = 0
(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 + 5𝑚𝑥 𝑚 + 4𝑥 𝑚 = 0

𝑚2 + 4𝑚 + 4 = 0
(𝑚 + 2)2 = 0 → 𝑚 = −2
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 −2 + 𝑐2 𝑥 −2 𝐿𝑛𝑥
12)
𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 8𝑥𝑦 ′ + 6𝑦 = 0
Se tiene que:
𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 8𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 + 6𝑥 𝑚 = 0
(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 + 8𝑚𝑥 𝑚 + 6𝑥 𝑚 = 0
𝑚2 + 7𝑚 + 6 = 0
−6
(𝑚 + 6)(𝑚 + 1) = 0 → 𝑚 = {
−1
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 −1 + 𝑐2 𝑥 −6
13)
𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ − 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = 0
Se tiene que:
𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 − 𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 + 2𝑥 𝑚 = 0

(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 − 𝑚𝑥 𝑚 + 2𝑥 𝑚 = 0
𝑚2 − 2𝑚 + 2 = 0
2 ± √4 − 4(1)(2) 2 ± √−4 2 ± 2𝑖
𝑚= = = =1±𝑖
2 2 2
𝑦 = 𝑥[𝑐1 cos(𝐿𝑛𝑥) + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝐿𝑛𝑥)]
15)
3𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 6𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 0
Se tiene que:
3𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 6𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0
3(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 + 6𝑚𝑥 𝑚 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0
3𝑚2 + 3𝑚 + 1 = 0
−3 ± √9 − 4(3)(1) −3 ± √−3 1 √3
𝑚= = =− ± 𝑖
2∗3 6 2 6
1 √3 √3
𝑦 = 𝑥 −2 [𝑐1 cos ( 𝐿𝑛𝑥) + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( 𝐿𝑛𝑥)]
6 6
16)
2𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 0
Se tiene que:

2𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0
2(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 + 𝑚𝑥 𝑚 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0
2𝑚2 − 𝑚 + 1 = 0
1 ± √1 − 4(2)(1) 1 ± √−7 1 √7
𝑚= = = ± 𝑖
2∗2 4 4 4
1 √7 √7
𝑦 = 𝑥 4 [𝑐1 cos ( 𝐿𝑛𝑥) + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( 𝐿𝑛𝑥)]
4 4
17)
𝑥 3 𝑦 ′′′ − 6𝑦 = 0
Se tiene que:
→ 𝑦 ′′′ = (𝑚2 − 𝑚)(𝑚 − 2)𝑥 𝑚−3 = (𝑚3 − 3𝑚2 + 2𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−3
𝑥 3 (𝑚3 − 3𝑚2 + 2𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−3 − 6𝑥 𝑚 = 0
(𝑚3 − 3𝑚2 + 2𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 − 6𝑥 𝑚 = 0
𝑚3 − 3𝑚2 + 2𝑚 − 6 = 0
Por división sintética se tiene:
3
(𝑚 − 3)(𝑚2 + 2) = 0 → 𝑚={
±√−2 = ±√2𝑖
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 0 [𝑐2 cos(√2𝐿𝑛𝑥) + 𝑐3 𝑠𝑒𝑛(√2𝐿𝑛𝑥)] → 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 3 + 𝑐2 cos(√2𝐿𝑛𝑥) + 𝑐3 𝑠𝑒𝑛(√2𝐿𝑛𝑥)

19)
𝑥 3 𝑦 ′′′ − 2𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ − 2𝑥𝑦 ′ + 8𝑦 = 0
Se tiene que:
→ 𝑦 ′′′ = (𝑚2 − 𝑚)(𝑚 − 2)𝑥 𝑚−3 = (𝑚3 − 3𝑚2 + 2𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−3
𝑥 3 (𝑚3 − 3𝑚2 + 2𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−3 − 2𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 − 2𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 + 8𝑥 𝑚 = 0
(𝑚3 − 3𝑚2 + 2𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 − 2(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 − 2𝑚𝑥 𝑚 + 8𝑥 𝑚 = 0
𝑚3 − 5𝑚2 + 2𝑚 + 8 = 0
(𝑚 − 2)(𝑚2 − 3𝑚 − 4) = 0
2
(𝑚 − 2)(𝑚 − 4)(𝑚 + 1) = 0 → 𝑚={ 4
−1
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 2 + 𝑐2 𝑥 4 + 𝑐3 𝑥 −1
20)
𝑥 3 𝑦 ′′′ − 2𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑥𝑦′ − 4𝑦 = 0
Se tiene que:
→ 𝑦 ′′′ = (𝑚2 − 𝑚)(𝑚 − 2)𝑥 𝑚−3 = (𝑚3 − 3𝑚2 + 2𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−3
𝑥 3 (𝑚3 − 3𝑚2 + 2𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−3 − 2𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 4𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 − 4𝑥 𝑚 = 0
(𝑚3 − 3𝑚2 + 2𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 − 2(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 + 4𝑚𝑥 𝑚 − 4𝑥 𝑚 = 0

𝑚3 − 5𝑚2 + 8𝑚 − 4 = 0
(𝑚 − 2)(𝑚2 − 3𝑚 + 2) = 0
(𝑚 − 2)(𝑚 − 2)(𝑚 − 1) = 0
2
(𝑚 − 2)2 (𝑚 − 1) = 0 → 𝑚={
1
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 2 + 𝑐2 𝑥 2 𝐿𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐3 𝑥
21)
𝑥𝑦 (4) + 6𝑦 (3) = 0
Se tiene que:
→ 𝑦 ′′′ = (𝑚2 − 𝑚)(𝑚 − 2)𝑥 𝑚−3 = (𝑚3 − 3𝑚2 + 2𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−3
→ 𝑦 ′′′′ = (𝑚3 − 3𝑚2 + 2𝑚)(𝑚 − 3)𝑥 𝑚−4 = (𝑚4 − 6𝑚3 + 11𝑚2 − 6𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−4
𝑥(𝑚4 − 6𝑚3 + 11𝑚2 − 6𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−4 + 6(𝑚3 − 3𝑚2 + 2𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−3 = 0
(𝑚4 − 6𝑚3 + 11𝑚2 − 6𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−3 + 6(𝑚3 − 3𝑚2 + 2𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−3 = 0
𝑚4 − 7𝑚2 + 6𝑚 = 0
𝑚(𝑚 − 1)(𝑚2 + 𝑚 − 6) = 0
𝑚(𝑚 − 1)(𝑚 + 3)(𝑚 − 2) = 0
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑥 2 + 𝑐3 𝑥 −3 + 𝑐4
22)
𝑥 4 𝑦 (4) + 6𝑥 3 𝑦 (3) + 9𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 3𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 0
Se tiene que:
→ 𝑦 ′′′ = (𝑚2 − 𝑚)(𝑚 − 2)𝑥 𝑚−3 = (𝑚3 − 3𝑚2 + 2𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−3
→ 𝑦 ′′′′ = (𝑚3 − 3𝑚2 + 2𝑚)(𝑚 − 3)𝑥 𝑚−4 = (𝑚4 − 6𝑚3 + 11𝑚2 − 6𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−4
𝑥 4 (𝑚4 − 6𝑚3 + 11𝑚2 − 6𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−4 + 6𝑥 3 (𝑚3 − 3𝑚2 + 2𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−3 + 9𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 3𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0
(𝑚4 − 6𝑚3 + 11𝑚2 − 6𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 + 6(𝑚3 − 3𝑚2 + 2𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 + 9(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 + 3𝑚𝑥 𝑚 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0
𝑚4 + 2𝑚2 + 1 = 0
(𝑚2 + 1)2 = 0
𝑚2 = −1 → 𝑚 = ±√−1 = ±𝑖
𝑦 = 𝑐1 cos(𝐿𝑛𝑥) + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝐿𝑛𝑥) + 𝑐3 cos(𝐿𝑛𝑥) 𝐿𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐4 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝐿𝑛𝑥)𝐿𝑛𝑥
23)
𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 3𝑥𝑦 ′ = 0
Se tiene que:
𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 3𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 = 0
(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 + 3𝑚𝑥 𝑚 = 0
𝑚2 + 2𝑚 = 0
0
𝑚(𝑚 + 2) = 0 → 𝑚 = {
−2
𝑦 = 𝑐1 + 𝑐2 𝑥 −2
Condiciones iniciales:
4
∎ 𝑦 ′ = −2𝑐2 𝑥 −3 → 𝑦 ′ (1) = −2𝑐2 (1) = 4 → 𝑐2 = = −2
−2
∎ 𝑦(1) = 𝑐1 + (−2)(1) = 0 → 𝑐1 = 2
La solución particular es:
𝑦 = 2 − 2𝑥 −2
24)
𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ − 5𝑥𝑦 ′ + 8𝑦 = 0
Se tiene que:
𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 − 5𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 + 8𝑥 𝑚 = 0
(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 − 5𝑚𝑥 𝑚 + 8𝑥 𝑚 = 0
𝑚2 − 6𝑚 + 8 = 0
4
(𝑚 − 4)(𝑚 − 2) = 0 → 𝑚 = {
2
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 4 + 𝑐2 𝑥 2
∎ 𝑦(2) = 𝑐1 (24 ) + 𝑐2 (22 ) = 16𝑐1 + 4𝑐2 = 32

∎ 𝑦 ′ = 4𝑐1 𝑥 3 + 2𝑐2 𝑥 → 𝑦 ′ (2) = 4𝑐1 ∗ 23 + 2𝑐2 (2) = 32𝑐1 + 4𝑐2 = 0
Se restan las dos ecuaciones:
16𝑐1 + 4𝑐2 = 32
32
−32𝑐1 − 4𝑐2 = 0 → 𝑐1 = = −2
−16
−16𝑐1 = 32
Se halla c2:
64
32(−2) + 4𝑐2 = 0 → 𝑐2 = = 16
4
𝑦 = −2𝑥 4 + 16𝑥 2
25)
𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 0
Se tiene que:
𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0
(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 + 𝑚𝑥 𝑚 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0
𝑚2 + 1 = 0
𝑚 = √−1 = ±𝑖
𝑦 = 𝑐1 cos(𝐿𝑛𝑥) + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝐿𝑛𝑥)
∎ 𝑦(1) = 𝑐1 cos(𝐿𝑛(1)) + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝐿𝑛(1)) = 𝑐1 cos(0) + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛(0) = 𝑐1 + 0 = 1 → 𝑐1 = 1

𝑐1 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝐿𝑛𝑥) 𝑐2 cos(𝐿𝑛𝑥) 1 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝐿𝑛(1)) 𝑐2 cos(𝐿𝑛(1))
∎ 𝑦′ = − + → 𝑦 ′ (1) = − + =2
𝑥 𝑥 1 1
→ 𝑦 ′ (1) = 𝑆𝑒𝑛(0) + 𝑐2 cos(0) = 0 + 𝑐2 = 2 → 𝑐2 = 2
𝑦 = cos(𝐿𝑛𝑥) + 2𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝐿𝑛𝑥)
26)
𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ − 3𝑥𝑦 ′ + 4𝑦 = 0
Se tiene que:
𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 − 3𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 + 4𝑥 𝑚 = 0
(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 − 3𝑚𝑥 𝑚 + 4𝑥 𝑚 = 0
𝑚2 − 4𝑚 + 4 = 0
(𝑚 − 2)2 = 0 → 𝑚=2
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 2 + 𝑐2 𝑥 2 𝐿𝑛𝑥
∎ 𝑦(1) = 𝑐1 + 𝑐2 𝐿𝑛(1) = 𝑐1 + 0 = 5 → 𝑐1 = 5
∎ 𝑦 ′ = 2𝑐1 𝑥 + 𝑐2 (𝑥 + 2𝑥𝐿𝑛𝑥) → 𝑦 ′ (1) = 2𝑐1 + 𝑐2 (1 + 2 ∗ 1 ∗ 𝐿𝑛(1)) = 2𝑐1 + 𝑐2 (1)) = 3
→ 𝑦 ′ (1) = 2𝑐1 + 𝑐2 = 2 ∗ 5 + 𝑐2 = 3 → 𝑐2 = 3 − 10 = −7
𝑦 = 5𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 2 𝐿𝑛𝑥
EJERCICIOS 4.9
1)
 Se comprueba y1:
𝑦1 = 𝑒 𝑥 → 𝑦′ = 𝑒 𝑥 → 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑒 𝑥
Entonces:
(𝑦 ′′ )2 = 𝑦 2
(𝑒 𝑥 )2 = (𝑒 𝑥 )2
Y1 es solución de la ED.
𝑦2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 → 𝑦 ′ = −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 → 𝑦 ′′ = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
Entonces:
(𝑦 ′′ )2 = 𝑦 2
(−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)2 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)2 → cos 2 𝑥 = cos 2 𝑥
 Se comprueba y = c1y1 + c2y2:
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 → 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑐2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
Entonces:
(𝑦 ′′ )2 = 𝑦 2
(𝑐1 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑐2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)2 = (𝑐1 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)2
Y NO es solución de la ED.
2)
𝑦1 = 1 → 𝑦′ = 0 → 𝑦 ′′ = 0
Entonces:
1
𝑦𝑦 ′′ = (𝑦 ′ )2
2
1
(1)(0) = (0)2 → 0=0
2
𝑦2 = 𝑥 2 → 𝑦 ′ = 2𝑥 → 𝑦 ′′ = 2
Entonces:
1
𝑦𝑦 ′′ = (𝑦 ′ )2
2
1
(𝑥 2 )(2) = (2𝑥)2 → 2𝑥 2 = 2𝑥 2
2
 Se comprueba y = c1y1 + c2y2:
𝑦 = 𝑐1 + 𝑐2 𝑥 2 → 𝑦 ′ = 2𝑐2 𝑥 → 𝑦 ′′ = 2𝑐2
Entonces:
1
𝑦𝑦 ′′ = (𝑦 ′ )2
2
1
(𝑐1 + 𝑐2 𝑥 2 )(2𝑐2 ) = (2𝑐2 𝑥)2 → 2𝑐1 𝑐2 + 2𝑐22 𝑥 2 = 2𝑐22 𝑥 2
2
Y NO es solución de la ED.
3)
𝑦 ′′ + (𝑦 ′ )′′ + 1 = 0
Se tiene:
𝑑𝑢
𝑢 = 𝑦′ → 𝑢′ = = 𝑦′′
𝑑𝑥
Entonces:
𝑑𝑢
+ 𝑢2 + 1 = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
∫ = ∫ −𝑑𝑥
(𝑢2 + 1)
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑢) = −𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑢 = tan(𝑐 − 𝑥)
𝑑𝑦
= tan(𝑐 − 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ tan(𝑐 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑦 = 𝐿𝑛|cos(−𝑥 + 𝑐1 )| + 𝑐2
4)
𝑦 ′′ = (𝑦 ′ )′′ + 1
Se tiene:
𝑑𝑢
𝑢 = 𝑦′ → 𝑢′ = = 𝑦′′
𝑑𝑥
Entonces:
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑢2 + 1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑢2 + 1)
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑢) = 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑢 = tan(𝑥 + 𝑐)
𝑑𝑦
= tan(𝑥 + 𝑐)
𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ tan(𝑥 + 𝑐)𝑑𝑥
𝑦 = −𝐿𝑛|cos(𝑥 + 𝑐1 )| + 𝑐2
5)
𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + (𝑦 ′ )′′ = 0
Se tiene:
𝑑𝑢
𝑢 = 𝑦′ → 𝑢′ = = 𝑦′′
𝑑𝑥
Entonces:
𝑑𝑢
𝑥2 + 𝑢2 = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
∫ 2
= −∫ 2
𝑢 𝑥
1 1
− = + 𝑐1
𝑢 𝑥
𝑥
𝑢=−
1 + 𝑐1 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
=−
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑐1 𝑥
𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ − 𝑑𝑥
1 + 𝑐1 𝑥
1
𝑦=− (1 + 𝑐1 𝑥 − 𝐿𝑛|1 + 𝑐1 𝑥|) + 𝑐2
𝑐12
6)
(𝑦 + 1)𝑦 ′′ = (𝑦 ′ )2
Se tiene:
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
𝑢 = 𝑦′ → 𝑢′ = 𝑦 ′′ = = ∗ = ∗𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
Entonces:
𝑑𝑢
(𝑦 + 1) ∗ 𝑢 = 𝑢2
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
∫ =∫
𝑢 𝑦+1
𝐿𝑛(𝑢) = 𝐿𝑛(𝑦 + 1) + 𝑐
𝑢 = (𝑦 + 1)𝑒 𝑐 = (𝑦 + 1)𝑐1
𝑑𝑦
= (𝑦 + 1)𝑐1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
∫ = ∫ 𝑐1 𝑑𝑥
𝑦+1
𝐿𝑛(𝑦 + 1) = 𝑐1 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦 + 1 = 𝑒 𝑐1 𝑥+𝐶 = 𝑒 𝑐1 𝑥 ∗ 𝑒 𝐶 = 𝑒 𝑐1 𝑥 ∗ 𝑐2
𝑦 = 𝑐2 𝑒 𝑐1 𝑥 − 1
7)
𝑦 ′′ + 2𝑦(𝑦 ′ )3 = 0
Se tiene:
𝑢 = 𝑦′ → 𝑢′ = 𝑦 ′′ = = ∗ = ∗𝑢
Entonces:
𝑑𝑢
𝑢 + 2𝑦𝑢3 = 0
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑢
𝑢 = −2𝑦𝑢3
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑢
∫ = −2 ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑦
𝑢2
1
− = −𝑦 2 + 𝑐
𝑢
1 1
𝑢= = 2
𝑦2 − 𝑐 𝑦 + 𝑐1
𝑑𝑦 1
= 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑐1
∫(𝑦 2 + 𝑐1 )𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑦3
+ 𝑐1 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑐2
3
8)
𝑦 2 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑦′
Se tiene:
𝑢 = 𝑦′ → 𝑢′ = 𝑦 ′′ = = ∗ = ∗𝑢
Entonces:
𝑑𝑢
𝑦 2 (𝑢 )=𝑢
𝑑𝑦
1
∫ 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑑𝑦
𝑦2
1
𝑢 = − + 𝑐1
𝑦
𝑑𝑦 1 −1 + 𝑐1 𝑦
= − + 𝑐1 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑦
𝑦
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑐1 𝑦 − 1
1
(𝑐1 𝑦 − 1 + 𝐿𝑛|𝑐1 𝑦 − 1|) = 𝑥 + 𝑐2
𝑐12
9)
𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦𝑦′ = 0
Se tiene:
𝑢 = 𝑦′ → 𝑢′ = 𝑦 ′′ = = ∗ = ∗𝑢
Entonces:
𝑑𝑢
𝑢 + 𝑦𝑢 = 0
𝑑𝑦
∫ 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ −𝑦𝑑𝑦
𝑦2
𝑢=− +𝑐
2
𝑑𝑦 𝑦2 −𝑦 2 + 2𝑐 𝑦 2 + 𝑐1
=− +𝑐 = =−
𝑑𝑥 2 2 2
1 1
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑦2 + 𝑐1 2
1 𝑦 1
arctan ( )=− 𝑥+𝐶
√𝑐1 √𝑐1 2
𝑦 √𝑐1
arctan ( )=− 𝑥 + 𝑐2
√𝑐1 2
√𝑐1
𝑦 = √𝑐1 tan (− 𝑥 + 𝑐2 ) → 𝑠𝑙𝑛. 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑙.
2
Se tiene:
√𝑐1 1
∎ 𝑦(0) = √𝑐1 tan (− (0) + 𝑐2 ) = √𝑐1 tan(𝑐2 ) = 1 → 𝑐1 =
2 tan2 (𝑐2 )
𝑐1 √𝑐1 𝑐1 √𝑐1 𝑐1
∎𝑦 =− sec 2 (− 𝑥 + 𝑐2 ) → 𝑦 ′ (0) = − sec 2 (− (0) + 𝑐2 ) = − sec 2(𝑐2 ) = −1
2 2 2 2 2
Se remplaza C1:
1
− sec 2(𝑐2 ) = −1 → sec 2(𝑐2 ) = 2 tan2 (𝑐2 ) → 1 + tan2 (𝑐2 ) = 2 tan2 (𝑐2 )
2 tan2 (𝑐2 )
𝜋
→ tan2 (𝑐2 ) = 1 → 𝑐2 = arctan(1) =
4
Se halla c1:
1
𝑐1 = 𝜋 =1
tan2 (4 )
La solución para el problema de valor inicial es:
√1 𝜋 𝜋 𝑥
𝑦 = √1 tan (− 𝑥+ ) → 𝑦 = tan ( − )
2 4 4 2
10)
(𝑦 ′′ )2 + (𝑦 ′ )2 = 1
Se tiene:
𝑑𝑢
𝑢 = 𝑦′ → 𝑢′ = = 𝑦′′
𝑑𝑥
Entonces:
𝑑𝑢 2
( ) + 𝑢2 = 1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= √1 − 𝑢2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1 − 𝑢2
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑢) = 𝑥 + 𝑐1
𝑢 = sen(𝑥 + 𝑐1 )
𝑑𝑦
= sen(𝑥 + 𝑐1 )
𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ sen(𝑥 + 𝑐1 )𝑑𝑥
𝑦 = − cos(𝑥 + 𝑐1 ) + 𝑐2 → 𝑠𝑙𝑛. 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑙.
Se tiene:
𝜋 𝜋 √3 √3 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
∎ 𝑦 ′ = sen(𝑥 + 𝑐1 ) → 𝑦 ′ ( ) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( + 𝑐1 ) = → 𝑐1 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( )− = − = −
2 2 2 2 2 3 2 6
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 1 1 𝜋 𝜋 1 𝜋 1 1
∎ 𝑦 ( ) = − cos ( − ) + 𝑐2 = → 𝑐2 = + cos ( − ) = + cos ( ) = + = 1
2 2 6 2 2 2 6 2 3 2 2
Una solución particular es:
𝜋
𝑦 = − cos (𝑥 − ) + 1 → 𝑠𝑙𝑛. 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟.
6

Ecuaciones Diferenciales No Lineales

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ecuaciones Diferenciales No Lineales

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

EJERCICIOS 4.

𝑦 = 𝑥𝑚 → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 → 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑚(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 𝑚−2 = (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2

𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 − 2𝑥 𝑚 = 0

La solución general es:

𝑦 = 𝑥𝑚 → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 → 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑚(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 𝑚−2 = (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2

4𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0

La solución general es:

𝑦 = 𝑥𝑚 → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 → 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑚(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 𝑚−2 = (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2

𝑥(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 = 0

(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−1 + 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 = 0

La solución general es:

𝑦 = 𝑥𝑚 → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 → 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑚(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 𝑚−2 = (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2

𝑥(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 − 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 = 0

La solución general es:

𝑦 = 𝑥𝑚 → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 → 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑚(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 𝑚−2 = (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2

𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 + 4𝑥 𝑚 = 0

La solución general es:

𝑦 = 𝑥 0 [𝑐1 cos(2𝐿𝑛𝑥) + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝐿𝑛𝑥)] → 𝑦 = 𝑐1 cos(2𝐿𝑛𝑥) + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝐿𝑛𝑥)

𝑦 = 𝑥𝑚 → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 → 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑚(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 𝑚−2 = (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2

𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 5𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 + 3𝑥 𝑚 = 0

(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 + 5𝑚𝑥 𝑚 + 3𝑥 𝑚 = 0

La solución general es:

𝑦 = 𝑥𝑚 → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 → 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑚(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 𝑚−2 = (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2

𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 − 3𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 − 2𝑥 𝑚 = 0

(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 − 3𝑚𝑥 𝑚 − 2𝑥 𝑚 = 0

4 ± √16 − 4(1)(−2) 4 ± √24 4 ± 2√6 2 − √6

La solución general es:

𝑦 = 𝑥𝑚 → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 → 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑚(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 𝑚−2 = (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2

𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 3𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 − 4𝑥 𝑚 = 0

(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 + 3𝑚𝑥 𝑚 − 4𝑥 𝑚 = 0

−2 ± √4 − 4(1)(−4) −2 ± √20 −2 ± 2√5 −1 − √5

La solución general es:

𝑦 = 𝑥𝑚 → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 → 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑚(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 𝑚−2 = (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2

25𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 25𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0

25(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 + 25𝑚𝑥 𝑚 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0

𝑦 = 𝑥𝑚 → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 → 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑚(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 𝑚−2 = (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2

4𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 4𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0

4(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 + 4𝑚𝑥 𝑚 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0

La solución general es:

𝑦 = 𝑥𝑚 → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 → 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑚(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 𝑚−2 = (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2

𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 5𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 + 4𝑥 𝑚 = 0

(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 + 5𝑚𝑥 𝑚 + 4𝑥 𝑚 = 0

La solución general es:

𝑦 = 𝑥𝑚 → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 → 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑚(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 𝑚−2 = (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2

𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 8𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 + 6𝑥 𝑚 = 0

(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 + 8𝑚𝑥 𝑚 + 6𝑥 𝑚 = 0

La solución general es:

𝑦 = 𝑥𝑚 → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 → 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑚(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 𝑚−2 = (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2

𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 − 𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 + 2𝑥 𝑚 = 0

La solución general es:

𝑦 = 𝑥[𝑐1 cos(𝐿𝑛𝑥) + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝐿𝑛𝑥)]

𝑦 = 𝑥𝑚 → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 → 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑚(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 𝑚−2 = (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2

3𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 6𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0

3(𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 + 6𝑚𝑥 𝑚 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0

La solución general es:

𝑦 = 𝑥𝑚 → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 → 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑚(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 𝑚−2 = (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2

2𝑥 2 (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2 + 𝑥𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0

La solución general es:

𝑦 = 𝑥𝑚 → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 → 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑚(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 𝑚−2 = (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−2

→ 𝑦 ′′′ = (𝑚2 − 𝑚)(𝑚 − 2)𝑥 𝑚−3 = (𝑚3 − 3𝑚2 + 2𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−3

𝑥 3 (𝑚3 − 3𝑚2 + 2𝑚)𝑥 𝑚−3 − 6𝑥 𝑚 = 0

(𝑚3 − 3𝑚2 + 2𝑚)𝑥 𝑚 − 6𝑥 𝑚 = 0

Por división sintética se tiene: