PU a aa Unit 1 1 is doing don't see 2 doesn't get 3 are getting 4 go turn 5 does float 6 are getting 7 doesn't eat 8 aren't listening 9 walks 10 are phoning 11 Do order 12 are walking 13 has 14 GES 15 is always telling 16 doesn't wear does wear/wears spots 1 always 2. present 3. moment 4 being 5 rarely 6 every 7. most/much/some 8 never 9 time 10 right 11 time 12 days 13. whenever/when/if 14 for 15. I/That 1 are you doing 2 Im just doing 3. Hows it going 4 it's going well 5 Im looking 6 Im contacting 7. mum drives 8 she says 9 itdoesn't 10 she doesn't need 11 What's happening 12. Do you have 13. I don't even have 14 I'm not really working 15 16 eNOmseNnH on RwWRH @ tim trying don't you do | don't like that focuses That sounds Do you think means only costs doesn't matter tim ringing | recognise does the nut cake contain {really don't agree aren't you playing doesn't concern resemble you're not watching does not exist includes We're having involves am looking looks do feel doesn't feel/isn't feeling are considering _doconsider are having Do have appeals are appealing doesn't smell are smelling ‘am depending depends is are being/are do think is thinking is seeing see has been written haven't ve broken ‘come haven't you told has lived/nas been living filled been following seen heard caught been thinking been driving been standing worked/been working, Ive sent off you've ever eaten We've been waiting have you been Have you just received we haven't got We've been expecting they haven't shown up I've been drawing up got Have you had mum's been meaning Thaven't just recently since already so until already/just for already ever yet before since still for just yet have Since been meant/involved led not do is appears/seems are There does becoming are has 281282 Unit 2 pessimistic biased dubious naive plausible batfle assess justify estimate presume OYRHAWYH BM SomrimHEuNnH B grasp deliberating gather concentrate considering/contemplating reckon/suppose suppose pondered/considered/ contemplated contemplate/consider dilemma faith genius guesswork bhunchintuition ideology inspiration intuition query notion paradox ES eovsTsunH @ Sho. sfoviniss ns | BO000>a>00 ose m aero CoVansens © Sevawne @ wHrvEusUENnH wm mo think up with up to up on come to up on make out reading straight mental impression brains sense dream consideration against in have of view mind Sowmvsamsun+o6 never crossed my mind come to/arrived at/reached the conclusion give an account of gave the false impression strike a balance between out of consideration for bell hairs what wits head two bend stock dark wood uptake leg confusion irrationally brilliance definitive inexplicable disbelief indecisive imaginary insanity illogical concept assumption undoubtedly/doubtless unthinkable nonsense conviction wisdom reasoning judgtelment opinionatedReview 1 Swoovaneenn BS Fe S 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 explanation definition assumption Logically reasonable thought confusion concept undoubtedly sensible forget to take Darren's views into account/forget to take into account Darren's views/forget to take account of Darren's views does she come up with is still under the impression have you made up your mind/ have you made your mind up in the (mistaken) belief is out of the question you've (now) come to your senses you are under the misapprehension wits wood bell head dark bend leg uptake piece take think over come to figure swot o@oo> Unit 3 told Did you meet had become got has been had have finished were gave haven't worked were never allowed sent BO Boaniowstion= By B 1 were passing 2 stopped 3. was reading 4 had 5. was getting 6 Was thinking 7 did swim 8 attracted 9 was put 10. was working 11 arrived 12. was created 1 started 2. were/had been working 3 was getting 4 was raining 5 was traveling 6 went 7 was waiting 8 saw 9. was wearing 10 reminded 11 opened 12. took 13 checked 14 looked 15. made 16 meant 17 pressed 18 appeared 19 have kidnapped 20 have completed 21 disappeared/was disappearing 22 raced NOORERE M OrVTZOSURHK GD Seoworvannwne a told is/nas been knew had never visited put rang saw passed have been exerci was chatting have been practising have been seeing wasr't sleeping was thinking have been digging 1g had left met had seen was had ever been said had had had finished asked had just reached told had done decided didn't want had just cleaned was had forgotten got had read got seemed have become has spread has been missed have become | had been working for ‘would often take us has been learning Russian for about soon got used to being have been having the same dream never used to enjoy 283284 1 3 1 has : 2 have 7 3 used ; 4 wes 3 5 had | 6 wes 10 7 would a 8 had 12 9 used is 10. been B 15 - 16 1D 2A D 3C ac > 5B ; 6A 3 70 : 88 8 9c ¢ 10 B Z WA 7 12 A 2 Unit 4 E a 1 1 endure 2 2 shift 3 3 innovation 4 4. potential 5 5 mature 6 6 switched 7 7. progress 8 8 substitute 9 9 decay 10 10 modified F Bi 1 1c 2 2A 3 3.8 4 aA 5 5D 6 6B 7 7¢ 8 8D 9A G 10 D uc A 1A A 4 a 5 1 reformed 6 2 revise distorted amended maintain remain adjust adapt alternate alternative persist sustain converted transformed spoil deteriorate network broadband primitive nuclear console technique v data resource programmer manual electronics downloading files upload complex online Click offline change out of faded away test out back up used up doing away with key doup switch on took apart. changed around turns into/changes into wore out turns into/changes into/turned into/changed into DORUNE BR eVAasenH mixed up made/tured into take up cheer up brush up make up tidy up v bring up dress up V turn up break demand/need know surfing/on link changed at/behind access good energy date tool from good tool make deal know from place make at use reality place purpose clock form process led break the mould hhad a change of heart turned over a new leaf reinventing the wheel stick to your guns a leopard can't change its spots7 changed your tune/had a change of heart 8 the tools of the trade 9 all mod cons 10 knows inside out M ccontinyal/continuous/continuing evolving revolutionary flexibility adjustments. adaptable influential capability unaltered electrifying changeable maturity modernised persistently endurance processed rearrange renewable conversion irreplaceable Sworvsuewne B SworvdHHsene Review 2 > enduring revolutionised alternative replacement capability/capabilities processor electricity modernise persistently discontinued Secorvausuns B 11 saw 12. had already seen 13 had heard 14 used to 15 was 16 was always getting 17 had been playing 18 were used to cooking c 19 we did up 20. the use of me/my offering 21. turned over a new leaf since 22. no good complaining to me about 23. working against the clock 24 became a reality 25. mix Sean up with /mix up Sean with 26 change places with/swap places with/trade places with D 27 in 28 in 29 to 30. for 31 at 32 on 33. on 34 non E 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Unit 5 o0>>0000 A 1 going to fall 2 going to be 3 going/going to go 4 going to get 5 going to realise 6 opening/going to open 7 having/going to have 8 going to fall 9. applying/going to apply 10 discussing/going to discuss 11_being/going to be 12 going to be 13. handing/going to hand 14 going to become 15 going to have we're visiting will answer does your plane arrive/is your plane arriving? im looking Shall Are you going to leaves/is leaving soos 8 shall 9 Iwon't have 10 is she going to c 1 Mhcome 2 will you show 3. it's going to snow/it'l snow 4 We're going to/Welll miss 5. The winner will be/is going to be/is being/is announced tim going (to go) They won't sack/They're not going to sack/They aren't sacking/won't be sacking 8 Is Jenny going to find/Asn't Jenny going to find/Will Jenny find/Won't Jenny find 9. Iwor't be/'m not going to be 10. The new version will be/is ‘going to be/is (being) launched 11 Morder 12. some people will be made/ some people are going to be made/ some people are being made 13. does the train leave/will the train leave/is the train leaving/ is the train going to leave will have been We'll have become Ii have been taking/ll have been taken will you already have had You'll have been driving will have been appointed won't have finished won't have been expecting/ won't have been expected 10 V uv 12. won't all have been delivered Rone @ wCorvan 1 Ed will have applied 2 hopefully be running 3. welllhave lived/we'll have been living Will Gemma already have arrived you won't have been travelling/ be travelling youll have had/ be having Well be waiting 1,000 people will have been jumping/1,000 people will have jumped os No 285286 10 u 12 onsen = The boys will be signing/ The boys will have been signing will you be interviewing Terry won't have seen will you be doing We won't be seeing the bell rings/has rung ‘Alimed asks the questions/is asking the questions you've been a trainee for three months Mr Dawkins is recording/ records the interviews (soon as) the sales figures come in you've worked for us for over ‘a year/been working for us for over a year they start selling in much larger quantities am offered a contract (by the publishing company)/have been offered a contract (by the publishing company) arrive will be shown have given/give will be taken/ will be shown are waiting/wait are called will last will be recorded/are recorded is will be destroyed/are destroyed will be notified is drawn up/has been drawn up is just about to are (just) on the point of deciding am due to give (just) about to go aren't on the verge of (having) are the inspectors due (to arrive) not to tell was would was had Were was were would/should/might were to © wil have soon/long, happens wil stil be working be doing 11 while 12 are 13. become 14 been 15 by Sewrvd H¥s4on%H & eUdGaene >aorooBe Unit 6 > temporary timely seasonal punctual simultaneous obsolete provisional overdue euaaaune era spell century millennium, frequency stint/spell span phase wo>>aDD>DaD>>oe multinational marketing consultant executive effective efficient redundant leave strike fire heaghunted sacked civil sector prospects promotion colleagues union recruit B>Do0FDO take on ended up kick off while away lies ahead knuckle downRe wvTOMsunH = Soovar = Bw yo WVAMRUNH R knock off dived in coffin on as any of out if/whether By put an end to/put a stop to is the only person ever to/is the only one ever to made a start (on/at) sorting I just take a second to/you just give me a second to like (it’s been) ages since/like it was ages ago when this moment in time made a good job of painting now day about moment age office course on donkey's, time other nick being moon for time spur hat good stiteh expectations outlast employee competitors applicants periodically endless timeless futuristic eventuality counterproductive/unproductive CS emvamswne counterintelligence countermeasures counterbalance/counteract counteroffensive/counterattack counterpart counteract counterculture counterattack a coincidence/coincidental momentous antiquated competitive productivity management workers unemployment jobless 10. untimely 11 historians WONDER O© BYAUEYNH B Review 3 Workers overtime management/managers productivity/production competitive employer employees Periodically antiquated inapplicable Sweovaneenn 11 worked like magic 12 got off to a flying start 13 (every) now and again 14 put an end/bring an end 15 in this day and age 16 (just) on the point of leaving 17 will (only/just) take me a second to 18 at the drop of a hat c 19 under 20 over 21up 22on 23 away 24 off 25 ahead/on 26 off D 27 Milbe lazing 28y 29 Shall /Should | 30 she gets/she's got 31y 32 I'm going to be 33 welll decide 3a 350 36C 37A 38B 39C 40A 410 420 Unit 7 was issued Has ... been confirmed had been invited was invented was discussed was invaded being treated were shown TiswaTaumae i were found to be shown were asked being given were written osene 287288 NOOewNHK @ SearimuseNnH @ Sowrva oom HM Semvausens © is lit/has been lt, being allowed to be met was made to be known to be caused are estimated has been reported to have used is calculated are understood to eat were meant It to be delivered has been called was sold being named/naving been named was transported was granted (should/could/ought to) be built | will have been in training as/to be an accountant for a/one year has been under consideration (by the council) for some time have been in progress for over two weeks will be on display at the library this weekend seems to have been under construction for a long time v it delivered checked Vv got come work itrunning to come out v get your teacher to explain/ have your teacher explain ‘got me feeling/had me feeling get a professional to do/nave a wan 10 Semi) HsUNne BSweovd Heer & professional do Having our car stolen/Getting ‘our car stolen get your parents to help/have your parents help got us all dancing/ad us all dancing to get me to do/to have me do having your hair cut got Karen to show/had Karen show getting their essays written/ having their essays written was kept waiting being considered a star is reported to be making/is said to be making/has been reported to be making staff were/was provided with extra training by this computer program explaining to has been under construction Craig was made to stay/they got Craig to stay have him send woUFD0OF00 being are in/under is with be been has have be Unit 8 A 1 grabbed 2 fumbled 3 clutching 4 pointed 5 waved 6 punched 7. gestured/pointed 8 clenched 9 grasped 10 crept 11 hop 12 jog 13. step 14 dashed 15. crawl 16 marched 17 strode/stepped 18 leapt 19 skipped 20. drifting 21 roam 22 wandered 23. slipped 24 slide 25 tripped 26 skidded 1 clambered ascended descend 2 gliding velocity accelerate flow sinking approached migrates float route bounce roll rotates emigrated immigrants refugees aaw commute carriage airline charter destinations legroom stewards jet lag eyOakenH o@ quay piers pedestrians passersby steer pilot Donen @WONDORUNH BE VORNE M BYE US wRE TH BES hitchhiker hikers round trip return fare load cargo on off over aside off up out behind pulled over held back walked out stop off creep up slipped away moving in went astray ‘get a move on fell in love did it in a rush/wrote it in a rush jump at the chance backs onto raise your hopes went and told fly at get it out of the way/get that out of the way keep track of drop me at get them wet came raise at open rush go raise 9 0 J 1 drove 2 head 3. come 4 steady 5 point 6 tured 7. followed 8 runing K 1 crow 2 middle 3. beeline 4 tracks 5 track 6 nose 7 bearings 8 stone's 9 route 0 take upper inaccessible mobility overcome undergone progressively rapidly landing movernent withstand B Soovaurun- B steadily impassable ongoing speedy outstanding stability transition motionless Swonurwe BZ evdasewne dehydrate deregulate decaffeinated demotivate desensitise deform devalue Noasen @ Review 4 Sowvousune B 11 comeback 12. unsteady 13 moving 14 passage 15. progressive 16. destabilised 17 notwithstanding 18 speeding 19 running 20 raise 21. point 22 jumped 23 follow 24 fell 25 turn 26 go 27 was given the ball by 28 are reported to have been 29° not to fall behind 30 has been cordoned off by 31. had a friend of ours fix 32. makes a point of welcoming 33 soon had the audience laughing 34. get this work out of the way 28935 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 @rawsa00 Unit 9 290 couldn't could can/could could I'd be able to/\ could could can't/won't be able to managed to go/have gone be able to will humans be able to may have caught Can't could/was able to May/Can were allowed to do feel to recover invite have to sit/to eat eat/have speak to work have stood be provided have gone get have given had should might/may better will would might/could/should werner ge ow Hom Somvausens m ov 10 ul 12 Ree better see would forget wouldn't might have invited/could have invited/ought to have invited/ should have invited ‘oughtn't to have bought/ shouldn't have bought wil/do won't/don't might as well see/may as well see Hadn't you probably ought have asked needn't have needn't had doesn't wilt have has must got don't have to pay/don't need to ay/needn't pay have to be kept/need to be kept/must be kept doesn't have to be picked up/ doesn't need to be picked up/ needn't be picked up/doesn't need picking up won't have to rely/won't need torely must be sent off/will have to be sent off/need to be sent off/need sending off had to get/needed to get Did you have to make/Did you need to make mustn't believe dlidr't have to put/didn't need to put do farmers have to get up/do farmers need to get up/must farmers get up to have to commute needn't have done to done ought/claims do to got must/should/dare need/might had/needed/wanted well will be should should/need had BEBSESwmr8.H That! be can't must can't/couldn't wouldn't may/might might have landed might Bwomrvonswen may not have been/gone/might not have been/gone 2 may well have been lying/might well have been lying 3. must have been awarded the medal ‘ought not to have arrived will the winner definitely not have been may well have been couldn't be/can't be NO os es Semvansens Saroogm000 Unit 10 exaggerating contradicted boast flattering Rone BwownaRenn Sowrvanewne @ Swowrvaucsune asserted insist alleged utter confide confirm disclosed convey murmuring stumbles stuttering mumble raving scribbling quibbling rants tip clarification ist context jargon ‘comprehend vague ‘ambiguous inkling illegible denounce blunt petition prerecorded correspondent spine anchor coverage trailer caption footnote broadcast pamphlet novelist, supplements subtitles manifesto handbook columnist, critic reviewer tabloid ghostwriters eNonsen m Bevause @ wvEeMser mn worvousene = BS asen o wre e pass on blurted out tak round get across talked over speak out shouted down dry up let comes gets came put set caught get without between out to for In to on over 1 to tell the difference between the articles and take it as read (that) talk the editor out of publishing got into an argument with Terry come to an understanding/ reach an understanding have a discussion with Phil about this speak word speaking Nous BES covaueunn By é wovaurenn g Swoevomsune record notice book answer ‘mouth posted tales volumes grapevine chest cards hat clean word rift stick expressionless publicity unspeakably wording talkative exclamation typecast suggestible uunprintable insistent overcooked/overdone overdressed overspent overexcited overstepped overgrown overweight overpriced 291292 7 18 19 20 ai 22 23 24 25 26 a7 28 saying outspoken declaration meaningless writings editor rephrase statement implication hearsay orwoorcc0D am notin my dad's good books/ am in my dad's bad books goes without saying reading between the lines on speaking terms not have talked Adrian into lying ‘must have hiad 2 word (with Bob) about/would have had a word (with Bob) about/will have had a word (with Bob) about have got the wrong end of the stick don't need to give me your word/don't have to give me your word editorship hearsay implications an understatement talkative an unwritten exclamation expressly out round 29 over c 30 on 1 31 out 2 32 up 3 33. out ; 34 down 5 6 E 7 35 A 8 36 A 9 37D 10 38 C ul 39 B 12 40 0 al A D 428 1 2 3 Unit 11 a 5 A 6 11 7 24 8 30D 9 4A 10 5G 1 6B 12 7H gc E OF ii 10 € 2 3 B 4 1 had got me a birthday present, 9 | would have got her one 7 2 hadn't made a mistake with our 4 order, we would have paid them on time F the climate wasn't/weren't undergoing such radical 1 changes, scientists wouldn't be 2 so worried 3 California have become an 4 important area if they hadn't 5 found gold there 6 wasn'/weren't for the sunset, 7 tourists wouldn't be attracted/ 8 go to that place 9 hadn't been a traffic jam on the 10 motorway, | wouldn't have been late for my interview G you, | would use a sunblock and 1 then you wouldn't go red had been paying attention to ‘the road, the accident wouldn't have happened hadn't done would have had asked are booked/have been booked have/will have get/have got have happened had been wander not have been hadn't started have happened be Should Had they not had worked have be worrying had he not Were we not had gone should Should you not were so. long provided unless, case suppose otherwise condition it been to But if should were for had should/do ‘won the contract if it hadn't been for Debbie's fantastic presentation/won the contract, had it not been for Debbie's fantastic presentationthe eventual arrival of the ferry, 2 fight would have broken out ‘amongst the passengers for the driver's quick reaction, (some of) the passengers would have been injured Wendy turns up soon, well have to cancel the meeting not for his daughters visits, Mr Jones would be vite lonely you need it, here's my phone number you are back by midnight, you can go/you agree to be back by midnight, you can go not been for Officer Hughes, the robbers would have escaped orao0crmon0 it were would was were would/could if are/get not/never had had for itnot been for (that) there are no changes to you to apply now | would have offered in case it gets if not for having/ not having people seen this film ten years ago on condition that Unit 12 foresee gamble mutated attributed started fluctuate determine wobble pick meander WCOVRDORONH @ SVT RYNH M SoavdsGEwrH B oromooa> spontaneous haphazard blow mishaps freak inadvertent statistics odds jinxed 10 superstitious 11 assigned 12. ascribed 13: stray 14 random 15. caused 16 transpired 1 catastrophe 2. evacuate 3. fossil fuels 4 greenery 5 habitat 6 harvest 7. instinct 8 resource 9 tick 0 species E 1 2 agriculture crop OYOORWNE HE VOTRE M CYOURWNH HM SCorHHeYw NooRwne & wvdHMserns = famine drought appreciate exploit global warming natural disaster floods hurricanes down on up down through out up off chanced upon/came across, slip up throw out store up thrown up chanced upon/came across dug up sprung up cross off wiped off ¥ shave off gone off chop off drop off set off peel off by in by of on in in by guess every/a their the of 293294 Soo Bworanaune ff Seotouaune B avsaswne BF ovaneene ie NooRwrH oO risk of against say natural make green second pushing Pose/present pour found nature chance weather luck happens certain guess down on her luck let nature take its course out of the blue ‘come rain or shine the luck of the draw act of God ‘no rhyme or reason drew the short straw touch wood had green fingers conservation intention wildlife ecologists threatened extinction Fortunately probably insurmountable seemingly occurrence causal erosion instinctive mysterious risky assessment 8 favourable 9 elusive 10. eruption. P brainy bumpy curly guilty hairy hasty juicy lucky lumpy meaty milky scary shiny sporty spotty tasty watery wealthy Review 6 A 1. insurmountable favourable reassessment seemingly improbable wilderness threatened extinction ecological mysterious Swovansun 11 hadn't 12. should 13 incase 14 have had 15. had been 16 Unless 17. but for 18 providing c 19 itnot been for the cost 20. put the (reason for the) failure down 21. under the weather 22 the council to stop wasting 23 let nature take its course 24 so long as they can 25 if |hadn't slipped up/had | not slipped up 26 chances of being picked D 27 at 28 by 29 At 30 at 31 in 32 as 33 to 34 on 35 36 37 38 39 40 4 42 o>>c90000 Progress Test 1: Units 1-12 Sowiv ssn B rt 12 13 4 15 16 7 18 19 20 a 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 newcomer undergone unfavourable convertible production understatement revolutionary adjustable processors, outlasts Until we have been working for oon the verge of asking were meant to be/were meant to have been have the car looked at/get the car looked at may well not have got/might well not have got oughtn't to have let/shouldn’t have let had better not forget had it not been for my dad's advice will fil unless/are going to fail unless is due to start29 30 31 32 33 35 36 37 39 a1 42 43 45 46 47 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 a 72 73 74 ‘ambiguous provisional ingenious colloquial abrupt timely 2 simultaneous take/spend into at in for time in was out as on (alround difference escaped if out/up out down on apart up up over up through impression run basis thrown process record stuck speaks/spoke come follow made take knows put eoFo0Fr0n oe @oanF00 had had Were we Had the Romans been had employed did not have hadn't (been) developed were/was did hadn't been/wasn't/weren't hadn't done had decided were/had been saying/said didn't have hadn't been invented stopped had just been told could spoke was proved /were proved /had been proved became were given/had been given woke were couldn't oro wouHsEswnH @ OVO R ese m Be RESweas sewn F BSonvanaenrn had grown up had been dragged was going/were going had been doing had had wishes was rolling/were rolling wasn't/weren't had happened did you want was looking were wondering/wondered wanted Were you planning/Did you plan Did you wish/Were you wishing Were you looking Did you want was hoping/hoped/nad hoped ‘deive did you intend/ere you intending was wondering/wondered would be paying/would pay stooped looked/were looking bought todo started to get up were given to be made was allowed to go learnt/were learning to toccall had Iicame back you didn't tell we got went was living/lived she was sent/were sent we didn't talk/not talk you'd told have they hadn't stayed 295296 H 9 1 had 0 2. ran/were running iL 3 hade't left 1 4 didn't 5 would come c 6 sang/could sing 1 7. have gone 2 8 to speak 3 9 hope 4 10. they would give him 5 11 luck 6 12. was/had been 13 you'd been Xe 14 wasn't going 8 15. hadn't been 9 10 1 1A y 20 1 3A 2 an 3 5B 4 6c 5 7C 6 8B 7 8 J 9 1 would rather not be given 10 2 only we had got/e had only got 3 wish they'd stop 3 4 I could have seen 1 5 about time they brought 2 6 if Cynthia hadn't rung ; 4 Unit 14 5 6 A 7 1A 8 28 9 3A 4c £ 5B 6c 3 7C 3 8D ; 5 a 6 1 average 7 2 quantity 3 ration 4 expand a 5 finite 1 6 vast 3 7 equidistant 5 8 imbalance 6 force uneven mass intensity/force damages compensation deduct withdraw down payment lump sum deposit speculating, debit finance interest overdraft mortgage insurance benefits Pension debt shares investment dividend up down up down away back up to out moma>roo aosune & wre R long share thin poor fat rich for load fat high breadth see Bang worth display alike thin ground short pays lot high big small go to any lengths making (such) a big deal (out) of was (completely/totally) out of his depth inno small way high and low at (great) length short fifty-ifty broad grasshopper pockets ocean barrel halves/Aifty-fifty dozen tidy even keep1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 apportion height withdrawal longevity majority magnification (repayments equidistant beneficial Brevity lengthened prolong allotted broadened considerable extent. Additionally largely extension minority depth weighty infinite put in/on @ make bring into effect encode endanger enlist enrage enthrone entomb entrap enable endear enrich enslave enforce P 1 2 3 4 5 6 enlisting enable enforce encircled endangering enlarge Review 7 A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 highlights/highlighted extent apportioned lengths ‘Additionally withdrawn inconsiderable majority 9 (re)payments 10 minority 11 skating on thin ice 12 has (got) a short temper/has (got) a short fuse 13 it pays to shop 14 got my money's worth 15. has (got) a lot (of things) on his mind 16 you had searched high and low 17. wasn't out of my depth in ‘/uith/weren't out of my depth in /with 18. hadn't drawn the short straw c 19 mortgage 20 debit 21 payment 22 sum 23 pension 24 overdraft 25 deposit 26 compensation D 27 club 28 drum 29 clocked 30 mounting 31 size 32 break 33 pay 34 buying 35 36 37 38 39 40 al 42 women >O0 Unit 15 unhappy v calm dreadful v v ooaone B Nosune Bf Soovacsene @ evarsunn oo@mamo Doser BH Somvaneene m restless spicy angry v tired hard a day frightening an experience difficult a task moving a performance good a memory tempting an offer successful a career good a pianist a gorgeous little African black leather climbing fantastic pink Russian sik ballet beautiful cream cotton wedding ugly blue foreign tiny green Amazonian lovely long white sheepskin funny red plastic horrible wide yellow dreadful short French nylon °° funnier than less reliable than a more demanding the hardest the ugliest longer Less valuable than the least observant the slightest the fewer deal far little more by considerably alittle 2977 8 9 10 G 1 2 oan on 298 auite any no good are not quite as expensive as nothing ike as committed as Richard (is) more you argue about it, the later half as expensive as is nowhere near as big as isn't nearly as adventurous as/ isn't nearly so adventurous as bigger the city, the higher was nowhere near as successful as very fairly absolutely very utterly too abit very hard hardly hard fair fairly fairly free freely free high highly high much no deal than the more far most less nothing as than OURO MkENH R [wPa00mD>0 Unit 16 pile lumps flakes blocks speck grains crumbs chips scratch 10 patted 11 polished 12 stroke 13 scrub 14 squeeze 15 crush 16 grind 17 squash 18 Tear 19. cracked 20 smashed 21. fragile 22. transparent 23 stiff 24 opaque 25 brittle 26 dense 27° hollow 28 stuffed 29 stacking 30 mould WOVH ARLYN B 1 friction solids liquid gravity 2 synthetic fabric texture 3 compacts substance mineral 4 dissolve dilute concentrate bypass construct inner city populated suburban 6 district ORwr-@ Swoon Semi 4sUunHe gD Bovnane @ WYOHRYKH BH OTE RUENH Mm evannwene & surroundings occupies urban dwell built-up highrise skyscraper skyline housing estate demolish evict structure infrastructure up up vp up down up down set up/put up Cutout water down propped up ‘come out spread out put together worn down smooth sailing on the house raw materials, the town of on the table bricks and mortar ‘out of shape precious metalOakwnH & Seorimosene = Swomrarsenr x rel 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Sworouswenn on your/the make cn/into/onto matter under(neath)/beneath way into to had foundation tough matter floor mark fold landscape jungle home town belt sticks town home street home ‘manufacturing surrounding solidity householder softly slippery/slippy metalic substantial rigidly structural analysts shelved materialised irreparably spacious residents habitable/inhabitable objections densely architectural blacken brighten broaden dampen deepen frighten harden lengthen loosen redden shorten strengthen tighten weaken widen BUIREDGN Secor ]d4onY vB widen strengthens/strengthened reddened shorten tighten brighten harden weaken woVonsens Review 8 residence surroundings solidity architectural manufacturers spacious shelves/shelving infrastructure (in)habitable residential SwowrvdsHaone B 11. considerably 12. nothing 13 near 14 hard 15 quite 16 the 17 tree 18. absolutely 19 have no foundation/are without foundation 20 keep a sharp eye on 21 ina matter of 22 23 24 25 26 D 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 E 35 36 37 38 39 40 aL 42 a great deal more experience than/a good deal more experience than of watering his statement down/of watering down his, statement smooth the way for is 0 talented a a blot on the landscape yourself/yourselves off matter on on window round opinion womoQnO> Unit 17 whose why which whose when who where which when which who which whom What — which Who 2why 3which 5S who 7 which Bwhen Qwhich 14 who c 2why 3 which 5.who 7 which Bwhen 14 who 299300 ES woromsene @ Semi 948wNH * ul 12 (which/that) we'd found whose when/that/on which (which) | really want to see you were born which What Whose car you just hit The film, which was directed by Mel Gibson, is actually in Hebrew. | bumped into Katherine the other day, which was a strange coincidence. The best man at my wedding, who used to live in Germany, has just moved to China. Warwick University, where | spent three wonderful years, is ‘one of the top ten universities in the country. That tree, which my grandfather planted 60 years ago, is an oak. Tina and Charlie, who are identical twins, are having a party this Saturday. On the Friday, when the ferry was delayed, we spent most of the day sitting in the port. Barbara, who you met at Libby’ last Thursday, used to work in the Personnel Department. Let's go to da Vinci's, where they do a great pepper steak This book, which was given to me by my great aunt, was once ‘owned by Sir Francis Drake. Why did Danny, who's totally unfit, decide to enter the marathon? Guy, whose sister is married to my brother, is now engaged to my sister. eating/having eaten having been told Given keeping/who was keeping Having seen injured Not being having made Shown/Having been shown Listening To get/Getting to make given getting/having got arrested complainingly/naving complained Having seen ‘Swimming Having applied starting Not wanting to wait Shot To make/Making wOOwFOOF0R though he (had) looked even if they start in spite of the fact (that) spite of (our) not being given/ spite of (our) not having been given as he might loudly she might have shouted as | begged (him to} though we were DORE FE wrd8]H e@o>00 which whose Having where this who/that in However made 10 Although/Though/Whereas 11 taken 12. which/that 13 Despite 14 to 15. if/when CarvTaTsuns ZB Unit 18 A 1 manners 2. behaviour 3. prevent 4 avoid 5 giggling 6 chuckled 7 grinning 8 smirking 9 glimpsed 10 glanced 11 peer 12. peep 13 fed up 14 cross 15. manoeuvre 16 tactics 1 mock 2 gloat 3 grimaceSwooidH2 Rene Swewrvonswn m BE m ooRene Y terror snap contentment neglect handle conduct agonising rejoicing acknowledge moaning disgusted resent comfort resolute glum disillusioned consequences dignity inertia apathy antidote vaccines inoculated imitation a plaster plaster diagnosis, prognosis Preventive home agony leave prescribed admitted ward consultant diagnosis administer syringe side sumb paralysis up down up over up round up out 7 8 G 1 pulled through 2 godown 3 cotton on 4 lashing out 5. blacked out 6 ward off 7. followed up 8 passed away H 1 Vo3V 4V SY 6V 1 on 2 in 3 by 4 to 5 in 6 of 7 in 8 in 9 as 10 in health quality aggressive adverse polite dire alternative Noosuene dead kind life sick laugh effect OoRUNH R a far cry from feel the benefits of the medicine/see the benefits of the medicine 3. was just acting on the sergeant’s orders 4 would cause such a violent reaction 5. treat them with a bit more respect oun he has been take ill with 6 M 1 miss 2 kicked 3 erin 4 Keep 5 handle 6 steam 7 medicine 8 arms 9 horse 10. dogs 11 milk 12. straight N 1 activist 2. derivation 3. overreact 4 sensation 5 unfolding 6 prevention 7 negligently 8 fruitless 9: impatiently 10 fruition 11. disapproval 12. disillusionment 13 neglectful 14 regretful 15. regrettable 16 discontent(ment) 17 unresponsive oO 1 unresolved 2 ineffective 3. unavoidable 4 independently 5 resolutely 6 acknowledge 7. insensitive 8 knowledge 9. resulting/resultant 0 10 handle Review 9 out to like with on of ounwens 3B 3017 over been installed F on HE lee 1 was @ cricket ball which/that 10. putting 9. was the new park fnished/had broke te vinci the new park been finished 2 which | heard Fd got into my B 10 had Keith arrived chosen university is one | will never forget 11 who /that went down badly B 3. Glynn became a social worker with/ was to help people less who /that was received badly by 1 Inno way fortunate than himself 12 caught in the act of driving 2 Not 4 the athlete wanted was to get 13. afar cry from 3. Only after through the summer without 14 with effect from 4 Onno account/Under no getting injured 15 take their own lfe circumstances 5. was (that the driver didn't see 16 in for a treat 5 Not only ‘the motorcyclist 17 keeping a straight face 6 Atno point 6 who discovered America was 18 whose parents ate upin arms 7 Little Christopher Columbus 8 Rarely 7 made me feel guity was seeing Cc 9 Under no circumstances/On no Patricia cry like that 19. insensitive account 8 we had to do was (to) decide 20 tay 10 Never where to meet 21. dependants 9° where we go camping has lots 22 disapproval c of facilities 23. activist 1 can construction continue 10 Einstein proved is/was that 24 folder 2. did the announcement affect energy and mass are basically 25. negligible 3. do you see the sare ting 26. {nition 4. did Jerry forget/nas Jerry a forgotten D 5 was asked/nad been asked 1. so 6 I checked/had checked 2 enough 3g cotoned 7. did Caroline realise 3 s0 23 cead 8 should you sign 4 such 30. passed 9 did it appear 5 so 3 pal 10 wil the space shuttle be 6 such 32, Hacked allowed 7 too 33 werd 8 enough 34 playing o 9 so 1 is/goes 1 en E 2 was Ts 8 3. was/sat 12 too 4 came ae 5 was in 38 A 6 stood 1 Thad cleared the spare room 39 ¢ 7 lay/was/sat could | wa 8 appeared/was/stood 2 had | put the phone down when 4c 3 had the Watsons moved to fag E London than 1 dol 4 did | realise (that) if 5 was Charlie who told Unit 19 3 we could 6 isit possible to buy & heey 7 one (single) question dd they A 5 was the media interest ask me/a (single) question did 1 had | sat down 6 last season was/was last they. ask me 2 season 8 no circumstances will we allow 3 y 7 is China ' 4 does the government change the French do/to the French 5. had they fished 9. was the pressure 1c 6 had the new computer system 10. was he 28 302Socousmasy oe>ooco> do is So too to such only also no Not Swemvsmsen te Unit 20 consent entitled ‘commands eliminate monarch enforce master bully authority controversy former mainstream superior reluctant subjective benign ‘vulnerable minister inferior society subject/subjected impose restrict ‘summon dominate resist liberate labelled OVATE RwWKH @ Semianswn + @ Somi sHsUNnH B 9 victimise 10 undermine ° reform institutions deterrent convicts ‘community corruption prejudice state legislation bureaucracy Swmvonmsene ms abolish charity heritage action advocate class, prosecute v alleviate immigration ormzao79 phasing opt cracking blend stand singled talk pushing OVOUAUNH M BYAHRUYNYH DM SOV SHEwNH H 2V 3¥ 5v 6V 7V BY onto as against in sere = R onsen & Seavdss esune BZ Seer smsens B SwomrmHsens BF Seorvausens gives into in having of group rule charged authority example denied law [@mram>r000 head strings law ‘thumb hand live Powers tape way book powerless institutionalised dutifully officious permissible significantly indicator/indication criminal persuasive arguably predominant hardship immoral charitable mighty 303304 6 prejudiced 7 aggressive 8 exemplary 9 governing 10 provocation 11 argumentative 12 hard 13 unofficially 14 insignificant 15. ungovernable 16 dissuade SSISTTEScmrHMHsswne oO 1 misheard/misunderstood 2. misfortune 3. misusing/mismanaging 4 miscalculated 5. misbehave 6 misspell 7 misjudged 8 misfired Review 10 > does/can/will sand not in up 10 are down not be Bowvansene u 12 13 14 15 16 V7 18 Cc 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 S 35 36 37 38 39 40 4 42 harden exempliies/exemplified demoralised powerlessness decriminalise insignificant provocation ungovernable as in to served under above down make under no circumstances are lock horns with after all bags have been checked can passengers denied me access to sooner had we arrived than have it on good authority/got it ‘on good authority, 0 much concern about the situation was gives the right woo9000> Unit 21 COUHARLNH B 10 sheep sistersinlaw fish/fishes news hair/hairs information furniture permission Physics: money ul 12 13 ua 15 20 ES env 8Tsune advice jewellery chocolate/chocolates knowledge politics Was have increased IsWas are/were is/was Is/Are need Is/Was is/was are eating is are/were is/was has gone off/is going off were bar pack piece/slice/bit drop/bit breath/bit herd pair loaf bunch gust speck/bit y flock blade/bit block/lump/bit/piece lump sheet/bit/piece work works damage damages cakes cake help helo hairs hair glass glasses arm arms woodls) wood knowledge knowledge space spaces paper papers12 13 14 BEONY BH Seorsaneune BA ev sTeewne ao eNOnewrH # Soo POWIOMEO onens & chickens chicken times time chocolate chocolates a couple of a number of alittle alittle Afew a small amount of much of Very few/Too few any/some any Only a few/Few/A few alitie/a small amount of Neither of the All/Most/Many None/Half/Each Each/Every little/not much plenty/a lot/lots a the the the an a A an the the The the (or no article) no article no article no article no article a the noarticle the a no article the the the the aan the aa a an/the every/each the great the 6a 7 EachyEvery 8 any 9 few 10 number 11 the 12 the 13 many/some/several 14 entire/whole 15 amount A 1. streamline 2 renovated 3. exacerbating/aggravating 4 evaluating 5 contaminated 6 bettered 7 enhance 8 declined 9. surpass 10. wrecked/worsened 11 cheapened 12 shambles 13. blemish B 1 exquisite 2 redeeming 3 rusty 4 inadequate 5. shoddy 6 detective 7 rotten 8 prime 9 invaluable 10 satisfactory 11. stale 12. detrimental 13 ultimate 14 sound 15. ideal 16 firstrate 17 optimum c 1 bestseller 2. paperback lines lyrics recital score retrospective curator worthless wwvdTaTaw 10 u 12 ° ONVOUSWNH MM eVousuenH eVousens Sonwanewne & aonene priceless jobs works masterpieces installations auction sketches fine items abstract period brush written stands pick check scraped touch make messed patched Papered run ssmartened wasted make nice head fine best brand enemy blood work down best fresh clean style old better 305TEREDSESeavousonn B Sowvaonsune 306 worse in bottom/neart to made worst quality form at its, fine word pride sight heel world par show tine top fuel whistle edge classics inimitable destruction admiration impressionable perfectionist idealist inadequacy worthwhile valuation declassified awesome worthy artefacts/artifacts/artworks terrifying reusable qualitative classified impressive improvement terrific collector's/collectable artificial Collectors unused imperfections strengths ul 12 13 14 15 16 valuable worthless matching imitation(s) indestructible goods ax Le x Review 11 Somionewenr ant 12 13 14 15 16 7 18 19 20 au 22 23 24 25 26 show out up new stand at down in/with out pride a fine line from the bottom of my heart the best of my knowledge make myself clear/make it clear/make (clear) exactly what | mean (clear) is getting on top of have (got) a (completely) clear conscience get to the bottom of took a turn for the worse pick write run(s) touch smartening livened/brightened scrape brighten D 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 E 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 artificial classifieds perfectionist destruction strengthened imitation valuables goodwill oromaaa0 Unit 23 allowing to get having sleeping to know feeling to apply to join needing to bump to help to contact to being to see meeting sitting meeting to tell to say to meeting ordering having putting to allow to buy of committing to have been robbed to waitto recycle {on) asking to prove to be promoted clearing toresist making being exercising to happen to apply ‘working to get to know glimpsed walking hear say/saying observed _ interacting smell burning found hiding watched climb noticing trying felt following caught wishing saw/gimpsed coming/walking to get get to stay getting to fall to get feeling feel to separate to live having to resolve telling to tell toget getting to announce announcing, taking to talk togo going changing to change to have having succeeded in finishing qualifies him to teach nominated me to speak to auite like sharing not to get into/never to get into you regret inviting have arranged for you to stay/ have made arrangements for you to stay 8 inspired you to create Nourens = o@rgca0ra90 i 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 J 1 to 2. yourself 3 find/think/consider 4 me 5 myself 6 on 7 dare 8 it 9 started/oegan 0 stand/bear Unit 24 distinguish contradict tken identify attach exclude correspond confront integrate 10. comprise 11 negotiate 12 disputing 13 merge 14 involves wCOVDHsENH B zo orowm0o>200 conflict bond relative divorce diverse compatible intimate cooperate mutual compromise acquaintance stepmother guardian introvert spouse companion extrovert citizen sympathise empathise fostered adopted peers partners dependants siblings predecessor an ancestor successor descendant up between up to together out out out 307308 OVO SENH BH oVanasENnH B BESecmvonsenn & e ONE RB AOeUNH RB ovausune bumped into open up go together pick on answer back sound out crowded around takes after fight/hit hit/fought talking fired/fought call write/get pay get mother of native wedding national distant child's by loved abuse make human fall into for in as gap with love ‘common near respect features supported same terms human So@rvous Semvouseny i 12 house flesh silver peas see puts: books inseparable perceptive inheritance racist apparent disloyal impersonating association relatively unconnected attachment individuality parenthood/parenting unfamiliar youth appreciable observation(s) intimately characteristics. unsympathetic seifless humanly Seomvamsunn 9 reconsider/rethink reheat renew redo/rewrite retrain refill recount rejoined recreate reproduce Review 12 Sweovansone 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 characteristic separately unfamiliar racism loyalty appreciation heritage disappearance perception relative to meet moving behaving to give seeing to contact missing toask takes after his father found myself standing was childs play have anything in common with/ have much in common with/have any interests in common with will free me (up) to spend got on like a house on fire feel like going didn't really see eye to eye into in to in to tooy 35 36 37 38 39 40 aL 42 eroccarom Unit 25 A 1. I'm definitely not going to the match on Saturday 2. You've forgotten to do the washing-up 3. was lying when I said | had (had) nothing to do with the breakages 4 Dawn wasn't particularly hard-working when she was at university \ haven't fished yet Ill meet you all at the café in half an hour 7 You don't have to eat your sprouts if you don't want to/You haven't got to eat your sprouts if you don’t want to 8 and | are going to set up a website 9 When did you get married 10 can! borrow your bike for a couple of hours/could | borrow your bike for a couple of hours B 1 had 2 doesn't/didn't 3. was 4 were/nad been all gone 5 had 6 goes/went 7 had 8 is/was 9 1 all went/had do/did Cc 1 2 didn’t have tov 3 4 5 she'd better RESeaora NOORERE M evaurene - a had to/was to/should must | wasn't to/mustn't/shouldn't could didn't have to. did have to ‘would/should would they the/that his it/that the/those her them their that then previous before/previously/earlier the following/next before there she and Carol had been to a ‘great museum when they were/ had been in italy the previous montt/the month before/she and Carol had gone to a great museum when they had been/ were in Italy the previous month the month before/ him that she had only washed the trousers the day before ‘/the previous day/ him that she had only washed those trousers the day before ‘Ahe previous day his secretary that he/she had to /was to/should get all the letters sent off by the next /oliowing day/the day after. they would meet us all back there in exactly half an hour from then /that time/moment she didn't have to go into the office that /on (the) Saturday it couldn't be very nice having all the /those cars going by all the time she would put them in water right then /right away/ immediately sone & on weVancaen x Seow9 ssn = il ewoausenn he had told Dan two days previously/before that the/ report would have to be rewritten hhe would go with her whether the train got in (him) if he'd been talking us whether we were all coming the following (/next)/us whether ‘we were all going the following (next) Jerry lived near me/Jerry lives near me Trevor if (/whether) he should send him offered to (helo Carlo) do if (whether they really did have to she had Rani wanted she had to | didn't they thought to the website was to get wanted/would like not to do to attack not to pass had taken to work touse to tun liked/wanted/didn't like/didn’t want to make/get not to talk POroCOFeD 309what it/whether to tell be it that of spend/fil with Sonor mssens Unit 26 @woORToreZoOrOOFO B 1 appeal 2. delight 3. adores 4 fancy 5. praised 6 urge 7 welcomed 8 bear 9 strive 10. favour 11. differentiate 12 resolved c 1 greedy 2 obsessed 3° anticipation 4 aspiration 5. optional 6 arbitrary 7 taste 8 liking 9° mundane 10 mediocre 11 desired 12 envy SwowmridsHswne @ ouanauns M Soav9sHeene Mm x@rancom casual fatigue leave venue outing lifestyle sedentary absorbing v solitude recreation socialise respite unwind indulge idle trivial pursuing exhilarating pastimes, keep up taking out getting into lazing around grow on warming up gone off put in given make choose consider but/except too like g0 of on set have prefer opt choice pursuits option leisure play want delight choice need taste keen playing praise rest feet hair party spice heart end whim time potato batteries desirable pursuits rhythmical) unenviable choosy zealous selective leisurely restless/restive obsession overplay tendency motivationdissatished overdo preferred relaxing stimulation availabilty sportsmanship © Semrsous ce acceptance, allowance, annoyance, appearance, assistance, attendance, avoidance, clearance, disturbance, endurance, guidance, ignorance, inheritance, insurance, performance, reassurance, reliance, resemblance, resistance, tolerance, utterance correspondence, dependence, difference, existence, insistence, interference, occurrence, persistence, reference _ assistance/guidance resemblance reference disturbance endurance persistence existence resistance eNO awe ye Po Review 13 couch to gone between meets/answers/tulfls, end out taken too want Somisaesony B (that) she has set her heart on going/her heart is set on going 12 have (got) no option but to get 13. whether/if Tony takes/nad a Close interest in/whether/if Tony has/had a keen interest 14 was going to let her hair down 15. came to rest 16. isnt ike Josh to tell 17 playing it by ear 18 bought it on a whim Cc 19 tendency 20. preferential 21 unenviable 22 downplay 23. choosy 24 overdone 25. sporty 26 demotivated D 27 gone 28 centres/centred 29 get 30. grown 31. pick 32 takes/took 33. warm 34 messing E 35 36 37 38 39 40 4a 42 omageroy Progress Test 2: Units 13-26 independent breadth significant goodwill charitable objections invaluable acknowledged/known exemplary selflessness Swoovanawne \ 12 13 14 15 16 7 18 20 had (stil) left his options ‘open/had (stil) kept his options ‘open/was (stil) leaving his options open/was (still keeping his options open has so much in common with/has so many interests in ‘common with be better off taking down to a fine art (himy/his) being dead (set) against playing was (put) in charge of who are up in arms about my /me ‘wouldn't lve to tell the tale have had the last laugh/| had the last laugh only coffee had no effect on/ only coffee didn't have an/any effect on has which Not so being ever drowning/dying/perishing entire/whole amount did big short matter act dead sick example right better fine oe rowro00000 31312 we got Had | listened you hadn't told Having studied he had been | drove/| was driving/| were riving/| were to drive you to do | didn't invite Were you Being made to off out down through around away on up in/up additives enlarge apportion irreparable spacious unsubstantiated transactions/activity/acts illusory hardship indestructible dozen blot belt handle face strings tape word pride wavelength Cracking papers 93 94 95 7 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 10 i 112 113 114 115 116 17 11g 9 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 boarded 138 it put 139. ifAhough hit 140 Little singled checking wore club summon see on/happening top size/extent worst near matter free do treat consultant bully dependant spouse predecessor curator descendant extrovert sibling monarch highest last ‘ground table quality gut grant pressure brand nuclear neither/nor enough ‘only Much if despite nowhereDestination Cizc2 Grammar and Vocabulary Destination C1 & C2: Grammar and Vocabulary is the ideal grammar EUCMVeler ol Uys elraileckore See urete Ration eel'sauite nC) take any C1 & C2 level exam: e.g. Cambridge CAE and Cambridge (en DONEC H Cea MCR acae merc Nara! Cea) * 2 progress tests Cole oR arom Coo Ree Corer IO and lexico-grammatical areas required for C1 and C2 level exams © clear, comprehensive presentation tables Oe een cen aN Mee eR ea RRL ea] and C2 level exams. Cee ener Reon ue Renee ou * auseful Reference Section including topic vocabulary, phrasal verbs, Pa eee etc Reo en ae eeem Reh coal The With Key edition includes the complete answer key and seven extra Petey a San Coo eer aces Destination C1 & C2: EUS ect WATT Ia =) Bcc i tere) Destination C1 & C2: Cerra a Reco tol RUSS NAST A etc OC oa) JW ee IEE SR aca oer penn ener pened