Professional Documents
Culture Documents
T
ransportation
Transportation is a way of moving of people or things from one place to another
by any mean.
2. Population.
3. Land use.
5. Travel patterns.
9. Financial resources.
10. Social and community-value factors, such as preservation of open space, parks,
and recreational
facilities; preservation of historical sites and buildings; environmental amenities; and
aesthetics.
Highway planning
The process by which new highways and other transportation facilities along with the
improvements to the old facilities are systematically designed, adequately tested, and
their future construction is properly programmed is called Urban Highway Planning.
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport
With respect to region and locality highway planning is divided into following two
kinds
• Urban Highway Planning
• Rural Highway Planning
Here we are restricted our discussion to Urban Highway Planning only.
(1)Urban Highway Planning:
The process by which new highways and other transportation facilities along with the
improvements to the old facilities are systematically designed, adequately tested, and
their future construction is properly programmed in urban territories is called Urban
Highway Planning. Now we are going to apply basic elements of transportation upon
urban highway planning
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport
Referece:https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=highway+planning&tbm=isch&imgil=Gx
ev1hdVlXk37M
THE PROCESS APPLICATION TO HIGHWAYS
Table:1
Inventary transportation
facilities
Situation Definition Measure travel patterns
Review Prior studies
Consider options-location
Search For Solutions & types
Toll charges
•
Design of highway &
Construction construction plans
Now we discuss in detail steps involved in urban highway planning by first considering
the following flow-chart
•
1. Inventory Of Existing Travel And Facilities:
This is data-gathering activity in which urban travel characteristics are
described for each defined geographic unit or traffic zone within study area.Inventories
and surveys are made to find traffic volumes, land uses,origins and destinations of
travelers , population ,employment, and economic activity. Inventories are made of
existing transportation facilities both highway and transit. Capacity,speed,travel time,
and traffic volume are determined. The information gathered is summarized by
geographic areas called traffic analysis zones(TAS).
3.Genration Of Alternatives:
In this phase of the urban transportation planning process, the
alternatives to be will be identified.It may also be necessary to analyse the travel effects
of different land use plans and to consider various lifestyle scenarios.The option
available to the urban transportation planner include various technologies, network
configurations Vehicles, operating policies and orgnanizational arrangements.
5.Evaluation Of Alternatives:
The purpose of the evaluation process is to identify feasible alternatives
In terms of cost and traffic capacity, to estimate the effects of each alternative in terms
of the objectives expressed, and to assist in identifying those alternatives that will serve
the travelling public and be acceptable to the community.Of particular importance are
the environmental assessments mandated in most transportation studies.
6.Choice Of Project:
Selection of a project will be based on a process that will ultimately
involve elected officials and the public. Quite often, funds to build an urban
transportation project may involve a public referendum. In other cases, a vote by a state
legislature may be required before funds are committed. A multiyear program then will
be produced that outlines the projects to be carried out over the next 20 years. With
approval in hand, the project can proceed to the specification and construction phase.
Now we focused on the other states of urban highway
(2)Project Development:
After a project has been planned and programmed for implementation, it
moves into the project development phase. At this stage, the
environmental analysis intensifies. The level of environmental review
varies widely, depending on the scale and impact of the project. It can
range from a multiyear effort to prepare an Environmental Impact
Statement (a comprehensive document that analyzes the potential
impact of proposed alternatives) to a modest environmental review
completed in a matter of weeks. Regardless of the level of detail or
duration, the product of the project development process generally
includes a description of the location and major design features of the
recommended project that is to be further designed and constructed,
while continually trying to avoid, minimize, and mitigate environmental
impact.
Reference: Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol. 5,
pp. 725 - 738, 2005
Table summarizes the five basic stages in highway planning and
development.
Flow Chart
Way
The State or local government selects the contractor,
Construction who then builds the project.
In other words, a successful highway design process includes the
following:
REFRENCES
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport
Referece:https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=highway+planning&tbm=isch&imgil=Gx
ev1 hdVlXk37M
Reference: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/publications/flexibility/ch01.cfm
Reference: Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol. 5,
pp. 725 - 738, 2005