TIOMKAPH Y3POKOBAHHM KBAPOBAMA HA EJEKTPHUHEM WHCTAJIAIHJAMA - CTATHCTHUKE TOYA H MPETIEL KBAPOBA Heyag Xaunepenguh, Hemaroa Kocituh, Jocan Tpupywoouh, ‘Mapo Jfasugosuh', Hean apes? Ancrpaxt ~ Vsapurenia je aniamusa omahux 1 viocrpannx oraTHCTHIKHX HO%e- ‘Taka KOjH Ce OHOCH Ha KBapOBe Y eseKTPHIHHM wHcrastamujama KojH Mory a 6yay yapor moxapa. Anawusmpan cy Hajstavajanja xeaponn ca actrexTa mpoGnemariKe HACTAHKA NOxKapa Ha HACKOHANOHCKHM eNeKTPHIHHM WECTAsALH) aM. 3a cBakKH Of kBapona (cieKTpH4HH YK, JIOUI eeKTPHIHH KOHTAKT, 3arpeBarbe ycueq rpeonrepe- hema enexTpHne HHCTanaunje MTA.) OOjammeHH cy NporlecH KOjH NOBOTe 0 Haybeeba eNeKTpHYHE HI0NANTHje WH 3aTaUBHX TpesMera y 6NHSHHM enekKTpHune HHCTasIa~ tue. TloceGwa nankna je nocschena xBaposna Koji MOry Jia HBAs0BY HOXKAP, KO}e rolaciiante 3anrrnTHe KOMMOHeHTe He MOTY jleTeKTOBATH, a HepHOyHAHHM BepHApAKALH- jaMa KBasuTeTa HUCKOHANOCHKHX eNeKTPHYHHX HHCTaNAja TeUIKO MOry Aa ce orkpniy. Kayane pest: exexrpirime mctanannie, moxkap, out eTeK THIEN KOHTAKT, e- eK TpHaHt yk, npeortepeherse FIRE CAUSED BY FAULTS IN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS - STATISTICAL DATA AND FAULTS REVIEW Abstract — An analysis of domestic and foreign statistical data regarding electrical faults that may cause fire was carried out. The most significant faults from the aspect of the occurrence of fire in low-voltage electrical installations were analyzed. For each type of fault (electric arc, poor electrical contact, overheating due to overload, etc.), processes that lead to the ignition of electrical insulation or flammable objects near the electrical installation were explained. Special attention was paid to faults that can cause fire, which conventional protection components cannot detect, and can hardly be detected by periodical verifications of the quality of low-voltage electrical installations. Keywords: electrical installations, fire, poor electrical contact, electric arc, overload 1. YBO Y janammse Bpeme je TeMKo samvesmTH rpalesueKn OOjeKar Ges warajara e- nexipmitiom exeprujom, HnaK, reo Kopmitherbe Moke HNaTH orfacHe mocTenme Hencnpanie enexrpxne nicraauuije cy yspok weamkor 6poja noxcapa [1], JToute npo- joxtorane enexrpriyne wuicTanaltyje, HAXOB npeomTepeherse, Kao H Kopuumberse HeKBAITETHUX MpOAYRHHX KaGIOBA, Y3poUH cy BeMHKor Gpoja noxkapa [2]. Hexe serporexuiaKn akyaiter Veunepstrrera y Beorpany 2 MYTI PC, Cexrop 3a saxpemme cirryainje, Yrpana 3a mpenewTumay saurruTyTpustemena scwitiuitia u renu iipergosu - 3aaitiu6op 2018. 49 BpcTe KBapoBa Ce Ha BpeMe jeTeKTy}y y3 HOMOh wWiaCH4HHX 3alITHTHAX KOMMOHeHTH, koje y cny4ajy nojane knapa ucksmyyyjy erpyjHo Kom0, TKO Aa He Moxe OHH 0 to- 2xapa [3]. Mehytim, nlocroje keaposn npx joj ojas 3amrnHtrHe KoMMOHeHTe yor miTe He pearyjy, Mla Ce, YKOMHKO Tpajy AYKe BpeMe, CTBapajy ycuIOBH 3a HaCTaHaK T10- oxapa [4]. 2, CBETCKH CTATHCTH4YKH TOA O HOXKAPHMA Craka ebporicka 3eMzba IpHKyMba TOaTKe 0 MO2KapHMa TIpeMa coricTBeHO} cTaTH- cTH4Koj MetogH. Kaacndpuxanaja y3poKa Toxapa Bapupa Oj 3eMJbe 0 3eMbe, aT ce y Behan w3pemraja mperosnajy cnegehn yspoua noxapa: - mupomanuja, - nyuieme, - Kyparse, - ymorpe6a cpehia, - _ yrtorpe6a enexrpiunux artapara, ynorpe6a rpejHHx tesa, - HecMoTpeHocr H Renata, - Mrparse BarpoM HA, Ha nips nore Mowe ce TIpHMeTHTTH ta He rlocTojE NoceGHO aABOjeHA Hema y Kojoj ce kao y3poK Moxkapa HaBONH ynorpeba eneKrpiare enepruje. Hucy ysern y oO3Hp NoxkapH KOjH Hacrajy Ha H3BeNeHO} exeKTpHYHO} uHCTaTANNAjH (Koja cry: 3a npenoc Wi uctpHOyunjy emeKTprane enepruje 0 HoTpommaya), Beh cy camo anazHsH- palit HoxkapH Koje usasHBajy eneKTpHMAN allaparH H rpejHa tesa, Ha opaj HagHH ce ripabut rpy6a rpenika H rtaxkaba cKpehie ca mpanor npobuema KojH mpeycranma cramy OMACHOCT Oj{ HaCTaHKa Hokapa — cTape H HeOApKaBAHe eseKTpPHINE HHCTaTANHje y oOjekruma. OcuM Tora, mpeTnocrapspa ce fa je camo YeTBpTHHa Of yKynHor Opoja HacTaqHx noxkapa nprjazsbenia 3a cratHcTHKy o6pany. YrsiaBHoMt ce ite pHjanmyjy HloxkapH KOjit HHCY Ha3BANIH BeNHKe Mavepujante mxTeTe H Y KOjHMa Hcy HBry6MeRH sbyCKH aKHBOTH (TSB. (hataTETH ToxKapH) Y ra6enu | je npuxasad renepawHH nperney moxkapa HacranHx y JoMahvHcTBnMa, ay TaGenn 2 je nperne, dbarammx noxkapa (ca rySHTKOM Jby;ACKHX %KHBOTA), pasBp- craHn nema y3poxy roxapa [5] Ha ocuony nogaraxa npaxasannx y Ta6erama 1 u2 Moxe ce saKsy¥HTH ja je Haj- seh 6poj roxkapa yspokoRan ymorpe6om eneKTpH4HUX TIpHjeMAMKa H pastHHM Mpowe- cuMa y KyXHIbH, a.a je Hajsehut Gpoj aranwx nooKapa Hacrao yeuteg nymera, Cire Jehu y3pounmun no Mpouenty yuecraslocty nacraska ¢baranHuX Mokapa cy pase aK- THBHOCTH y KYXHEGH Ht ynOTpeGa enleKTPHYBHX anapara50 Tipunersena saitiuitia u renu ipergou - 3naita6op 2018. Ta6ena 1, [Ipernen moxkapa y nowahnnersHMa T BenuKa yspox an Xonaniania can Aycrpanvia | Mwpomanyja 9% 11% 6% 3% Tywerbe 51% 3% 2% 4% Kysatbe 4% 26% 44% Ynorpe6a ceeha 17% 5% 4% Cee are 6% 31% 23% 12% ypehajn Ynorpe6a rpejHux 11% 3% ypehaja Virparve Barpom 4% 2% 0% 3% Ocrano 2% 27% 9% HenosHaTo 36% 29% Ta6ena 2. Tpernen haransnx norkapa T Non - , 7 ape Yopox Bennka | flor: | Xonan- | Wear | ar | Cyn | Averpa | Hoan Bprauja | pon | awja | xa | cra | Benana, | | Hamepnn | 35.4% 9% 8.3% |_none {, * [ae | fiywene | 167% | 47% | 31% | 29,8% | 42% | 131% 1 | a “| Kysarpe 5,6% 14% 9% 5.8% Ynorpe6a | say | am | 3% 5% | 9% | 56% | 7m | cocha L [- Enexrpasnn | 76% | 3% | 21% | 124% | 4% | 3.4% | 14% | 13.1% ypetyain I Ynotpe6a_| | ypehaia 2a B% | 3% | 58% 34% 69% | spejae | _ 4 : 1 eee 12% | 25% | 46% ‘HocT | pate 33% | 3% | 6% 0% 15% | 5% | 92% |__satpor | Ocrano | (23,5% =| 17% 6% 0% 6.8% 13,9% |_Henoswati | [1% | 0% | 306% 57,8% (BecameTipumerena scuitiuitia u menu itipengoen - 3raitiubop 2018. 51 2A. Cuetexu craTuerMin noqanM o noaapuMa 4njH cy Y3poK exeRTpAMAE nueTasiauuje ypehajyn Y janoj avasv34 cBeTCKe CTaTHCTHKe 0 HacTamHM ToxKapHMa nocebHa nana je nocsehena noxkapHMa HacTamMM na eNeKTpHUANM anapaTHMa H H3BemeHHM HACTANA- Tujama, Tauno je 31a, cTaTHeTHIKH TIeaHO, Spo} Moxkapa Koje cy HaasBame rpeMIKe y pally eneKTpHyHHX anapara HHje BemuKH. Mehyrum, pam ce camo 0 1o2KapHMa Ha a- napaTHMa Koj YHHe Jeo eNeKIPHYHHX HHCTanamja y Mocmatpanom o6jexty. Bpoj KBapoBa Ha eHleKTPH4HO} HHCTaMAaNHjH H3BeeHO} y OOjeKTy 3HavajHo je Beh. Moxe ce MpernocraBHTH jla Ce y NOKapHMa 4HjM y3pOuM HHCY pacBeTybeHH KpAje BeTHKH 6poj noxapa unt je yspoK Kaap Ha H3ReNeHO} eNeKTpUTTHO} MCTaNALUNH, TIpema cranmorusxun noganma Haronantor Barporacror JIpyurrsa CAJK [1], pHKyIbeHHX y HepHoyty 1993-1997. rog., y CAJ] ce roKoM oBor nepuoga y cTaMGe- HUM oGjexTaMa rogumuse LoronMI0 41200 noxapa H3asBAHHX HeKOM BPCTOM KBapa Ha enekTpHaHHM HECTanarjama. Y mocMatpaHHM NoxkapHa ce Ha POAULIEEM HABOY J10- Togw1o 336 cMprHHx cayyajesa nuBHna, 1446 mospesa Mera H HatipaBybena je Ma- ‘repijama nrrera of 643,9 mumowa ameprraeax ociapa. Tloxkapy nacram yerten Keapa a eNeKTpHUHHM HHcrarayajama yyecrRopaslH cy ca 9,7% y YkYMHOM Opojy Toxapa HacTasHX y MocMatpaHoM nepaory y CAL, saxBamyjyhn 4emy cy 3ay3esH eto MecTo om ykymo 12 najseuthux spera noxkapa (pasepcranMx mpema yspoxy). Mareprjarta mrera of 643,9 Manowa onapa mpegcrapa 14,4% yKynHe maTepujatne urrere HaCTae y CBIM MoxkapHMa y MocMarparom mepHosty, cramibajyhn KBapoBe Ha e- JeKTPHYHUM HHCTUIAMHjaMa Ha ApyrO MeCTO paHT ACTe y3po4HHKa, MpeMa BUCHTAL Marepnjane mrere mpoy3poKorane noxkapunta, ¥ TaGenm 3 [1] npukasana je npouen- ‘TyaimHa pacnogteria noxkapa y CAJ] 1a3pax KBapom Ha exeKTPHIHUM HACTATATH|aMa npeMa MecTy HacTaHKa KBapa. TaGena 3. Hponertyamtia pactrosesta tokapa H3aspaHHX KEApOM Ha ENeXTPHYHHM HHCTANAlAjaMa MpeMa MecTy HacraHKa KBapa MECTO HACTAHKA KBAPA FIPOLEHAT | NposopHnun yrpahenn y o6jekat 34,7 Ka6noen w yrnxaun 17,2 | Caerumne _ Vy Tpeknqasn, pony kin KaGNOBH M yTAUAMYe 114 __Vaeopn ceetnoc 83 Ocurypaun, raBHn npekvasn, pasBogHe Ta6ne 5,6 | __ Mepnu ypehaj w suxosa kyhmuira ; 2,2 | Eneprerckn Tpacopmatopn 1,0. OCTANO 73 |Tipunerena sauitiuitia u wenn iapengou - 3naitiuGop 2018 Y eBponcKum Aprkapama, y Kojima HOCTOjH CraTHCTHKa 0 y3porHMa Toxkapa, yTBP- Dexo je 2a cy KBapoBH Ha emeKTpHIHHM HHCTananujama yspounnun 15-20% yKymHor 6poja nomkapa [6]. Tpema netmm crarucTuKama 13 11 esponcKux 3emama (Byrapexa, Yema Peny6muxa, OpanuycKa, Malapexa, Mrannja, Moscka, Pymyxnja, Pycuja, Typcexa u Yxpajuna), y mepnogy ox 1988-1998. rogune, 6poj noxapa Koju cy y3poKo- BaHH KBapOM Ha eJleKTPHYHHM HHCTaayHjama MoBehao ce 3a 25%, a NocTojH HW TeH- AeHMja HeroBor Aarber pacta. 3aHHMJbHBO je 1a je y HCTOM MepHomy MopacT Gpoja Tloxkapa W3a3BaHHX HeeMeKTPHIHHM Y3pOUHMa H3HOCHO camo 5%. YY nepuoy on, 2003. 0 2005. rogue (saxmysHo ca 2005 ron.) y CAJ| mecuao ce 28300 opakBHx noxapa, Koja cy Gum y3poK 360 cmprHnx ciryyajeBa, 1000 mospena MaTepHjanHHx TpouKoBa y H3HOCy oO 995 MuAHOHa aMepw4KHX jjonapa [7]. Y oBoM ‘TPOroqHUNbeM TepHogy, 7% CBUX Noxkapa y cTaMOeHHM OOjeKTHMa H3a3BaHO je c- JeKTPHYHHM MHCTATaNHjama wut ypehajuma. Auasisom 6pojeux nasenrraja 3a rpan, Jlouox [8] mpuneheno je na ce camo 3% on ykynor 6poja Toxkapa npwnucyje kBapoBHMa Ha eIeKTPHYHHM anapatHMa y j0Ma- huucrsy. Y ApyraM cryqHjama ce Hilak wpe riega Ha Mpo6mem w3a3HBara ToxKapa yeueg KBapa KaKO Ha @JIeKTPHYHAM HACTaaljama, TaKO W Ha e/leKTPHYHHM alrapa- ‘ia, Haj6omm npumep cy CAJI: 7% om yxymuor 6poja nokapa y soMahwHcreisa y3poxonanio je Hencripasnowhy enecrpranux anapara, Mebyrum, navoztt ce sta je 15% Of ykynHor Opoja Noxkapa y3pOKOBaHO KBapOBHMa Ha H3Bes(eHO) eeKTpH4AO] HHCTA~ nauejn. BaxkHo je uctaln 2a moxapu HacTamH ycueq KBapa Ha eIeKTPHYBM MHCTa‘la~ uujama y3pokyjy MatepHjanHe mete 3a oKo 50% Behe oy Noxapa HacTamHx yenex apyrux yspoka. Y3 To, 6poj moranymx y ToKapHMa y WoMahHWHcTBHMa HacTaqHXx yeutes, eslekrpuavior yspoxa je 10 70% Behn ox, 6poja Horny mx y MoxkapuMa Hacta~ JINX yeuteyt ApyrHx y3poxa [9] 2.2, CratHeTHukH nosanH O HoaapHma y Cpuju Axammsupanu cy craTucTHuxn oyann 0 HowkapaMa 3a rpay beorpag w Perry6mxy Cp6njy (pacriogena no sper o6jexta H BpeTH jeaTHOCTH, y3porlMMa Hactajarha H Ma~ ‘TepHjannoj urerH) Koju cy AOOujeHH of crpane Cexropa 3a ananuTHKy, TeneKOMyHH- Kal{Hone H MHOpMalHoHe TexHonorHje, Yipase 3a anaiutaky MYTI-a PC, Cerropa 3a BaHpesHe cHTyanHje y beorpayy, Tiperneqom nogaraka yrepheno je 4a HovkapH Ha eNeKTpHYHHM HHCTaaLuijama y Peny6aunn CpOxju ysecrayjy y ykyr#iom 6pojy norkapa ca 20-30%. Hpoceaa mare~ pujama urrera Hacrama y roxkapuma y PenyOumin CpOnju, npema nozanuma 4oOnje- nu og Yapane 2a anamutuxy MYTI-a PC, usuocu oxo 950.000.000 sunapa roswuube, ‘raKo ja je Mavepujama mreva Hactana y NoxkapHMa KOjH cy HBA3BAHM KBAPOBHMA Ha enextpH4nuM HucTasatujama y ortcery 190.000.000-285.000.000 mumapa romaine. Banmvbue je nonarak sa je y Peny6anum Cp6uju 2004. rogue Guo 1,37 noxkapa Ha 1000 cranopHuka, an je qo 2011. rogune Taj 6poj HempexugHo pactao go 4,4 noxapa na 1000 cravopnuka. Y3nnajyhu y o63up na je mpocevan roguubu Spoj norunysanx yTipumerena sauiiiuitia u menu itipengosu - 3raitiu6op 2018. 53 noxkapMa y Cp6uju oxo 80, toma3uMo Ao TogaTKa ya je Spoj MOrHHY.HX Ha METHOH cranopanika y PenyOnmn Cp6uju oxo 10,66. Yaopehyjyhu oze ppennocTu ca onrona- pajyham noxauma 3a 3emsbe Exporicke yHuje Jouum0 ce {0 3akyby4Ka Ja ce cTaTHCTHKa 3a PenyOanxy CpOnjy noksana ca esponckom cratucruxom. Hpoyeny 6poja xprana y Toxkapuna PenyOanke CpOaje Hacrammx yonea KBapa Ha eneKTpHYHO} MHcTamarjtt ‘TeLIKO je H3BpULMTH. 3. PETE, KBAPOBA HA EJIEKTPHUHAM WACTAJAUHIAMA KAO Y3POUHHKA TLOKAPA Keaposu Koji Mory npoy3pokoBaTH nojaBy ,,spemx TavaKa Ht ,BpemHx sMHHAja Ha exleKTPHYHO) HHCTATANHjH, a KojH Hajyemhe mpoyspoKyjy moxap cy [10] ~ — kparaK croj, - etpyjHo mpeorrrepehere mposogunka H octanHx KOMMOHeHTH enexrpHuHe HCTAIAIje, - Topehana TOIMOTHA H30NalLHja, - SOW KONTAKT, H ~ eek Tpw4HH ITYK. 3.1 Kparax enoj Kparak cnoj je Ha3up 3a H3HeHaHM KBap Kojm Hactaje yones HarMor CMaHberba OT- nopHocTH (Ha MecTy JO,H1pa MPoBOAHMKa NO HarTOOM H HeyTpamHOr HH 3aLITHTHOT Mponognuca (mace)), suja je nocwegHya BuIueCTpyKo nioBehawe crpyje y crpyjHoM KON 11H HanojHOM BoRY. Moke fa ma Ba o6nuKa: - Allpekran Kpatak cnoj, Kox Kojer je ocrBapen Ao6ap KoMTAKT MeTasa ca MET@IOM —T3B, METARHH KparaK cro), 1 ~ Baprnere, Kos Kojer He nlocTojH KoHTaKT MeTana ca Meranom, Bef ce cTpyja YcrlocTabsba HM OfprkKaBa KPO3 eNeKTPHYHH syK ~ T3B. KpaTaK cro} MpeKo eulekTpu4Hor styKa. Ko Aupektuor kpatkor cnoja rpejame npowogwAKa Huje JOKATH3OBaHO Ha MecTy papa, keh je pacnopeleno pya menor enexrpuynor Kosta, Kparax cro} npexo e- JIeKIPHYHOP TYKa HW3A3HBa TOIWEHE JOKAIMOT MaTepHjaila M jOHH3OBAEE racoBa y oGaacTa Hactaxka nyka, Ho weroxom mpecTaHKy MOTY ce BHAIETH OLuTeheHe nOBPIIHHE Ha MORO HHHMa Beher MpeceKa, AOK ENOBH MPOBOAHHKA Marber MpeceKa Kojn cy 6uIH HEIOKEHM eneKTpHIHOM TyKy Mory 6HTH NoTHyHO yAHUITeRU, Ca acteKTa MO- ryhvoctu 3a3HBama noxkapa HajonacHnjn je HHTepMHTeHTAH (MpeKHj WH) KpaTak crioj MIPeKo eek TPHYHOF TYKa, jep Ce MPH MHeroBO} MojaBa More jecHTH wa cTpyjd KpaTKOr cnoja Hit ¥ jeqHOM UMKAYcy ycnOcTaBmalba H TIPeKHAarba He Tpaje AOBOIHO AyTO a omoryhn pearoparse knachune sauturHe KoMMoneHTe [10]54 Tipunersena sauitiuitia u reenu impengosu - Zraidibop 2018 3.2 IIpeonrepeheme enextpuune nucrasaunje Crpyjnto npeontepehierse nposomHuka H OCTAMHX KOMMOHeHTH elleKTpHINe MHCTA~ sanuje Takohe Mowe OUTH y3pOuHHK moxKapa, ExcriepHMentanuo je MOKAsaHO La Ce cxpyjHum mpeontepehemem esiexrpusita KOMMOHeHTA Moke 3arpejaTH 10 BHICOKHX ‘remmepatypa. Mehyran, ua 6 Hactao TloveTHH MOxkap jaxmma eTpyje Mopa ja Gye HeKONHKO nyra Beha om HomuuaTHe. Flourro je pehua ctpyjHHx Kosa saurruena ay- TOMATCKUM TIPCKHA4HMa MH TOIbHBHM OCHTYpayHMa HOMHHANHe CTpyje 40 16A (muXoBa ynora je a HCKBYYE Hatlajarse YKOMMKO Ce OTOH MPCBENHKO u/s Ipenyro crpyjiio npeontepefierse), crpyjso mpeorepeliesse Beoma perko joBOVNH A OjaBe O- >kapa y ellekTpHYEMM HCTaNanMjaMa HuIcKor HaNOHa. MehyTaM, npoOxeM Hactaly ako ce, Ha MpHMep, Mperopesn ToMHnH yMenH OcHTypasa ,.1HNHyjy" (KOPHCHEK can MOCTAaBJbA TOTLbHBY MeTamAy KUT (,,j1HUHY") NPOH3BOIbHOF TompesHor MpeceKka y Beli HckopuitheH yMetak TOIbHBOr OCHTypaya), WMe ce omoryhapa ycrlocTaBsbarbe ‘Tpajue cxpyje suauajuo neh on, Honma (crurka 1). Hucy pevka Hit roxkapH 1393- Banu Kopmutherem HekBamMTeTHO H3paljeHe eslekKTpH4Ne KOMTIOHeHTE, Koja He Mowe sla TOAHeCe CBOjY, OF NPOHSBohada AeKapucany, HOMMHAIHY CTpyly. Coma 1. TIpimep 13 npaxce: , uHonann ocutypasi (eno) H nocmesAua ,JTHiKHOBAHEX™ ocurypatia (j1ecH0) TIpo6uem je nayctposan excriepumentrom enposesteHiM y sia6opaTopajtt. Ha no- uerky je H3MepeHa TeMrlepaTypa KOjy MPOBOAHHK OCTHDKE y YeTameHOM CTarby Kaa pos tera ,tiporaue crpyja pH HOpMauIUM yeoBHMa Xaabersa. Ha comme 2 npakasan je tepMoBu3ijckH cHHMaK rponogHHKa ca PVC nsostaitiijom, pecea 1,5 mm’, ca crpyjom orrrepeherba ox 15 A, 15 MHHYTa naKOH yksbyHeIba (Kayta je Temmeparypa werone H30IaUje JlocTHTHA craNHOHApHY BpeaHOcT O74 50 °C, Koja ce Moake cMarparH 6a3HoM TeMrepaTypoMm 3a TocmaTpaninl ciry'aj). BOS Coma 2. Tepmonasnjcka cusak Kojit ce ogMocH Ha HopMaciaH paxtan pexHMTipustersena sautiuitia u menu tpengosu - Zraitiu6op 2018. 55 Tlopehersem usmepene temnepatype ca Hajsehom Jo3BosbeHOM Temueparypom 3a nponogumke ca PVC nsoxanujom (70 °C) [11], More ce 3axsy4HTH a y OBOM cayyajy He HocTojH mpo6sIem nperpeBarba MpoBOyHHKA, Ha cami 3 neno je npukaran repwonianijexn cnnstax npososumKa ca PVC nsosa- qujom, mpecexa 1,5 mm?, ca etpyjom onrepehiewa on 25 A, 15 MHHYTA HaKOH YKIby- verba (Kaya je Temnepatypa Herowe H3oHanHje NOCTHTNA crauMOHApHY BpeaHOCT on oko 68 °C). Moke ce saKbyunTH na je mpH npeomepehery on oxo 25% npaxrHato AOCTHTHYTA MAKCHMAJIHO O3BOsbeHA TeMMepaTypa 3a MOCMaTpaHH THN W0RaLHje (70° 195 Ha crm 3 seco mpuxasaH je TepMoBu3HjckH CHHMAK NpoBosHHKa mpecexa 1,5 mm’ y xome je crpyja onrrepefiewa Gua 30 A. Ca: ‘TePMOBHSHjCKOF CHHMKa Ce BUH 31a Up npeonrepehery ox 50% Temmepatypa ns0manHje (99,8 °C) zaneKo npemamyje MaKCHMAJIHO JO3BOJbCHY TeMMepatypy, LTO H3ashba yOpsary Herpanannjy Hs0maMAje, Koja kacHuyje, yeneq HOBOHACTaJIOr KBapa, More PesyATHPATH H HEHHM MabemeM, Cana 3. Tepmosnsijekit cama Koj ce oxHoci a crpyjiio npeonrepehene 07 25% (s1eB0) 1 50% (ecto) Tlopelhetsem Temmeparypa na0manousx cnojeBa mpeorrepehennx MpoBo/tAiKa Ji Gujemux y eKcrepHmeHaTHMa crpoBexeHUM y aGopatopHjeKUM yeOBAMA ca Tpax HH4HO LO3BOsbEHOM Temmepatypom 3a PVC wsostatutjy, saKsby4yje ce Aa Ha MectHMa Ha KOjHMa je 1OuNWI0 {0 Mpeorirepehema enekrpHuHe HHCTanaHje (3a BHMIe O74 50% MaKCHMAaJIHe TpajHO AO3BOJbeHE CTpyje 3a LATH MpeceK MPOBOAHHKA) jOs1a3H Jo 3Ha~ “ajHOr TiperpeBatba eneKTpH4ne H3OIAUHje, AKO Mpouec TiperpeBawa Tpaje AOBOIbHO AYTO, eslekrpHuna H30rauHja he ce HocrenteHo AerpajMpaTH, YHMe Mory Ja ce creKHY YenOBH 3a HCHO MAeMe H H3A3HBARE NorKapa. Y mpaxcu ce najuenthe cycpehy cneyehn crysajenn npeontepehema enertpusne nacrananaje: 1. mpeonrepehewse yeuex norpemo yUMeH3HONNCAHOr HpeceKa npoBojHHKa (najteuthe y ceockum Hacemuna), peonepeheme Hacrasto ynorpeSom , .nHmHOBAHAX" TOLBHBHX yeraKa, 3. mpeonrepeheme 3aspaHo ymorpeGom HekBamreTHHX — eneKTpHYEHX KOMMOHEHTH Ha KojuMia je HeTasHHO OsHaYeHA HONTHAMHA Crpyfa, H 4, mpeorrrepeheise nactano pekoucTpyKuujoM HECKONANONCKHX eneKrpaTHTT uucranauija np Kojo} Aostasn 10 nowehamsa ykynue cHare norpouiaya 4 HOMMHATHOX crpyja 3aUrTHTAMX KOMTONeHTH (OCHTypama HIN ayTOMATEKHX N56. Tpumersena sauitiuilia u menu ipengosu ~ Bnaitiubop 2018. npexnada), aH He H Ao ToBeharba mpeceKa MpoBOAHHKa (sje nappmieHa PeKOHCTpyKUMja HHCTAMHPAKUX NPOBOAHHKA Y oGjexry). 3.3 Mozehana TonsoTHa wsosauuja Jlo mperpesarba exexrponncTamanoHe onpeme (MpOBOAHHKA, TIpOsy:KHHX xa6moBa, Npexvmata HTJ.) Moxe Oh H IPH cTpyjaMa MaibHM OA HOMHHAMHHX, YKO- IIMKO ce CHpedH HOpMamHO OyBOherwe TonMTOTE, Tj. YKOHKO ce nopeha TONMIOTHA 130- ranyja, MITO Ce, Ha MpHMep, Moxe OCTBAPHTH HAMOTABAIDEM MPOBOHHKA HH HOCTAB- ybamkeM HeKOT OONMKA cHOMHe TorMOTHe HsoTatHje [10]. ¥ mpakcu ce OBAKAB npo61em Moke MOjaBHTH Kayla ce CKNyT¥a MpoAy KUM kaGsI H OIITepeTH HOTpoMaATHMa anja je ykynna cHara OnMCKa MaKCHMaJIHO o3BoseHO} 3a Taj MpoAyKHU KAO y HOpMaNHHM yenopuma, Y3 To, Moryhe je ovatHo nowehare TomotHe msomalje Kajla ce MpeKo Ka6va HaGanajy H HeKa npepmers (xp. oneha). Ha cam 4 cy Tpuxasann TepwosmeujckH CHAMIIH cHOTIa NpoRoAHHKa MpeceKa 1,5 mm?, Cammax wa siesom ery cauKe 4 onuocn ce Ha crpyjy omrepehersa oa 10A (oxo 50% Hommnamior omepehersa), OK ce CHHIMAK Ha AecHOM ey camAKe 4 O7tHOCH na erpyjy onrepehera og 15 A (oko 75% Hommiasmor onrepehersa). Baan ce na neh rpm crpyin on 10 A cno.Ha nospuinna rioeMatpasior npoBoAHHka AocrioKe Hajzehy nosnosbenly TeMmepatypy 3a mporos uke ca PVC nsostaunjon (70,5 °C, cmixa 4 sexo), JoK mpi ctpyjnt on 15 A ona gaiexo npewamyje sosnosseny tewmeparypy (92,8 °C, crmka 4 jlecHo), WTo H3a3HBa yOpsany Aerpasauy] y naomailyje, Koja kacHHje Moxe pe- Sy.ITHPaTH H HeCHHM TIAJSEHEM, Cama 4. Tepwooisnjoxn crm Kojat ce oAHOce Ha npoBonHnk eMOTaH Y KatytiKO Ha cummm 5 cy npnkasann npunep 3 mpaxce Ha Kojuwa ce BimH TloRehare ‘ronmotHa HOI} KAO MOTENIMJaHH YspOK KBapa (KAYTKO MPOBOHHKA KO} HPO~ ryrkvior KaGaxa ca BME yTHUHHHA, TpaHeiopMtarop HocTARIEH y KAyNKO MpOBOMAHKA HH HIpHK:BYSHH MPOBOANHK WITOpera ca josaTHOM HsOALIHjOM). Cama 5. Hpamep 13 mpakce: nosehara ToniorHa sostanija kao MovenuijartHit y3por KBAp?TMpuwerena sauitiuitia u toenu tipergosu - 3nailiubop 2018. 57 3.4 Jlow KonTaKT y exexTpHsnM WHeTATADjAMA Jlomt KouTaKT y HUCKOHAMOHCKOj eneKTpHHO} HACTANALNjH Mo%e ce TojanTH KAKO Ha pasBOXHOj TaONH, TaKO H OusI0 rye y cTpyjHOM Komy (Ha OurTeheHOM MpoBos- HUKY, y YIUKaYY, ¥ YTHYHHIM, Ha CrOjy yTHKaya H YTAHHIe, TposyKHOM KaGay, am HY caom npujemmcy enertpuane eneprije). Jom Kouraxtom y enexrpuanoj MHCTATALMjH Ha3HBa Ce KONTAKT KOJ Kora je NOBehaHa KOHTAKTHa OTMOpHOCT, Koja MOXKe HaCTaTH ycmex CMakbeHe cue 3aresakba (na6aB KONTAKT), HoBehanor cuoja 6a- kapaHx oKcna (ctap KoHTaKT) HI TIOjaBe cnoja crpannx secrHna (sampsaH KONTAKT), KontakrHa oTNopHoct, OAHOCHO cTemeH ,,oropiiama” KoHTakTa, pacte ca opacroM cBaKOr Of TpH HaBeseHa etpexta (nabanocr, crapocr, 3anpsbanocr) [12]. Anaiv30M Benuxor 6poja H3Be[CHHX EKCTIEPHMCHATa 3AKBYYCHO je a Ce MaKCH- Mase Temnepatype Ha KOHTAKTHMA OCTHKY y CAyajeBuMa y KojHMa mocTojH na6aB KOHTAKT KOjH je, y3 TO, H 3Ha4ajHo 3anpibaH (KaKO HeYHcTOhama y npaBoM CMHCIIy Te pedH, Tako H cHojem GakapHHx OKcHAa KOjH ce CTBapajy Ha MecTy KOHTaKTAa Kao Tlocrie- qua cTaperba H rpejaka evekTpHyne wHcTasanuje). Pexepamo, 1a6aB KoHTaKT, 6e3 o6supa Ha To 2a TH je YHCT MMH Mp:BAB, JOBO;LH j10 THORehara TeMTIepaType MpeKo rpa- Him4HO AosBoNeHE 3a PVC nsorauHjy M MpescraBssa MOTeHIAjaTHO MecTo 3a TONeTAK Aerpaganuje ws0NanHje H HacTajate Moxkapa Ha esleKTpH4Ho} HACTaManHjH. HemTo je Goma cHryanuja y Mormegy onacHocTH Of MojaBe BpeHX TavaKa Ha HOBHM eseKTpHY- HUM HHCTasIANMjaMa Ha KOjHMa je KONTAKT O6po (MBpCTO) UBREMeH, HesABHICHO O7 e- BeHTYANHe Tojane samp:baiba. Ha ocHony nopebera RpemHOCTH MaKcuMasHe Tpajsio HO3BOEHE TeMMepaType H eKCTepHMeHTAHO H3MepenHX Temmepatypa Ha Ta6aBHM KonTakriwa y JlaGoparopiijat 3a HeTMITHBARe HHCKOHAMOHCKHX eneKTpHIAHX H po: woSpanckux saurmurHnx tacrasaiuaja Enexrporextmkor pakysrrera Y aupepsurera y Beorpaiy, kao 1 H3MepeHAX Temnepatypa ma6aBHXx KOHTaKaTa y PpeamHoj eneKTpHTHO} HHCTATALUjH, MOK ja Ce 3AKIbYAH Ja je Nojaa BpeNHX TayaKa Ha Ta6ABUM KOHTAK- ‘THMa CHTypHO jenaH of, HajMeMIhUX yspoKa NOKapa Ha eseKYPHIHUM HHICTaAHjaMa [13]. ¥ npiior onom sakyuky Wyle H MAAbeHATA 12 sla6aB KONTAKT He sleTeKTy;y Ka CHHHe 3amTHTHe KOMMOKeHTE. HenoBosbHa OCOGHHA OBAKBOr KBapa je Na, AKO Ce Ha BpeMe He OTKIOHH, AoNa3zH JO MporpecuBHor noBchawa Temmepatype ta6apor cHoja, yeren Yera Morke [Oh [0 TONberba H Naybera HBONALHje eneKTpH4He KOMNOHEHTE, kao H OKOAHOF sarabHBOF MaTepHjasta. BeoMa Yecto ORAKAB KBAp MODKE Ja mpepacre y pesHH enexrpuunn yk. Ha necpehy, pexnn enextpHinH syK jor saKmie W3a3HRa 10- Rap Ha EeKTPHINHM HHCTaNanHjaMa, jep TeMmeparype taza Mory sa Gymy y oricery 2000-6000 °C [4] Y HacTapky cy, kao HulycTpalitja, TpHkasanH TepMOBM3H|CKH CHHMLM CUpoBexeHHX excrlepawenata a yrukayy, Cpu excnepumenty ca na6apia KOHTaKTOM y yTHKAsTy paher cy ca namsmerrinom crpyjom ost 16 A, jep je ToRHKo HaHOCHLTA H HOMMHATHA CTpyja eneKrpHHHX KOMMOHENTH y CTpY|HOM KPyTY ca yerlOcTABsLeHUM saGaBUM KOH rakrom (OF yraaniya n yruicay),58 Tipumersena saitizia u ren ipengosu - 3naittubop 2018._ Ha cout 6 npaxasan je TepMonuanjeni cHUMAK ekcTIepHMeHTAsHO H3asBaHOT Z18- Sanor KOHTAKTA ca NOAATHHM 3anpmarbeM KOHTAKTA. Cama 6, TepMonusnjekn cHHMaK saGaBor m sampaanior KONTaKTa y yTHKayy KojH HIje omIOTUbeH AHas30M TepMOBH3HjCKOP CHHMKA TMpHka3aHor Ha CAML 6 ycraHoBseKO je rroctojatse aGawor KowaKara Koji je mpoHsseo Bpeay TaIKy y yTHKa4y Hamehy Ga- xapHior nposoaHika n cresamKe Ha wenyery (Sanam) yrukava (waKonMauLa TeN- eparypa je wsnocuta oxo 228 °C). Ha commu 7 mpukasaxi cy pAMepH n3 TipaKce Ha KojHMa ce BULLE HOCAeAIMTe MOCTO- jaa nomer xonTaKra y exextpmoj MHcraTaLnja (Fombere HuIaCTIKE M META KOZ ayromarexor mpexiaua Ht nposlyAcHHx KaGstowa yee Mojave omer KOHTaICTA). Canxa 7. Lpamep 13 npaxce: nocnesuile mocrojarsa stouler KoHTaKTa y ewexrpisnioj micranaryij Kputusno erpyjito kono y slowahnnicrsia ca Hajsehi OpojeM extexrpHyE KOH raxara 1 vajneluin crpyjana onepehema je erpyjtio Kono enexrpwtor uiiopera (eeta y crpyjiton Kosty Ha Kojima ce Mone HOjabirtH HOW KONTAKT MpHKasania Cy Ha commu 8). ioe Pasnogna TaG1a Wyso-yrmmunua Ilyko-yruxay TIpuxsey'aK uiriopera Comika 8 Meera y empyjHoM Koay Ha Kojua ce Mowe nojagnrmn stour KoMTAKTTipuserena sauituitia u wenu tipengosu - Zraiau6op 2018. 59 3.5, Tlojaza exexrpwunor syka y eeKTPHuHNM HHCTasannjama Enexrpawnn JIYK MpesteTaBsba CTpyjy KPO3 HeNIOTTYHO jOHMSOBaHY MlasMy HacTany YZapHoM jonnsarajom Tacoga H Mapa, CTROpeHHX 3arpeBarbeM [10 BHILHX TeMHeparypa Aes10Ba OKO BPXOBA eNEKTPOA (TBA MPOROAHHKa Ha PasTHIHTHM eNeKTPHIHHM ToTeH- uujamuma). Unpet matepujam Bpxopa ellekTpoya mpeBogH ce, MpeKo TedHe H racopnte hase, y azy HertornyHo jonuszonane miasme. Kapaxtepucrake syka cy BemKa rycTHHa Crpyje, Ma KaTONHH May, Hanona M BACOKA TeMMepatypa y jOHH30BaHO} oGnacra (2000-6000 °C) [4]. Enexrprann yx Moke OuTH cepujckH — penH WMH ma- pamemun — orowxn (cmnka 9). Penn eneKrpHaHH yk ce Moxe jaBlTHt Ha 6110 KOM MecTy cTpyjHor Kola Oo pasBouue Tabse 0 eneKrpHYKOT NpHjeMHMKa, yKJby4yjyhn paspoguy Ta6my u enexTpHdHH MpujemHuK. MapastemH eneKrpH4H YK ce MO%xKe ja- BUTH WBMeby hasHor H HeyrpanHor nposogHMKa HM u3Mehy asHor MpoBogHNKA H Mace (3aL1ITHTHOF TIpoBosHHKa). Cua 9. TIprep 13 mpaxce: peat (ex) 1 mapastemaH (1ecHo) enexrpHrsHH Ty Penuut exeinpusnu nyk npencrariba onacauijy nojaBy 2aro urro enjemna Knacmta SallITHTHa KOMMOHeHTA (ayTOMATCKH NIpeKHa4, OCHTypay ca TOTUBHRUM yMerKOM, 83YJIC cknonka wry.) He pearyje Ha HeroBy nojany. Ox ce remtana Ha jenHOM mpoRost- HUIKY, a HacTaje youre HCXAGAHOCTH (HMCTPOMeHOCTH) NPOBOAHMKa, caOMX criojeBa y YTHYHHU WHA YTHKAYY, NOWIET KONTAKT NPOBOJLMHKA ca KieMOM y HeKom ypehajy, uta. Crpyja peavor sryka He Moxe Guru Beha on crpyje orrrepehersa, jep je orpannaena onrepelietem u uMmeqaHicom caMor exlekTpHYHOT sya. 4, BEPH®YHKATIMJA EJLEKTPHUHE HHCTAJAWMJE HACKOr HATIOHA Jiga ocuopaa nasuna 3a neTeKToBarse H OTKIamAKe KBApORa y eseKTPH'MIO| HCTA- TaLHjH KOjH Hajyembhe npoyspoxyjy Moxap cy MepHoxWaHa BepuHKaltuja eneKTpHIHe MHCTanayHje H MpaBrtan oa6up samTHTHHX KoMMOHeHTH. [epHoswane BepuaKa- Uuije HHCKOHANOHCKHX eneKTPHUAHX HACTANANHja MpenBHene cy crangapom SRPS HD 60364-6:2012 Enexrpnune wncrarannje Hickor Hanona, Jleo 6: Bepudbuxannja [14] a TpapatHnnom 0 TeXHH4KHM HOpMaTHBHMa 3a eeKTpHYHe HHCTasanHje HHCKOT nartoxa [15]. Taxse sepudmxanuje nozpasywesajy Bu3yemHu nperney, @yHkKMoHaTHe mpowepe H HcHNTHBAMA esleKTpH4HUM MeperbuMa.60. Tpunersena sawituita u reenu itpergosu - 3naitiubop 2018, TaGena 4. Bpcte npernena enexrpuaHHx HEcranauulja it HeperystapriocTa Koje ce nereKTyly Bpera vertu Vonuriparen ce neveRtyjy Orknamatbem NerexToRaHHXx HeqO- barba cravaKa ocTiKe ce 3amlTHTA OM: Tonkapa Enexrpiraior jxapa Busyemmu npe- Ourrehiene eit. kommonenre (yruxau, YTINHHYe, MpeKILIASH, eMOBH Mpujes- Ka W nponyaw 1 Hanojsn KaG0BH) JInyHopaka ymeum ocurypaya, Henc~ panito H3pes1eHH JenOBH esleKTpHIHE nea myn HHCTanamuje H HeHcnpasHo hysKuH0- : > novansienpo- SIRE P| case exexpMsHK KoNmORETH Henpasaaua npukawysewa npujennuxa a et. mpeny. Iperpenarse enextpi- nix Komonena, Henpctynasii 1 Some of|pKaBAHN pasbosHH OpMaiin. TipekwiH 3allITHTHOr HH MpoBodHHKa ee a BHXOBA roneliasa oTHOpHOCT, ) Enexcrpirsnvie Tlerpanauuja en. usosaunie. wepessa Hee*pixacniocr cuetesa saumire ayro- MATCKHM HeKby‘teHbeM Hartajarba y ci siajy knapa, Tepaosiujciar npersten .Bpene rau — out Kovraxra. ~Bpee mninje” — npeontepehent wo- OBI. TIperpevane en. xowmoreirm ~ peor repehiense win nome onnoherse TomIoTe, Y raGemm 4 cy gare epere mperiena enekrpH4HHX WACTaNAUHja, HeperysapHocrn Koje ce MOjeqMAHM TipereyOM AereKryjy M 3allIrHTa KOja ce OcTBapyje (of HoxKapa W/W entekrpmsnor yjfapa) orkstarbaHeM YoueHHX neperysapHocru [16] Yecra je nojapa qa sBaHMUHe Mpersesle eeKTpHYANX HHCTaaLAja BLE HeKOMme- ‘TeNTHE OcoGe, LITO HOBOAM Y MHTae BasbAHOCT Ht BAHAHOCT Crpy4HHX Hatasa. KBa~ SIMTeTaH CIpy4HH Halas 0 Mperweny M MCIMTHBAHY HHCKONATONCKHX eneKTpHYHHX HHCTaalyaja Moe Ja CaTHHH caMO JHTLIOMHpaHH HIDKeHEp eneKtporexHuKe (Opcer 3a eHepeTIIKY), ca TOTOXxEHUM CTpY4HHIM HTINTOM 4a O6aBMame TocOBA Hs OBnACTH 3AlITHTe oO} Hoawkapa H OsPOBapajyhom mmeHtOM ZobujeHoM on HKerepeKe KoMope Cp6uje (npojerrarreon 350 mont napohacncom 450).Tpunersena sawituitia u menu ipengoeu - Zraitubop 2018, 61 5, 3AKJBYYAK TIpersieqom jtoctynue Zomahe u ctpane muTepatype o y3ponmMa noxkapa, yrBpheHo je Ja noxkapH yspoKoRaHH KRapoM Ha ellekTpHYHO] HuCTaNaLjH yyecrByjy ca 10-20% Y YKYHHOM 6pojy Hoxkapa. Moxke ce saknyunTH Ja cy Ba THIIa KBapa — MperpeBame JOWer CNKTPHYHOT KOHTAKTa H PeqHH eseKTPHIAH yk — HajkpHTHIHHjH ca acrreKTa W3A3HBAHA NO‘KApA, 3aTO WTO HX HHjeqHa KACHYHa 3allITHTHa KOMMOHeHTa He eTeK- yje. Kako y namoj 3enubit 6poj cramGennx, rlocnoBEHx Hi jaBHMX objeKaTa, Kao H YKy- naH 6poj eslektpH4HHX rorpomata y UMA, HenpeKHAHO pacte, HoBehaBa ce Hn 6poj TOKalHja Ha KOjHMa Moxe Olin YO Toxkapa y3poKOBaHOr KBapOM Ha eseKTPHIHO} MHCTaIayHjH. AKO Ce TOME Oa YHEeHHIA 2a ce Ha Halle TPKHUITY eneKTpHIHHX KOMIOHEHTH NOjaBybyjy HeKBaMHTeTHH MpOU3BOAH, UAje ce eveKTPHYHe KapakrepH- cTHke He Nogynapajy ca AeKnapHcaHHM, Kao W Ja BeIMKH Opoj HeoBmamheHux mua BPLIH H3BOhere, MOMpaBKe Hi NIpPerpaBKe eMeKTPHYHUX MHCTaNanHja H ypehaja, Moxe ce 3aKby4HTH a je BeponaTHoha HacraHKa Tloxapa Yerey KBapOBA Ha esleKTpHYAHM HHCTaTaIjaMa y Hallo] 2eMba Beha Hero y 3eMJbaMa y KOjHMa TlocTOjH ayeKBaTHa. 3AKOHCKAa peryiaTHBAa Koja Ce TOWITYje. 6. 3AXBAJIHOCT Tipenctanmenu pesystrara cy no6ujenm nerpaxkuparia Koja cy crponenena y oxppy mpojexra TP 36018 dimtaricupanor on ctpae Murnncrapersa mpocnete 1 Ha- ye Peny6amke CpOnje. 7. PEOEPEHUE [1] V. Babrauskas, How Do Electrical Wiring Faults Lead to Structure Ignitions?, in Proc. Fire and Materials 2001 Conf., London, pp. 39-51, 2001 [2] M. Jlasuqosuh, H. Xagmedenuh, J. Tprysonnb, Onacnoer og wacranxa nookapa yore, KopHiuthera eeKTPOHHCTasaMOHAX KOMMOHEHTH JOUIeT KBaqHTeTa — MposyKHH KaonOBH, besGepHocr, 55 (2013) 140-159. [3] M. Kocrah, Teopuja 4 npakca npojekropatba enexTpHTHHX HHCTamatnja — Apyro, TpomMpero n3yarBe, AKaslemcKa mucao, Beorpag, 2005. [4] H. Xagnedensuh, [rerun edvoxrn nojave peaHor exneKrpHynor styka y HHCKOHANOHCKHM eseKTPHYAHM HHCTalalajama, Maruerapern pag, Exexrporexnnagn dpaxysrer y Beorpasy, 2002 [5] CTIF World Fire Statistics, Report No. 10, Centre of Fire Statistics of CTIF. Belgium, 2006. [6] European Copper Institute, Overview of electrical safety in 11 countries, Barcelona, 2002. [7 US. Fire Administration National Fire Data Center, Residential Building Electrical Fires, Topical Fire Report Series, Volume 8, Issue 2, March 2008 [8] L Miller, Human Behaviour Contributing to Unintentional Domestic fire Deaths 1997-2003. New Zealand Fire Service Commission Research Report Number 47, Heimdall Consulting Ltd, New Zealand, 2005.62 Tpunetvera sawitiuitia u menu iipengosu - Znaitiubop 2018. [9] bttp://www-usfa.dhs, gov/statistics/national/residential.shtm (15. 4. 2018) [10] H. Xanmespensuih, 3. Parakosuh, J. Tpupywonnh, JI. Bubosuh, Enexrpuane micranannje — sect yspox nloxkapa, 36opHHK parosa I cageroBarba y O61aCTH 3aluTHTe oR Hoxapa, crp. 111-122, Beorpaxt 2008. [11] SRPS HD 60364-5-52:2012, Enexrpaune macTamalije HHcKor HaroHa — Teo 5- 52: Va6op n nocrasmare exekrprne onpeme ~ EsiexrpHsni paszon, Vicrutyr 3a cransaprusannjy Cp6uje, Beorpay, 2012. [12] H. Xauwedenah, J. Tpudynosuh, H. Kocrah, M. Kocrah, Anannsa yrumtaja SIOWHX KOHTAKATA Y eNeKTPHAHHM MHCTasaLWjaMa Ha H3a3HBakbe ToxKapa, Texnuxa, 68 (2013), 81-87. [13] EL. Xaumesbensub, A. Tararopuh, M. Jlasngosuh, B. Byxajaonut, J. ‘Tpubyxonnh, Moryhxocr yxanpefjersa saurrure oGjekara on noxkapa HiicrasmparseM KOMMOHEHTH 3a JeTeKUUjy peNHOr enexrpIHOT NyKA, 3GopHAK partona III caperonarsa y oOsiacrn samirate on noxKapa, oxp. 45-66, Beorpak 2013. [14] SRPS HD 60364-6: 2012 Enexrpuane HHcrasanuje HACKOr HamoHa, Jleo 6: Bepurbuxannja, Uucraryr 3a crannapausaunjy CpOuje, Beorpan, 2012. [15] TIpasuniak 0 TexHaKHM HopMaTHEHMa 3a eneKTpHe HHCTaraUHje RUCKOT Hanona, Caryox6eun suet COP! 6p. 53/88, 54/88 u 28/95. [16] Hl. Koctuh, M. Byxosuh, H. Xaymerpenuh, Meroyozoruja 3a npesewrupie TepHonWune npersiene HHICKOHAMOHCKUX eneKTPHUHINX HHCTUTALL Y arpaana, Texrinka, 68 (2013), 285-292. _