7.2 Himss Insights Ebook Ai PDF

7.
2 | DEC 2018
++ Algorithm, explain yourself!

++ AI goes clinic – are we ready yet?
++ Triage bots – are they tracking
towards standard of care?
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
WELCOME
The case for clinical intelligence
While there is certainly good reason to let algo-

rithms trawl through patient records for signs
of rare diseases, for example, there is a far less
Philipp Grätzel von Grätz
Editorial Director compelling case for using computers in clinical
HIMSS INSIGHTS symptom evaluation. Diagnosing from scratch
is cool, true, but it is something that doctors are
pretty good at. Hard to beat in fact. It is also a
The term artificial intelligence (AI) has become field in which pitfalls exceed missed opportu-
a buzzword of sorts across all industries and nities by magnitudes.
markets. Next to self-driving cars, healthcare
automation is among the first examples that Advancing AI in healthcare requires practi-
people tend to give when they rave about the cal intelligence on the side of the innovators. It
merits of algorithms. requires identifying gaps instead of mimicking
what works reasonably well anyway. Let doctors
If you want to look intelligent in healthcare- plan their tumor therapies. Let them read pub-
related AI discussions, you can point out that lications themselves. They know how to do it.
there is no clear definition of AI, that machine What they don’t know is how to identify cancer
learning has been around for decades longer patients who will benefit from immunotherapy.
than smartphones, and that many different This is a huge gap, and it is only one exam-
types of AI exist which makes talking broadly ple worth contemplating about. Think about
about ‘AI applications’ mindless to a certain screening. Think about resource allocation. Go
degree. But true as these objections are, they into the details, instead of trying to heal the
don’t get to the point either. world in one step.
What really needs to be discussed in health- In this issue of HIMSS Insights, you will find
care is use cases. Are those who code or fund some promising AI use cases. But we also
healthcare-related AI algorithms really aware pinpoint areas that need to be addressed by
of the practical needs? Or is pattern recognition, regulators and/or developers in order to make
where algorithms are useful, too often confused AI in healthcare a success story. Join us.
with managing complexity, where algorithms Provide feedback. Share experiences. And
are not so useful? above all, have a great 2019!
2 | HIMSS INSIGHTS 7.2 | DEC 2018 | ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

In partnership with:
CONTENTS
Welcome
2 The case for clinical intelligence
The Briefing
4 AI in Healthcare: Is industry expecting too much?
Perspectives
5 How is your institution using AI or Machine Learning?
Strategy
6 AI goes clinic - Are we ready yet?
Politics & Economics

11 Old world on a new mission
16 A matter of conduct
20
Algorithm, explain yourself!

Technology Update
20 Algorithm, explain yourself!
Global Trends
24 Triage bots – are they tracking towards standard of care?
Leaders of Change
30 Pushing healthcare to new boundaries
31 AI and the physician – A blessing or curse?
31 Community
34 Working together to transform healthcare through
AI and the physician – information and technology; an update
A blessing or curse?
Upcoming Events
36 Your chance to network, connect and innovate

THE BRIEFING
AI IN HEALTHCARE:
Is industry expecting too much?
Moderate interest in the market Big plans on the vendor side Who to pay?
16%
59% 79% 66%
... of healthcare
facilities use AI
tools already ... say that they don’t
... of healthcare
have any plans to ... of all software vendors say that organizations don’t
use AI tools at the they either use AI tools already or have provide sufficient budget
moment specific plans to include them in their to invest into AI
portfolio, mostly within 1 or 2 years
TOP 4 areas towards which TOP 4 areas in which software

healthcare organizations plan to vendors plan to provide AI tools
channel their AI investments
Workflow Assistance Preliminary Diagnosis
Medication Workflow
Administration Assistance
Medication
Oncology Administration
Radiology Oncology
Source: HIMSS Analytics

eHealth TRENDBAROMETER
2018 AI in Healthcare. Based on
562 survey participants from
17 European countries. 48%
from health facilities, 16% from
software vendors, 11% from
government health authorities,
25% from other occupations
including research.
Illustration: Nina Eggemann

THE PERSPECTIVES
Q. How is your institution using Artificial

Intelligence or Machine Learning?
AI, Machine Learning expected

to disrupt healthcare
Claus Duedal Pedersen, Head of
International Department, Odense
University Hospital, Denmark
Using CE-marked, FDA-approved

AI tool in clinical settings
Bart Geerts, consultant and senior
researcher of anesthesiology at
Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
AI and machine learning tools support

doctors in clinical practice
Dr. Ngiam Kee Yuan, Group Chief
Technology Officer at the National
University Hospital, Singapore

STRATEGY
AI GOES CLINIC –
ARE WE READY YET?
The whole world talks about AI in healthcare, but
how far are we in terms of adoption in clinical
routine? Are physicians ready? Miikka Korja,
cerebrovascular neurosurgeon and CIO at Helsiniki
University Hospital (HUH), shared his view on
the topic ahead of HIMSS & Health 2.0 European
conference in June in the Finnish capital.
By Mélisande Rouger

STRATEGY
Q. What are the most promising application areas for

clinical AI?
Designing truly advantageous and novel AI
applications for tertiary care, one needs to envision
future healthcare in a realistic way. Many business-
oriented and money-driven healthcare executives
repeat the trendy mantra that ‘traditional healthcare
is terminally ill, and imprecise diagnostics and
therapeutics lead inevitably to continuously increasing
costs in the future’. Some executives have swallowed
the bait set by big pharmaceutical companies and
swear by precision medicine, which they believe solves
most problems today.
Teaching AI At HUH, a non-profit, academic hospital, we also

with debatable data believe that diagnostics and therapeutics could be
measures and features improved further, for the benefit of patients. How-
will rarely, if ever, lead to ever, in a top-notch tertiary care center such as HUH,
success.” so-called traditional healthcare is far from being ter-
Miikka Korja, CIO, minally ill.
Helsiniki University Hospital
Improving our diagnostic and treatment processes has

always been the fundamental basis of our thinking and
we have welcomed AI. We think it is best exploited in
critically ill patients. Here is why:
First, diagnostics and treatment of these patients is

overly challenging and needs vast expertise, which is
partially lost when experts eventually retire. If AI can
take over some of these challenging steps, they will be
standardized and improved. Furthermore, knowledge
will not be lost alongside retirements.
Second, the amount of data that is gathered when

treating critically ill patients is humongous, and this
‘big data’ is easily anonymized. Having anonymized
big data sets is overly important, as data privacy issues
are among the biggest roadblocks for the widespread
use of AI solutions in Europe.

STRATEGY
Automation is not a choice Third, outcome measures in

critical medicine are truly black-
and-white. In many AI projects,
the study group cannot even
agree on the study feature, i.e.
whether a spot on the lung X-ray
scan is a tumor, infection or an
artefact. Teaching AI with debat-
able data measures and features
will rarely, if ever, lead to suc-
cess. In critical medicine, death
or bleeding in the brain on a
Joe Kvedar, VP of Connected Health, Partners computed tomography scan is
HealthCare, says it is imperative that rather unambiguous to measure.
technology is integrated safely and effectively
into healthcare, while emphasizing that AI
Fourth, imaging studies of critically ill patients often
can complement care, rather than replace
the clinician. associate with outcome. Therefore, these imaging
studies consist of highly meaningful and important
pixel data, which is the best petrol for AI engines.
We have a handful of ongoing AI projects in critical

medicine. For example, we have generated AI solutions
for critically ill preterm infants, brain trauma patients
and brain haemorrhage patients. These and many
HIMSS TV features programming from
major HIMSS events and many of the other solutions will be presented at HIMSS & Health
industry's thought leaders. 2.0 European conference in June.
SEE LATEST COVERAGE Q. Why do many clinicians remain skeptical despite

many convincing studies on radiomics, risk stratifi-
cation, etc.?
I can only speak on behalf of HUH, and I haven’t
noticed that our healthcare professionals are skepti-
cal about such topics. One of the reasons may be our
unique approach in adapting AI solutions in daily prac-
tice. Many hospitals all over the world buy AI solutions
from big or small vendors, whereas we have our own
hospital AI team, which, together with top-level clin-
ical specialists and major AI vendors, tackle clinically
relevant problems, using purely academic approaches.

STRATEGY
As no single company today can offer all necessary

tools for creating clinically meaningful AI solutions
in a wide variety of medical fields, our approach of
collaborating with numerous big companies has
proven to be a promising and somewhat revolutionary
Many hospitals all way. In brief, by creating a big bunch of in-house
over the world buy AI AI experts consisting of nurses, doctors and data
solutions from big or scientists, we are able to conduct academic high-
small vendors, whereas quality AI research, and we are not dependent on
we have our own hospital products available on the market. In fact, most of
AI team, which tackle these market products are very immature.
clinically relevant
problems, using purely Q. How close are we to real-time AI assisted risk
academic approaches.” monitoring?
Miikka Korja, CIO, We are already there. We are currently running a real-
Helsiniki University Hospital time risk score algorithm in a prospective study setup
in the pediatric intensive care unit. It is very likely
that only giant, academic and non-profit hospitals can
create, validate and particularly maintain risk-mon-
itoring algorithms in the future. As risk monitoring
algorithms are never “ready” but need constant and
never-ending validations and maintenance, a stake-
holder needs to stand on firm ground and have genuine
intentions to improve care, not make financial profits.
HUH will have a rather substantial role in the medical
AI field in the future.
Q. Is medical device regulation ready for these kinds

of applications?
Let’s stress one aspect of medical device regulation.
Unfortunately, medical errors occur on a daily basis,
even in the world’s best hospitals. Let’s say that if
today’s accuracy of head CT scan diagnostics was 85%
in hospital X, and by using a novel AI image anal-
ysis solution the same figure would be 95%, many
regulators would disapprove such a solution. The
constantly repeated statement would be that the AI
solution with a 5% error margin exposes patients to
medical hazards. These people, who rarely are medi-

STRATEGY
cal professionals, have difficulties understanding that

the solution actually improves today’s medical care,
despite errors.
Finland has all the Q. Is liability an issue, and if so, how could it be
requirements to become solved?
the leader in healthcare AI, It is and that’s why big non-profit academic hospitals
with solutions that serve the have a major role in implementing AI solutions
whole population, not only the in medical care. Such tertiary hospitals take the
wealthy.” responsibility of the patient in any case, and AI
Miikka Korja, CIO, Helsiniki University Hospital solutions are often just an add-on tool guiding or
helping in making scientifically sound treatment
decisions and diagnostic statements.
Q. How much has Finland implemented AI in health-

care?
Finland has long been pictured as a land of a thousand
lakes. When it comes to AI, Finland should be pictured
as a land of a thousand registries. These registries have
been validated through academic studies over and over
again, and this massive amount of digitally stored
healthcare data is the key for success in AI. The coun-
try had the first electronic healthcare records already
in the 1960s, and by 2007, nearly 100% of the health-
care facilities used electronic patient record systems.
Furthermore, most of the people, including the elderly,
have smartphones and use the Internet on a regu-
lar basis – we are a digital native nation. The country
has a nationwide AI program, and for example free
online AI courses are offered to all citizens. Inequities
in healthcare and social care are relatively small, and
high-quality care is available to everyone without a
fear of bankruptcy. Finland has all the requirements
to become the leader in healthcare AI, with solutions
that serve the whole population, not only the wealthy. I
Learn more from Miikka Korja at
think these are also the reasons why major AI vendors
HIMSS & HEALTH 2.0
EUROPEAN CONFERENCE have focused on collaborative projects with HUH in
11-13 June 2019 in Helsinki, Finland recent years. Companies also want to “make good”, not
only make money.

POLITICS & ECONOMICS
OLD WORLD
ON A NEW MISSION
December 2017 >> Finnish AI Strategy March 2018 >> French AI Strategy March 2018 >>
Italian Whitepaper ‘AI at the Service of Citizens’ April 2018 >> The European Commission’s
Communication on AI April 2018 >> UK’s AI Sector Deal May 2018 >> Swedish AI Strategy
November 2018 >> German AI Strategy
Europe was late to recognize the disruptive potentials of the platform

economy. It doesn‘t want to be left behind once again. Artificial
intelligence is becoming a major pillar of innovation policy, and
healthcare is among the disciplines that receive the most attention.
Will it be enough to compete?
By Philipp Grätzel von Grätz

W
herever you go in Europe, AI is already there.
In November, the German government
announced its national AI strategy, a draft
of which had been published in the summer of 2018
already. Now the strategy has a price tag: €3bn is about
Many topics that are to be invested by the German government over the
called AI now were called course of six years, the first €500m of which will flow
digitization before.” in 2019.
Group leader, German Federal Ministry
for Economic Affairs and Energy Germany was comparably late. In March 2018, French
president Emmanuel Macron announced that his gov-
ernment would invest €1.5bn into AI by 2022. March
2018 also saw the publication of the White Paper ‘Arti-
ficial Intelligence at the service of the citizen’ by the
Italian government’s Digital Agency. In April, the UK
came out with its ‘AI sector deal’, worth £1bn, includ-
ing £300m of private sector investment. And in May,
Sweden released what they called their ‘National
Approach for Artificial Intelligence’.
On a European level, the European Commission has

published its ‘Communication on Artificial Intelligence
for Europe’ in April 2018, to be debated in the European
Parliament in due course. The European Commission
will also increase its investments into AI under the
research and development framework program
Horizon 2020 to around €1.5bn by the end of 2020.
AI: ANOTHER WORD FOR DIGITIZATION?

So what is going on in the old world? Interestingly,
many European governments don’t really define what
they consider to be ‘AI’. “Many topics that are called
AI now were called digitization before”, said a group
leader in the German Federal Ministry for Economic
Affairs and Energy recently, adding that he did not
want to be quoted with this sentence directly.
March 2017 >> Pan Canadian AI Strategy July 2017 >> Next Generation AI Plan China

In terms of AI has certainly become a political buzzword. But in

developing AI Europe, it seems to be more. It has evolved into a met-
technologies, Europe aphor for global competitiveness. Many European
is strong in core AI politicians consider AI to be a battle field of sorts, with
systems, but it is under- the battle being about the economic future of the con-
represented in industrial tinent. The fear is that, once again, Europe contributes
applications.” much of the underlying research to a rapidly evolving
European Parliament Study on AI field related to computer sciences, but that much of the
commercial fruits will be reaped elsewhere, in the US,
and even more so in East Asia.
The ‘European Parliament Study on AI’ that was pub-

lished in October 2018 is an interesting read in this
context, because its tone is very self-confident and
very sheepish simultaneously: “In terms of developing
AI technologies, Europe is strong in core AI systems,
but it is under-represented in industrial applications”,
the study analyzes. A couple of sentences later, the
authors point out that Europe, including the UK, has
in fact more AI research institutions than the US or
China, while only one in five European companies is
actively using AI solutions. This figure goes down to
5% when looking at the EU-typical small and medium
enterprises (SME) only.
December 2017 >> Finnish AI Strategy March 2018 >> French AI Strategy
March 2018 >> Italian Whitepaper ‘AI at the Service of Citizens’

TOO LITTLE ROOM FOR HEALTHCARE?

What about healthcare? Politicians who rave about
the potential of AI like to talk about healthcare appli-
cations. But the reality is that healthcare is severely
under-represented in most European AI strategies. The
German Digital Summit in Nuremberg in early Decem-
ber is an example among many: The summit was
dedicated to AI, but in the official program, there was
not a single session dealing specifically with health-
care or medicine.
Not that there aren’t ambitious

We are not so sure at the moment whether healthcare related AI projects in
European governments are heading in the right Europe. The NHS teaching hos-
direction. Regulation should not be a barrier to AI.” pital Bradford Royal Infirmary
Sylvie Donnasson, CEO, HealthInnov is, together with GE, building
an AI-based command center
to allocate patients and resources based on real-time
data analytics. The German health insurance pro-
vider Techniker Krankenkasse, together with Berlin
and US based Ada Health, is boosting its patient hot-
line with an AI symptom checker in conjunction with
video-conferencing to medical doctors. In the NHS,
similar projects are under way with Babylon Health.
And Sao Joao Hospital in Portugal is among the world
leaders in real-time AI-powered patient tracking for
medical decision support.
Like with telemedicine a decade earlier, all these are

pilot projects though. Is there really enough political
tailwind in Europe, and particularly in Central Europe,
to turn research into application, to create a true and
vibrant market for healthcare-related AI tools? Are
politicians really aware of what kind of legal and
regulatory measures are necessary to get beyond
pilot projects?
April 2018 >> The European Commission’s Communication on AI

WHAT IS REALLY GOING ON IN THE MARKET?

The CEO of the Paris-based consultancy HealthIn-
nov, Sylvie Donnasson, is convinced that in order to
make ‘AI made in Europe’ a success story, the Euro-
pean authorities need better feedback regarding the
needs and specific requirement of both companies and
healthcare providers who want to engage in medical
AI: “There is a need for regulation, but it has to come
in a way that allows for experiments and innovative
approaches. Regulation should not be a barrier to AI.”
Sylvie Donnasson is among the co-ordinators of

‘HAI EurObs’, a Europe-wide observatory around AI
in healthcare, initiated by a consortium of compa-
nies that includes the pharmaceutical company Pierre
Fabre and the IT company Microsoft. The objective of
this ambitious project, which will continue to develop
over time, is to accelerate the market and promote the
use of AI solutions in healthcare. “The initiative aims
to identify and qualify SME solutions using AI as an
underlying technology and to target various key stake-
holders including patients, health professionals, care
providers and payers,” says Donnasson.
The first call for participation, primarily directed at

SMEs, was issued in July 2018 through the EU funded
What do eHealth Hub Europe platform. Participants had to
you think? answer almost 40 questions around funding, type of
application, and underlying AI technology, etc. “First
Are politicians aware of
what kind of legal and regulatory results will be announced at the beginning of next
measures are necessary to get year. What we see is that many companies target diag-
beyond pilot projects? nostic applications for example and that other fields
seem to be somewhat under-represented.”
GET IN TOUCH
to let us know your thoughts
April 2018 >> UK’s AI Sector Deal May 2018 >> US: White House Task Force for AI Development
May 2018 >> Swedish AI Strategy November 2018 >> German AI Strategy

A MATTER OF CONDUCT
With a new Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation, an AI Council,

and a joint-departmental Office for AI, the UK seems to be striving
ahead with initiatives aiming to position itself at the helm of the AI
revolution. Looking at healthcare, the government’s new code of
conduct for AI and data driven technologies seeks to create a trusted
environment that will enable innovation, trying to cut through the
hype. What does it all mean?
T
By Leontina Postelnicu he UK’s National Health Service (NHS) has one
of the most powerful assets in the world when
looking at unleashing the power of innovation
and digital technology: Its data. Yet why does it not
find itself at the forefront of efforts to drive improve-
ments in the delivery of health care through the use
of AI and machine learning, amid growing pressures,
including an ageing population, scarce resources and
a shortage of staff?

Born out of the ideal that healthcare should be free at

the point of use for everyone, the NHS provides ser-
vices for more than 64 million people in the UK, but
you would be mistaken to think that the health service
was a single, large institution. The NHS is made up of a
collection of organizations, and slow progress in mov-
ing away from paper-based processes has meant that
its data remain fragmented and, experts say, not prop-
erly utilized.
Looking at the new funding settlement for the NHS

and former Health Minister Lord Darzi’s Review
of Health and Care, Harry Quilter-Pinner, Senior
Research Fellow at the Institute for Public Policy
Research, recently argued that an investment in
improving the digital infrastructure of the health
Google London HQ
service and driving integration of datasets were
Source: Willy Barton/Shutterstock
required to address increasing challenges.
But the announcement that the team behind the devel-

opment of DeepMind Health’s Streams app, which
helps doctors and nurses spot signs of Acute Kidney
Injury (AKI), would be moving to Google, under the
leadership of Dr David Feinberg, who will chart the
tech giant’s healthcare strategy, reignited a debate
about the privacy and security of patients’ data.
CREATING A TRUSTED ENVIRONMENT

The ten principles The UK’s Department of Health and Social Care said
of the code include earlier this year that it would release a new version
a requirement to of the code of conduct for AI and other data-driven
make use of data technologies in December. The first version outlines
and interoperability a set of principles to ensure that data privacy is at the
standards, with security heart of any partnerships that the NHS forges with
a key part of the design, tech companies.
and provide evidence
of effectiveness for The initial code, only voluntary at this stage, does not
the intended use of a replace or bring any changes to existing regulatory
particular solution.” frameworks. The second iteration, addressing items

raised by stakeholders in response to the initial ver-

sion, will become, once published, a collaboratively
agreed standard.
The idea behind it is to create a trusted environment

for AI and data-driven technologies in healthcare,
ensuring that better services are provided for patients
and citizens, that professionals are able to leverage
new tools to improve delivery of care, that commis-
sioners know which solutions can meet the needs of
their population, and that entrepreneurs continue to
innovate in the UK.
The work of a number of companies has been cited

during the past year as an example of how the NHS
could gain real value from these partnerships, includ-
Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust,
has partnered with Sensyne Health. ing Sensyne Health or Ultromics, both based in Oxford.
Pictured: John Radcliffe Hospital aerial view Sensyne, which signed up to the initial code back in
Source: Oxford University Hospitals September, has so far inked partnerships with three
NHS trusts to analyze anonymized patient data by
using its clinical AI tech to speed up the drug develop-
ment process and accelerate medical research, through
which the organizations are reportedly set to receive a
stake in the company and benefit from royalties gen-
erated by any discoveries. In November, the company
announced that it was partnering with EY to scale up
its business and build on its unique model.
Beyond this, however, the ten principles of the code

include a requirement to make use of data and inter-
operability standards, with security a key part of the
design, and provide evidence of effectiveness for the
intended use of a particular solution. Innovators should
also be able to show the type of algorithms they are
building or how they plan to monitor their perfor-
mance on an ongoing basis.
The code will complement the Data Ethics Frame-

work published by the Department for Digital, Culture,

Creating ‘medical intelligence’: Getting clinicians involved in healthcare’s AI transformation

major HIMSS events and many of the
industry's thought leaders.
SEE LATEST COVERAGE
Anthony Chang, MD, chief intelligence and innovation officer at CHOC,

explains to Adam Culberston, HIMSS innovator in residence, how
machine learning will “augment the intelligence of the clinician” and
ultimately lead to better decision making.
Media and Sport, while the Government’s Office for AI

will work with the Open Data Institute to look at the
potential of data trusts, and an AI Council will over-
see the implementation of the UK’s £1bn AI sector deal
from 2017.
The role of the Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation,

a world first initiative chaired by Roger Taylor, founder
of healthcare data firm Dr Foster, will be closely fol-
lowed. Announced in the 2017 Autumn Budget, the new
center will guide ethical and innovative uses of data,
helping to advise the government on the need for spe-
cific policy and regulatory action. Taylor was recently
What do announced as one of the members of the UK’s Health-

Tech Advisory Board, set up by Health and Social Care
you think? Secretary Matt Hancock to support the delivery of its
Will the UK become a plans to overhaul the NHS IT infrastructure.
trailblazer for data-driven
healthcare technologies? While the industry now eagerly awaits the new version
of the code of conduct, it is clear that the UK wants to
GET IN TOUCH become a hotbed for data-driven healthcare technolo-
to let us know your thoughts
gies. Will it succeed?

TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
ALGORITHM,
EXPLAIN
YOURSELF!
Deep learning algorithms are black boxes, and this could

well hamper the uptake of AI in regular medical care. But
there are ways out of the dilemma. They should be used.
By Philipp Grätzel von Grätz
AI
has not made it into daily medical care on a large scale yet. But an
increasing number of clinicians, even beyond radiology and pathol-
ogy, are becoming interested in it, and more and more research
papers on AI algorithms are being published in mainstream medical journals.

TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
An exciting recent project by Dr. Matthieu Komorowski

and Prof. Aldo Faisal from Imperial College and NHS
Trust London has taken AI to a new level. In criti-
cal care scenarios, AI algorithms have so far mostly
been used to risk-stratify patients: Which patient will
AI tools based develop renal failure? Who will bleed after open heart
on deep learning can surgery? Such are the questions that AI researchers
predict critical medical have addressed. And successfully so in many cases. AI
events more reliably than tools based on deep learning can predict critical medi-
traditional risk scores.” cal events more reliably than traditional risk scores.
Komorowski and Faisal have done something com-

pletely different. Their algorithm, they call it the ‘AI
Clinician’, is making therapeutic suggestions to opti-
mize treatment of sepsis patients. The suggestions are
about administration of intravenous fluids and vaso-
pressors. And this is relevant because mortality among
sepsis patients remains very high, and experts think
that at least part of the difference in sepsis mortality
between different hospitals can be attributed to subop-
timal fluid and vasopressor therapy.
In a first step, the algorithm analyzed a dataset of more

than 60,000 patients with early sepsis in relation to 48
parameters that are typically measured and documented
in intensive care units. The result of this analysis were
500 models that were then tested against another 16,000
patients to identify the one model that resulted in the
highest patient safety, i.e. lowest mortality.
Finally, this winning model was validated against
another 17,000 patients. And the researchers were able
to show that sepsis mortality was lowest in patients in
which clinicians had prescribed vasopressors and flu-
ids in a way that would have been recommended by the
winning model.
EXPLAINING DIAGNOSIS
What makes this research, which was published in
Nature Medicine, outstanding is that the research-

TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
ers were able to identify the factors that determined

the algorithm’s decisions. The publication includes a
top-ten type of list with the parameters most relevant
for recommendations on both fluid and vasopressor
therapy. In other words: An intensive care doctor who
Source: www.comm.rwth-aachen.de
the algorithm would know why a certain approach
was recommended. The ‘AI Clinician’ at least partly
explains itself.
This is important, says Prof. Andreas Holzinger, head

of the research unit ‘Human Computer Interaction for
Medicine & Health’ at Medical University Graz, Austria.
“Doctors want to know why a piece of software gives

Machines are pretty a certain recommendation before acting accordingly.
good in tasks like pattern And it is also a question of liability”, Holzinger says.
recognition, but so far
they are not very good He continues: “Part of the EU General Data Protection
in assessing the broader Regulation is a so called ‘right to explanation’ which
picture.” says that a subject has the right to know why decisions
Prof. Andreas Holzinger, are taken in cases of automated decision-making. Deep
Medical University Graz, Austria learning systems won’t be accepted by doctors if they
cannot set forth why they come up with a certain diag-
nosis or make a certain recommendation.”
And here is a problem: So far, the vast majority of deep

learning algorithms are simply not capable of explain-
ing their decisions. The sepsis AI research project
mentioned earlier is an example of an AI tool that does
indeed explain itself. It is not deep learning, though,
but a different, albeit highly computerized approach to
machine learning called reinforcement learning based
on Markov models.
“Explainable AI remains in research stage with this

type of AI too. But the ability to explain is easier to
reach with Markov models than with deep learning
algorithms. Unfortunately, Markov models cannot be
used for all kinds of questions. They work well with

TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
very clear-cut, very focused questions, but less well

with more general ones,” Holzinger comments.
‘DEEP LEARNING ALGORITHMS ARE NOT A

COMPLETE BLACK BOX’
So what to do in situations in which clinical AI tools
based on deep learning algorithms are desirable and in
which the ability to explain is sought-after? In Graz,
Holzinger and his colleagues have been trying to teach
deep learning algorithms how to explain themselves
for several years now. It works, but it is difficult: “Deep
learning algorithms are not a complete black box. On
a mathematical level, we understand pretty well what
these algorithms do. But this is very abstract. The
challenge is to translate this back into a type of infor-
Explainable AI remains mation that a clinician can interpret.”
in research stage with
this type of AI too. But the According to Holzinger, there are different approaches
ability to explain is easier to get this translation done: “In the end it is about
to reach with Markov additional self-learning algorithms that have to be
models than with deep trained do the translation. The problem is that these
learning algorithms.” underlying algorithms are pretty complex.” Holzinger
Prof. Andreas Holzinger, has an example that shows what this kind of algo-
Medical University Graz, Austria rithm could do: “In pathology, for example, we can
train an explanatory algorithm to tell us which regions
have contributed to the diagnosis that the clinical
algorithm suggests.”
This is where the doctor comes back into the loop,

where they can assess the algorithm’s recommen-
dation and form their own idea about whether a
recommendation is relevant or makes sense or not.
“Machines are pretty good in tasks like pattern rec-
ognition, but so far they are not very good in assessing
the broader picture”, says Holzinger. His vision of AI
in clinical medicine is the one of a doctor in the driv-
ing seat, who is assisted by various AI tools somewhat
similar to a driver who is assisted, but not replaced,
by power-steering.

GLOBAL TRENDS
TRIAGE BOTS – ARE THEY

TRACKING TOWARDS
STANDARD OF CARE?
Savvy hospitals like Boston Children’s in the US and some in the

UK’s NHS are working with chatbot start-ups to create new ways
to interface with patients seeking care.
By Laura Lovett

GLOBAL TRENDS
I
t’s an all too famiiar scene — 2 a.m. and the com-
puter screen is open to a Google search leading the
user down every possible scenario and health scare.
The patient then has to decide based on whatever
We want to use AI search has come up whether or not a trip the emer-
to improve a provider’s gency room is in order.
ability to diagnose
consistently and That’s where AI chatbots have come in to play. More
accurately, see more and more digital health companies are focusing on
patients and, most providing a place for patients to triage symptoms and
importantly, help their then find help.
patients get the care
they need.” “It is really difficult for people to understand whether
Pascal Zuta, CEO, GYANT to go to the ER, the urgent care center, the retail clinic,
telemedicine, the nurse call line — any of those,” Dr.
Andrew Le, CEO and cofounder of Buoy Health, said.
“It’s hard for people to know which of those options
are appropriate because at the end of the day people
didn’t get trained medically to triage their cough.”
Triage chatbots are presented as an alternative to

googling the internet for symptoms. Typically in a
patient facing chatbot the user can put in information
and will then be asked a number of questions based on
their presenting symptoms. At the end of a session the
bot can give the user a little bit more information about
their condition and suggestions about next steps. Some
chatbots lead to video chats or patient booking sys-
tems, while others just give suggestions about where to
turn for help.
The main idea is to help folks find resources. Le was

inspired to start his company when his father became
sick during Le’s last year of medical school.
For the most part AI triage chatbots aren’t looking to

take doctor’s jobs anytime soon. In fact, many aren’t
even diagnosing. “We are not diagnosing people,” Le
said. “We are just trying to help them understand most

GLOBAL TRENDS
likely what is going on so that they get

to the right type of care at the right
time.”
SUPPORT FOR THE DOCTOR

Many bots are looking to support doc-
tors’ work rather than replace it. The
idea is to relieve the burden on doctors
and medical teams.
GYANT CEO Pascal Zuta said the com-

pany’s triage chatbot handles some of
the tasks that lead to provider burnout, such as chart-
ing and documentation, replying to patient emails and
post-visit follow-ups.
“We want to use AI to improve a provider’s abil-

ity to diagnose consistently and accurately, see more
patients and, most importantly, help their patients get
the care they need,” Zuta said.
UK-based Babylon lets users answer a number of ques-

tions via the chatbot and if need be hands the case off
to a clinician via video call.
“In our healthcare system we already divvy up health-

care concerns between people with different skills.
Not all patients will receive their care or advice by a
doctor, many will be dealt with by excellent nurses
or even by administrative staff that may hand out a
leaflet,” Nils Hammerla PhD, Machine Leaning Spe-
cialist, Babylon, said. In June Babylon made news
when it announced that its technology outper-
formed new doctors in a simulation version of the
UK’s Member of the Royal College of General Prac-
titioners (MRCGP) exam. The company said that its
technology recorded an 81 percent score on the recre-
ated test, which was 9 percent higher than the average
passing score for UK medical students.

GLOBAL TRENDS
AI AND CHATBOT PARTNERSHIPS

Leaders in the triage chatbot space have started team-
ing up with major providers and health systems.
In August Buoy announced a new partnership

with Boston Children’s Hospital. As part of the deal
Buoy will be creating a version of its product for the
It’s a balancing hospital’s website and work with doctor’s from the
act, on the one hand, hospital to get help evaluating its pediatric algorithm.
you don’t want to stifle
innovation. On the other Meanwhile, in the UK Babylon has made strides with
hand, these are so-called the NHS. Eventually the pair rolled out the NHS GP at
low-risk medical Hand service, which lets patients see a practitioner
devices.” through the app once they have switched from their
Michael Millenson, president, current GP. According to the website, the service is
Health Quality Advisors LLC available for people living or working within 40 min-
utes of one of their clinics. If needed a patient can see a
physician in person. Currently there are five clinics all
within Greater London.
CRITICISM
Chatbot technology is not without controversy. After
Babylon announced that its triage chatbot outper-
formed new doctors in a simulation version of the
MRCGP exam, the company faced a major backlash.
“The potential of technology to support doctors to

deliver the best possible patient care is fantastic, but
at the end of the day, computers are computers, and
GPs are highly-trained medical professionals: the two
can’t be compared and the former may support but will
never replace the latter,” Martin Marshall, vice chair
of the Royal College of General Practitioners, said in a
statement. “Much of what GPs do is based on a trust-
ing relationship between a patient and a doctor, and
research has shown GPs have a ‘gut feeling’ when they
just know something is wrong with a patient.”
However, for the most part triage chatbots are direct-

ing people to doctors care rather than totally replacing

GLOBAL TRENDS
AI integration into workflows minimizes tools to ease doctor burden

SEE LATEST COVERAGE
Jennifer Esposito, general manager of Health and Life Sciences at

Intel, explains how AI benefits workflows
that care. But some say that even giving advice can
be problematic.
“It’s a balancing act, on the one hand, you don’t want

to stifle innovation. On the other hand, these are
so-called low-risk medical devices,” Michael Mil-
lenson, president of Health Quality Advisors LLC and
adjunct associate professor at Northwestern Univer-
sity’s Feinberg School of Medicine said. “I think it’s a
worrisome situation where you tell someone ‘this is
only advice’ and implicitly there’s a little wink there. If
people should see a doctor, you should be putting out a
directory of dermatologists, instead of an app that lets
me photograph my lesion.”
WHAT’S NEXT FOR CHATBOTS?

In terms of the business model, Le said he sees there
being opportunity for future collaboration with the
payer and employer. While the free model of Buoy aims
to help folks figure out what is wrong with them and
where to go – the company is now teaming up with

GLOBAL TRENDS
employers so that patients can see what facilities are in

their network and where to go.
While the focus of these bots has been on countries

Why not provide with some of the most cutting edge medical care in
triage advice and other the world, some developers are pointing out the possi-
medical information to bilities for these systems in places that are difficult to
people via technology reach.
they have available?”
Nils Hammerla, PhD Machine Learning “People in industrialized countries don’t usually
Specialist, Babylon appreciate that, according to the WHO, the majority of
people in the world have practically no access to ade-
quate healthcare at all. It is our mission to address this
problem — how can we make healthcare accessible and
affordable to people that normally would have to travel
for a whole day to speak with someone about their
health? Why not provide triage advice and other med-
ical information to people via technology they have
available?” Hammerla wrote.
But whether you are for or against the emerging tech-

nology, many in the field are saying the technology
is inevitable therefore it’s best to work with the tools
than against them.
“The NHS is trying to get a good balance. As you know

the Babylon app has taken a lot of criticism as a direct
to consumer app,” Millenson said. “On the other hand,
being used as a way to contact your doctor it’s perfectly
appropriate. What the NHS has done, which I support,
is they’ve said, let’s curate these, knowing that they’re
out there. I think that is a really good approach.”

LEADERS OF CHANGE
Pushing healthcare to new boundaries

All over the globe,
innovative thinkers
and doers are working
to improve health and
care through IT and
technology. Get to know
some of them.
How AI puts data to work

Wesley Madden, Vice President of Sales Support at NantHealth,
shares his advice for CIOs and CTOs looking to standardize all of their
data sets and explains why artificial intelligence is the ultimate tool
for clinicians.

AI, big data are valuable assets to

SEE LATEST COVERAGE physicians
GET IN TOUCH John Halamka, CIO of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Paul
to appear on HIMSS TV Cerrato, Contributing Writer, Medscape, Medpage Today, discuss how
AI and big data can help make personalized medicine a reality.

LEADERS OF CHANGE
PH Y SICI A N –
AI AND T HE
The interface between AI and the physician is a complex one. Some

view AI as part of the digital transformation of health and care and
leverage it as a clinical extender, while others think that all it will
bring is a damaging change to the existing role of the physician.
By Charles Alessi

LEADERS OF CHANGE
L
ike most innovations, AI can be deployed in a
variety of ways and can be viewed as a positive
development or the converse. Our attitude to
change in healthcare to innovation does however skew
our stance in many instances. We tend to view changes
to the existing business model as potentially delete-
rious unless proved otherwise and although there are
merits to us being cautious, mainly because we need
to make sure we satisfy safety and consistency of out-
come, perhaps we sometimes overshoot the balance
between assurance and innovation and end up not
AI is as old as the innovating at all. We also, on occasions, tend to view
hills and is in essence any adverse event associated with new technology
machines doing things using different parameters of risk to what we normally
that we would consider use. Thus, adverse events in deployment or operation
to be ‘clever’, whilst of new technologies tend to attract negative publicity
machine learning is its even if the elements of risk that they expose people to
application.” are less than the ones which the system is exposed to
Dr Charles Alessi, HIMSS at present.
WHAT IS AI AND ITS RELATION TO MACHINE LEARNING?

We tend to use this term in the same breath as
machine learning although there are differences in
how we should interpret these phrases. AI is as old as
the hills and is in essence machines doing things that
we would consider to be ‘clever’, whilst machine learn-
ing is its application.
We are in the foothills of a wholescale adoption of the

deployment of AI from the adoption of mechanised
processes to read images more consistently, from sim-
ple routine radiology to fundoscopy and also to more
esoteric and in many ways exciting developments, like
the ability for us to identify which cases of potential
sepsis need intervening early and which do, or do not,
require antibiotic treatment.
The potential to deliver better care in these instances

is considerable. The introduction of a mechanised

LEADERS OF CHANGE
approach to radiology, as long as this is at least as

The future can effective as what is available at present in terms of
indeed be brighter if we accuracy and consistency of result offers significant
grasp this opportunity.” advantage to the workforce as well as to the patient.
Dr Charles Alessi, HIMSS The advantage to the patient is enormous, as it obvi-
ates the need to deploy clinicians on a 24-hour basis
for routine radiology. Also, expensive schemes like
the use of off-site (and often very remote) radiologists
need not to be deployed as often leading to savings in
resourcing and diminution in clinical risk in terms of
governance. The advantage to the workforce however
is also considerable. Our workforce is becoming more
and more stretched and thus can be deployed more
effectively performing more complex tasks, rather
than the more ‘simple’ routine ones.
‘RUN TOWARDS CHANGE’

No doubt there are some who will miss these tasks.
They are of course anything but ‘simple and routine’
and we need to ensure we do not end up with worse
outcomes. We also need to spend more time and effort
on ensuring that our workforce is ready to adapt to
these changes. There are organizations
that have been very successful in doing
this – it can be done.
Finally, we must also accept that there is an

element of inevitability around these changes.
If King Canute failed to stop the tide, do we really
think we will be successful in stopping what is becom-
ing an all pervading and inevitable change to our
pathways of care?
The best approach would surely be to run towards this

change rather than build our defences to stop it, as
this could well be the best way to tame it and to ensure
it acts in a managed way within our care pathways
and as an extension of our care plans. The future can
indeed be brighter if we grasp this opportunity.

Celebrating 10th Anniversary for European Community
Delegations to the Annual Global Conference
Hand in hand with the local Communities, HIMSS KEY TOPICS FOR 2019:
Europe has been organizing Delegations to the Annual
Global Conference to the US since 2009, bringing to- Dutch:
gether influential public and private stakeholders from Addressing the challenges of scarcity in regards to
the most mature European healthcare IT markets to leadership, ICT support in primary processes, finance,
connect globally with peers for world-class education, HR and shaping nurses’ roles.
cutting-edge HIT solutions as well as unique ex-
change and networking opportunities. French:
Discussing how to unleash the Power of Data: struc-
The Delegations have been very successful, growing turing the data, using artificial intelligence as well as
gradually from a small group of enthusiasts to over data availability reality check in France.
250 people in the Dutch and Nordic Communities in
the past few of years. Nordics:
Thinking beyond Interoperability - Shifting the focus
All Delegations have their own meeting space from technical interoperability to practical solutions,
throughout the week, stay in the same hotel, follow service concepts, and business models.
an agenda put together by their Program Committee,
including workshops in their native language and can Nordic Way – Building stronger cross-border collabo-
meet international speakers of their choice. ration for the benefit of the entire ecosystem with the
patient at the center.

NEW THIS YEAR:
Swedish Delegation NORDIC COUNTRIES

Led by key Swedish public and private stakeholders: SALAR,
Inera, Ministry of Social Affairs, Swedish eHealth Agency and At HIMSS19, the Nordic countries will
Swedish Medtech in co-operation with HIMSS and Vitalis. be hosting
Participating at the Interoperability Showcase A NORDIC INTEROPERA-

For the first time, European achievements will be featured at BILITY SHOWCASE
the Interoperability Showcase. Open to all delegates to meet to demonstrate the value for the patient
the European Delegations. when cross-border cooperation and pol-
icy alignment in the Nordics is enabling
Interoperability in Europe: the data and health services flow from
From Shared Vision to Common Action one Nordic country to another. It will be
Thursday, February 14, 11:30am-12:30pm ET the first international showcase featured
HIMSS Interoperability Showcase, Booth 9100, Hall F. at a HIMSS Global Conference.
Tangerine Ballroom
LEARN MORE ABOUT THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY DELEGATIONS
What are the next French and Dutch Community events?
For its second conference edition, The event is organised by HIMSS

HIMSS Liège is putting the patients at Europe in partnership with the Liège
the centre of the discussion, bringing University Hospital (CHU) and the Uni-
them closer to hospitals through in- versity of Liège (ULg).
Located at the heart of central Europe formation and technology. In addition Translations in English and Dutch will
in Belgium, HIMSS Liège will welcome to education and networking sessions, be provided for all French speaking
the HIMSS French speaking Commu- attendees will also be invited to join a sessions making sure all participants
nity members and all the digital health guided hospital tour at the University are involved in the discussions.
professionals from its neighbouring Hospital of Liège which continues to
countries: France, The Netherlands maintain its status as one of the most Access the webinar recording covering
and Luxembourg, on 2-3 April 2019. digitally mature hospitals in Europe. HIMSS Liege here

UPCOMING EVENTS
Your chance to network, connect and innovate

Join our pan-European events to meet the people who matter in health IT
HIMSS19 Global Conference and Exhibition

11-15 February 2019, Orlando, Florida
HIMSS19 has the world-class education, cutting-edge products and solutions,
and unique networking opportunities you need to solve your biggest digital
health challenges – all at one time, all in one place. Learn more about the
world’s leading health information and technology conference.
JOIN US
UAE eHealth Week

March 2019, Dubai
UAE eHealth Week will be hosted in March 2019 in Dubai. Join us and 300
other health IT stakeholders to discuss the hottest topics in healthcare in the
Middle East. The three day conference will address the digital health transfor-
mation: from vision to reality. Change management, workforce development,
clinician engagement and AI are all part of the agenda.
LEARN MORE
HIMSS Liège
2-3 April 2019, Liège, Belgium
Located at the heart of central Europe, HIMSS Liège will welcome the HIMSS
French speaking Community members and all the digital health professionals
from its neighbouring countries: France, The Netherlands and Luxembourg,
on 2 - 3 April 2019. For its second conference edition, HIMSS Liège is putting
the patients at the centre of the discussion, bringing them closer to hospitals
through information and technology.
SEE FULL PROGRAMME

In partnership with:
CONTRIBUTORS
Philipp Grätzel von Grätz (Germany)

specializes in medicine, health policy
and, in particular, eHealth and IT in
healthcare. He is one of Europe’s leading
INSIGHTS
series
journalists in the field and author of the
German book Connected Health.
Vice President for International

Programming and Content
Pascal Lardier
Laura Lovett (US) is an associate editor
at MobiHealthNews where she covers
Editorial Director
the intersection of healthcare and
Philipp Grätzel von Grätz
technology. She is also the section leader
for Women in Healthcare IT at Healthcare
Managing Editor
IT News, a newsletter focused on women’s
Dillan Yogendra
advancements in the industry.
Art Director
Anna Winker
Marketing Director
Ines Burton Garcia
Leontina Postelnicu (UK) covers the Managing Director,

implementation of technology across the Executive Vice President for International
Europe and UK’s health and care system for Bruce Steinberg
MobiHealthNews and Healthcare IT News,
with a particular interest in health policy Advertising and Sponsorship
and innovation. Adeline Goffin
agoffin@himss.org
+41 22 556 33 88
SIGN UP!
Mélisande Rouger (France and Spain)

is a journalist with a keen interest in
healthcare, IT and medical technology. She
has been writing and talking about health
for the past ten years and enjoys learning
and updating her skills constantly.

PREVIEW
PUBLISHED 6 ISSUES
ONLINE PER YEAR
NEWS - EDITORIAL - OPINIONS - COMMUNITIES
7.3: FEBRUARY 2019

GLOBAL INNOVATORS
Healthcare digitization is still often perceived as being an endeavor
on the level of the individual healthcare system or nation state.
While there is some truth in that, it is equally obvious that, slowly
but steadily, a global digital health market is evolving, with vast
opportunities for IT companies, healthcare providers, med-tech and
pharma giants and even charities who are courageous enough to
think big. In HIMSS Insights eBook issue 7.3 we will give these global
eHealth champions a platform.
7.4: MARCH 2019

CONNECTED CARE AND INTEROPERABILITY
On a healthcare system level, digitization promises to help tearing
down the walls between different care silos. In many countries, this
is still quite a challenge, both for political and technical reasons.
HIMSS Insights eBook issue 7.4 will highlight healthcare systems
that take connected care seriously and discuss the lessons to be
learned from these leaders of change. We will also find out which
technical standards are experiencing a tail wind, and how that is
helping healthcare digitization to keep its promises.

www.himsseuropeconference.eu
SAVE THE DATE

11–13 JUNE 2019
Helsinki, Finland
@HIMSSEurope #HIMSSEurope19
@Health2eu #health2con

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7.

++ Algorithm, explain yourself!

The case for clinical intelligence

While there is certainly good reason to let algo-

2 | HIMSS INSIGHTS 7.2 | DEC 2018 | ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Politics & Economics

Algorithm, explain yourself!

31 AI and the physician – A blessing or curse?

3 | HIMSS INSIGHTS 7.2 | DEC 2018 | ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

TOP 4 areas towards which TOP 4 areas in which software

Workflow Assistance Preliminary Diagnosis

Source: HIMSS Analytics

Illustration: Nina Eggemann

4 | HIMSS INSIGHTS 7.2 | DEC 2018 | ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Q. How is your institution using Artificial

AI, Machine Learning expected

Using CE-marked, FDA-approved

AI and machine learning tools support

5 | HIMSS INSIGHTS 7.2 | DEC 2018 | ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

6 | HIMSS INSIGHTS 7.2 | DEC 2018 | ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Q. What are the most promising application areas for

Teaching AI At HUH, a non-profit, academic hospital, we also

Improving our diagnostic and treatment processes has

First, diagnostics and treatment of these patients is

Second, the amount of data that is gathered when

7 | HIMSS INSIGHTS 7.2 | DEC 2018 | ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Automation is not a choice Third, outcome measures in

We have a handful of ongoing AI projects in critical

SEE LATEST COVERAGE Q. Why do many clinicians remain skeptical despite

8 | HIMSS INSIGHTS 7.2 | DEC 2018 | ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

As no single company today can offer all necessary

Q. Is medical device regulation ready for these kinds

9 | HIMSS INSIGHTS 7.2 | DEC 2018 | ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

cal professionals, have difficulties understanding that

Q. How much has Finland implemented AI in health-

10 | HIMSS INSIGHTS 7.2 | DEC 2018 | ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Europe was late to recognize the disruptive potentials of the platform

By Philipp Grätzel von Grätz

11 | HIMSS INSIGHTS 7.2 | DEC 2018 | ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

On a European level, the European Commission has

AI: ANOTHER WORD FOR DIGITIZATION?

12 | HIMSS INSIGHTS 7.2 | DEC 2018 | ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

In terms of AI has certainly become a political buzzword. But in

The ‘European Parliament Study on AI’ that was pub-

13 | HIMSS INSIGHTS 7.2 | DEC 2018 | ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

TOO LITTLE ROOM FOR HEALTHCARE?

Not that there aren’t ambitious

Like with telemedicine a decade earlier, all these are

April 2018 >> The European Commission’s Communication on AI

14 | HIMSS INSIGHTS 7.2 | DEC 2018 | ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

WHAT IS REALLY GOING ON IN THE MARKET?

Sylvie Donnasson is among the co-ordinators of

The first call for participation, primarily directed at

15 | HIMSS INSIGHTS 7.2 | DEC 2018 | ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

With a new Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation, an AI Council,

16 | HIMSS INSIGHTS 7.2 | DEC 2018 | ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Born out of the ideal that healthcare should be free at

Looking at the new funding settlement for the NHS

But the announcement that the team behind the devel-

CREATING A TRUSTED ENVIRONMENT

17 | HIMSS INSIGHTS 7.2 | DEC 2018 | ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

raised by stakeholders in response to the initial ver-

The idea behind it is to create a trusted environment