M Abdul Rehman

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 Consider the second-order ODE with constant
coefficients,

 The general solution y (t ) can be written as,

 where is the solution of the homogeneous

equation,

 and is a particular solution.

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 which can be often found by inspection.
 For the homogeneous equation,

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 we first find the roots of the associated characteristic
equation,

 Find values of alpha and w

 Let the roots be S1 and S2. We have the following

possibilities:

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1. Find out the 2nd order differential equation of i or v.
2. Calculate the values of aplha and w.
3. Find out S1 and S2 (i.e. roots of equation).
4. Put roots in equation developed in step 1.
5. Find A1 and A2 by:
i. putting t=0 in the equation from step 4.
ii. Find A2 by putting di/dt(t=0) or dv/dt(t=0)
6. The equation received from step 4 will now has only
one variable i.e. t.

**Note: For
t=>0 : Start of discharging phase after achieving steady state
t<0 : Connection with battery

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 KVL:
VR + VL + VC = V0

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 Differentiating w. r. t. t , we get,

 A second-order ODE with constant coefficients.

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 KCL:
iR + iL + iC = I0

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 Differentiating w. r. t. t , we get

 A second-order ODE with constant coefficients.

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 In a series RLC circuit, the current through each
element is known, the voltage can be found in a
straightforward manner.

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 In a parallel RLC circuit, the voltage across each
element is known, the current can be found in a
straightforward manner.

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 As an example, consider the following circuit

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1. Find out the 2nd order differential equation of i or v.
2. Calculate the values of aplha and w.
3. Find out S1 and S2 (i.e. roots of equation).
4. Put roots in equation developed in step 1.
5. Find A1 and A2 by:
i. putting t=0 in the equation from step 4.
ii. Find A2 by putting di/dt(t=0) or dv/dt(t=0)
6. The equation received from step 4 will now has only
one variable i.e. t.

**Note: For
t=>0 : Start of discharging phase after achieving steady state
t<0 : Connection with battery

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1. Find out the 2nd order differential equation of i or v.
2. Calculate the values of aplha and w.
3. Find out S1 and S2 (i.e. roots of equation).
4. Put roots in equation developed in step 1.
5. Find A1 and A2 by:
i. putting t=0 in the equation from step 4.
ii. Find A2 by putting di/dt(t=0) or dv/dt(t=0)
6. The equation received from step 4 will now has only
one variable i.e. t.

**Note: For
t=>0 : Start of discharging phase after achieving steady state
t<0 : Connection with battery

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 Find i(t) in the circuit in Fig. Assume that the circuit
has reached steady state

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In the parallel circuit of Fig., find v(t), assuming
v= 5V, i =0, L=1H,
C=10 mF, and R=1.923 ohm.

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 Find v(t) in the RLC circuit of Fig.

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 For the circuit in Fig. find v(t) and i(t) with R = 5 ohm.

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 In the circuit in Fig. find i(t).

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