APP005

DAY 1

LT: Describing Research and its Characteristics

Learning Objective: sharing research experiences and knowledge and explain the
importance of research in daily life
CN:

Characteristics of a Good Researcher

Research-oriented
Efficient
Scientific
Effective
Active
Resourceful
Creative
Honest
Economical
Religious

characteristics of research

 Empirical-- Research must be based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.

 Logical-- Research must be based on valid procedures and principles.

 Cyclical-- Research in some cases is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends
with a problem.

 Analytical-- Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether
historical, descriptive, experimental and case study.

 Critical-- Research must exhibit careful and precise judgment.

 Methodical -- Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic

method and procedures.

 Replicable – It must be possible for the design and procedures to be replicated or repeated to
enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results.
DAY 2
LT: Ethics of Research
Learning Objective:: describing the ethics of research
CN:

ETHICS IN RESEACH

HONESTY Strive for honesty in all scientific communications. Honestly report

data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. Do
not fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data. Do not deceive
colleagues, research sponsors, or the public.

INTEGRITY Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for
consistency of thought and action.

CAREFULNESS Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically examine
your own work and the work of your peers. Keep good records of
research activities, such as data collection, research design, and
correspondence with agencies or journals.

RESPECT FOR INTELLECTUAL Honor patents, copyrights, and other forms of intellectual property.
PROPERTY Do not use unpublished data, methods, or results without
permission. Give proper acknowledgement or credit for all
contributions to research. Never plagiarize.

PRINCIPLE FOR VOLUNTARY Requires that people are not forced into participating in research.
PARTICIPATION This means that prospective research participants must be fully
informed about the procedures and risks involved in research and
must give their consent to participate.

SAFETY OF PARTICIPANTS Participants must always be assured during the process. Ethical
standards require that researchers not put participants in a situation
where they might be at risk of harm as a result of their participation.
Harm can be defined as both physical and psychological.

RESPONDENTS’ They are assured that identifying information will not be made
CONFIDENTIALITY available to anyone who is not directly involved in the study. In some
cases, the anonymity standard is a stronger guarantee of privacy, but
it is sometimes difficult to accomplish, especially in situations where
participants have to be measured at multiple time points (e.g., a pre-
post study).
 DAY 3

LT: Processes of Research

Learning Objective:
describing the processes of research

CN: PROCESS OF RESEARCH

Define/ Generalizatio
Write Down Write your Preparing the Collecting
Formulate n/Conclusion
Review of Assumption/ Research and Analyzing
Research /Recommend
Literature. Hypothesis. Design Data
Problem ation.

DAY 4

LT: Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Learning Objectives:
1. differentiating quantitative from qualitative research
2. providing examples of research in areas of interest
CN:

Qualitative Quantitative

Quantitative Research is a Qualitative research is an

 deductive objective process of inquiry where the
variables in study are measured in numbers
 analyzed using statistical procedures in order to
describe or make generalizations and
 reported in formal, impersonal language.
 inductive, subjective process of inquiry done in
natural setting in order to build a complex, holistic
picture,
 described in words, including the detailed views of
the informants are
 reported in informal, personal language.
DAY 5

Describing qualitative research and illustrating its importance

Learning Objective:
1. describing the different kinds of qualitative research
2. illustrating importance of qualitative research

CN:

The General Characteristics of Qualitative Method

1. Data sources are real-world situations
2. Data are descriptive
3. Emphasizes a holistic approach (processes and
outcomes)
4. Data analysis is inductive
5. Describes the meaning(s) of research finding(s) from
the perspective of the research participants

Phenomenology Ethnography

Four Major
Types of
Qualitative
Research

Grounded Theory

Case Study