COMPATIBLE WITH WORD FORMATION onl E a. SZ COLLECTION f REFERENCE BOOKLET FOR ADVANCED LEARNERS OxFORDDICTIONARIES.COM TRINH THANH TRUNG B.A.ome OLYMPIC COLLECTION REFERENCE BOOKLET * FOR ADVANCED LEARNERSINDEX OF PRESCRIPTIONS abduct 31 abjure 15 accompany 34 accomplice 34 acquiescent 18 acquit 18 act 23 adjure 15 agenda 23 agent 23 agile 23 agitate 23 agony 28 alien 12 ambiguous 23 antagonise 28 apply 35 apportion 40 attribute 19 avail 4 bad 22 cogent 23 cogitate 23 concomitant 27 come 27 company 34 complex 34* complicate 34 complicit 34 comply 35 comport 40 condemn 8 conduce 31 conduit 31 confound 20 conjure 15 consist 7 contribute 19 convoluted 21 correct 2 corrode 37 counterfeit 30" damage 8 dear 24 dearth 24 deduce 31 deploy 35 deport 40 deracinate 37 desist 7 devolve 21 display 35 dissolve 5 distribute 19 duct 31 duke 31 dumbfound 20 duplicate 35 educate 31 employ 35 eradicate 37 erode 37 establish 11 evaluate 4 evolve 21 exact 23 exist 7* explicate 35 explicit 35 exploit 35 export 40 expose 1* exsolve 5 fold 38 foreign 30 forest 30* forfeit 30° forum 30* found 20 front. 17 fund 20 fundamental 20 funnel 20 globe 26 history 39 implicate 35 implicit 35 imply 35 import 40 important 40 indemnity 8 induce 31 injure 15 insist 7 introduce 31 involve’ 21, judge 15” jury 15 justice 15 language 32 linguist 32 local 33 locate 33 multiply 35 navigate 23 nose 3 opinion 24 opportune 40 oppose 1 parson 5 pause 1 perjure 15 perplex 34" persist 7 person 5 plait 35. pleat 35 pledge 35 plexus 34* pliable 35 t 35 plight 35 ply 35 popular 6" port 40 portion 40 portray 40* prejudice 15 prevail 4 produce 31 profound 20 proportion 40 protagonist 28 puberty 6" public 6* publish 6" purpose 1° quiet 18 quit 18 radical 37 rail 2" reach 36 read 10 rectangle 2 rectify 2 reduce 31 regal 30 regent 30 regime 30 region 30 regular 30 reign 30 replicate 35 reply 35 report 40 reproduce 31 requiem 18 requite 18 resist. 7 resolve 5 retribution 19 revolve 21 riddle 10 right 2 rodent 37 root 37 royal 30 rule 30 seduce 31 solve 5 sovereign 30 speak 29 speech 29 spike 29 spoke 29 stable 11 stage 11 stay 1! subdue 31 subsist. 7 superstition 11 support 40 surfeit 30° team 31" thread 16 throw 16 traduce 31 tranquil 18 transistor 7 transport 40 tribe 19 tribute 19 type 13 vale 4 valiant 4 valid 4 valour 4 value 4 vault 21 voluble 21 volume 21 wallow 21 wander 14* war 22 weather 14 wind 14" window 14* wise 39 wit 39 wither 14 worse 22 wort 37 write 9 * EXTRA PRESCRIPTIONSTo mom and sister, for your support and forbearance.Worb FORMATION RESOURCE @ overview eens Ca pause ) POSE @ [Sh CB DAMAGE Oe ae e Tia ade es @ alls are ling: ambivalence Ea) valent ee ae Bree sal Pace pees! asa CBSTAY ant per Wee cea scl Bie fransisto ee fase econ ee oreca Opens sean ee arouse eee ee ele il fears Grea aa) Seen ee El) ca cece Se Cece cn) ses eo unite eat Ene er tere Mant recep reremercls En ata eee ee Bee tee each Beeeseesl? BLocCHuYENANH.WoROPRESS.CoM / TRINH THANH TRUNG B.A.e CB TYPE CB wither e Wai © Ti oi © Mil ee es Tea ar ewe mitten, Cun Resource @ Overview OTe There are many ways to form new words. First, you can join two or more existing words or word-parts together. If you join two words, you get a compound - for instance, hair and brush make the compound hairbrush I you add an affix to a word, you get a ‘derivative’ - for instance, un- + pack becomes unpack. There is also a particular sort of compound that has become popular over the past 150 years, known as a blend, To make a blend, you join the front part of one word to the end of another word - for instance, motor and hotel blended together to make motel ‘The second way is to put an existing word to a new use. Mostly this just involves a change in meaning - for instance, buff ‘an enthusiast’ (as in’a film buff) comes from buff the name of a brownish-yellow colour (originally volunteer firefighters in New York, who needed to be very keen to do it for no pay, used to wear buff-coloured uniforms). But you can also put a word to anew grammatical use - for instance, you can use a noun asa verb (e.g. to bicycle, to wolf), This process is generally known as conversion. The third thing you can do is to shorten an existing word There are various ways of going about this. You can remove a part of the word (usually the end, e.g. exam, photo). This is known technically as clipping. One particular sort of shortening is to remove a suffix (e.g destruct from destruction). This is called back-formation. An extreme form of shortening is to leave only the first letter. A sequence of such letters is called an initialism (e.g. BBC, EU, YWCA). And if you pronounce the sequence as an ordinary word, it becomes an acronym (e.g. AIDS, NATO, ROM). Finally, a tiny proportion of new English words are simply made up out of thin air e.g. nylon, gnome, hobbit, supercalifragilisticexpialidocious). CCHUYEN De Wor FORMATION / COLLECTION 2 aWorb FoRMATION RESOURCE @ Susuist @ CM OPPOSE |oppo, opponency, opponens, eee a y, fight right-thinker, Se rece Caaciett eoat fie) CM CORRECT EoD meat (ed), h Ei: BLOGCHUYENANH. WORDPRESS.COM / TRINH THANH TRUNG B.A.it Berieas eae ae y, uaprevailing prevalency, se sei eat Eee ane rescucoa pact eaneea: ret eee ubjunctive-equ Cetera tere ey conan nresolute, unresc CHUYEN De Wor FORMATION / CoECTION 2 Resource @ Sueust@ eo 2am anchorperson(s), cam Sol wen te ference Poem tea ir moss fe sees Comte eon ree Bean p) eee feria ie parson-poet, parson-porResource @ Susust @ e@ [St ten Eeeants esean. Seca eam fens Bere eee rost-resistant, Cir essing tee eae et egret seen Imethicillin-resistant multi(drug-)resistant, multi(ple-)resistant, non-resistance, ey aneainat resist Perea eae Sen Seca eis ere caee esec eo Es en aa) precondemn(ation), e fia itten, minut Gam Gers Cstmeecava aa a fees ser neta nert ion tcmr nue mecca Woro-ParTs iosec ue or) : at eer (eitienuenkesneen ss Words can be grouped together if they derive from the same root. You could say they are in the same word family. For example, the words conduct, introduce, and produce all come from the Latin ducere ‘to lead. The words in bold all come from a Latin root that, ‘means ‘to say’ and are missing some letters. Complete the words. @ Some patients choose not to take hormone replacement to avoid contra___or experiencing hormonal side-effects We live in uncertain times when change has never been so rapid and un. All these details were sel and the theory of the alleged temple was totally inconsistent with these details The non-, part of cannabis has been used in Chinese medicine for many years. Raptors can play an important role as of habitat quality and pollution. The words in each group are missing the same letters. Complete the words, using with no more than six letters for each gap. bacteri___, bio__ eco___ ethno. herbi___ homi___, regi___ urbi : carni___ detriti___ foli__ frugi herbi___insecti____ loca____, omni apprentice___, cross-owner. disfellow___, one-upman___, self-censor brother___ false__. hardi__ knight maiden___, man___, parent___ self @ aic___ skin. steam up. water, weather___ a BLOGCHUYENANH. WORDPRESS.COM / TRINH THANK TRUNG B.A.Resource @ Suatist @ Sry @ [REESE oppose was formed from ob- ‘against’ and the irregular verb ponere ‘to place’. From this we also receive other derivatives of pose, €.g. appose, (de/dis/re)compose, compost, counterpose, depose, (in/pre)dispose, (over/under)expose, (re/super)impose, interpose, juxtapose, positive, postpose, postpone, posture, prepose, (contra/pre)position, propose, (re)purpose, repose, superpose, (pre)suppose, transpose; compound, component, (semi-)deponent, exponent, expound, proponent, propound, etc. and their derivatives. Here are more derivatives for you to discover: entrepét, oviposit(or), oviposition(al), pr(a)epostor, provost. « This entry also includes derivatives of pause, which is from pausein ‘to stop’ ~ the same root as pose. + Note that English has three words spelled post. The one meaning’a long, sturdy piece of wood’, and ‘to display a notice in a public place’ (Irom fastening it to a post) is from Latin postis ‘doorpost’, The other two, ‘the official service or system that delivers letters and parcels’ (as in post-haste), and 'a position of paid employment’ are both from Latin ponere ‘to place’. A fourth one is found in terms like posthumous, post mortem, and post-war, coming from Latin post ‘after Rectus ‘tight, straight, ruled’ is the source of many English words including correct, direct, erect, rectangle, rectify, rectitude, rectum, right, etc. and their derivatives. Entry @ will provide derivatives of regal, regent, region, regime, regular, reign, royal, rule, etc, which come from regere ‘to govern, rule’ (ultimately rex, reg- ‘king’ - other forms of rectus). Here are more derivatives for you to discover: foreign, forensic, interregnum, rail, regicide, viceroy, (cyber)sovereign, half-sovereign. «You might think that trains have no link "to the classical world, but the word rail goes back to Latin regula ‘straight stick’, the source also of rule. Someone who complains bitterly is sometimes said to rail; this is, however, a completely different word, and goes back ultimately to Latin rugire ‘to roar’, also related to rut. CB RICHT) CHUYEN De Worb FORMATION / COLLECTION 2 @ FREESE - The Latin root of nose is nasus, also the source of nasal, ness, nostri, nozzle, etc. and their derivatives. The idea of a person being a nose’, or ‘sticking their nose in, is also found in words such as nark, snout and nosy, . Think how many words to do with noses begin with the letters sn-. Here are some words for you to discover: snitch, snivel, snoot(y), snore, snort, snot(ty), snuff(le). The Latin source valere ‘be strong’ gives avail, valiant, valid, valour, value, etc. and their derivatives. 6 Words sharing the Latin source solvere ‘to loosen, unfasten’ are included in this entry, except absolve and its derivatives. © 6 ‘The Latin source of person is persona ‘human being’, from which come impersonate, parson, persona, personnel, etc. and their derivatives. People, on the other hand, comes from the Latin populus ‘populace’ - the source of words such as populace, popular, populate, etc. and their derivatives. The blend of poplicus ‘of the people’ (from populus ‘people’) and pubes ‘adult’ gives publicus, a root shared by puberty, (re)public, publish, etc. and their derivatives. |. From the Latin root sistere ‘to set, stand (still), stop’ (reduplication of stare ‘to stand’) come assist, consist, desist, exist, insist, persist, resist, subsist, transistor, etc. and their derivatives, all included in this entry, except assist and exist. « The word solstice comes from sol ‘sun’ (the source of insolation, sun, solar, etc. and their derivatives), with the second half coming from Latin sistere ‘to stop’. © PETINES the word damage goes back to Latin damnum ‘loss or hurt’, which is also the source of condemn, indemnify, damn, etc. and their derivatives, all included in this entry, except the last stem. The verb read and its variant rede go back to a Germanic root meaning ‘to advise, guess, interpret’, and riddle comes from the same root.Worb FORMATION RESOURCE @ Sustist @ ® br ‘ ry eee ees Eevee autostabilisat Sees Bean b-c Bee ones ea ee seamtasc sea aca entarian(ism), Coen i enone renee Co ea eune rs Bien es eclica © Wa Sasiiet Arthus-ty e, genotypic(al(ly)), haplotype, ic, heliotype, heterotyp lee ocean eet Bons Palantypist sep) =Car rt ae eect Bit Greta! Eerste @ Ti e Ta ious eee eure OM ete hse) te . dicate, (ab)judic Maer adiudger, (ad)judicatve, (ed)judice Eeimereet edjurer, adjuremer eonjuration,extrajudicialy, for f- BLOGCHUYENANH.WoRDPRESS.COM / TRINH THANH TRUNG B.A.fee eee Pee rone a te caren) date qc emir quietist eet ea al, jun ce emma tics Fame (yal rt Eerie tee ete ens e(d), preju eer res Pees ane es Conn frontatic rontal(is fang cot Aaa Pecan Resource @ Susuist @ equittable: ote ec ne Setiici cates agian elas Gece CCHuvEN De WorD FORMATION / COLLECTION 2Resource @ Suaust @ Woros with PATH CY beans © BENE. The Latin stare ‘to stand’ isthe ultimate @ GRYURER . the word found ‘establish’ goes back to source of many words in English, e.. constant, contrast, distant, establish, extant, instant, obstacle, rest, stable, stage, (circum/sub)stance, (e)state, station, statue, status, superstition, ‘etc and their derivatives, only some of them included in this entry. The reduplication of stare also gives sistere ‘to set, stand (still), stop’. » @ In English a stable originally housed any domestic animal. Stable meaning ‘firmly fixed’ is @ quite different word, that goes back to Latin stare ‘to stand’. Constable comes from the Latin phrase comes stabuli which originally meant ‘count (head officer) in charge of the stable’. One of the earliest surviving uses of the English word was as the title of the governor or warden of certain royal castles. It was used as a term for @ police officer in the modern sense from the mid 19" century. This entry provides all derivatives of stable of all senses without distinction. © Wither and weather seem to be the same word, the different forms coming to be used for different senses, both of whose derivatives are included in this entry, Weather itsel is from a Germanic root linked to wind, @ The word just looks back to the Latin jus, jur ‘law, right’, the ultimate source of abjure, (ad)judge, conjure, judicial, justice, (injury, misjudge, perjure, prejudge, prejudice, etc. and their derivatives, all included in this entry. © [PSS Throw is distantly related to the Germanic word thread, both of whose derivatives are provided in this entry. From the Latin quies, quiet ‘repose, quiet’ come coy, (acquit, quiet, quite, requiem, requite, tranquil, etc. and their derivatives, all included in this entry. ‘The Latin tribuere ‘to assign, bestow’ (originally ‘divide between tribes’, from tribus ‘tribe’) gives attribute, contribute, distribute, retribution, tribe, tribute, etc. and their derivatives. o Ea o iim Latin fundare ‘to lay a base for’, from fundus ‘bottom, base’, source also of fund, funnel, profound, etc. and their derivatives, all included in this entry. + Found ‘melt and mould’ from French fondre, fundere ‘melt, pour’, source of fondue, fuse, etc. and their derivatives, are not included, even though derivatives of confound (from the same source as confuse) and dumbfound (blend of dumb and confound) are included for variety. + Fountain comes from Latin fontana ‘spring’. The baptismal font comes from the same root, although the printing font comes from fondre. WORD FORMATION CHALLENGE There are a number of English words that are related because part of their original meaning comes from the Greek word pathos (‘suffering, feeling’). Complete the sentences with suitable words derived from PATH. Although personally _ to his modernist pioneering spirit, | have been seduced time and again by the ravishing sounds that he produces. No other work furnishes such comprehensive guidance to the spreading landscapes, the highways and of English Literature. Developers struggle to maintain prices when, at the peak of a market cycle, they squeezed every last room into a(n) designed space. His borderline behaviour leads him into violent confrontations, wherein he's ordered to undergo a psychiatric evaluation. The lessons from recerit operations provided to spark transformational initiatives. The State government is all set to implement some measures to stem cybercrimes and regulate cyber cafes. Dean is the author of many books on and is considered to be a leading authority on natural health products. While students in the 1960s were famed for their radicalism, students of today are labelled as, nd listless. Humankind is already on a(n)__-_of self-destruction, an achievement that will not need the aid of an aberrant asteroid Environmentalists had been on the _ demanding concrete measures for protecting the river and local habitats BLOGCHUYENANH.WoRDPRESS.COM / TRINH THANH TRUNG B.A.Resource @ Susust@ tanita tite) BMG) euiccas Seen ras launch, multiplepoi Wiemamics flea se a multiptic; mes ee ), unpled coven Steve! CR em Cn! radial-ply, three-ply, unpliar oe) Aeeeees tit Sciacca loitability, exple tatively eee es tation, Sees lag balled, root-eater, ro feats Bee eee erie EEC tcE tome eecne Ecler em iecielcr eerie 1), radicul ultis, radiculopathy, radiculose, adderwort, after-wort, Pinot foie anna Coane acer rad fo ort, starchwort, sta enc Tegan aes mee renecoaet erate asi eime ental Mc! oe aeace manifoldly Ree mani, old, onefald, overfokd(ed) oc 4 Teagsciyt ear mene upfold BLOGCHUYENANH. WORDPRESS.COM / TRINH) THANH TRUNG B.A.WORD FORMATION RESOURCE @ overview Sect ish-Speaking @ Reece. ie eete Ike eae Lee Baas [PRODUCE BLOGCHUYENANH, WORDPRESS.COM / TRINH THANH TRUNG B.A.e Ei Sorte Co cmecres aro ees ete eataGs el Many duct(le), ducting, duke(don ible; (co-Jedu ey Reena Polen fete fer psycholinguistic(s), LICK collar dislocate, dislocation, ey ee econ cars at 5 locate, Teena Sl cael Eien ueivaeccatso e CCHuvEN De WoRD FORMATION / COLLECTION 2 Resource @ Overview eee enaoe (oats plication, expiicit(iy), sea) Sree ree ies Beem tee Coconut Couey Poets moe Core Pinecoe) Fivatemt tay witter, witticism, wittily, wittinesWorb FoRMATION RESOURCE @ Sustist @ OT CB VOLUME |biovoiume, hypovol(a)emia, mic, multivalumetd), Para Rote Noles Mumia osseous Fence cn Cerca aera cay) Peace esate eens ao)) evolutionise(d), evalutionistic, evo evolvable, evolvabilty, evolvant, Grater ear seers levolver, mactoevalution(ary), microevolution(ery), pre-evol (peeetoMtene aerc Ee Hira ecuamenec in ra a eee ssc) self-involved, self-invalvement, Prema case oam Cuma Eee eeu pe ntcecen pee iontise) emcees tive, revoluble, revolute(d), Cromer ((s) eee) Caos Geom es Mogan advolution, a eames yet) ion, obvolute, obvolution, supervolute, volubilty, valubleness, atesconre a Neliuingal itor ss Pema ae acGn) Pe ome Aneec ance eet reno Mes waron Ce nUieccon Cues prisoner-of-war(dom), psy-war, Selena , Wargaming, war-long, Se ea ree Ae Deemer eae geen eee actor, acta(nt), Porta aeet steele ceas actidione, actin(g), acting, acting-ou! Bele eta acl tipide, actiniform, actinin, actinism, Pease ele i tus Bears saGpees tinsel actinolitic, actinology, actinometer, actinometric(al), /aclinometry, actinomorphic, actinomorph Eeiecun eae cracae (eel factinomycotic, actinon, actinaphage, actinopod, Etats care at ee este ta acd actinotherapeutic(s), actinotherapy, actinazoan, actino-ueanium, actin(ula), action 2bility), actionably, actional, actionise, actionism, actionist, actionless, actious, activable, activase, activin, activistic, activ Better scons essai! jactogram, actograph, actomyosin, acton, actor-actior Estee asain Ce enc Dee u esl asin aot eae ty actualisation, actualism, actualist(ic), actualité, jactualness, actuarially, actuarian, actuation, actuator actuose, actuosity, actus, audio-active, autoactivation auto(activate, bioactivation, bioactive, bioactivity, boit-action, double-acting, character-act, coaction Pecos eertcncoge ran tome eet idouble-acting, eco-activism, eco-activist, electroactive, Beater grec rue acter exacta, exacting(ly), Seance sees te over-exacting: hyperactively, inactivation, inactivator, inactively, interactant, interaction al), interactionism, interactionist, live-action, long-acting, Mogan ae Mee) monactine(iid), multi-activity, neuroactive, non-act(ing), Mou cca oe To tinal Mncineaaiet tans ulact, overaction), overactivity tiveness, overactivity, pentactinal, pentactine peractor, perzactly, ph (pestle rane ccna photoactivity, photoinactivation, platelet-aci erenCownsneaecensa, pre-act(ion), pre: Geeera eae Asta ea Fearon ni rests nay ee aoc erate radioactinium, radioactivation, radioactivate Boe Capi cnn ec ccrenie Teac) er0ss-reaction, immunoreactive, immunoreactivity, remetiateu a aicueceren enor \Cap) Seca eee et) toreactivation, photoreactive, photoreactivable, tivate, polyreaction, esate reaction(al), reactionarily, reactionisi eeson Ca eumer st Ocenia eactogenic(ity), unreacted, unreactive; retroact(ion) retroactivity, scleractinian, self-acting, selt-activating Potente Wiaeie ei ete ioe Coe ae eae ah transactivation; microtransaction, transact er etcuel ates Cocca aceorseesecs Creme exactly, nexactness, fumesResource @ Susuist @ oe kia Sea Coat Gearon © BN ec eaeat 5 CB DEAR eo ky CB GLOBE ae? Mae ie: meer ee CB SPEAK Prt Meter cy [etre aera Eeeeiceny CHUYEN De WorD FORMATION / COLLECTION 2 ba)Resource @ Suauist @ maker ae ‘ eae ener se spike, polyspike, spike- Latin super ‘above’ as in superior was used to form Old French soverait The ending was then altered in the 15* century so that it looked as if the word was associated with reign, The word sovereign was used as aterm fora gold coin minted in England from the time of Henry Vil to Charles | eosin) re lat regulatress, reguline, regulo(n), eee mates ule, misruler, overruler, rule( a) ner Sag Creer © (EDDIE the Latin ver volvere hod the sense to ‘turn round, roll, tumble’; this is the basic idea behind its offshoots, e.g. convoluted, (revolve, devolve, involve, vault, volume, wallow, etc. and their derivatives, all included in this entry. ‘The word war came over from Old French guerre (itself of Germanic origin and originally meant ‘confusion, discord’) and is related to worse. © ERSRBIBT Tre word act comes from Latin actus ‘thing done’, which comes from agere ‘to do, drive’. This is the basis of other English words such as agenda, agent, agile, agitate, ambiguous, cogent, cogitate, exact, navigate, etc. and their derivatives, all included in this entry. © PERI ole English deore is Germanic in origin and related to Dutch dier ‘beloved’, also to Dutch duur and German teuer ‘expensive’, showing that dear has long. had the two senses it still has. Darling. was its pet form, while dearth started out as a time when things were expensive through scarcity © FEITM tre word agony referred originally only to mental anguish. It came into English Via late Latin from Greek agénia, from agon ‘contest, the base, too, of agonise, antagonist, protagonist, etc. and their erivatives, all included in this entry. © FEL ou would not necessarily nk forest and foreign, but they have the same, Latin root. Forest came from foris ‘out, of doors, outside’. Forfelt which originally meant ‘a crime or offence’, with the meaning of a fine or penalty developing from this, is also from fors, 2s are forum. Forensic comes from Latin forensis ‘in open court, public’ from forum, ey BLOGCHUYENANH. WORDPRESS.COM / TRINH, THANH TRUNG B.A.Worp-Parrs el DELI IVEN Te evans cl Read the sentences and guess the meanings of the affixes in bold. @_ According to the weather forecast, travelling conditions will be hazardous in the early hours. The horse-drawn cab was the forerunner of the taxis that are so familiar today. ‘Most large cities in the rush hour are synonymous with congestion. The trains in both directions are desynchronised and don't arrive at the station at the same time. The station terminal was a large round building, over 200 metres in circumference. ‘The transport authority was found to have circumvented the safety rules, putting passengers’ lives in danger. The match was postponed because of the strikes. The letter had a postscript telling me there was a voucher attached that | could use on any train in the next three months. Look again at the roots of the words above and give the meanings of the parts in bold below. forecast @ forerunner @ circumference @ synonymous @® postscript ‘Choose what each group of words has in :ommon. Then write a form of one of the words in each gap to complete the follow-up ‘sentences. @ audible, audience, audiovisual audition and auditorium are related to @ hearing @®speaking ©seeing We didn't hear the last call for our train - those station announcements are completely @ autograph, autoimmune, automatic, automobile and autonomous refer to @® something written by itself ® something done by itself © something modernised by itself There is no vaccine, and none is likely since the role in pathogenesis is under dispute. n, benefactor, beneficial, beneficiary and benevolent refer to @good * — @bad ‘The entitlement of the trust affected by a contribution holiday. @ exceed, precede, proceed, recede and succeed are related to @®winning ®stopping © going ‘The Life of Pi seems to have as many literary as India has religions. © humane isnot CHUvEN De Word ForMATION / COLLECTION 2 desynchronised Resource @ Susuist @ ® Match each group of words with its meaning. © credential, credit, incredible, incredulous, miscreant, recreant @ abstract, attract, contract, distract, extract, protract, retract, subtract @ claustrophobia, enclose, exclude, @ believe exclusive, include, recluse, reclusive @ bend @ convoluted, devolve, evolve, involve, © close revolve, vault, voluminous drive © deflect, flex, flexible, inflexibility, © live reflection, reflective, reflex © pulllor take @ autograph, biography, graphic, ©tumor roll graphite, polygraph Owrite @ antivivisection, convivial, revival, revivity, survivorship, vivacious, vivid compel, compulsory, dispel, expel, impel, impulsive, propel, repel AFFIXES & COMBINING FORMS Affixes have two main functions. One function is to create words within a word family and change the part of speech to use in different grammatical contexts, The meaning of the word may remain the same (e.g, stable to stability) or it may modify the meaning to some extent (e.g. stable to destabilise or image to unimaginably). The other main function is to change or modify the meaning of the root word, creating a new word family, For example, the meaning of act can be modified by adding the prefix trans- to form a new word family: transaction, transactivation, etc. Similarly, the meaning of hand can be modified by adding the suffix -le to form handle, which has a different meaning. ‘The majority of affixes which create derivatives within a word family are suffixes (e.g. wide to widening). However, prefixes are also used (e.g. large to enlarge), particularly with negatives (e.g. effect to inefficient) Beware of the internal changes required when you use affixes (e.g. fly to flightless) and the differences in meaning between derivatives that are the same part of speech (e.g. history to historic or historical) Most affixes which create new word families are prefixes (eg. act to counteract). However, suffixes can also sometimes be used to change or modify meaning (eg. diction to dictionary, clock to clockwise). Beware of the exceptions to the general meanings of the affixes (eg. infamous does not mean ‘not famous’) You may also have to form compound words like handle to manhandle (not usually considered to be affixes), or phrasal nouns (e.g. wash to backwash) and phrasal adjectives (e.g: wear to worn-out) (usually derived from phrasal verbs). Beware of the position of the particles as they can change the meanings of the compounds (e.g. break to outbreak or breakout).Worpb ForMATION RESOURCE @ Suatist @ STON eo are pelo Pierce BO keaae cay area ace Teese ate On} non-reproductive, aver pholoproduce(d), photo(re)production, photoproduct, photoreproduce, post-produce, post-reproductive, pre-reproductive, feria alo macetie ats lett Merete cues ment, produ enema) producership, prodictid, produc (ete edene Cages productionist, production-sharing (ed), productisatior roductise, productiveness, pie Wemmace eure fecle= recoré-reproduce, eee ees ce aca enlcy erase Meter neae! melee aanene aoe ete Hints areata (e att ry, archducal, archduchy, deductibility, ices, Guchesse, duct(al), ductility), ductiess;ducti elias Ceres Bema er eee erect tac meats Leta taciery Feuer eee es slibouce, subduction subductive sursumduct(ion); photolransduction, traduce(ment), traducent, traducer, traduciani{ism), traducianisttic), Pelee mecrettia les traductive, traductortransduce eerie tome Baie icuean ceremonies |conductible, conductively, conduct Eisconducive electroconductivity, malconduct, Seale etalon Metimeosmacge alt hotoconductivity, photocondu rece alas Mee esgic: set yes omens lee erarana terra} superconduction, superconductive, superconduc Eragon Meteo ( supraconductive, supra eet transconductance, unconducive, well-conducted Peete lace etc ec ogee Gay Cin/unedueable, educate, education(able), fete eeu onese, leducationise, educationism, educatory, edu leducrat, educt(ion), eductive, educto home-educate(¢), il-educated, mal-educat imiseducate, miseducation, miseducative fe Ce epere sae ee Cleve ren ieQveu aura nt on Photoinduce(d), photoinducible een cermeites rey nductive, sleep-inducing superinduce(ment), superind ieee Men ee -cuacsnenamie ey ec ageneee come cole) Gee age re oneene tne FOr gee oan cmon tace ie photoreduce(d), phatoreduiction, postreduction(al), Feccgse ne ten Co peettcerenatea earthen reduce(able), reduceless, reducement, reducent, reducer, Eeariret Cle yarsetts crete vselatan ClO reductionism, red Sets reductiveness, reductivism, reductivist, reduit, redux, eles pice Me memes tes tes ee) Bent! ec ally, bilingualCisation) Sete) biolinguistic(s), dentilingual Tete cae Qe ai ngue(d), languet, ingu(Dat tins cect Mg tots fice omental ap (steseenlestelamons BLOGCHUYENANH WoRDPRESS.COM / TRINH,THANH TRUNG B.A.fein nian eteniectien co Nira linguistici Outer linguopalatal, mac ieneiee! arisen Toten ie) preling ssi ern Set cee) acl islocate, mislo et een ere ate, radiolocation, radiolocator ncation, reco ocal(ly), trans Rec eta Resource @ Susust @ ie sate eieme ee eon bron rears sae lt ment-rel Na eae Seneca em Braet) applical in, unapplied, well Seema a edisplay; dedup Ge Reece! ENises eect Efeiereta ec Tesi Nets cores Preemie Clmtee neat erie reine creat plicity, quintuplicats, : ClUyEN De WorD FORMATION / COMLECTION 2imi tamee ete sextuplication, subtriplicate, trinlex(ed), ‘iglication, triptcity, aniplicate, fails (cl-eae eee yesse int Pari aales Memes seat) eas Pees eeatliaiee: uae oa banter tarsal dis eee) tiplicative(|y), multiplicious, Meo arouel se tion, postmultiply, ee ema ree aio ol eu ai plaited, plaiter, plaitwork, replait, unplait [ears eens Cree oa eae falaeecona eee sma re, plicidentine, ee Deeley riche cine) Ege eens) ECO Reece tae ecsga non-compliant; exploitabilty, exploitable, eeu sexploiter(er), ee ose ey high-reaching, overreacher, Ercan arc aes as eee CO ese le(ness), unreachably, eee allelele felel Se oldl ceo eee ae seucls Sele cas al Harp eadelel ALE eter ces iota Seeleiegere Cu 2 eel tae Preece ees Serre estes ce te root-balled, root: otedly, rootery, rere) ata Maelo (Cred Eisler seu CroDMaecltetel e meentuTy root-knot, rootle, roat-leaf, rootlet, fe feet Peete ELAM cel ele Coleg) ete Footy(-toot), roseroot, snakeroot, Erica cmeente iam reccacemsar teint) deradicalisation, deredicalise, eredical Geel eokecselase) ee sore multiradicular, postradical,radicalisation, Re eee ieecan feito creer en ect en pele ieee radices, radicicolous, radicidation, Perot (crane) cieiat Fadiculits, radiculopathy, radiculos Fee acta ae caro Pees reactor Se vans anes Pt om ouearere nett Fe esereiete cig aaeeclentie feos vsiecearenmene lic Fee ret coer ema Gee rege ont Beets eartwort, hogwor Maaco (water-)liverwort, lousewort, madwort marshwort, masterwort, milk eens ena Searels nailwor pues ees Bieteaaltas (Mi onae Hrastue eae oars ae ; Beer tale anaes Pen cc cca lene aro sent leven throztwort, toothw. Carat recess eases corrodibie, corrosively, corrosiveness, erodibility remesae rodenticidal ee uee Gaver ogee] Ee eae ets Muay fae eg cm ue eal} Haare mace mountain-folding, enultifold, myriadfola, Dlensasccmatsaca ¢ loverfolding, paper-folding, pinfolc, ees mcrae Ge tase tne seni) een ssnaermaenc wentyfold, unfoldment, unfold BLOGCHUYENANH. WORDPRESS.COM / TRINH THANH TRUNG B.A.Bina coa eeu eco) nistorian geahistory, ist, historia), historiat historician Oeaca Conny raph(al), historiographer(ship), ness, witling, W prehistorical(ly), pr. eer eee ce Ipsychohistorian, psych Beret Sree Spero fee ote Mieoeres i CCHuveN De WorD FORMATION / COLYECTION 2 Resource @ Suauist @ cc porteur, akabih, Seat) otty, Portastudio, port eas Baten iciep) eet Sean: exportabilty, exportal Seca OMeResource @ Susuist @ See more derivatives that have been nportle excluded: panier, pantry, pastille. This entry also includes derivatives of ons accomplice, alteration of complice ‘an mportuner D ; associate’, from late Latin complex, a ccomplic- ‘allied’ (as in complicate and i complicit), from the root of plicare ‘to Tea fold’ (see entry @), and probably by Oo Ee association with accompany. Sone OIE aa e Use the Oxford Dictionaries to check 5 (ae the origins of the following headwords, all of them derived from the same root plicare ‘to fold': accomplice, apply, complicate, complicit, deploy, (di)splay, duplicate, employ, exploit, multiply, replicate, reply, triplicate, etc. + Other words from this root includes pliable, pliant, pliers, ply (in the sense of ‘thickness’ as in plywood: the other sense as in ply with drink, is simply a shortening of apply), etc. and their derivatives. Pleat and plait are further y, (alt-}transp fee me relatives. Plight means ‘to promise solemnly’, and pledge is probably @ est distant relative. The other meaning of eer teeGee) plight, ‘2 predicament, is from the isproportiona Sry ar nec same root. aa ese tC) + Compliance and compliant looks as if they should be relatives, but their immediate source, to comply, originally came from Latin complere ea mee ‘to fulfil accomplish, though later es esi seen g developed senses influenced by their behleralge eeeeg similarities to pliance and pliant. NenaeD © ELSIE. The word root is related to Latin radi Caren the source also of eradicate, radical, Hee Ba eh ly radish, wort, etc. and their derivatives. Lunproportionateness, well-aroportion ated + Root used of an animal turning up the ground with its snout in search of food, cor of someone backing a candidate for © ESRI the word duct comes from Latin 3 post (es in to rect for) - perhaps ducers to lead’ The verb hee with the idea of trying to dig up further produced numerous words in English support through their efforts, is a Ircluding abduch conduct condett, completely different word, that may deduce, duke, educate, in(tro)duce, ultimately be linked to Latin rodere (reproduce, reduce, seduce, ‘gnaw’. This entry includes all ofits subdue, etc. and their derivatives. eae « From Latin rodere ‘to gnaw’ come © ESTEE the word language is from Latin corrode, erode, rodent, rostrum, etc lingua ‘tongue’, which is also found and their derivatives. inlingustandits derivatives, and gy SPY | : PIERRE. The word history goes back to 2 very ee eee ancient root that is also the source of Latin videre ‘to see’ (source also of © SLU the word company comes from video, view, vision, etc. and their Latin panis ‘bread’. Here are some derivatives) and of wise and wit a. BLoGCHUvENANH.WoRDPRESS.COM / TRINH THANH TRUNG B.A.MISLEADING ‘NeGaTives “to have knowledge’. The -wise in clockwise and lengthwise means ‘way, manner’, but is ultimately related to the other wise. «The suffix -wise is attached to nouns to form a sentence adverb meaning ‘with respect to’. The suffix is very productive and widely used in modern English but most of the words so formed are considered inelegant or not good English style, © EME rplexed(ly)) Peon coy plexing(ly), perplexion, perplexity Nee uae maa fae MISLEADING ‘NEGATIVE Not all words beginning with apparently negative prefixes are actual opposites. In some cases the positive form no longer exists. Use suitable affixes to form words to complete the sentences. Like many other prosperous geezers, they would prefer to hit the links and avoid ___ places ‘where nobody has heard of. (CAN) European culture and values shaped the urban and rural landscapes. (DELETE) council staff and councillors are to waste public money on proposals which do not address the situation. (APT) Throughout the attacks, the offenders shouted racist and remarks to him. (FLAME) Nobody even blinks an eyelid when she's being wooed passionately by a(n) flirtatious tour guide. (RECTIFY) I'm with rage that Greek and Latin are no longer compulsory in schools. (CANDLE) Even the most ‘of subjects would contain a hidden meaning. (NUISANCE) Much to our many youngsters have no sense of their own future at all. (-MAY-) Our sport is rife with elitism that has decayed the core of other field sports, which now face the very real prospect of being outlawed. (SEDATE) * : Chuven De Worp FORMATION / COLLECTION 2 WorD FORMATION Resource @ Suaust @ Bear) eo iu Rep yee Renee) winded, by-the-wind, cro: it eens aati ant rare Ea Scie, Caer eer ieee a mUauret elec ine e)wind eet eee Me ea ceca Roe, Graeterrs oa enc oaeac ieee Cay Oe eae Ceraeate i)Woros with SPECT / Eponyms Back-FORMATION @® The high ceilings and unbroken expanses of wall in @ The possibilty of a(n) erupting is the house make the rooms seem awkward and terrifying, but the odds are fairly [ong against i (-GAIN-) happening in our lifetimes. (VOLCANO) @ The fire broke out when a passenger sprayed @ The Energy Ministry will launch a campaign to cn the floor from two bottles and set promote the wider public use of alternative energy fire to it. (FLAME) sources such as gasohol and (DIESEL) @ | have also had to contact the council regarding the @ Alternative energy strategies such as appearance of the roads in my area, panels can be used to teach about electricity and (come) how itis produced. (VOLT) Gaameesen eee) RS Use suitable words containing the root -spect- to 82ck formation is a way in which new words are formed complete the following sentences. from existing words. You start with a word that appears to have been formed with an affix (eg. lazy), and you @ inhesitant English, the __Thaiman remove the affix, producing a new word (e.g. laze). Most thanked te foterets we paveelped Ne py, modem back-formations are verbs. tis @ process that community, raising the biggest cheer of the night. has been going on in English for a long time (e.g. hawk ‘to @ ‘Such concerns notwithstanding, some insist that travel around trying to sel things from hawker: pea from ramen Poor pease, which had come to be regarded as plural). But @ sic wielydistee among peorsbecousehe ennew eres recreated @e, emate ror emotion) ene ean as a threat to the purity of English. Here are more back- as decicn hon tre orvinect rove frations from the OALD for you to discover rocky music. @ Extensive forensic ink analysis and_____ imaging tests provided further physical evidence that placed the docs in the same time period. @ Launching with one's classmates can help the undergraduate develop a sense of, about their studies. @ Werneed to understand whether a war is. necessary, of the economic effects. @ As economists would agree, the most accurate insight into trends is viewed in od @ Lack of boots and clothing had compelled ba re parents to keep their offspring at home. ae @ These criminals are turning to redirecting domain names so that users will logonto = Ag illegitimate sites under hacker control classify bb Gas Eponyms are words based on the name of a fu particular person (real or fictional) or a mythical jaan being. All of the stems given in capitals below are English eponyms. Use the Oxford Dictionaries to check their origins. Then supply their correct forms to complete the sentences. Salmonella bacteria are commonly found in meats, ly poultry, eggs, and cheese and milk at (PASTEUR) @ Before participating in what might be politically motivated the media should actually read the report. (PANIC) civilians fleeing the violence were seen running in the streets carrying bundles of ie Possessions on their heads. (PANIC) : . BLOGCHUYENANH. WORDPRESS.COM / TRINH THANH TRUNG B.A.BACK-FORMATION e@ ee @ 6 8 e eee © @ @ Alll of the stems given in capitals below are English back-formations. Use the Oxford Dictionaries to check their origins. Then supply their correct forms to complete the sentences. By the 1990s, most paleontologists considered birds to be surviving dinosaurs and referred to ‘_____ dinosaurs’ (all extinct), to distinguish them from birds ( (AVIATE) Proceedings started for the home team, when prevailing wisdom was they needed early points to stand any chance. (AVIATE) Reports of __ among a small number of party members emerged following the leadership election at the weekend. (GRUNTLED) The triumphant is hair-raising in its eminent sense of nationalism. (ORATE) The mass media had appropriated the role of the historian as the of the nation, (ORATE) Predictions of continued lower tourism dollars could also hurt as restaurant revenues come from wandering __ (SIGHTSEE) The animal lover may find this book a little cold, but itis a contribution to the debate if the movement is ever to turn the minds of those who will only listen to'science’. (VIVISECT) twas a peaceful town till about a year ago when. barbarians started slaughtering folks. (VIVISECT) For the first time BBC Children in Need was interactive, allowing millions of viewers ‘with digital TV access to donate to the charity from the comfort of their armchair. (TELEVISE) Gliding is not an easily sport, short of putting the camera in a very high altitude plane, to get a view with something to provide context. CTELEVISE) Sanjay, who had been endowed ad hoc with ability, narrated the day's events to the blind man. (TELEVISE) The Piano Concerto survives unceasing exposure only to emerge perennially and _ fresh. (DESTRUCT) Progress has been made in turning these weapons into___analytical tools. (DESTRUCT) It looks as if African nationalism is bent on the same _ trajectory as its predecessor. (DESTRUCT) There is a second, even darker, metaphysics associated with those terrorists who are nihilists, which leads directly to an ethic and practice of (DESTRUCT) In the matter of genetics, ike the Internet and nuclear (PROLIFERATE) We should encourage China to greater participation in and other global security regimes. (PROLIFERATE) no country can go for it alone. CuveN De Worp Formation / COLLECTION 2 BLENDS / CONVERSION Blending was a popular way of making humorous words in the second half of the 19" century. At that time they were usually called portmanteau words. In the 20" , blending became an important method of adding new words to the English language. Here isa list of blends collected from the OALD (with thegrademarks excluded). cultivar eo cree cae oi docud histamine docusoap —_identikt eee aon) a eee Speier ete Grell Gre ete eit ere MES This process is also known as zero derivation or functional shift, new instances of which language purists tend to find disturbing. Here are some examples, Verbs from nouns: (to) ape, bicycle, bridge, curb, dust, eye, fool, guillotine, hammer, harness, hinge, knot, list, mask, mirror, model, panic, pilot, pity, pool, rocket, shape, shop, slave, snake, tailor, toboggan, wax, wolf Verbs from adjectives: (to) blind, savage, slim, tame Verbs from adverbs: (to) down, near, up - Nouns from verbs: (a/an}islike, find, hide, look, polish, reject, try, whisper «Nouns from adjectives: (a/an) annual, bitter, final, heavy, natural, regular, wet, wideAFFIXES & COMPOUNDS ® ‘Supply the correct form of the word in capitals. *@ Piglets are often kept in to minimise fighting and aggression caused through frustration due to their appalling conditions. (DARK) Early people learned how to make fire and modify their rain dances and other rituals to alleviate droughts are part of our folklore. (ENVIRONMENT) The reserve is located in a transitional area with submontane forest. (UMBRELLA) No matter how we might change externals, itis only when our feelings are altered that we truly change and grow. (IN) Reporting should be dispassionate and news judgements based on the need to give viewers a(n) account of events. (HAND) He hopes the transatlantic challenge again will bring out the best in him. (WAIT) The case must be pleaded by advocates of the aggrieved party, otherwise the culprits of this, heinous crime would go (SCOT) For Shanghai gourmets, the prospect of being able to enjoy authentic Egyptian food has always sounded a bit (FETCH) Ifyou want to turn off the and start taking control of your life t takes only one moment tomake the decision. (PILOT) There are guns and chases, murderous plots and heroic rescues; an entertaining read. (KNUCKLE) These characters were from comers of the world, and each had their own fighting styles. (FLING) This kind of makes it possibile to grow plants rapidly, all year round, by maintaining an optimal balance of nutrients. CTANK) Geologists want to know how rock forces its way from the core to the surface, where it explodes as lava, (MELT) Elephants are considered to be as their herds are organised females, who issue instructions and co-ordinate movements. (ARCH) In Vietnam, Tet is a time for thoroughly the home and for wearing new clothes and most importantly, reunion. (CLEAN) Outrageous fortune always makes for a good story, while success seems less worthy of comment. (EARN) No sooner had this farrago of and fiction been discredited then along came the second myth. (TRUE) He was into management and took his first junior executive role at the age of 22. (TRACK) The NGO will also work alongside all homeless organisations and those at risk of homelessness, ensuring a(n) citywide service. (FLY) e@9eee8 8088080 00000080 @8@ PHRASAL & PREPOSITIONAL COMPOUNDS @ The country’s fast growth is rapidly its natural resources. (STRIP) The patient may attempt to function without or may rely primarily on pharmacologic interventions. (FEED) The government managed to win parliamentary approval for only a(n) version of the measure abolishing religious orders. (WATER) Revolts and are only the beginning of a process of real social revolution. (RISE) ‘An investigation often begins with a(n) survey of the entire site and structure. (WALK) The union has opted for a(n) period of three weeks before making its next move. (COOL) They are a happy couple whose only flaw is the absence of a(n) child. (LONG) There were some terribly negotiations beforehand about where we could eat. (DRAW) The pace and driving momentum of the narrative render the book (PUT) The Street administration portrays the mounted unit as a relic of a(n) era. (GO) A major transit airport, Tan Son Nhat has a(n) of 40 million passengers a year. (PUT) The police launched a massive on mobile abusers fining more than 500 motorists. (CLAMP) Those still moved by the plight of the and shocked by the presence of injustice in our midst should read the book. (TREAD) ‘The council was recently forced to its single status plans after council workers threatened industrial action. (TRACK) The Times has been criticised for the strike by its own ombudsmen, as well as by actors. and activists. (PLAY) ‘Computer geeks are extremely unlikely to suffer those spectacular emotional that make for good television. (MELT) Tendentious jokes are a way of the barriers against the direct expression of obscenity and aggression that civilisation has set up. (PASS) it gets tiresome when people think you are past your date and have nothing to offer. (SELL) Those losses are caused as much, or more, by productivity gains from automation than from so- called (SHORE) To lower labor and environmental costs, major companies in the West manufacturing work to developing countries. (SOURCE) ‘The policeman had occasion to shed the gentlemanly demeanour and give miscreants some good (DRESS) @ ‘on eo eee@e8@8e8 @6hmUmOOmUMOMmUMOMCHOCH CSB LCBS Use this password betrunghitungtang to access answer keys, extra notes and teaching tips on blogchuyenanh. wordpress.com, Please do not share the password out BLOGCHUYENANH. WORDPRESS.COM / TRINH THANH TRUNG B.A.