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Table of Contents
Lesson Description Page
1 Introductory Advices 4
2 Introduction of Tajweed 6
3 The Makhaarij of the Letters 7
4 Pronunciation of Arabic 12
Vowels
5 The Rule of Madd 16
6 The Rules of Qalqala 18
7 Madd-e-Leen 20
8 The Rule of letter Laam 22
9 The Rules of Noon Saakin and 24
Tanween
10 Pronunciation of shadd 30
11 The Rule of Ghunnah 31
12 Huroof-e-Muqatta’at 32
13 Symbols of pauses (Waqaf) 34

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Lesson: 1
Introductory Guidance
 It is best to recite the Quran in its
original language that is Arabic.
 Recite the Quran with a beautiful
Arabic accent and proper
pronunciation.
 Start reciting the Quran with taooz
and recite tasmiyah
except for surah At-Tawbah.
 When you finish a surah and you are
starting a new surah, always say
Bismillah.
 Avoid any discussion while you are
reading the Quran. If you need to stop
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 for an important conversation, close
the Quran and when you are done
talking, say taooz and you can start
reading the Quran again.
 Avoid changing one letter to another
especially the letters that sound the
similar.
 Avoid stretching a harakah or vowel
that it may sound like haroof.
 Recite heavy letters heavy and the light
letters light.

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Lesson: 2
Introduction of Tajweed
Tajweed is an Arabic word meaning
correct pronunciation during recitation.
It is a set of rules which dictate how the
Quran should be read.
It is the knowledge and application of
rules to recite the Quran as close as
possible as it was recited by the prophet
Muhammad (saw).

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Lesson: 3
The Makhaarij of the Letters

The term "makhraj" in Arabic means

articulation point. The place from which
the sound of a letter originates.

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In the throat there are 3 makhaarij and
each one has 2 letters

Upper Throat
Middle Throat
Lower Throat

is pronounced by the extreme back of the

tongue touching the upper palate to create a
thick sound

The makhraj is slightly in front of the .

The tongue should not meet the upper palate
other than what is necessary to pronounce the
letter.

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 , and
These are all pronounced when the middle
part of the tongue comes in contact with
what lies opposite to it from the roof of the
mouth

The rear side of the tongue touches the

upper back teeth (upper molars) in either one
of 3 ways : from the right side, from the left
side OR from both sides

The top of the tongue touches the upper gum of

the front three teeth to say Raa

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 Tip of the tongue touches the
back of the front two teeth to
say

Tip of the tongue meets the edge of the

front upper teeth

Join the upper and the lower front

teeth together, touch the teeth
with tip of the tongue to say Zaa,
Seen and Sawd

Edge of the upper front teeth

touches the lower tip to say Faa

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 Gently close the upper and the
lower tip together to say Baa,
Meem and Waaw

Waaw will be prounced by partly circle the lips

(incomplete joining of both lips)

Al Khayshoom
The nasal cavity is located at the furthest point
of the nose (the bridge of the nose). It is the
opening that connects the mouth w ith the
nose. This connection is where the Ghunnah
exits.

The Ghunnah is produced in the following

cases:

When the has a shaddah ( )

When the has a shaddah ( )

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Lesson: 4
Pronunciation of Arabic Vowels
Short Vowels:
Fattah (Zabbar)
Kasrah (Zer)

Dammah (Pesh)

1: Fattah makes the sound of “A”.

It should be pronounced with an open
mouth

Example:

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2: Kasrah makes the sound of “E”. It
should be pronounced by lowering our
jaws and lips.

Example:

3: Dammah makes the sound of

“OO”. It should be pronounced by
circling your lips.

Example:

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Exercise of Vowels

Exercises of all three Vowels

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Avoid incorrect reading or stretching of
the vowels:
Correct reading

Incorrect reading

Note: Total vowels are 9:

Total sings are 4 , , ,

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Lesson: 5
The Rule of Madd
There are 4 letters which we have to
stretch. The length of stretch is 2 fingers
long or 2 harakah.

1: Alif without any signs ( )

2: Waaw with saakin ( )

3: Yaa with saakin ( )

Above 3 haroof are called haroo-e-
madd.
4: Alif maqsoora,Alif mamdooda and

upside down Dammah

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These three harakahs gives the sound of
haroof-e-madd.
Exercise:
Alif madd and Alif maqsoora

Waaw madd and upside down Dammah

Yaa madd and alif mamdooda

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Lesson: 6
The Rules of Qalqala
 Qalqala is a quality in which we
pronounce the letter with echoing
sound when they have saakin sign on
it, for example:

 There are five letters of Qalqala

 When comes with

saakin sign, we make echo sign

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 To memorize these five letters, we

combine them together as

 Qalqala does not apply with any other
letter then QUTAB JAD
Exercise of Qalqala:

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Lesson: 7
Madd-e-Leen
There are two Madd-e-Leen Letters,
Waaw and Yaa
When Waaw and Yaa comes with sakoon
and has Fattah before it, we read them
with the soft voice
Example:

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 Madd-e-Leen will occur if a Saakin
appears after a Letter of Leen.
Exercises of Waaw-e- Leen

Exercises of Yaa-e-Leen

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Lesson: 8
The Rule of letter Laam:
 When the harakah of Fattah or
Dammah appear before the word
Allah , the letter Laam is
prounced with heavy voice or full
mouth

Example:

 If Kasrah appears before the word

Allah then the Laam in Allah will be
pounced with an empty mouth

Example:
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 However the Laam mushaddad (Laam
with shaddah) is read with an empty
mouth

Example:

Note:
A letter that has Shaddah sign on it is
called Mushaddad

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Lesson: 9
The Rules of Noon Saakin and
Tanween
Noon Saakin means a Noon with a
Jazm/Sukoon on it. Tanween means two
Fattah, two Kasrah, and two Dhamma.
There are four rules related to Noon
Saakin and Tanween. In all the rules, you
must look at the letter after the Noon
Saakin or Tanween to determine which
rule to follow. The four rules are:
1. Izhar.
2. Iqlaab.
3. Idhghaam
4. Ikhfa

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1. Izhar:
When the noon saakin or tanween is
followed by any of the Huroof Halaqee,
meaning the six letters that are
pronounced from the throat, izhar will
take place. Izhar means to pronounce
the “N” sound of the noon saakin or
tanween WITHOUT stretching it. The
huroof halaqi are: ‫غ خ ع ح ءه‬

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2. Iqlaab:
If there is a letter BAA after the Noon
Saakin or Tanween, Iqlaab will take
place. Iqlaab means to change the sound
of Noon Saakin or tanween (“N” sound)
into a meem. The sound will also be
stretched into a Ghunnah. Usually there
is a little meem to signify this change.
Listen to the soundbyte for more details.
The examples:

After Tanween After Noon Saakin

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3. Idghaam:
If after the Noon Saakin or Tanween any
of the letters of ‫ يرملون‬appear, idghaam
will be done. Idghaam means to
combine the “N” sound of the Noon or
tanween with the following letter. In
four letters, ‫( يومن‬Yaa, Waaw, Meem,
Noon) Idghaam will be WITH Ghunnah.
In the two letters, ‫( ر ل‬Laam and Raa),
Idghaam will be without Ghunnah.

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Examples without Ghunnah:

Examples with Ghunnah:

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4. Ikhfa:
Whenever any of following fifteen
letters appear after Noon Saakin or
Tanween, ikhfa will be done. Ikhfa
means to slightly “hide” the “N” sound
of the Noon Saakin and Tanween, and
lengthen it slightly.

‫ت ث جد ذ ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ف‬
‫قك‬

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Lesson: 10
Pronunciation of shadd
The sign ( ) above the letter with a
haraka (Fattah, Kasrah, Dammah) is
called ‘Tashdeed’.
It looks like the English letter ‘w’.
The letter bearing a tashdeed is called
‘Mushaddad’.
Tashdeed means to strengthen or to
stress.
The letter bearing the tashdeed is
doubled - the first letter always takes
the sukun and the second letter bears
the haraka.
Example:

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Lesson: 11
The Rule of Ghunnah
It is the sound that is emitted from the
nasal passage without any function of
the tongue.
The letters of the Ghunnah are Noon

and Meem
The length of the Ghunnah is 2 harkah.
Example:

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Lesson: 12
Huroof-e-Muqatta’at

 Certain Surahs (chapters) in the Quran

begin with some letters from the
Arabic Alphabet

 These combinations of letters are

known as the Huroof-e-Muqatta’at

 These letters should be recited, as

they are written

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Lesson: 13
Symbols of pauses (Waqaf)
Waqaf means to stop, the plural of
Waqat is Awqaaf
There are some symbols where we
pause or stop. Following are the
symbols of pauses
This sign is called Waqf Lazim,
which means compulsory
stop

This sign is called Ayat, it

comes at the end of the
verse, and it means the
sentence is completed and
has to STOP

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It is desirable to continue without pause

A quick pause without breaking your

breath

This sign is called Waqf Jaiz.It

is the same to stop or to
continue (The Equality Stop)

We cannot stop (The

Prohibited Stop

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This Tajweed book is compiled from
following sources:
 Aasan Tajweed by Salma Kokab
 Quran–al-Karim with Ehkham-ul-
Tajweed
 Multiple websites
 Tajweed Rules of the Quran by
Kareema Carol Czerepinski

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