Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cremation
Type 3 Research
2009-2010
AUTHORS
Donggon, Lea R.
Francisco, Veronicca T.
Mayores, Jo Ann D.
Torrefranca, Shiela R.
March 2010
1
I. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION 1-3
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 6
HYPOTHESIS 8
OBJECTIVES 8
DATA 25-26
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 58
2
I. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
order to satisfy the need for living spaces. Also because of this the
residential, or even for your last resting place. Memorial plans cost
are over the top, costing almost as high as a one story house. That
3
consecrated ground in a remote area of the cemetery or sold as
cremated remains into low earth orbit, where they remain for years
artificial reef, or they can also be mixed into paint and made into a
national parks in the U.S., with a special permit. They can also be
4
already been purchased or are in use by the families disposing of
catholic population. Are the Filipinos more open minded now, or are
5
6
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
following diagram:
VARIABLES VARIABLES
Respondents’
• Income
• Occupation
• Race
• Education
generation’s belief differ from what the older generation beieve in. The
among Filipinos that only the rich andaffluent can afford to have their
7
respondents choice. Religion may also be a factor in determining their
background.
respondents know about the process of cremation, the more they are
8
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Figure 1
9
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
among Filipinos. The study will also focus on the relationship of the
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Income
1.4 Occupation
1.5 Religion
1.6 Race
1.7 Education
respondents?
2.1 Religion
2.2 Promotion
2.3 Trend
10
HYPOTHESES
1. That all the respondents have the right to decide for their family.
practical.
is expensive.
OBJECTIVES:
11
Specific Objectives:
Filipinos
taken from two hundred (200) respondents who were between the
thousand (P600, 000), since it is the normal age for working adults who
12
can have the right to decide for their family. And thus, it is believe that
or traditional burial.
the researchers.
information.
13
To other people who are unaware about cremation for they will
14
II. Review of Related Literature
faithful, provided the reason for choosing cremation does not stem
(can. 1176 #3) makes the same provision. The Instruction states:
15
above all of the resurrection of the dead and the
the Christian religion. This has always been the thinking of the Church
order, the Church did not and does not object to it.
There has been a change for the better in attitudes and in recent
Sticking to Tradition
16
sometimes stands in the way.” Marivic Malaluan, 34,
The Manila city government will soon offer free cremation services
17
Residents may choose to keep the ashes of their
run hospitals.
Burial Methods
burying the dead. It ranges from natural burial to sky burial. Some
18
cultures. In addition, mummification is a more extensive method of
finest.
without one.
soil.
19
Excarnation is the practice of removing the flesh
mountaintop.
20
urban areas where there are crematoriums. Reasons vary from
21
to look like a traditional casket. After the funeral
In the UK, the body is not removed from the coffin and
22
remains are passed through a magnetic field to remove
exist.
23
Cemetery in 1903. In Victoria, a cremation bill was
• UK - 70.70%
• USA - 27.12%
• Japan - 99.41%
• Italy - 6.62%
• Ghana -1.78%
24
overnight in a refrigerator. As a result, a lower fee is
and stay awake all night, just in case the person wakes
Buddhist name.
at the cemetery.
25
within six hours of the person's death in the simplest
ceremonial way.
the soul which stays around the body for three days
26
percent. In Japan, where cremation was illegal in 1875,
27
dominant than the traditional burial especially in Japan where
and upper classes but also the poor who have granted free
28
III. DATA AND METHODOLOGY
cremation.
status.
DATA
29
The descriptive approach made use as the approach to this
study. The sources of data came from the survey conducted by the
F/P x 100
30
IV. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS EVALUATION
Table 1
1.1 Gender
G E
GENDER F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%)
Female 27 67.5 21 52.5% 41 68.33 7 35% 8 40% 9 45%
% %
Male 13 32.5 19 47.5% 19 31.67 13 65% 12 60% 11 55%
% %
L 0 % 0 0 % 0 %
The table above shows that there are more female respondents
Parañaque and Pasay area, there are more male respondents than
31
60% are male. In Pasay, 9 out of 20 or 45% are female while 11 or 55%
are male.
1.2 Age
G E
AGE F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%)
25-30 3 7.5% 10 25% 10 16.67 6 30% 4 20% 3 15%
%
31-35 7 17.5 4 10% 10 16.67 1 5% 2 10% 3 15%
% %
36-40 10 25% 7 18% 12 20% 1 5% 2 10% 4 20%
41-45 5 12.5 8 20% 14 23.33 7 35% 5 25% 1 5%
% %
46-50 6 15% 4 10% 4 6.67% 2 10% 2 10% 4 20%
51-55 3 7.5% 3 8% 3 5% 2 10% 3 15% 4 20%
56-60 6 15% 4 10% 7 11.67 1 5% 2 10% 1 5%
L 0 % 0 0 % 0 %
aged 41-45 with 23.33%, 35% and 25% respectively. In Pasay most of
32
the respondents aged 36-40, 46-50 and 51-55 with 20 % or 4 out of 20
respondents.
33
Out of 20 respondents in Parañaque, there are 20% or 4
G E
CIVIL F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%)
STATUS
Single 9 22.5 10 25% 12 20% 5 25% 2 10% 5 25%
%
Married 27 67.5 28 70% 44 73.33 13 65% 15 75% 14 70%
% %
Widow/ 4 10% 2 5% 4 6.67% 2 10% 3 15% 1 5%
Widower
L 0 % 0 0 % 0 %
34
The table above shows that most of the respondents in Bulacan,
widows/widowers.
are widows/widowers.
35
In Pasay, out of 20 respondents, 25% or 5 respondents are
widow/widower.
1.4 Education
G E
EDUCATION F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%)
High School 5 12.5 2 5% 6 10% 9 45% 3 15% 5 25%
%
College 29 72.5 27 67.5% 50 83.33 8 40% 14 70% 11 55%
% %
Post 6 15% 11 27.5% 4 6.67% 3 15% 3 15% 4 20%
Graduate
0 % 0 0 % 0 %
TOTAL 200 respondents
36
In Mandaluyong, 5% or 2 out of 40 respondents are high school
1.5 Occupation
37
G E
OCCUPATIO F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%)
N
Unemployed 1 2.5% 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 25% 5 25%
Self- 1 2.5% 8 20% 24 40% 4 20% 6 30% 6 30%
employed
Employed 38 95% 32 80% 36 60% 16 80% 9 45% 9 45%
0 % 0 % 0 % 0 %
on the given answers at the percentage of 95%, 80%, 60%, 80%, 45%
employed.
38
In Pasig, out of 20 respondents, there are none or 0%
employed respondents.
39
1.6 Annual Income
G E
ANNUAL F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%)
INCOME
P 100,000- 31 77.5 24 60% 28 46.67 18 90% 11 55% 8 40%
200,000 % %
P 200,000- 7 17.5 9 23% 4 6.67% 1 5% 2 10% 4 20%
400,000 %
P 400,000- 2 5% 7 18% 28 46.67 1 5% 7 35% 8 40%
600,000 %
L 0 % 0 0 % 0 %
77.5%, 60%, 90% 55% and 40% respectively. In Manila, most of the
P400,000-600,000 annually.
40
P200,000-400,000 annually and 18% or 7 respondents earn from
P400,000-600,000 annually.
P400,000-600,000 annually.
annually.
P400,000-600,000 annually.
annually.
41
Table 2
G E
F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%)
Yes 40 100% 40 100% 60 100% 20 100% 20 100% 20 100%
No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
% % % %
cremation.
42
Table 3
G E
F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%)
Word of 24 51.06 19 36.54% 45 62.5% 14 51.85 12 60% 10 50%
Mouth % %
News 12 25.53 14 26.92% 8 11.11 8 29.63 4 20% 3 15%
% % %
Advertisin 9 19.15 10 19.23% 13 18.06 3 11.11 4 20% 7 35%
g % % %
Others 2 4.26% 9 17.31% 6 8.33% 2 7.41% 0 0 0 0
7 2 7 0 %
other sources.
43
In Manila, 62.5% or 45 respondents knew about cremation
Table 4
G E
F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%)
Yes 4 10% 14 35% 6 10% 7 35% 3 15% 3 15%
No 36 90% 26 65% 54 90% 13 65% 17 85% 17 85%
L 0 % 0 % 0 % 0 %
44
deceased member of their family that cremated based on the answers
at the percentage of 90%, 65%, 30%, 65%, 85% and 85% respectively.
Table 4.1
N G E
F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%)
Grandparen 0 0 4 20% 0 0 4 44% 0 0 2 66.67
t %
Mother 0 0 1 5% 1 14.29 0 0 1 33.33% 0 0
%
Father 0 0 2 10% 1 14.29 0 0 1 33.33% 0 0
%
Sibling 1 25% 2 10% 1 14.29 0 0 0 0 0 0
%
Child 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Grandchild 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uncle 1 25% 4 20% 0 0 5 56% 0 0 0 0
Aunt 0 0 1 5% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Niece/ 1 25% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nephew
In-law 0 0 3 15% 2 28.57 0 0 1 33.33% 1 33.33
45
% %
Others 1 25% 3 15% 2 28.57 0 0 0 0 0 0
% %
Table 4.2
Were there members of the family/relatives who did not agree with the
decision to cremate?
N G E
F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%)
Yes 0 0 2 14.29% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
No 4 100% 12 85.71% 6 100% 7 100% 3 100% 3 100%
% % % %
member of family who have been cremated, 100% said that there is
said that there is none who did not agree with the decision to cremate
member of family who have been cremated, 100% said that there is
46
In Pasig out of the 7 respondents who have a deceased member
of family who have been cremated, 100% said that there is none who
member of family who have been cremated, 100% said that there is
of family who have been cremated, 100% said that there is none who
47
Table 5
G E
Advantage F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%)
s
Less costly 13 21.67 14 24.14% 9 14.06 3 13.64 6 30% 5 25%
% % %
More 27 45% 22 37.93% 38 59.38 5 22.73 3 15% 3 15%
practical % %
Environmen 9 15% 6 10.34% 4 6.25% 9 40.91 3 15% 2 10%
t friendly %
It is less 10 16.67 14 24.14% 12 18.75 4 18.18 8 40% 10 50%
burdensome % % %
on the part
of the family
Others 1 1.67% 2 3.45% 1 1.56% 1 4.55% 0 0 0 0
0 4 2 0 %
48
respondents think that cremation is environment friendly. 16.67% or
compared to others.
compared to others.
49
In Parañaque, 30% or 6 respondents think cremation is less
family.
family.
50
Table 5.1
cremation?
G E
Disadvantag F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%)
es
Expensive 11 23.4% 3 5.77% 9 12.16% 9 37.5% 8 40% 5 25%
Hazardous to 3 6.38% 4 7.69% 5 6.76% 1 4.17% 7 35% 5 25%
environment
Difficult for 12 25.53% 19 36.54% 20 27.03% 2 8.33% 0 0 2 10%
family to
decide
Opinion of 16 34.04% 16 30.77% 13 17.57% 3 12.50% 1 5% 3 15%
relatives are to
be considered
Not humane 2 4.26% 4 7.69% 20 27.03% 5 20.83% 2 10% 3 15%
Disrespectful 3 6.38% 1 1.92% 6 8.11% 4 16.67% 2 10% 2 10%
7 4 4 0
51
disadvantage of cremation is that it is expensive at the percentage of
respondent thinks that it is disrespectful for the dead and 9.62% of the
52
environment. 27.03% or 20 respondents think that it is difficult for the
others.
53
environment. 10% or 2 respondents think that it is difficult for the
Table 6
G E
F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%)
Traditional Burial 31 77.5 21 52.5% 49 81.67 14 70% 9 45% 7 35%
% %
Cremation 9 22.5 19 47.5% 11 18.33 6 30% 11 55% 13 65%
% %
0 % 0 0 % 0 %
65%respectively.
prefer cremation.
54
In Mandaluyong, 52.5% or 21 out of 40 respondents prefer
prefer cremation.
cremation.
cremation.
Table 6.1
G E
Factors F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%)
Religious 17 38.64 17 31.48% 39 58.21 12 50% 8 40% 8 40%
Beliefs % %
Family 16 36.36 14 25.93% 12 17.91 7 29.17 6 30% 9 45%
and % % %
Relatives
Economi 1 2.27% 4 7.41% 2 2.99% 0 0 2 10% 0 0
c
Practical 10 22.73 17 31.48% 12 17.91 3 12.5% 4 20% 3 15%
55
Reasons % %
Others 0 0 2 3.7% 2 2.99% 2 8.33% 0 0 0 0
4 7 4 0 %
The table above shows that most of the respondents in Bulacan
their stated that their religious belief strongly influenced their choice at
choice.
56
respondents cited family and relatives as a factor influencing their
the remaining 8.33% or 2 respondents said that their friends and the
57
as a factor influencing their choice. 4 respondents or 20% expressed
practical reasons.
Table 7
G E
F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%)
Yes 9 22.5 8 20% 15 25% 6 30% 16 80% 9 45%
%
No 31 77.5 32 80% 45 75% 14 70% 4 20% 11 55%
L 0 % 0 % 0 % 0 %
based on their answer at the percentage of 78%, 80%, 75%, 70% and
58
have memorial plan and the remaining 32 respondents or 80% have
Table 8
G E
F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%)
0 % 0 % 0 % 0 %
59
In Bulacan, out of 40 respondents, 4 ror 10% are absolutely
undecided.
undecided.
60
V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
SUMMARY
Pasig, Paraňaque and Pasay 113 were female and 87 were male.
Pasig, Paraňaque and Pasay ages 25- 30 were 36, ages 31-35
were ages 27, ages 36-40 were 36, ages 41-45 were 40, ages 46-
50 were 22, ages 51-55 were 18, and ages 56-60 were 21.
to P200, 000.
61
8. Majority of the respondents know cremation through word of
mouth.
10. Most of the deceased members of the family are their grand
practical.
14. Their religious belief is the factor that strongly affects their
CONCLUSION
of mouth.
62
Although people are knowledgeable about cremation, the fact
RECOMMENDATION
facilities.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/sim/sim/view/20091024-
232070/Unto-Dust-Returnest
• http://australianmuseum.net.au/Disposing-of-the-dead-Cremation
• http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/sim/sim/view/20091024-
232069/Well-Disposed
63
• http://globalnation.inquirer.net/cebudailynews/enterprise/view
/20091021-231446/Demand-for-cremation-vaults-up
64
Questionnaire
Dear Respondent,
Greetings! We are business students currently enrolled in
Marketing Research (MK306). We are conducting this survey in relation
to our study on people’s level of knowledge on cremation. The data
that will be useful in developing the research. In this regard, may we
request you to kindly answer the questions. The information you will
share will enable us to achieve the objective of the endeavor. Thank
you.
The Researchers
65
___ In-law ___ others, please
specify_________________
66
7. Are you absolutely against cremation?
___Yes ___No ___Undecided
67
68
69