Microbiology chapter 7.

Foundations in Microbiology Talaro,

9e
Study online at quizlet.com/_1mr44p

1. 96% of cells are composed of 6 elements Carbon 14. Contains Proteins, carbohydrates. Macronutrients
which are what? Hydrogen Required in large quantities and plays a
Oxygen principal role in cell structure and
Phosphorous metabolism is known as what?
Sulfur
15. ______derive nutrients from Parasites
Nitrogen
host
2. _____actions of one organism affect the Antagonism
16. Division of bacterial cells occurs mainly Binary fission
success or survival of others in the same
through_____
community
(competition) 17. _______does not require energy; substances Passive
exist in a gradient and move from areas of transport
3. All microbes require: a
higher
a. some carbon dioxide in their
concentration toward areas of lower
metabolism
concentration
b. no carbon dioxide in their
metabolism 18. _______does not utilize oxygen Anaerobe

4. Any ingredient such as a certain amino Essential 19. _______do not require high concentration of Osmotolerant
acid, fatty acid, vitamin, or mineral that nutrients solute but can tolerate it when it occurs
cannot be formed by an organism and 20. _______do not utilize oxygen Aerotolerant
must be supplied in the diet is known as but can survive and grow in its presence anaerobes
what?
21. Environmental Factors That c
5. _________are free-living Saprobes Influence Microbes include:
microorganisms that feed on
organic detritus from dead a. Temperature, H20, pH, Osmotic
organisms pressure, Barometric pressure
6. As limiting factors intensify, cells die Death phase
exponentially. This is know as what phase? b. pollution, Oxygen requirements, pH,
hydrogen, Barometric pressure
7. An atom or molecule that contains a Inorganic
combination of atoms other than carbon nutrients
c. Temperature, Oxygen requirements, pH,
and hydrogen is known as what?
Osmotic pressure, Barometric pressure
8. _____brings substances into the cell Endocytosis
22. ______grow at extreme acid pH Acidophiles,
through a vesicle or phagosome
and_______grow at extreme alkaline pH Alkalinophiles
9. Cannot grow without oxygen Obligate
23. ______grows best at higher CO2 tensions Capnophile
aerobe
than normally present in the atmosphere
10. ______can survive under extreme Barophiles
24. Human body is a rich habitat for symbiotic Normal
pressure and will rupture if exposed to
bacteria, fungi, and a few protozoa which microbial flora
normal
is known as what?
atmospheric pressure
25. If a microbe is not capable of dealing with Oxygen free
11. Chemotroph get their energy from what? Chemical
toxic oxygen, it is forced to live
compounds
in______habitats
12. Commensal member benefits, other Commensalism
26. ______ingests substances or cells Phagocytosis
member neither harmed nor benefited.
This is known as what? 27. In laboratory studies, populations typically Growth curve
display a
13. Communicate and cooperate in the Quorum
predictable pattern over time and is
formation and function of biofilms is sensing
known as what?
known as what?
28. In Microbial Nutrition, Essential nutrients Organism
must be provided to an______
29. _______ is an organism that uses CO2, an Autotroph 43. Most microbes: a
inorganic gas as its carbon source and is a. exist under hypotonic or isotonic
not nutritionally dependent on other living conditions
things b. exist under cold or warm conditions
30. ______is a period of maximum growth will Exponential 44. _______must be provided as nutrient Growth factors
continue as long as cells have adequate growth phase Essential amino acids, vitamins
nutrients and a favorable environment
45. ________must obtain carbon in an organic Heterotrophs
31. ______ is the highest temperature Maximum form made by other living organisms such
that permits a microbes growth and temperature as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and
metabolism nucleic acids
32. ______is the lowest temperature Minimum 46. ______optimum temperature greater than Thermophiles
that permits a microbe's growth and temperature 45oC
metabolism
47. An organic compounds that cannot be Autotroph
33. ______ is the optimum temperature 20o- Mesophiles synthesized by an organism because they
40oC; most human lack the genetic and metabolic
pathogens mechanisms to synthesize them is known
as what?
34. _______is the optimum temperature below Psychrophiles
15oC; capable of growth at 0oC 48. Organic nutrients contain 1. Carbon
both_____and____atoms and are usually the 2. Hydrogen
35. _______is two organisms live together in a Symbiotic
products of living things
close
partnership 49. A period of adjustment, enlargement; Lag phase
little growth is known as what?
36. _____is when a parasite is dependent and Parasitism
benefits; host is harmed 50. Phototrophs gain energy from what? Photosynthesis
37. ________lack the enzymes to detoxify Obligate 51. Pinocytosis: b
oxygen so cannot survive in an oxygen anaerobe a. Rejects liquids
environment b. Ingests liquids
38. List the Stages in the normal growth curve: 1. Lag phase 52. A process by which chemical substances Nutrition
are acquired from the environment and
2. used in cellular activities is known as
Exponential what?
growth phase
53. _______promotes the fastest Optimum
rate of growth and metabolism temperature
3. Stationary
phase 54. The rate of cell growth equals rate of cell Stationary
death caused by depleted nutrients and phase
4. Death O2, excretion of organic acids and
phase pollutants. This is known as what phase?

39. Main determinants of nutritional type 1. Carbon 55. _______require a high concentration of salt Halophiles
are_____source and_____source source 56. _______requires energy and carrier Active
2. Energy proteins; gradient independent transport
source
57. ________requires only a small amount Microaerophilic
40. Majority of microorganisms grow at a pH 6, 8 of oxygen
between____and____
58. ______results when organisms attach to a Biofilm
41. ______members cooperate to produce a Synergism substrate by some form of extracellular
result matrix that binds them together in
that none of them could do alone complex organized
42. Methanogens, a kind of chemoautotroph, Anaerobic layers
produce 59. Stages in the normal growth curve: a
methane gas under_____conditions a.Lag phase, Exponential growth phase
b.Exponential growth phase, Lag phase
60. Time required for a complete fission cycle is called the_____, or____ 1.generation
2.doubling time
61. ______utilizes oxygen and can detoxify it Aerobe
62. ________utilizes oxygen but can Facultative anaerobe
also grow in its absence
63. What % of water does a cell have? 70%
64. When both members benefit this is called what? Mutualism