MEMBRANE TRANSPORT

Motion of substances in and out of the cell  Active Transport

Cell membranes are selectively permeable. – when cells uses ATP supply to move substances across
the membrane.

Two Types of Transport Mechanisms:

 Passive Transport
TYPES

 Active Transport
1. Solute Pumping

a. Passive transport – similar to facilitated diffusion that requires carriers that

reversibly with substances to be transported across
is movement of molecules through the membrane in which membrane.
no energy is required from the cell

2. Bulk Transport
b. Active transport
– some substances that cannot get through the plasma
requires energy expenditure by the cell membrane in any other way are transported with the help
of ATP into or out of cell.

 PASSIVE MOVEMENT
- requires no energy

TYPES

PASSIVE TRANSPORT
1. Diffusion
A process that does not require energy to move molecules
– process of scattering molecules from an area of greater from a HIGH to LOW concentration
to a lesser concentration.

a) Diffusion
A. Simple Diffusion – unassisted diffusion.
b) Facilitated Diffusion
1. Osmosis – movement of solvent materials.

2. Dialysis – movement of solute materials.

A. Diffusion
 the movement of small particles across a
B. Facilitated Diffusion – provides protein carriers as
selectively permeable membrane like the cell
transport vehicle.
membrane until equilibrium is reached.

 these particles move from an area of high

2. Filtration concentration to an area of low concentration.

– process by which water and solute are forced thru a  is movement of solute molecules from high
membrane by fluid or hydrostatic pressure concentration to low concentration
  is the movement of water from an area of
TYPES
high to low concentration of water
 movement of water toward an area of high
a. Simple Diffusion
solute concentration
 Substances pass directly through the cell
membrane
 in osmosis, only water is able to pass
through the membrane
 The cell membrane has limited
permeability to small polar molecules,  Osmosis moves water through aquaporins.
water, and ions

 The motion of water across the membrane

is known as osmosis Osmotic Concentration
is determined by the the concentration of all
solutes in solution
Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a
selectively permeable membrane like the cell
membrane Relative Osmotic Concentrations:

Water diffuses across a membrane from an area of

Hypertonic solutions:
high concentration to an area of low concentration.
have a higher relative solute concentration
Hypotonic solutions:
have a lower relative solute concentration
Isotonic Solutions:
have equal relative solute concentrations

B. Facilitated Diffusion
Semi-permeable membrane is permeable to water,  Substances must pass through transported
but not to sugar proteins to get through the cell membrane

 The cell membrane is selectively permeable

 is the movement of larger molecules like

glucose through the cell membrane – larger
molecules must be “helped”

 Proteins in the cell membrane form channels

for large molecules to pass through

Proteins that form channels (pores) are called

Osmosis
protein channels.
Selective permeability: integral membrane
proteins allow the cell to be selective about what
passes through the membrane.

 Channel proteins have a polar interior

allowing polar molecules to pass through.

 Carrier proteins bind to a specific molecule

to facilitate its passage.

Channel proteins include:

- ion channels allow the passage of ions

(charged atoms or molecules) which are associated
with water

- gated channels are opened or closed in

response to a stimulus

the stimulus may be chemical or electrical