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    API RP 500 Electrical Classifications 1997 PDF

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    2 10.44 Drilling Wells 10.5 Producing Oil and Gas Wells 106 Olan Gas Processing nl Sorage Baulpmen 10.7 Automatic Custody Transfer (ACT) Units. 10.8 Flammable Gas-Blankoted Equipment and Produced/Processed Water Handling Equipment. 10.9 Compressor or Pump Handling Flammable Liquids, Gases, or Vapors 10.10 Drip Pans. 10.11 Instruments 10.12 Sumps 10.13 Drains . 10.14 Reserved for Future Use 10.15 Screwed Connections Flanges, Valves, and Valve Operators 10.16 Control Panels Containing Instrumentation Utilizing or Measuring Flammable Liquids, Gases or Vapors RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DETERMINING DEGREE AND EXTENT OF CLASSIFIED LOCATIONS ON MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS @oDus) . n uN u u UL UL "1 U i i mm W un un n un 1 General 2 Definitions Specific to MODUS. ‘4 Classified Locations on Mobile Offshore Driling Units (MODUS) 5 Basis for Area Classitication : 6 Classification of Hazardous (Classified) Locations. 7. Drill Floor and Derrick Areas 8 Substructure or Moonpool Areas 9 Mud System Processing Equipment Overview 10 Mud Tanks (After Discharge of Final Dezasser) 11. Mud Ditches or Troughs. 12 Mad Pumps. . 19 Mug Processing Equipment (setween Ine Bell Nipple and Mud Lischarge of Final Degasser) 14 Desander ot Dexter (Between Mud Discharge of Final Degasser and the Mud Pip) 15 Vents 16 Diverter Line Outlet, 17. Rowuont Peeventer (ROP) 18 Well Test Equipment Areas 19 Rooms Used to Store Paint (Paint Lockers). 11.20 Battery Rooms 11.21 Reserved for Future Use 11.22 Helicopter Fuel Storage Areas .. 11.23 Classfi tion of Adjacent Spaces RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DETERMINING DEGREE AND EXTENT OF CLASSIFIED LOCATIONS AT DRILLING RIGS AND PRODUCTION FACILITIES UN FLUALING FKUDUC LION UNL, 121 General 12 2.2 Floating Production Storage and Offloading Units F505) 2.3 Tension Leg Masfouins (TLPS) 12.4 Spars, Caisson: and Similar Units 15 % 16 n n 1 7 n 1 1 n 1s 8 8 0 8 Recommended Practice for Classification of Locations for Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified as Class |, Division 1 and Division 2 Exploration and Production Department Manufacturing, Distribution and Marketing Department API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 500 SECOND EDITION, NOVEMBER 1997 American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice for Classification of Locations for Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified as Class |, Division 1 and Division 2 1 Scope 1.1 PURPOSE 4A The purpose ofthis recommended practice is to pro- vide guidelines for classifying locations Class 1, Division 1 sand Clase I, Divicion 2 at potroloum facilities for tho soloction| and installation of electrical equipment Basic definitions given inthe 1996 edition of NEPA 70, the National Electrical Code (NEC). have been followed in developing this recom- mended practice. This publication is only a guide and requires the application of sound engineering judgment. ‘lased Class, Zone 0, Zone I tnd Zone? a arene Recommended Practice fr Casson of Locations for Eta sali tins at Pavoleum Facies Cased as Clas , Zone 0, Zone I, and 1.1.2 Electrical installations in areas where flammable liquids, gases, oF vapors are produced, processed, stored or ‘oiterwise tine Gan be sulably Uesigned If we locas ‘of potential sources of release and accumulation are clearly defined. Once a location has been classified, requirements for clootrical equipment and asco ing should be determined from applicable publications. “Applicable publications may include NFPA 70 (NEC) or API RP I4F. Reference Section ? for publications for other possible applications 12 SCOPE 1.2.1. This document applies tothe classification of loca- tions for both temporarily and permanently installed el Irical equipment, It i intended to be appliod whore thors ‘may be a risk of ignition due to the presence of flammable ‘gas or vapor, mixed with air, under normal atmospheric conditions Normal atmaepherie canditione art defined ac conditions that vary above and below reference levels of 101.3 kPa (14.7 psia) and 20°C (68°F) provided that the variations have a negligible effect on the explosion proper- ties ofthe flammable materials. ‘The following items are beyond the scope ofthis document: 1. Piping systems used for odorized natural gas used as fuel for cooking, heating, air conditioning, laundry and similar appliances; catastrophes such as well blowouts or process vessel rup- tures. Such extreme conditions require emergency measures atthe time of occurrence: ©. the suitability of locations forthe placement of non-clec- trical equipment; and 4, classification of locations containing combustible dust, ‘gnitible fibers, or flyings. 1.22 Recommendations tor determining the degree and ‘extent of classified locations for specific examples of situa- tions commonly encountered in petroleum facilities are given ects Boule 14, While iis pert for aca classi> fications at refineries, production and drilling facilities, and pipeline facilities t0 agree to some extent, there are differ encee in production, dling, transportation and refining f ities, Some differences include the process conditions, types and quantities of products handled, the physical size of typi cal facilities. and varying housing and sheltering practices. 1.2.3 Section 8 includes applications that are common to several of the facility types described in Sections 9 nou 1, 1.2.4 Section 9 is applicable to locations in which flamma ble petroleum gases and vapors and volatile flammable liq- Lids are processed, stored, loaded, unloaded, or otherwise handled in petroleum refineries. 4.2.6 Section 10 ic applicable to lacatione and gas drilling and workover rigs and production facilities fon land and on marine fixed (bottom-fotinded, non-floating) platforms where flammable petroleum gas and volatile lia- lids are produced, processed (for example, compressed), stored, transfered (for example, pumped), or otherwise han- dled prior to entering the transportation facilities 1.26 Section 11 is applicable to locations on Mobile Off shore Drilling Units (MODUS). nding ot 1.2.7 Section 12 is applicable to locations surrounding oil and gas drilling and workover rigs and production facilities ‘on floating production units (FPUs) such as, but not limited to, ension leg platforms (TL), noating production systems (FPSs), floating production systems with off-loading (FPSOs), single anchor leg mooring buoys (SALMSs), caisson Mructures, spars, and other floating structures where Bamma ble petroleum gas and volatile liquids are produced, pro- cessed (For example, compressed), stored, tansferred (for eample, pumped) or others handled pring tn entrring the transportation facilites. 1.28 Section 13 is reserved for future use. 1.2.9 Scetion 14 is applicable to onshore and offshore facil- itis handling the delivery of flammable or combustible peto- eum Tiauids or flammable cases. Pipeline facilities may include pump and compressor stations, storage facilities, ‘manifold areas, valve sites and pipeline right-of-way areas, 2 References, 2.1. INDUSTRY CODES, GUIDES AND STANDARDS ‘Various organizations have developed numerous codes, ‘guides and standards that have substantial acceptance by ry an gruremmental hevtiee Clos, guides and stam. dards useful inthe classification of locations and inthe design ‘and installation of electrical systems are listed below, These references are not to be considered a part of this recom: ‘mended practice except for those specifically referenced. APL APIRP20 Recommended Praciive for Production Facilites on Offshore Structures APIRPIS3 Recommended Practice for Electric Sub mcrae Pap tastallations Recommended Practice for Analysis Design Installation and Testing of Basi Surface Safety Syetome om Offehore Pro duction Platforms Recommended Practice for Design and Inctalition of Flectrival Systems for OB: shore Production Platforms Recommended Practice for Fire Preven: tion and Control on Oven Tyve Offshore Production Plaforms Recommended Practice for Classification of Locations for Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified as Class 1, Zone 0, Zone 1, or Zone 2 Guide for Pressure-Relieving and Depres suring Systems Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations in Petroleum Processing Plants APIPub 4322. Fugitive Hydrocarbon Emissions from Petroleum Production Operations, Volume ‘ana voume API Pub 4589. Fugitive Hydrocarbon Emissions from Oil ‘and Gas Production Operations API Pub 4619. Emission Factors for Oil and Gas Produc: sion Operations APIPSD 2216 Ignition Risk of Hot Surfaces in the Open APIRP 14C APLRP 14 APLRP 14G API RP 505 APIRP 521 APERP 540, ABS! Rules for Buildine and Classine Mobile Offshore Drilling Units Rules for Building and Classing Steet Vessels “Arran Buena of Shipping, Two Werld Trade Center, 106th Foo, New “Yor New Yor 188 aan XPO277 Classification of Gas Utility Areas for Elecrrcal Installations ANS 2 ‘National Electrical Safety Code (NESC) ASHKAL* ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook ASTM D-323-82 Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure Of Petroleum Products (Reid Method) sae Hazardous Locations—Guide for the Design, Testing, Construction, and Insalla~ tion of Equipment in Explasive Atmospheres, ola A. Bossert 2. Canadian Electrical Code, Part | Ec! IEC 79-10 Electrical apparatus for explosive gas lutmospheres, Pare 10: Classifications of hazardous areas IEEE" Sud. 45 Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations on Shipboard Mo" 1989 MODU Code for the Construction and Equipment Code of Mobil Offshore Drilling Units pe is Model Code of Safe Practice in the Petro Ieunn Industry. Part 15: Area Classification Cade for Petroleum Installations Isat ISARP 12.1 Definitions and Information Pertaining 10 Electrical Instruments in Hazardous Locations ‘Ameran as Asin, 1515 Wasnt Aragon, Vs 2209 {ARETE Ree Sand ase oer 8 Secs ea Ne, New ee rk Spt PeEeTa®, SPST Huts ee ena ete Aspens Fase SE eu offs ad Masts 1 Ba Hator Dave, Wet Cimhecken nna ae Catan Stade Asocaton, 178 Rexdale Boulevard, Etobicoke (Tor- ceovcnan ew i HivTSH Glas Si Stand ‘inte of cnc ang Berns Eine, ne, 44 Hoes Lane, is ‘way Ney ony ta aT Sinemet Maine Orpmtion, 4 Alber Enbanocn, London, UK SHR Tee of Feteum, Lonon 61 New Coen St, Lndon Ystomer cy of nee. 67 leaner Dive, Recah Tange irae Seo . Ronn Cahn 2 was Inrnament Purging for Redurtion of Ho. ardous Area Classification ISARP126 Installation of Tinsicaly Safe Sytems Jor Havardous (Cased) Locations ISASI213 Part I, Performance Requirement, Com- bustle Gas Detectors ISA RP1219 Part Il Installation Operation and Maint hance of Combustible Gas Detection Insiraments, NOTE: Includes former Bureau of Mines Bulletin 627, Flarmabil ly Characteristics of Combustible Gases and Vapors (no longer in print) ISA $12.24.01 Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas Atmospheres Classifications of Hazardous (Classified) Locations SASSI. Process instrumentation Technology Electrical Sytems for Oil and Gas Pro detion Facilites, David N. Bishop Electrical Instruments in Hazardous Loca: tions, Emest © Magison NEPA? NEPAI0. Flammable and Coohunie Ligue Code NFPA 37, ‘Standard for Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines NFOAS1 Fuel Cas Code NEPA69 Explosion Prevention Sytem NFPA 70 National Electrical Code NIPA7OD —ecommendad Prats for Electrical Equipment Maintenance NFPATOE Electrical Safty Requirements for Bripliye Workplace NFPA9OA Standard forthe Installation of air Condi- tioning and Venting Systems NIPA01 Standard or Esha Syetoms for Air Com ving of Materials NFPA325-— Guide 1o Fire Hacard Properties of Fla sable Tipu ave and Vall Slide NEPA 496 Standard for Purged and Pressurized Enclosures for Electrical Equipment NFPAI07 Recomended Proce for Classification of Class 1 Hazardous (Classified) Loca- tions For Electrical Installations In Chemical Process Areas Htecrical Installations in Hacardous Locations, PI Schram and M. W. Earley uw UL Technical Report No. $8 “esa rosin nn 1 Day Fh, un, ie “Underwniere Laboratories In, 333 Pingtea Road, Norton, ini EI An Imectigation of Flammable Gave or Vapors with Respect to Explosionproof Electrical Equipment 11.1% Sinnsdand far Inteinscally Sof Appears and Associated Apparatus for Use in Class 1.11, and Ill Division 1 Hazardous (Classi: fied) Locations 2.2 GOVERNMENT CODES, RULES, AND REGULATIONS Federal regulatory agencies have established certain requirements for the design, installation, and operation of petroleum facilites. These requirements may influence the design, installation and operation of the electrical systems. In addition to federal regulations, certain state, municipal, and Jocal regulations may De applicable, 1ne documents identt- fied below may pertain to petroleum operations and should be referenced when applicable. por 30 Code of Federal Regulations Part 250, Oil and Gas and Swiphur Operation in the Ones Continental Shelf bors 49 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 190, 191, 192, 193, and 195 OSHA" 129 Conde of Federal Regubations Past 1910, Subpart 1. Pro’ cess Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals 29 Code of Federal Regulations Part 1910, Subpart K. Ehvuival Construction (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) 29 Code of Federal Regulations Part 1910, Subpart S, Elewtival (Occupatioual Safety and Heal Administer tion) usce" 33 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 140-147, Subchapter 1N, Outer Continental Shelf Activities 46 Code of Federal Repulations Parts \07-108. Shipping Subchapter I-A, Mobile Offshore Drilling Units 46 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 110-113, Shipping Suhchaptor 1. Flertical Fnginerring "90S, Deparment of the Ineriog, Minerals Management Service. The Cade {fede degaats ratine rom te US. Goreme ining ‘80'S Bepantcat of Transpenation. The Code of Federal Reglaions is avalible om tie US Covemmen: Moning Otice, Washagon, DC aon ‘Gecuptional Safty and Heakh Administstion, U. S, Department of Later The Cade of aderalRepugions sealable fom be US. Gover Ie of Defense. The Ce of Fed- US Goverment Frining ee, ‘Ged Sates Coast Guard 8 Dept fal gations i arable fom ‘Wasingon, De. 30402 8 Acronyms and Abbreviated Definitions 3.1 ACRONYMS This recommended practice includes acronyms within the text. These acronyms are defined a follows: ABS American Bureau of Shipping ACT Automatic Custody Transfer ANSI American National Standards Institute APL American Petroleum Institute ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials BOP Blow Out reventer CSA Canadian Standards Association DOT —_ Department of Transportation iM Factory Mutual Research Corporation FPS Floating Production System FPSO Floating Production Storage Ofloading HVL Highly Volatile Liquid IEEE Institute of Electrical and lectronies Engineers IMO —_ International Maritime Organization ISA Instrument Society of America LEL Lower Explosive Limit (LFL preferred) LEL Lower Flammable Limit MESG — Maximum Experimental Safe Gap MIC Minimum Ignition Current MODU Mobile Oflshore Drilling Unit MMS Minerals Management Service, U.S. Depart- ‘ment ofthe Interior NEC National Electrical Code NEPA National Pie Pioteation Assuniation NRIL Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory NPL Neutral Pressure Level SALM Single Anchor Leg Mooring (buoy) TH ‘Through Flow Line TLP Tension Leg Platform URI. Upper Replasive Limit (UFL. preferred) UFL Upper Flammable Limit UL Underwriters Laboratories, Inc USCG United States Coast Guard 3.2 DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this recommended oractice the follow ing abbreviated definitions apply’ 3.2.1. approved: Acceptable to the authority having juris diction 3.2.2 area: See “location.” 3.2.8 associated apparatus: Apparat used in ittins cally safe systems in which the circuits are not necessarily intrinsically safe themselves, but affect the energy in the trinsioally safe: circuits and are relied upon to maintain insc safety. Reference NEC Article 504-2 for additional details. 9.2.4. Reserved for future use. 9.2.5 Reserved for future use. 9.2.6 Reserved for future use. 9.2.7 Reserved for future use. 9.2.8 Reserved for future use. 3.2.9. building, purged: See enclosure, purged. 3.2.10 Classification 3.2.10.1 Class | location: A location in which flamma- Die gases ov vapors are, or ungy be, preset in the at i quai ties sufficient to produce explosive or ignitible mixtures 3.2102 Class |, Division 1 location: A location in ‘which ignitible concentrations of flammable gases or vapors ‘are expected to exist under normal operating conditions or in “which faulty operation of equipment or processes might simul- lancously release Hammable gases oF vapors and also cause failure of electrical equipment. Reference Section 62.1.1.aand NEC Anicle 500-S(a) fora more complete definition. 3.2.10.3 Class |, Division 2 location: A location in ‘which flammable gases or vapors may be present, but nor- ‘mally are confined within closed systems are prevented from accumulating by adequate ventilation; othe location is adj cent to a Division 1 ocation from which ignitible concenta- tions might occasionally be communicated, Reference Section 6.2.1.L.D and NEC Article 3UU-9(b) tor a more com- plete definition. Group A—Atmospheres containing acetylene. Refer to NEC Article 500- 3(aX(D. Group B—Atmospheres containing hydrogen and other saases. Refer to Section 5.5 and NEC Article 00-3 (a\2). Group C—Atmospherés containing ethyl ether, ethylene, hhydrogen sulfide and other gases or vapors, Reler to Section 555 and NEC Article 500-3(8)3), Group D—Atmospheres containing butane, gasoline, hex. ‘ane, methane, natural gas. propane and most other hydrocar bon gases and vapors encountered in oil and gas production, refining and pipeline operations. Refer to Section 5.5 and NEC Antcle 500-3(a}4). A404 hazardous (slaccified) location: A locetion ‘where fire or explosion hazards may exist due o flammable ga8es or vapors, flammable liquids, combustible dust, or ignitihle Ghers ar yings Mnlees specifically indicated osher- wise, locations containing combustible dust, ignitible fibers or flyings are outside the scope ofthis recommended practice, D105 unelaesified location (non-hazardous location): A location not classified as Division 1 or Division 2 - AT eserved for future use, 3.2.12 combustible liquid (Class I, INA, and IB Ligue): Any liquid that hae 4 closeup lah point ator above 37.8°C (100°F), as determined by the test pracedures and apparatus outlined in NFPA 30. Combustible liquids are subdivided as fotlows: 3.2.12.1 Class I liquids—liquids having flash points at or above 37.8°C (100°F) and below 60°C (140°F), 3.2.12.2 Class IIA liquids—liquids having flash points at or above 60°C (140°F) and below 93°C (20°F), 32.123 Cass its tiqus. ‘or above 93°C (200°F). Iuguids naving fash porns at 3.2.13 drilling areas: Those areas in which welle are being drilled, recompleted, or reworked for the purpose of | exploring for or producing oil or gas. Wells meeting any of the conditions of the above are referred t0 as “drilling wells.” ‘The term “drilling wells” does not include wells on which wireline work is being performed through a lubricator or wells into which, or from which, pumping equipment is being stalled or removed, 3.2.14 enclosed area (room, building, or space): A theee-dimensinnal spare anclaced hy mare than two-thinde (213) of the possible projected plane surface area and of sulficient size to allow the entry of personnel, For a typical building, this would reauire that more than two-thirds (2/3) ‘of the walls, ceiling, and/or floor be present. 3.2.15 enclosure, electrical: The case or housing of checttival apparatus provided w preven personnel fin ac dentally contacting energized parts and to protect the equip- ‘ment from physical damage. Certain enclosures also serve to provont electrical oquipment from being a aourse of ignition of flammable mixtures outside the enclosure 3.2.16 enclosure, explosionproof: An enclosure that is capable of withstanding an explosion of a specific gas or vapor within it and of preventing the subsequent ignition of a flammable gas or vapor that may surround it, and which oper- ‘mes at suen an external temperature that a surrounding Ham imable gas oF vapor will not be ignited. 32.17 enclosure. purged: An enclosure or huilding supplied with clean air or an inert gas at sufficient flow and Positive pressure to reduce the concentration of any flamma- ‘le gases or vapors initially present to an acceptably safe level and to maintain this safe level by positive pressure with or with out continuous flow. (Reference NFPA 496) 2.2.48 flammable: Capable of igniting casily, burning intensely or spreading fame rapidly. 3.2.19 flammable (explosive) limits: The lower and "upper percentages by volume of concentration of gas in a gas- air mixture that will form an igntible mixture. (Reference NFPA 325). 3.2.20 flammable, highly volatile liqui volatile liquid.” 9.2.21 flammable liquid (Class | Liquid). any tqutd that has a closed-cup flash point below 37.8°C (00°F determined by the test procedures and apparatus specified in NEPA 30. Flammable (Clacr 1) liquide ars eubdivided into Classes IA, IB, and IC. (Reference Section 5.2 and NFPA 30), 3.2.22 Tash point: Ine minimum temperature ofa liquid at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an igitible mix- ture with air, near the surface of the liquid or within the vessel ised, aa determine Uy Ue teat javwealne ail aypatasy 9p ified in NFPA 30. : See “highly 3.2.23 floor area: The maximum area of any horizontal plane intersecting an enclosed area 3.2.24 fugitive emissions: Continuous flammable gas land vapor erloaces that agm selatively small compared to releases due to equipment failures. These releases occur dur- ing normal operation of closed systems from components such as pump seals, valve packing and flanze gaskets. (Refer- ence Appendix B, API 4615, API 4589 anc NFPA 30) 32.25 gases, heavier-than-air: Gases with a specific irevity greater than 1.0, S50 Section 7.2.2, 3.2.26 gases, lighter-than-air: Gases with » specific ‘gravity less than 10, See Sections §.4 and 7.2.2 3.2.27 high temperature device: A device whose max- imum operating temperature exceeds 80 percent of the igni- tion temperature. expressed in degrees Celkins (°C). of the {gS oF vapor involved. 3.2.28 highly volatile liquid (HVL): A liquid whose ran presause eaveeds 276 hilupsuals (40 poia) at 97.8°C. (100°F), See Section 5.3. 3.2.29 ignitible (flammable) mixture: A. gas-air mix ture that is capable of being ignited by an open flame, electric arc or spark, or device operating at or above the ignition tem perature of the gas air mixture. See “flammable (explosive) tums, 3.2.30 ignition (autoignition) temperature: The min imum temperature required. at normal atmospheric pressure. to initiate or cause self-sustained combustion (independent of any extemally heated element). 2.2.94 Rocerved for fire uve 3.2.32 intrinsically safe system: An assembly of inter- connected intrinsically safe apparatus, associated apparatus, dnd imerconnecung cables In Which those pars oF une system that may be used in hazardous (classified) locations are inti sically safe circuits. An intrinsically safe system may include sally safe cir 3.2.33 intrinsically safe circuit: A circuit in which any spark or thermal effect is incapable of causing ignition of a ‘mixture of flammable or combusbble matenal in air under test conditions prescribed by UL 913. 3.2.34 intrinsically safe apparatus: Apparatus in ‘hich all the circuits are intrinsically safe. 3.2.95 location: Throughout this recommended practice, refercane is made w areas, spaccs and locations. These terms should be considered interchangeable terms designating a three-dimensional space. 36 maximum experimental safe gap (MESG): ‘The maximum gap of the joint between the two parts of the interior chamber of atest apparatus which, when the internal {gas mouure 1s Ignited and under specifed euniions, pre vents ignition of the external gas mixture by flame propaga- tion through a 25 mm (1 inch) long joint, for all concontratione of the tected gee or vapor in in 3.2.37. minimum ignition current (MIC): The mini ‘mum curtent that, in a specified spark test apparatus and lunder specified conditions, 1s capanie of igniting the most easily igntible mixture 3.2.38 petroleum refinery: A facility within which petroleum liquids oF vapors are continuously processed at ele- ‘vated temperatures and pressures to effect both chemical and physical changes. 3.2.39 pipeline transportation facility: A facility han- dling the delivery of flammable or combustible petroleum lig uids or flammable gases: may include pump and compressor stations, storage facilities, manifold areas, valve sites, and pipeline right-of-way areas. 9.2.40 production areas: Thuse aves whose Rammable petroleum gas and volatile liquids are produced, processed (eg., compressed), stored, transferred (e-.. pumped), or oth- serwivo handled price to ontring the tranepartation facilitias 3.2.41 protected fired vessel: Any fired vessel that is provided with equipment (such as flame arresters, tack tem [erature shutdowns, rorcea rant ourners witn safety controls, ‘and spark arresers) designed to eliminate the air intake and ‘exhaust as sources of ignition, 3.2.42 source of release: A point or location from ‘hich a flammable ga, vapor, or liquid may be released into the atmoehere such that an ignitihle gas atmosphere could be formed. 3.2.43 space: See “location”. 3.2.44 unelassitied location: See “classification”. 3.2.48 vapor pressure: Tho pressure, measured in pounds per square inch absolute (psia), exerted by a iquid, as etermined by ASTM D 323, Standard Method of Test for ‘Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method). 3.2.46 vaporstight barrier: A barrier that will not allow the passage of significant quantities of gas or vapor at atmo- soherie pressure. 3.2.47 ventilation, adequate: Ventilation (natural or artficia) that is sufficient to prevent the accumulation of sig- tiicant quantities of sapor-air oF gas-air mixtures in concen tuations above 25 percent of their lower flammable (explosive) limit, LFL (LEL). Reference also Section 63.2. 3.2.48. ventilation, Inadequate: Ventilation that is tess than adequate. See Section 63.3, 2.9.40 volatile flammable liquid: A stammable liquid ‘whose temperature is above its Hash point, or a Class TI com= bbustible liquid having a vapor pressure not exceeding 276 kPa (40 pia) at ¥7.8°C (100°) whose temperature is above its flash point 3.2.50 wireline work areas: Those areas in which wire- Tine work i being perforin i a well divi abst 4. Basic Conditions for a Fire or Explosion 4.4 ‘Three basic conditions must exist in order for a fire or explosion to occur as a result ofan electrical installation: 8. A nammable gas or vapor must be present In classifying & panicular locaton, the Tikelihood of the presence of a fam- rable gas or vapor is a significant factor in determining the division clasifcation. The dosision is based principally on ‘whether the flammable mixture may be present (1) under nor: ‘mal conditions, or (2) only under abnormal conditions Gelating equipment breakdown) 'b. The gas or vapor must be mixed with air or oxygen in the proportions and quantities required to produce a flammable or fgntihle mixture. This condition is important in determining the limit or extent ofthe classified location. The quantity of the substance that might be liberated, its physical characteristics, the operating pressure, and the natural tendency of gases and: ‘vapors to disperse in the atmosphere should be considered. «. The mixture must be ignited. When classifying locations, ‘the potential source of ignition is understood to be an electri cal installation operating at energy levels or at temperatures Sufficient to cause ignition. 5 Flammable and Combuotible Liquids, Gases and Vapors 5.1 GENERAL Substances handled by petroleum facilities include flam. ‘mable and combustible fiquids, flammable highly volatile iq- hide HVE), and flammable gaere and vapnre When classifying locations for electrical installations, the appropri- ate NEC Group(s) (A, B, C, or D) should be determined for all flammable liquids, zases, and vapors present. 5.2 FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS. 5.2.1 General Refer to NEPA 325 for properties of specific flammable liquids, flammable gases, and volatile solids. Flammable and combustible liquids vary in volatility and are defined in NFPA 30. Flammable (Class I) liquids, such as gasoline, are defined as any liquids having a closed cup flash point below 37.8°C (100%), as determined by the test procedures and apparatus described in NFPA 30, Combustible (Class Il and Class 11) liquids, such as kerosene and diesel fuel, are defined as lig uid having closed cup flit point at oF above 37.8°C (00°F), as determined by the test procedures and apparatus described in NFPA 30. Class Il Liquids are combustible liq: lide having Hlach points at or above 37.8°C (10°F) and below 60°C (140°F), Class II liquids are combustible liquids hhaving flash points ator above 60°C (140°F), Note: Chases as wed here 19 Metify famable and combustible fis Should not be cafised th the class in the tonal lei Code tht ‘ety Speci tye of Bammable explosive mosphere See Sato 5.2.2 Class | Liquids 5.2.2.1 Class Fliguids usually are handled at temperatures fbove the iquids’ fash point ain, consequently, nay proalace 1 flammable atmosphere, Where released in appreciable ‘quantities tothe atmosphere, they may produce large volumes ‘sf vapor This ie particularly tre forthe more volatile Glace 1 liquids. The less volatile Class I liquids release vapors more slowly at normal temperatures and are ignitble only near the surfaces of the liquids. At elevated temperatures. however. these heavier liquids give off large volumes of vapor that can spread. These vapors, even when evolved rapidly, have a nat- ural tendency to disperse into the atmosphere and, thus, rap- idly become diluted 10 concentrations below their lower flammable limit. This tendency is greatly accelerated by air ‘movement. 5.2.22 The density of an atmosphere saturated with vapors of flammable liquids at ordinary atmospheric temperatures nicually ie heavier than air Howover, whan thoes vapwore ane diluted with sufficient air to create a flammable mixture, the 7, IF; < Ty replse 7; with , and ‘Nove 2: Thee sea (A) determined in Equation | assumes tha the fe aa the net sequal tbe fee area he ult Ihe aes ae nepal, se the omar ofthe two aes and refer o Fare 7, Chaper 220 the 1985 [RSHRAE Handbook of Fundamental, tcprodeed below as Figure 1. The tuca of the openings (A) a8 determined from Eqasion Ican be edad by the sme personage asthe “nctese in pecet” oan frm Figure | 0 1 TL 0 3 & = 20 i 5 10 a | foe os og eh Figure 1—Increase in Flow Caused by Excess of One ‘Opening Over Another (Gee Sexti9n 0.9.2.4.0) TAA TO = height frm the center ofthe louver opening tothe ‘Neutral Pressure Level (NPL). in feet. The NPL is the point on the vertical surface ofa building where the interior and exterior pressures are equal HF = vertical distance (cemter-to-center) between A, and in feet free area of lower opening. in square feet = free area of upper opening. in square feet Note: Equation 2 applies when 7,7, IPT, «The rai T,/T, seat be imened A sample calculation for determining the minimum num- ber of louvers required for adequate ventilation in a building (using Equations 1 and 2) is given in Appendix A. 6.3.2.4.7 Buildings or other enclosed or partially enclosed areas are considered adequately ventilated because of their ‘construction characterictice if they comply with both 6.3.2.4.1 and one of the following: 4. A building or area having a roof or ceing with walls com: prising 90 percent or less vertical walt area tnan tne total wall ‘area possible is considered to be adequately ventilated (regardless of the type of floor). 1b. A builing Ur ea is Gonsideied « Le aleyuately vente lated provided it has neither a floor (for example, the floor is grating) nora roof or ceiling. © A building or area ic considered to be adequately venti Jated provided itis without a roof or ceiling, and provided that there are no walls for a minimum of 25% ofits perimeter 6.0.2. rod ac adequately ‘ventilated ifthe ventilation rate provided is atleast four times the ventilation rate required to dilute the anticipated fugitive femiccione tn helow 26 percent LFI_ determined hy detailed calculations as per Appendix B. If the ventilation rate pro- Vided is less than three air changes per hour, it is recom- ‘mended that continuous monitoring with fixed gas detectors be provided to assure that Iess than 25 percent LFL is main- tained, This ventilation rate can be accomplished by either natural or mechanical means. Bholosed areas oan be conci Recirculation of inside air is permitted if: 1. The recirculated air is monitored continuously with a gas detection system meeung the requirements of Seculon 6.3.24 through h, and, 'b, The gas detection system is designed to automatically stop scinculation, provide an alarm (oudible o visual oF both, a ‘most appropriate forthe area). and provide exhaust (at a min- imum rate as described in Section 63.2.4.2) t the outside if {gee or vapar.air mistires in concentratinn aver 20 percent of their lower flammable limit (LFL) are detected. ‘Noe Sufcen don sir st be ded tthe pace in question to esare thatthe concenmation of aah ato ane i mainte below 25 oer ‘envo th lower ammabe mt (FL fol ut Sonal sono. 6.3.3 Inadequately Ventilated Areas 6.3.3.1 Inadequately ventilate areas are defined as rooms. buildings. or spaces that do not have a natural or a mechanical ventilation system providing for adequate ventilation as denned in dection 9.3.2 6.3.3.2 11 is possible to have portions of enclosed areas (e.. buildings) adequately ventilated while other portions are inadequately ventilated. For example, the lower portion of ‘compressor building (shed) without walls (from the floor) ‘might be adequately ventilated. while the upper portion of the shed (panicularly sf without ndge vents or the like) might be inadequately ventilated 04 ADJACENT AREAS 6.4.1 A nonenclosed adequately ventilated area that is adjacent to 8 classified area, and that is not separated from the classified area by a vaponight barrier. should be clasified to the extent designated by Sections 8 through 14, as applicable Reference Figure 2 6.4.2 An enclosed area that is adjacent to a classified area, and that is separated from the classified area by a vaportight barrier, is unclassified. considering only the extemal source Reference Figure 3 6.4.3 An enclosed area that is adjacent 10a classified area and that ic net separated from the classified area hy a vapor: tight barrier, should be classified the same as the highest clas- sification included, Reference Figures 4 and 5 Source / ‘Area classified dve te source outside Adequately ventilated nonenclsed aes // Figure 2—Adequately Ventilated Nonenclosed Area Adjacent to a Ciassiied Area (Gee Section 6.4.1) to soures outside vision 1 Figure 3—Enclosed Area Adjacent to a Classified Area (Soe Section 6.4.2) Source /— Area classified due to souree ouside Division 4 Ohision 2 Figure 4—Enclosed Area Adjacent to a Classified Area (See Section 6.4.3) Source ‘a source outside ‘enclosed area, “ 9 EE EER oven: Figure 5—Enclosed Area Adjacent to a Classified Area (See Section 6.4.3) Division 2 ona be pessible wy reduce the Ulassifcation of an enclosed area adjacent toa classified area if the enclosed area is purged in accordance with NFPA 496. 65 USE OF COMBUSTIBLE GAS DETECTION EQUIPMENT 6.5.1 Provided the conditions of 6.5.2 are me, the installa- tion of combustible gas detection equipment can be a basis for the following ‘a, An inadequately ventilated area containing equipment that could release flammable gas or vapor can be designated as Division 2 Not: M a ae contains equipment ht may reaefarurabl pss o¢ “opors wihin the res during normal operas, detectors tafe Sienoreqipacstssadaws cook eee) woes b. The interior of a building (or similar area) that does not contain a source of flammable eas or vapor can he considered unclassified, even though a door or similar pierced portion or all ofthe outside of the building is located in a Division 2 ‘area, provided the building is of a type construction that is essentially vaportight; that is, the building will not allow the centr of significant quantities of outside atmospheric pressure 4a of vapor. Buildings made of fiberglass (molded fiberglass ‘oF hberglass sprayed over Wood) OF Seal Welded steel plate ‘normally are used to meet this criteria, but other construction ‘methods may be equally satisfactory. Penetrations should be tniuilzed—worunaly Tied w @ peraunnel city Boras clectrical cable entries, airconditioning unit(s), and the like. ‘The buildings should contain no windows that can be opened, and the pereonnel entry door() should be provided with ad quate gaskets of weather stripping. Openings for ir conditioning units and windows should be adequately cantked or otherwise made vaportight. Air conditioning equipment must not introduce outside air into the building Entries for cables and other services should be made in a vaportight manner, 6.5.2 The criteria for use of combustible gas detection ‘equipment to meet the objectives of 6.5.1 follow: a. The gas detectors are of a stationary type, permanently ‘mounted; portable gas detectors will not satisfy. this requirement, ', The gas detection equipment is of a type approved or listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory (NRTL). It is recommended that equipment meet ANSVISA $12.13, Part, Performance Requirements, Combustible Gas Detectors; c. An adequate number of sensors is installed to ensure the sensing of flammable gas or vapor in the building (or similar atea) in all arcas where such gas might accumulate; ‘Nose: Far ofsbore production and driling operation, refer to APLIRP 1. 1. Sensing @ gos concentration of 20 percent LL (or tose) should activate a local alarm (audible or visual, or both, as most appropriate forthe location), Note: may be desmble to ntte remedial action a his evel to acid reaching the 40 percent LFL level, which quires power dsconection as ‘eailed in 6520 €. sensing a gas concentration of 4 percent LFL (maximum) ‘ora gas detector system malfunction should both activate an ‘alarm (audible or visual, or both, as most appropriate forthe ‘ive) ait initiate autoutati discounection of power from all ‘electrical devices in the area that are not suitable for Division 2, The power disconnecting device(s) should be suitable for ‘Claes 1, Divicion 1 if loeated inside the building (or si area); if the disconnecting device(s) is located outside the building (or similar area), it should be suitable for the area in whieh its located. Redundant or duplicate components (such as sensors) may be installed to avoid disconnecting electrical power when single component malfunctions are indicated, When automatic shutdown could introduce additional or increased hazard, this technique of area classification reduc- tion should not be used; {ction, cnet ction Yo reduce Tega onsen shouldbe aad setae F The gas detectors should he calibrated at a frequency in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, but at least once every three months. Calibration should be per- formed by actual exposure of the sensor to a known mixture (nominal 50 percent LFL recommended) of diluent and meth- ane or other gas anticipated, in accordance with the ‘manufacturer's recommendations; sg. Usersprovided systems bypassing the disconnecting or other “corrective action” devices (but not audible or visual alarm devices) to allow calibration and maintenance are per- mitted, provided the bypass system 1s utilized only dunng calibration or maintenance operations, and only while the area is manned by personnel who are qualified to take correc lave action should ere be a malfunction in prowess, sworage, transfer, or similar equipment that potentially might release flamwmable gas or vapor into the area. Any systems in the bypass mode must be made continuously ebviows (audibly or visually) to facility personnel; and hh. the building (or similar area) contains no electrically Iated pers oF componcets (not enclosed in explosionproof enclosures) that may operate at a temperature equal to or above 80 percent of the ignition temperature (expressed in degrees C) of the gator vapor involved unface the component thas been verified by a nationally recognized testing labora tory ONRTL) to operate below the ignition temperature of the te Eletaly heated pars and components could ain ato above the inition temperate for some reste de enero 0.9.9 1 ts recommenda tnat gas detectors be installed, operated, and maintained in accordance with ANSVISA RP 12.13, Part TI, Installation Operation and Maintenance of Combustible Gas Detection Instruments 7 Extent of a Classified Location 7 GENERAL TAA Locations are classified solely for the selection, design. and installation of electrical equipment [Note Although ect aea lasication drawings may be ful to assist in decemiing desinsted welding aes smoking ets, andthe he they do ‘otconan al the infornaton this pecessary fr making decisions fo ‘ang sch locons shoal no be pce ha ae fo have nOn- ‘lec sources of ignition unl oetios 7.1.2. The volume, temperature, and volatility of liquid or gas that could be relessed, the nature of we leak source, and the rate at which it could be released, are of extreme impor- tance in determining the extent ofa classified location, Sound engineering judgment is required to properly determine the extent of clasified locations. 7.4.3 In most petroleum facilities, there are sources of igni- tuom in addition to nose associated with electncal equipment (or example, piping systems and engine manifolds operated at elevated temperatures and unprotected fired vessels). The nea uly by die Hoe tion of potential sources of release of flammable liquids, ‘gases, and vapors, and not by the location of sources of igni- ‘entet of classified Kwvativnn fs dete tion —alectrical or nonaleet 7.2, OUTDOOR LOCATIONS In the absence of walls ur utes battieis, aud i Ue absence of air currents or similar disturbing forces, it must be assumed that a gas or vapor will disperse uniformly in all directions, ae governed hy the gat or vapor density and waloc- ity (hat is, heavier-than-air vapors principally downward and outward: lighter-than-air gases principally upward and out- ward), 7-22 For heavier-than-air vapors released at or near grade level, the locations where potentially ignitible concentrations aro moct likely tobe found ar helow grade; those at grade are next most likely; and as the height above grade increases, the potential decreases. In open locations away from the immedi- ate point of release. freely drifting heaviershan.aie vapore from a source near grade seldom are above the lower flamma- ble limits at elevations more than a few feet above grade. For lighter-than-air gases the opposite is true; there is little poten tial of an igntible mixture below grade, and greater potential above grade. Sosa decane why a hence naira operating conditions Matures often contin both ligherthansi and heaviershan-aicomponens 7.2.3 tevatea or Delow grade sources ot gas oF vapor release, of release of gas oF vapor under pressure, may sub- stantially alter the outline ofthe limits of the classified toca- tion. Also, low velovity amovcumvat (eg mnvvenett vaused Uy ‘a mild breeze) may extend these limits in the direction of air ‘movement, However, higher velocity air movement (e.g., a stronger breeze) con 10 sccelernte the diepersion of gates or vapors that the extent of the classified location would be sreaily reduced. The nature ofthe release (that is, whether it isa high pressure sprav-tvoe mist ora low velocity stream ot tip) also has a significant impact on the extent ofthe classi- fied location. Thus, dimensional limits recommended for Division 1 or Division 2 locations are based on experience, as, well as theoretical diffusion of gases or vapors of the types prevalent in petroleum operations. There are several tech: niques available (o aid in the analysis of gas and vapor disper: son, incluaing specinc plant experence and computer simulation programs. These techniques may be used with ‘good engineering judgment to modify standard area classfi- cation boundaries for specific applications. Refercice Apyeir dix D for one such technique. 7.24 Air currents, quantity of release, nature of release, and volatility combine to affect the extent of a classified loca tion. Vapors are rapidly dispersed in a well ventilated loes tion. For this reason, outdoor locations and locations having ‘ena equivalent w nortan outdoor conaitons often can be classified as Division 2 or unclassified. However, where ventilation is inadequate, vapor-air and gas-air mixtures are justify a larger classified area. ly to reach flammable limite, and the situation may 7.3 ENCLOSED LOCATIONS. Some enclosed locations (eg., buildings) used for petro: Teum operations have mechanical ventilation provided, Also, ‘conetniction desiga may permit a substantial degros of nats ral ventilation that, when coupled with such factors as volu- metric content of the enclosed location, floor area, lineal «dimensions of walls. and ceiling height could justify consid- ering that enclosed location as adequately ventilated. If ade- {quate ventilation is provided, mechanically or naturally, many enclosed locations may be classified Division 2 instead of Division 1. A careful evaluation of prior experience with the ‘same or similar types of installations, including the temporary use of tarpaulins or similar devices as windbreaks, should always be a part ofthe lassitication enter, 8 Recommendations for Determining Degree anid Extent of Classified Locations—Common Applications 8.1 GENERAL 8.1.1 This section presents guidelines for classifying loca- tions for electrical installations common in many petroleum fies ‘The examples have heen developed hy experience in industry and are applicable to most petroleum facilites. Sections 9 through 14 provide guidance for classifying loca- tions within specific refining, production, and transportation facilities foci 8.1.2. Specific examples listed consider only the item i ‘cucoed and do not take into aevount the pootible inflven ‘adjacent arcas classified due to other equipment. Applic of these examples to similar, though not identical, situations should he male with sound engineering judgment. employing information presented in this recommended practice and other publications of 8.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AREAS SURROUNDING SPECIFIC EQUIPMENT 821 Storage Tanks 82.1.1 Fixed Roof Flammable Liquid Storage Tanks 82.1.1.1 Areas in and around flammable Tiquid storage tanks in nonenclosed adequately ventilated areas are classi- fied as shown in Figure 6, Reference 5.2 for a discussion of "Flammable Liquids, 8.2.1.1.2 Areas in and around fixed roof flammable liquid storage tanks in adequately ventilated enclosed areas are classified as shown in Figure 6, but with the remainder of the enclosed area designated as Division 2, provided all vents are extended to the outside of the enclosed area and there are no hatches or similar devices inside the enclosed 2AA.A Areas in and around fixed ronf flammable Fit storage tanks in inadequately ventilated enclosed areas are > — — \ ae: me SS Below arade location jonas sump ortench — pwisient = KY itso Material Liquefied gas Compressed gas mie mu som smqio) oision 1 Division 2 Note: The interior ofthe vent piping ' Division 1. Cross hatching has been omted for drawing rity. Figure 14—Process Equipment Vent in a Nonenclosed ‘Adequately Ventilated Area (See Section 8.2.3.1) 42.3.1.2 Enclosed areas containing process equipment vents are classified Division Ito the extent of the enclosed ara, 8.2.32 Instrument and Control Device Vents 8.2.32 Adeauately ventilated nonenclosed areas contain- ing vents from instruments and control devices utilizing fam ‘able gas for contol are classified as shown in Figure 1S. 9.2.2.2.2 Enclosed arcas containing vents fiom insti ‘ments and control devices utilizing flammable gas for control are classified Division 1 to the extent of the enclosed area 8.2.3.3 Atmospheric Vents 8.2.3.3.1 Atmospheric vents (e.g. building ridge vents, building root venus, and armospherie tank Vents) are cassitied as shown in Figure 16 when they vent from a Division | area. 8.2.3.3.2 Atmospheric vents (.., building ridge vents and ‘building roof vents are classified as shown in Figure 17 when they vent from a Division 2 area, 8.2.34 Relief Valves and Rupture Disks 8.2.3.41 The criteria affecting the extent ofthe clasifica- tion of the areas around relief valve vente in nanencinced adequately ventilated areas are too diverse to specify dis- tances. Individual engineering judgment is required for spe- ane Dhision 1 Owision2 Note ‘The interior of the vent piping ie Division 4 (Cross nating has been omites for drawing can, Figure 15—Instrument or Control Device Vent in a Nonenclosed Adequately Ventilated Area (aa Section 82.2.2) N OR seebeteectcectecm a eisaerectnetaeornertoernetn SRR RR COCR Note: ‘The interior ofthe rot vents Division 1. Cross natching has been omited for crawing clay Figure 16—Atmospheric Vent From a Division 1 Area (See Section 8.2.3.3.1) Wr 15m45) SS “The interior ofthe rot vents Division 2. ‘Gross hatching has been omited fr drawing arty, Figure 17—Atmospheric Vent From a Division 2 Area (See Section 8.2,3,3.2) ciffc eases, but in no ease should the classification be less than that shown by Figure 18. 8294.2 Enclosed areas comualning relief valve vem ae classified Division 1 to the extent ofthe enclosed area, 82.3.4.3 Rupture disks should be considered the same as relief valves. 82.4 Marine Terminal Handling Flammable Liquias 8.2.4.1 Marine terminals handling flammable liquids are classified as shown in Figure 19 82.4.2 ‘The source of gas is primarily from tanker (or barge) cargo tank vents and ullage (gauging and sampling) ‘penings during loading and unloading, These eitoria do not apply if lammable gases or vapors are not vented (for exam: ple, when unloading without cargo tank ballasting). The fxtont ofthe claesfind area fc hosed an the longest tanker that the berth can accommodate, When water level changes may result in gases or vapors from cargo tank vents or ullage ‘openings collecting underneath the berth deck, consideration should be given to classifying this space as Division | 82.5 Hydrocarbon-fueled Prime Movers 8.2.5.1 Adequatcly ventilated enclosed areas containing ‘gas-fueled or diesel-fucled engines/turbines not exceeding [S600 Lilowntte (7500 horeapawn) por nit need note classi fied solely by reason of the engine/turbine fuel as per NFPA 37, amo) Division 1 wsion2 Note: the rele vale & Owsion 2 Cross hatching has been omited for drawing tay. Figure 18—Relief Valve in a Nonenclosed Adequately Ventilated Area (G00 Soctinn 89.941) 82.5.2 Adequately ventilated enclosed areas containing gas-fueled or diescl-fueled engines/urbines 5600 kilowats (7500 horsepower) oF more per unit should be individually reviewed by personnel well acquainted with area clasifica- tion criteria 8.2.5.3 The Scope of NFPA 37 is limited to engines not ‘sreseding $600 IAW (7500 hp). For engines exceeding S400 [kW (7500 hp), NFPA 37 references NFPA 850, Recommended Practice for Fire Protection for Fossil Fueled Steam Electric ating Plants, NEPA 850 provides recommensations (not requirements) for fre prevention and fire protection for gas, il, oF coal-fired electric generating plants, including combustion turing nite ereater than S600 KW (7500 hp) that are used for clecirie generation, NEPA. 850 does not address the specific issue of area classification due to liquid or gaseous fuel, but the some asic issues are involved whether a prime mover is _greater than 5600 KWW (7500 hp) or les than 3600 KW (7500 ‘hp). Therefore, unless special circumstances exist, buildings containing engines exceeding S600 kW (7500 ip) should be considered similar to buildings containing engines 5600 kW (7500 hp) oF less. It would be prudent to review the safety ree 7 “or 4 es eens |

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