Millimeter Wave MicroStrip Patch Antenna for 5G Mobile

Communication.

D. Imran, M. M. Farooqi, M. I. Khattak Z. Ullah, M. I. Khan, M. A. Khattak and H. Dar

Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Engineering and Technology,Peshawar University of Enginnering and Technology,Peshawar
Peshawar, Pakistan Peshawar,Pakistan
Daaniyal.imran@uet.pesh.edu Muzammel.farooqi@uet.pesh.edu

Abstract – This paper presents a micro strip patch antenna for Rogers substrate have characteristics of low water absorption,
future 5G-communication technology at centered frequency lowest electric loss and low moisture absorption [10, 11].
38GHz and 54GHz having bandwidth 1.94GHz and 2GHz In this paper we have a substrate having bottom side as
respectively with low cost substrate and small size patch best ground and the other side as the radiator patch. The material for
suited for miniaturized devices. It consists of Rogers RT5880
the both sides should be metal. M-line feeding is used because
(lossy) substrate with dielectric constant 2.2 with loss tangent of
0.0013 and standard thickness 0.508mm, PEC patch and PEC as we need 12dB gain which can be achieved through arrays for
ground. Substrate of dimensions 6mm×6.25mm and patch with mobile communication. As in this paper the centered frequency
dimensions 2mm×2mm is used. Microstrip-line feeding technique is 38GHz which lies in Ka-band (27-40GHz) [11].
is used. Array having 4 elements with 4mm spacing has been Microstrip patch antennas has attractive widespread
proposed to achieve 12 dB gain for mobile data Applications on features due to its low profile, light weight, small size, low cost,
millimeter wave frequencies at 38.6GHz, 47.7GHz and 54.3GHz and very simple to design, suited to planer and non-planer
having bandwidth 3.5GHz, 2.5GHz and 1.3GHz respectively with surfaces[5]. The gain and efficiency can be increased by using
Tapered line feeding. Overall size of antenna is antenna arrays [12], and proposed antenna has array structure.
6mm×6.25mm×0.578mm. The proposed Antenna design is
In reference paper [3], they used PIFA antenna for
simulated on CST Microwave Studio.
frequency 28GHz and 38GHz and has a higher bandwidth. In
Index Terms – 5G, Millimeter wave, Micro strip line, reference paper [5], work is done on 28GHz and 38GHz by
Array ,Tapered line feeding and CST . using transformer coupling.their gain is 9.05dB and efficiency
is 83.03%.
I. INTRODUCTION In paper [13] work has been done on 60GHz frequency
With the fast development in the wireless systems and radio using H-slot and E-slot. The Gain is 5.48dB and Return loss is
telecommunication systems, the demands of such antenna -40.99dB. In paper [14] work has been done on the 5G
design that has improved characteristics such as antenna size, millimeter antennas for cellular handsets using phased array
bandwidth, gain, power loss, traffic demand, and high data rate. and radio architecture.
These requirement leads to numerous designs to achieve The proposed antenna works on 38GHz and 54GHz having
tradeoffs between design, high gain low loss, antenna size , high high bandwidth, high radiation efficiency, and gain. The array
bandwidth, 70% plus radiation efficiency, low cost and high of 4 elements has center frequencies of 38.6GHz, 47.7GHz, and
data rate [1-9]. Since the upcoming Fifth Generation (5G) will 54.8GHz with the gain of -12dB.
be five times than the present Fourth Generation (4G).It will
have high data rate, large bandwidth and high capacity. Some comparisons between proposed Antenna and the related
Millimeter wave radio frequency can provide the basic Work is given in the following TABLE 1
TABLE 1
ground for the new Generation (5G).Millimeter wave have COMPARISON WITH RELATED WORK
unexploited spectrum (3GHz-300GHz) to fulfill the new
generation needs. The spectrum of 5G application is 20-90GHz Resonance Retur Gain Band-
[2]. 5G antennas are designed at frequencies 28Ghz, 38GHz, Reference Patch Size Frequency n Loss (dB) width
72GHz having bandwidths of 500 MHz, 1 GHz, and 2 GHz as Papers (mm) (GHz) (dB) (GHz)
they are all suitable for high data rate and low latency system [3] 1.3×1.2 28,38 -43,-18 3.75, 3.34,1.39
5.06
[3].They are highly directional and obstacle sensitive due to
[15] 1.3×1.83 28,38 -45,-20 5.8, 0.7,0.38
narrow beam width they can be used for cellular applications 5.5
[4]. 38, 54 -15.5, 6.9, 1.94, 2.05
THIS 1×1
Many Substrates are available but as all substrates' WORK -12 7.4
dielectric constants are below 10GHz [1], except Rogers
substrate, therefore Rogers substrate is best for millimeter
wave. It is most suitable for UHF (ultra high frequencies) II. ANTENNA DESISGN AND THEORY
because of low dielectric loss and low dispersion [10, 11].
(A). 5G ANTENNA DESIGN
As shown in the Fig.1, micro strip patch antenna with
substrate dimension of Ls×Ws with Rogers 5880 material
having dielectric constant of 2.2, loss Tangent of 0.0013. Height
of substrate is of Rogers' standard size i.e. 0.508mm.
Dimensions used for substrate is 6mm×6.25mm. The
dimensions used for ground is same as the substrate
6mm×6.25mm. M-line feed is used to design proposed micro
strip patch antenna. The width of the feed is Wf (0.2mm) and
length Lf (2.15mm).
The selected dimensions (Lp×Wp) for the radiating patch
are (2mm×2mm).
Dimensions of the proposed antenna are calculated using
Fig.2 Perspective View
the well known microstrip patch antenna formulas as stated
below.
x Width of Patch.

W= (1)
x Length of Patch
L= -2∆ (2)
Where Leff can be determined by formula as stated
below.
L = (3)
εr: Dielectric constant of the Rogers substrate (2.2).
= + × (1 + ( ))
Fig.3 Back View (Ground)
(4) TABLE 2
x ΔL (Extension length) PARAMETER VALUES OF PROPOSED 5G ANTENNA
Parameters Description Value (mm)
. ( . ) Ls Length of 6
∆ =0.412×h× (5) Substrate
. ( . )
Ws Width of Substrate 6.25
H Height of Substrate 0.508
Lp Length of Patch 2
Wp Width of Patch 2
Mt Height of Patch 0.035
Wf Width of Feed line 0.2
Lf Length of Feed line 2.15
Ls Wg Width of Ground 6.25
Lg Length of Ground 6

(B). 5G DESIGN OF ARRAY

L Array of 1×4 element is proposed in this research paper to
achieve high gain of 12dB for mobile applications. Each
element of the array has a distance "d" of (4mm) between
adjacent elements. Tapered line feeding technique is used for
feeding the Array. Fig.4 shows the structure of 4-element
Array.
Fig.1 Geometry of proposed micro strip
feed antenna
 TABLE 4
RETURN LOSS OF PROPOSED MODEL

Antenna 5G Antenna 5G Antenna Array

Resonant
Fig.4 Antenna array of 1×4 elements. frequency 38 54 38 47.7 54
(GHz)
TABLE 3 Return
PARAMETER VALUES OF PROPOSED ANTENNA (ARRAY) loss S1,1 -15.5 -12 -13.5 -22.5 -18
(dB)
Parameter Description Value(mm)
(B). VSWR:
D Distance between 4 VSWR gives the detail about the power reflection of an
two elements Antenna. VSWR should be a real and positive number. Smaller
wf1 Width of 100Ω 0.5 the value of VSWR, better the performance of the Antenna. It
impedance line explains the impedance matching to the transmission line. This
wf2 Width of 50 Ω 1 antenna has a VSWR of 1.3dB and 1.64dB for 38GHz and
impedance line 54GHz respectively which can be seen in Fig 6(a)(5G
ANTENNA) and has a VSWR of 1.55dB, 1.16dB and 1.2dB
II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION for 38.6GHz,47.7GHz and 54GHz respectively which can be
seen in Fig 6(b)(5G Antenna Array).
(A). Return Loss Plot:
S-Parameter shows the input to output relation between
Ports. The S(1,1) is called the return loss. When the S(1,1) is
0dB then all the power is reflected. If S(1,1) is -10dB then 3dB
of the total power is transferred to the antenna with the loss of
-7dB as reflected power, therefore the S(1,1) should be less then
-10dB for antenna to perform effectively. This antenna has a
Return loss of -15.5dB and -12dB for 38GHz and 54GHz
respectively in Fig 5(a)(5G ANTENNA) and has a Return loss
of -13.6dB, -22.5dB, and -18dB for 38.6GHz, 47.7GHz and
54GHz respectively in Fig 5(b)(5G Antenna Array).
(a)

(a)
(b)
Fig. 6 VSWR (a) 5G ANTENNA (b) 5G Antenna
Array
TABLE 5
VSWR OF THE PROPOSED MODEL

Antenna 5G ANTENNA 5G Antenna Array

Resonant
frequency 38 54 38.6 47.7 54
(GHz)
(b)
Fig 5. Return loss (a) 5G ANTENNA (b) 5G Antenna Array VSWR 1.3 1.64 1.55 1.16 1.2
The characteristic parameters of proposed antenna in terms of B) 5G ANTENNA ARRAY:
operating frequencies, return loss, gain, directivity, bandwidth
and efficiency is tabulated in the following Table 6.
TABLE 6
CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS OF PROPOSED MODEL
Resona Retu Ga-in Direct Bandwi- Efficie
Anten-na -nce -rn (dB) ivi-ty dth -ncy
Freque Loss (dBi) (GH) (%)
n-cy (dB)
(GHz)

5G 38 -15.5 6.9 7.2 1.94 93.5

Antenna
54 -12 7.4 8.2 2 82.7

38.6 -13.6 12.2 12.2 3.5 99.5

5G
Antenna 47.7 -22.5 11.6 11.6 2.5 99.3
Array Fig 7(c). Gain of 38.8GHz frequency
54 -18 12.1 12.4 1.3 93

Gain Plots:

A).5G ANTENNA:
The Gain plots of Microstrip patch antenna are
shown in Fig 7(a) and Fig 7(b)

Fig 7(d). Gain of 47.7GHz frequency

Fig 7(a).Gain of 38GHz frequency

Fig 7(e). Gain of 54GHz frequency

Surface Current Distribution:

A). 5G ANTENNA:
Surface current distribution for 5G Antenna
microstrip patch antenna is shown in Fig 8(a) and Fig (b).

Fig 7(b). Gain of 54GHz frequency

 Fig 8(e). Current distribution for 54GHz frequency

Fig 8(a). Current distribution for 38GHz frequency

3D PLOTS:
A) 5G ANTENNA:

Fig 8(b). Current distribution for 54GHz frequency

Fig. 9(a) 3D pattern at 38GHz

B) 5G ANTENNA ARRAY:

Fig 8(c). Current distribution for 38.6GHz frequency

Fig9(b). 3D pattern at 54GHz

B) 5G ANTENNA ARRAY

Fig 8(d). Current distribution for 47.7Ghz frequency

Fig. 9(c) 3D pattern at 38.6GHz


Fig.9 (d) 3D pattern at 47.7GHz
Fig. 9(e). 3D pattern at 54GHz
CONCLUSION
In this research, a simple microstrip patch antenna and array of
4 elements is used for 5G wireless communication. The simple
microstrip patch antenna gives dual-band and Array give
3bands which are used for 5G communication. Microstrip patch
antenna gives 38GHz and 54GHz frequencies and Array gives
38.6GHz, 47.7GHz, and 54GHz frequencies and all of these
bands are used in 5G communication. Microstrip Antenna gives
a Gain of 6.9dB for 38GHz and 7.4dB for 54GHz respectively.
Furthermore, when a 4-element linear array is employed, it
gives a Gain of 12.2dB for 38.6GHz and 11.6dB for 47.7GHz
and 12.1dB for 54GHz respectively. This shows that we can
achieve high Gain by using an array. This antenna has high
Gain, Bandwidth, Radiation efficiency and directivity as shown
in Table 6, which shows that this antenna is very suitable for
5G communications.
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